1.
University of Liverpool
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The University of Liverpool is a public university based in the city of Liverpool, England. Founded as a college in 1881, it gained its charter in 1903 with the ability to award degrees and is also known to be one of the six original red brick civic universities. It comprises three faculties organised into 35 departments and schools and it is a founding member of the Russell Group, the N8 Group for research collaboration and the University Management school is AACSB accredited. Nine Nobel Prize winners are amongst its alumni and past faculty and it was the worlds first university to establish departments in Oceanography, civic design, architecture, and biochemistry at the Johnston Laboratories. In 2006 the university became the first in the UK to establish an independent university in China making it the worlds first Sino-British university, for 2015-16, Liverpool had a turnover of £490.2 million, including £93.7 million from research grants and contracts. It has the fifth largest endowment of any university in England, graduates of the University are styled with the post-nominal letters Lpool, to indicate the institution. The University has a partnership with Laureate International Universities, a for-profit college enterprise. The University was established in 1881 as University College Liverpool, admitting its first students in 1882, in 1884, it became part of the federal Victoria University. In 1894 Oliver Lodge, a professor at the University, made the worlds first public radio transmission, the Liverpool University Press was founded in 1899, making it the third oldest university press in England. Students in this period were awarded external degrees by the University of London, in 2004, Sylvan Learning, later known as Laureate International Universities, became the worldwide partner for University of Liverpool online. Following a Royal Charter and Act of Parliament in 1903, it became an independent university with the right to confer its own called the University of Liverpool. The next few years saw major developments at the university, including Sir Charles Sherringtons discovery of the synapse, in the 1930s to 1940s Sir James Chadwick and Sir Joseph Rotblat made major contributions to the development of the atomic bomb. From 1943 to 1966 Allan Downie, Professor of Bacteriology, was involved in the eradication of smallpox. In 1994 the university was a member of the Russell Group. The university has produced nine Nobel Prize winners, from the fields of science, medicine, economics, Sir Ronald Ross was also the first British Nobel laureate in 1902. These Lasker Awards are popularly known as Americas Nobels, over the 2013/2014 academic year, members of staff took part in numerous strikes after staff were offered a pay rise of 1% which unions equated to a 13% pay cut since 2008. The strikes were supported by both the universitys Guild of Students and the National Union of Students, some students at the university supported the strike, occupying buildings on campus. The university is based around a single urban campus approximately five minutes walk from Liverpool City Centre, at the top of Brownlow Hill
2.
Liverpool Hope University
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Liverpool Hope University is a public university in Liverpool, England. As the only university in Europe, its work has been shaped by Christian principles but embraces those of all faiths. The university comprises three faculties – Arts and Humanities, Education, and Science – organised into 19 departments, the university has two campuses – the main Hope Park Campus in the suburb of Childwall and the Creative Campus in Everton, close to the city centre. Two of the founding colleges, S. Katharines and Notre Dame were established in the 19th century. These colleges were in Warrington and Liverpool City Centre respectively and these were among the first to provide opportunities for higher education to women. They were supplemented on Merseyside when a second Catholic teacher education college, Christs College, on an adjacent to St. Katharines. In 1980, these three colleges joined in a federation under the holding title of Liverpool Institute of Higher Education. Archbishop Derek Worlock and Bishop David Sheppard wrote of this as being a sign of hope, in 1995, a new Instrument and Articles of Government established a single, unified, ecumenical College, and a new name, Liverpool Hope. A company limited by guarantee and registered as a charity was formed, meanwhile, expansion followed in both the range of degrees and in student numbers. The status of an accredited institution of the University of Liverpool had been achieved in 1994. This gave full responsibility to the college for the quality and standards of its course provision, in 1998, the Accreditation Agreement with the University of Liverpool was renewed for five years and extended to cover taught postgraduate awards. After extensive scrutiny by the Quality Assurance Agency in 2001 and 2002, the college made an application to become a university which was submitted in September 2004. On 25 January 2006, Baroness Cox, Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords, was installed as the universitys Foundation Chancellor, on 16 July 2013, The Lord Guthrie of Craigiebank was installed as the universitys second Chancellor. In September 2007 work was completed on the student services building, the building draws together all of the universitys student services such as Registry, Accommodation Offices and the newly launched Student Success Zone. In January 2009 work began on a new £7. 5m Centre for Music, Performance, the centre was officially opened in March 2010. In March 2009, the university awarded Vasily Petrenko, Chief Conductor of the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, the universitys £8. 5m Eden Building on the universitys Hope Park campus opened in October 2010. The centre consists of a theatre, meeting space, offices and seminar. The main campus, Hope Park, is located in Childwall, the Sheppard-Worlock Library is the universitys central library, based at the Hope Park campus
3.
Fortune favours the bold
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Fortune favours the bold, Fortune favours the brave, Fortune helps the brave, and Fortune favours the strong are common translations of a Latin proverb. The slogan has been used historically in the military in the Anglo-Saxon world and these Proverbs in turn descended from Fortes fortuna adiuvat. Used in Terences comedy play Phormio, line 203 and it was cited by Cicero in the 1st century BCE as a vetus proverbium. The quote Fortes Fortuna Juvat is used by the Jydske Dragonregiment, or Jutish Dragoon Regiment and it is used as the motto for the British Armys Yorkshire Regiment having been previously used by one of the Yorkshires antecedent regiments, the Duke of Wellingtons Regiment. The Latin version Audentes Fortuna Juvat is the motto of Clan MacKinnon and it is the motto for Clan Turnbull. It is used as the motto for the OFlaherty family in Ireland and is used on their coat of arms. This is used as the motto for the Dickson family and is presented on their family crest, the phrase was used as the motto of the Royal Air Force station based at East Fortune, in East Lothian. The base was operational in the First World War and between 1940 and 1947 and it is used by the 3rd Marine Regiment of the United States Marine Corps and appears on the regiment insignia. It is the motto of the ship USNS Carl Brashear, named after US Navy Master Diver Carl Brashear, the motto was adopted by the USS Florida after it was converted from an SSBN to a SSGN, to launch a Tomahawk missile. The motto is used by the crew of the USS Montpelier, the Latin equivalent fortuna audentes juvat is used as the motto for the Turing family, dating back to 1316 AD. The motto is used by the 366th Fighter Wing of the United States Air Force, the motto Fortes Fortuna Juvat appears on the gates of Honor Hill at Ft. Benning, Georgia, where U. S. Army infantrymen ceremoniously receive the iconic cross rifle insignia. The motto is used by the Cornielje family of The Netherlands alongside their coat of arms, motto used by the 80th Fighter Squadron stationed at Kunsan AB, Republic of South Korea. Fortune_Favors_the_Brave_ John Wick Star Trek, Deep Space 9, Season 6 Episode 5 God helps those who help themselves Who Dares Wins The dictionary definition of fortis Fortuna adiuvat at Wiktionary
4.
Latin
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Latin is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, Latin was originally spoken in Latium, in the Italian Peninsula. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. Latin, Italian and French have contributed many words to the English language, Latin and Ancient Greek roots are used in theology, biology, and medicine. By the late Roman Republic, Old Latin had been standardised into Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin was the colloquial form spoken during the same time and attested in inscriptions and the works of comic playwrights like Plautus and Terence. Late Latin is the language from the 3rd century. Later, Early Modern Latin and Modern Latin evolved, Latin was used as the language of international communication, scholarship, and science until well into the 18th century, when it began to be supplanted by vernaculars. Ecclesiastical Latin remains the language of the Holy See and the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. Today, many students, scholars and members of the Catholic clergy speak Latin fluently and it is taught in primary, secondary and postsecondary educational institutions around the world. The language has been passed down through various forms, some inscriptions have been published in an internationally agreed, monumental, multivolume series, the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Authors and publishers vary, but the format is about the same, volumes detailing inscriptions with a critical apparatus stating the provenance, the reading and interpretation of these inscriptions is the subject matter of the field of epigraphy. The works of several hundred ancient authors who wrote in Latin have survived in whole or in part and they are in part the subject matter of the field of classics. The Cat in the Hat, and a book of fairy tales, additional resources include phrasebooks and resources for rendering everyday phrases and concepts into Latin, such as Meissners Latin Phrasebook. The Latin influence in English has been significant at all stages of its insular development. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, English writers cobbled together huge numbers of new words from Latin and Greek words, dubbed inkhorn terms, as if they had spilled from a pot of ink. Many of these words were used once by the author and then forgotten, many of the most common polysyllabic English words are of Latin origin through the medium of Old French. Romance words make respectively 59%, 20% and 14% of English, German and those figures can rise dramatically when only non-compound and non-derived words are included. Accordingly, Romance words make roughly 35% of the vocabulary of Dutch, Roman engineering had the same effect on scientific terminology as a whole
5.
Public university
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A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country to another, in Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. In Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments, students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board and they are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education. South Africa has 23 public tertiary institutions, either categorised as a traditional university or a comprehensive university. Almost entire national universities in Brunei are public universities and these are major universities in Brunei, University of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Technological University Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University There are 40 public universities in Bangladesh. The University Grant Commission is the body for all the public universities in Bangladesh. The universities do not deal directly with the government, but with the University Grants Commission, recently many private universities are established under the Private University Act of 1992. In mainland China, nearly all universities and research institutions are public and currently, the public universities are usually run by the provincial governments, there are also circumstances where the municipal governments administer the universities. Some public universities are national, which are administered by the central government. Private undergraduate colleges do exist, which are vocational colleges sponsored by private enterprises. The majority of universities are not entitled to award bachelors degrees. Public universities usually enjoy higher reputation domestically, eight institutions are funded by the University Grants Committee. The Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government, the Open University of Hong Kong is also a public university, but it is largely self-financed. The Shue Yan University is the private institution with the status of a university. There are public and private institutes in Indonesia. The government provide public universities, institutes, high schools and academies in each province, the private educational institution usually provided by religious organizations, public organizations, and some big companies. In India, most universities and nearly all research institutions are public, There are some private undergraduate colleges, mostly engineering schools, but a majority of these are affiliated to public universities
6.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
7.
Nigel Weatherill
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Nigel Peter Weatherill FIMA, C. Math, FRAeS, C. Eng, C. Sci, FREng, DL is the 3rd and current Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive of Liverpool John Moores University as of 2011. He was also Pro-Vice-Chancellor for research, then later Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Head of the College of Engineering, Nigel Weatherill was born in Cleckheaton, Yorkshire. He is married to his wife Barbara Weatherill, together they have 2 children, George Weatherill and Laura Weatherill. He attended Whitcliffe Mount Grammar School, afterwards he attended the University of Southampton where he obtained an undergraduate and postgraduate in Mathematics and Aeronautics. He later obtained a Ph. D from the department of mathematics for his work on magnetohydrodynamics. In 1986 he was a fellow at the Department of Mechanical. After returning to the UK, Nigel Weatherill was appointed lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Swansea in 1987, in 1995 he was appointed to a personal chair before becoming the head of department in 1996. When Swansea University Department of Engineering was integrated in 2001, Weatherill was made head of the School of Engineering, in 2008 he moved to the University of Birmingham where he was pro-vice-chancellor and head of the College of Engineering and Physical Science. On September 2011, Nigel Weatherill was appointed Vice-Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University, Weatherill is a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society and the Institute of Mathematics. He is also a mathematician, engineer and scientist. In 1996 he was awarded a D. Sc from the University of Southampton for his work on fluid dynamics. He is also a Deputy Lieutenant of Merseyside
8.
Postgraduate education
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In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. The organization and structure of education varies in different countries. This article outlines the types of courses and of teaching and examination methods. There are two types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level, academic and vocational degrees. The term degree in this means the moving from one stage or level to another. University studies took six years for a degree and up to twelve additional years for a masters degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, the main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue masters or doctors degrees. Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach. In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows, in Scottish Universities, the Master of Philosophy degree tends to be by research or higher masters degree and the Master of Letters degree tends to be the taught or lower masters degree. In many fields such as social work, or library science in North America. Professional degrees such as the Master of Architecture degree can last to three and a years to satisfy professional requirement to be an architect. Professional degrees such as the Master of Business Administration degree can last up to two years to satisfy the requirement to become a business leader. These are often divided into academic and professional doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a Doctor of Philosophy degree or as a Doctor of Science degree, a doctorate is the terminal degree in most fields. In the United States, there is distinction between a Doctor of Philosophy degree and a Doctor of Science degree. In the second half of the 19th century, however, US universities began to follow the European model by awarding doctorates, in the UK, an equivalent formation to doctorate is the NVQ5 or QCF8. Most universities award degrees, usually at the postgraduate level
9.
Liverpool
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Liverpool is a major city and metropolitan borough in North West England.24 million people in 2011. Liverpool historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the south west of the county of Lancashire and it became a borough from 1207 and a city from 1880. In 1889 it became a county borough independent of Lancashire, Liverpool sits on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary and its growth as a major port is paralleled by the expansion of the city throughout the Industrial Revolution. Along with general cargo, freight, raw materials such as coal and cotton, the city was also directly involved in the Atlantic slave trade. Liverpool was home to both the Cunard and White Star Line, and was the port of registry of the ocean liner RMS Titanic and others such as the RMS Lusitania, Queen Mary, and Olympic. The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007, and it held the European Capital of Culture title together with Stavanger, Norway, several areas of Liverpool city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004. The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City includes the Pier Head, Albert Dock, tourism forms a significant part of the citys economy. Liverpool is also the home of two Premier League football clubs, Liverpool and Everton, matches between the two being known as the Merseyside derby, the world-famous Grand National horse race takes place annually at Aintree Racecourse on the outskirts of the city. The city is home to the oldest Black African community in the country. Natives of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians and colloquially as Scousers, a reference to scouse, the word Scouse has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Pool is a place name element in England from the Brythonic word for a pond, inlet, or pit, cognate with the modern Welsh. The derivation of the first element remains uncertain, with the Welsh word Llif as the most plausible relative and this etymology is supported by its similarity to that of the archaic Welsh name for Liverpool Llynlleifiad. Other origins of the name have suggested, including elverpool. The name appeared in 1190 as Liuerpul, and it may be that the place appearing as Leyrpole, in a record of 1418. King Johns letters patent of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool, the original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a royal charter, making it a borough. The original seven streets were laid out in an H shape, Bank Street, Castle Street, Chapel Street, Dale Street, Juggler Street, Moor Street, in the 17th century there was slow progress in trade and population growth. Battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, in 1699 Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament, that same year its first slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa. Since Roman times, the city of Chester on the River Dee had been the regions principal port on the Irish Sea
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Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
11.
University Alliance
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University Alliance is an association of British universities which was formed in 2006 as the Alliance of Non-Aligned Universities, adopting its current name in 2007. Alliance institutions educate more than a quarter of students in the UK, including 27% of those on STEM courses and they deliver 40% of the UK’s sandwich degrees and maintain links with 19,000 businesses, including 13,000 SMEs. It is the only UK university association or grouping which is above benchmark on both access and retention of students, a large proportion of courses offered by Alliance universities are accredited by professional bodies. In 2015, University Alliance launched the Doctoral Training Alliance, the UKs largest multi-partner doctoral training programme building on its members research strengths, the initial programme in applied biosciences for health was followed in 2016 with a second programme, focused on energy. University Alliance has put forward proposals on lifelong learning, calling on the government to take steps to ensure people can benefit from opportunities at all stages of life. Its policy work has focused on the role of universities in supporting the UK’s industrial strategy and nurturing arts, culture. The association is headed by the Chair, Deputy Chair and the Treasurer who are elected, operational running on a daily business is overseen by the Chief Executive
12.
Research university
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Such universities can be recognized by their strong focus on innovative research and the prestige of their brand names. From the late 20th century to the present, U. S. research universities have dominated most international college and university rankings
13.
John Moores (British businessman)
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Sir John Moores CBE was an English businessman and philanthropist most famous for the founding of the now defunct Littlewoods retail company that was located in Liverpool, England. John Moores was born into a family in Barton-upon-Irwell, Lancashire on 25 January 1896. He was one of eight children and the eldest of four sons and he left elementary school in 1910, at the age of 14, and became a messenger boy at the Manchester Post Office but was soon accepted in a course at the Post Office School of Telegraphy. This enabled him, in 1912 to join the Commercial Cable Company as a junior operator and he was in the Navy during the First World War, from 1917 onwards, as a wireless operator. Moores father, John William, was a bricklayer, then became a site foreman. He was off work in the last two years of his life with an injury sustained at work and he died on 9 February 1919 at the age of 47 of tuberculosis. John Moores Jnr was demobilised from the Navy two months later and he carried on working for the Commercial Cable Company. In 1920 he was posted to Liverpool where he stayed for a few months and he noticed there was no public library around for miles so he set up a store that sold books and stationery. He bulk imported books and called it the Waterville Supply Company and he also sold golf balls as there was no sports shop or golf course. However, in 1922, Moores was back in England as the cable company reposted him again to Liverpool, John, Colin Askham and Bill Hughes were friends who had worked together as Post Office messenger boys in Manchester. It was whilst looking for a new money-making idea that Moores met John Jervis Barnard, Moores had always been an avid football fan from when he was very young. When he lived in Manchester he supported Manchester United as did his father and he played amateur football himself until retiring at the age of 40. Barnard had devised a football pool, where punters would bet on the outcome of football matches, the payouts to winners came from the pool of money that was bet, less 10 per cent to cover management costs. It had not been particularly successful, clearly, Barnard was struggling to make a profit. Moores obtained one of Barnards pools coupon, and the three Manchester friends decided they could do it better and they could not let their employers, the Commercial Cable Company, know what they were doing, or they would be sacked. That ruled out calling it, for example, John Moores Football Pool, Moores recalled years later, Calling it the John Smiths Football Pool sounded a bit dodgy. The solution to that problem came from Colin Askham. He had been orphaned as a baby and been brought up by an aunt whose surname was Askham, and so, in 1923, the Littlewood Football Pool – as it was called originally – was started
14.
Liverpool Institute High School for Boys
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The Liverpool Institute High School for Boys was an all-boys grammar school in the English port city of Liverpool. The school had its origins in 1825 but occupied different premises while the money was found to build a building on Mount Street. The Institute was first known as the Liverpool Mechanics School of Arts, in 1832 the name was shortened to the Liverpool Mechanics Institution. The facade of the building, the entrance hall and modified school hall remain after substantial internal reconstruction was completed in the early 1990s. Its initial primary purpose as a Mechanics Institute was to provide opportunities, mainly through evening classes. Lectures for the public were also provided of wide interest covering topics ranging from Arctic exploration to Shakespeare. Luminaries like Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope and Ralph Waldo Emerson delivered talks, by 1840 the Institution offered evening classes, lectures, a library and a boys lower and upper school. By the 1850s a formal art school was evolving from the classes and in 1856 this diversity was recognised by another name change – The Liverpool Institute. A girls school was founded and opened in 1844 under the name Liverpool Institute High School for Girls, the school was one of the first which was open to the public in the country established exclusively for the education of girls. In 1905 the Liverpool City Council took over the management of the schools when the LI Board of Governors presented the school. From then until its closure in 1985, the school was known as The Liverpool Institute High School for Boys or more familiarly as The Institute or The Inny to its pupils. It was an English grammar school for boys ages 11 to 18 with an excellent academic reputation built up more than a century. The Labour Party nationally – see Anthony Croslands Circular of September 1965 required that Local Authorities bring forward schemes for comprehensive secondary education, however the man who was Chair of the Educational Committee at the time of the decision to close the school was Dominic Brady. After closure, the building empty and neglected, the roof leaking. In 1987 it was announced that the LI Trust would grant use of the building, Paul McCartney had returned to his old school when with Wings he had played a concert at the Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool in 1979. After the schools closure in 1985, McCartney returned one night to reminisce about his school days and this visit is captured in Echoes, a DVD which accompanies the Liverpool Oratoria box set. McCartney and Featherstone-Witty joined forces to create the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, the new company took over the Liverpool Institute Trust established in 1905. The building was rebuilt behind its old facade and re-opened in 1996 under LIPAs name and this new institute is currently affiliated with LJMU and is no longer a Liverpool secondary school
15.
Privy Council of the United Kingdom
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Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises senior politicians, who are present or former members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords, the Council also holds the delegated authority to issue Orders of Council, mostly used to regulate certain public institutions. The Council advises the sovereign on the issuing of Royal Charters, which are used to grant special status to incorporated bodies, otherwise, the Privy Councils powers have now been largely replaced by the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. The Judicial Committee consists of judges appointed as Privy Counsellors, predominantly Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The Privy Council of the United Kingdom was preceded by the Privy Council of Scotland, the key events in the formation of the modern Privy Council are given below, Witenagemot was an early equivalent to the Privy Council of England. During the reigns of the Norman monarchs, the English Crown was advised by a court or curia regis. The body originally concerned itself with advising the sovereign on legislation, administration, later, different bodies assuming distinct functions evolved from the court. The courts of law took over the business of dispensing justice, nevertheless, the Council retained the power to hear legal disputes, either in the first instance or on appeal. Furthermore, laws made by the sovereign on the advice of the Council, powerful sovereigns often used the body to circumvent the Courts and Parliament. During Henry VIIIs reign, the sovereign, on the advice of the Council, was allowed to enact laws by mere proclamation, the legislative pre-eminence of Parliament was not restored until after Henry VIIIs death. Though the royal Council retained legislative and judicial responsibilities, it became an administrative body. The Council consisted of forty members in 1553, but the sovereign relied on a smaller committee, by the end of the English Civil War, the monarchy, House of Lords, and Privy Council had been abolished. The remaining parliamentary chamber, the House of Commons, instituted a Council of State to execute laws, the forty-one members of the Council were elected by the House of Commons, the body was headed by Oliver Cromwell, de facto military dictator of the nation. In 1653, however, Cromwell became Lord Protector, and the Council was reduced to thirteen and twenty-one members, all elected by the Commons. In 1657, the Commons granted Cromwell even greater powers, some of which were reminiscent of those enjoyed by monarchs, the Council became known as the Protectors Privy Council, its members were appointed by the Lord Protector, subject to Parliaments approval. In 1659, shortly before the restoration of the monarchy, the Protectors Council was abolished, Charles II restored the Royal Privy Council, but he, like previous Stuart monarchs, chose to rely on a small group of advisers. Under George I even more power transferred to this committee and it now began to meet in the absence of the sovereign, communicating its decisions to him after the fact. Thus, the British Privy Council, as a whole, ceased to be a body of important confidential advisers to the sovereign and it is closely related to the word private, and derives from the French word privé
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Littlewoods
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Littlewoods was a retail and football betting company founded in Liverpool, Merseyside, England by John Moores in 1923. It grew to become the largest private company in Europe by the 1980s but declined in the face of increased competition from rivals, today the brand name remains as part of Shop Direct Group although the original company once employing 4,000 people has been broken up. The original company began in 1923 as a football pools company, after making a loss in the first season of operation, John Moores original partners withdrew from the venture. Moores persisted with family assistance and by 1932 was in a position to expand the business into mail-order retailing, the first mail-order catalogue was sent to existing subscribers to the pools and the take up – mostly women – formed clubs. Effectively, they became retail agents, collecting money for goods ordered from the catalogue from friends and family, the mail-order business expanded and the first Littlewoods high-street store opened in 1937. Littlewoods grew as a retail and betting organisation and, at its height, in 1982, it was the largest private company in Europe. At one time, it was also the largest family-owned firm in the UK, Littlewoods was among the key retailers to relocate from town-centre stores to new developments, mostly in enterprise zones, to take advantage of the financial incentives they offered. The Merry Hill store, opened on 14 November 1989, was a notable example, the catalogue market was transformed with the emergence of the Internet, and phone transactions slowly diminished after the mid-1990s. It was around this time that Littlewoods began closing its stores, in October 2002, the Moores family sold the shopping and catalogue business to David and Frederick Barclay for £750M. In 2004 Littlewoods was merged with Kays Catalogues to create the Littlewoods Shop Direct Group, the amalgamation of the two businesses led to the closure of many of both brands distribution centres. Kays main centres in Worcester and Leeds were closed, while Littlewoods main operations in Liverpool were cut back. Index was closed down in early 2005, and at the time of its failure it was noted that it had not made a profit for 18 out of its 20 years of operation and was running at a loss of £100M. Half its standalone stores were sold to rival Argos and concessions in its Littlewoods stores were shut, the closure of 119 Littlewoods stores was also announced in 2005. Around 40 stores were sold to the Primark retail business, owned by ABF, very Shop Direct Group Littlewoods official website
17.
John Foster (architect)
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This is about the better-known architect. For his architect father, see John Foster, Sr. John Foster, Foster studied under Jeffry Wyatt in London and in 1809 travelled in the eastern Mediterranean. During 1810–11 he accompanied C. R. Cockerell and the German archaeologists Haller and Linckh in their excavation of the temples at Aegina and he returned to Liverpool in 1816 and joined the family building firm. He succeeded his father as senior surveyor to the Corporation of Liverpool in 1824 and his own designs included The Oratory and the dramatic St James Cemetery, both in the grounds of Liverpool Cathedral, and St. Andrews in Rodney Street, now derelict. The second Royal Infirmary and the baths have both been demolished, as has the enormous, domed Custom House, which suffered superficial bomb damage during the Second World War. He is often attributed as the architect for numbers 2–10 Gambier Terrace, Liverpool
18.
Liverpool Business School
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Liverpool Business School is the business school of Liverpool John Moores University in England, located in the Redmonds Building on the Mount Pleasant Campus. It is based within the Faculty of Business & Law, situated at Mount Pleasant Campus, LBS has over 2,500 students and 100 academics. LBS offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research based programmes
19.
Georgian architecture
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Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the architecture of Greece and Rome. Ornament is also normally in the tradition, but typically rather restrained. In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world. The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession, before the mid-century the high-sounding title and this contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny published editions in America as well as Britain, mail-order kit homes were also popular before World War II. The architect James Gibbs was a figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture—and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking worlds equivalent of European Rococo. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke, regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. In Britain brick or stone are almost invariably used, brick is often disguised with stucco, in America and other colonies wood remained very common, as its availability and cost-ratio with the other materials was more favourable. Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture, Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided, in grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid, this was partly to minimize window tax and their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable
20.
Victorian architecture
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Victorian architecture is a series of architectural revival styles in the mid-to-late 19th century. Victorian refers to the reign of Queen Victoria, called the Victorian era, however, many elements of what is typically termed Victorian architecture did not become popular until later in Victorias reign. The styles often included interpretations and eclectic revivals of historic styles mixed with the introduction of middle east, the name represents the British and French custom of naming architectural styles for a reigning monarch. Within this naming and classification scheme, it follows Georgian architecture and later Regency architecture, during the early 19th century, the romantic medieval Gothic revival style was developed as a reaction to the symmetry of Palladianism, and such buildings as Fonthill Abbey were built. Paxton also continued to build houses as Mentmore Towers, in the still popular English Renaissance styles. In this era of prosperity new methods of construction were developed, other notable Scottish architects of this period are Archibald Simpson and Alexander Marshall Mackenzie whose stylistically varied work can be seen in the architecture of Aberdeen. Victorian architecture usually has many intricate window frames inspired by the famous architect Elliot Rae, some chose the United States, and others went to Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Normally, they applied architectural styles that were fashionable when they left England, thus, the influence of English architecture spread across the world. Several prominent architects produced English-derived designs around the world, including William Butterfield, the Victorian period flourished in Australia and is generally recognised as being from 1840 to 1890, which saw a gold rush and population boom during the 1880s in the state of Victoria. There were fifteen styles that predominated, The Arts and Crafts style and Queen Anne style are considered to be part of the Federation Period, during the British colonial period of British Ceylon, Sri Lanka Law College, Sri Lanka College of Technology and the Galle Face Hotel. In the United States, Victorian architecture generally describes styles that were most popular between 1860 and 1900, a list of these styles most commonly includes Second Empire, Stick-Eastlake, Folk Victorian, Queen Anne, Richardsonian Romanesque, and Shingle. As in the United Kingdom, examples of Gothic Revival and Italianate continued to be constructed during this period, some historians classify the later years of Gothic Revival as a distinctive Victorian style named High Victorian Gothic. Stick-Eastlake, a manner of geometric, machine-cut decorating derived from Stick, on the other hand, terms such as Painted Ladies or gingerbread may be used to describe certain Victorian buildings, but do not constitute a specific style. The names of architectural styles varied between countries, many homes combined the elements of several different styles and are not easily distinguishable as one particular style or another. San Francisco is well known for its extensive Victorian architecture, particularly in the Haight-Ashbury, Lower Haight, Alamo Square, Noe Valley, Castro, Nob Hill, the extent to which any one is the largest surviving example is debated, with numerous qualifications. The Distillery District in Toronto, Ontario contains the largest and best preserved collection of Victorian-era industrial architecture in North America, cabbagetown is the largest and most continuous Victorian residential area in North America. Other Toronto Victorian neighbourhoods include The Annex, Parkdale, and Rosedale, in the USA, the South End of Boston is recognized by the National Register of Historic Places as the oldest and largest Victorian neighborhood in the country. Old Louisville in Louisville, Kentucky also claims to be the nations largest Victorian neighborhood, richmond, Virginia is home to several large Victorian neighborhoods, the most prominent being The Fan
21.
Brian May
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Brian Harold May, CBE is an English musician, singer, songwriter and astrophysicist, best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Queen. He uses an electric guitar, called the Red Special. His compositions for the band include We Will Rock You, Tie Your Mother Down, I Want It All, Fat Bottomed Girls, Flash, Hammer to Fall, Save Me, Who Wants to Live Forever and The Show Must Go On. May was a co-founder of Queen with lead singer Freddie Mercury and drummer Roger Taylor, having performed with Taylor in the band Smile. As a member of Queen, May became regarded as a virtuoso musician, following the death of Mercury in 1991, Queen were put on hiatus for several years but were eventually reconvened by May and Taylor for further performances featuring other vocalists. In 2005, a Planet Rock poll saw May voted the 7th greatest guitarist of all time and he was ranked at No.26 on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. In 2012, May was ranked the 2nd greatest guitarist of all time by a Guitar World magazine readers poll and he was appointed a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 2005 for services to the music industry and for charity work. May attained a PhD in astrophysics from Imperial College London in 2007 and was Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University from 2008 to 2013 and he was a science team collaborator with NASAs New Horizons Pluto mission. He is also a co-founder of the campaign, Asteroid Day. Asteroid 52665 Brianmay was named after him, may is also an animal rights activist, campaigning against the hunting of foxes and the culling of badgers in the UK. Brian Harold May, the child of Harold and Ruth May, was born in Hampton, London on 19 July 1947. He is of English and Scottish descent, with his mother being Scots, during this time, he formed his first band, named 1984 after George Orwells novel of the same name, with vocalist and bassist Tim Staffell. At Hampton Grammar School, he attained ten GCE Ordinary Levels and he studied Mathematics and Physics at Imperial College London, graduating with a BSc. in Physics with honours. In 2007, May obtained his PhD in astrophysics from Imperial College London, may formed the band Smile in 1968. The group included Tim Staffell as the singer and bassist, and later, drummer Roger Taylor. The band lasted for two years, from 1968 to 1970, as Staffell departed in 1970, leaving the band with a catalogue of nine songs. Smile would reunite for several songs on 22 December 1992, Taylors band The Cross were headliners, and he brought May and Staffell on to play Earth and If I Were a Carpenter. May also performed other songs that night
22.
Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University
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The Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University is the titular head of the university who is appointed on the approval of the board of governors. The duties of the include the conferring of degrees at graduation ceremonies. As chancellor they may also attend engagements at the university and outside promoting its work, however the institution itself goes as far back to its foundation as Liverpool Mechanics School of Arts in 1823, making its claim in the third oldest university in England debate. The leadership and everyday running of the university is installed in the Vice-Chancellor, during the absence of the chancellor or vacant office, the duties are often undertaken by the Pro-Chancellor, who is also the chairman of the board of governors. Upon completing the term of office or stepping down, the holder is appointed Chancellor Emeritus of the university, a statue of Henry Cotton resides on the universities City Campus, outside the honourarily named Henry Cotton Building in Liverpool. The building currently houses the Faculty of Health and Applied Social Sciences, dr. Brian May, CBE became the fourth chancellor after being appointed to the honorary position on 14 April 2008 in a ceremony at St Georges Hall, Liverpool. He is most known for being in the rock band Queen and he completed his Ph. D in 2007 A Survey of Radial Velocities in the Zodiacal Dust Cloud, using the university owned telescope to complete it. He is also co-author of the book, Bang, the complete history of the universe with Sir Patrick Moore who attended Mays inauguration ceremony and Chris Lintott. Brian May replaced Cherie Blair, QC, wife of former Prime Minister Tony Blair, Brian May himself stepped down at the end of his five-year term in 2013. At the end of March 2013, Sir Brian Leveson, the Lord Justice of Appeal for England and his official inauguration ceremony took place at the Liverpool Anglican Cathedral on the afternoon of 20 May 2013. Vice-Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool John Moores University
23.
Queen (band)
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Queen are a British rock band that formed in London in 1970. Their classic line-up was Freddie Mercury, Brian May, Roger Taylor, before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with elaborate stage. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested Queen as a new band name, John Deacon was recruited before the band recorded their eponymous debut album in 1973. The latter featured Bohemian Rhapsody, which stayed at one in the UK for nine weeks. The bands 1977 album News of the World contained We Will Rock You and We Are the Champions, by the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert has been ranked among the greatest in history by various music publications. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, since then, May and Taylor have performed under the name of Queen with Paul Rodgers and Adam Lambert as vocalists on several tours. The band have released a total of 18 number-one albums,18 number-one singles, estimates of their record sales generally range from 150 million to 300 million records, making them one of the worlds best-selling music artists. Queen received the Outstanding Contribution to British Music Award from the British Phonographic Industry in 1990 and they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001. In 1968, guitarist Brian May, a student at Londons Imperial College, may placed an advertisement on a college notice board for a Mitch Mitchell/Ginger Baker type drummer, Roger Taylor, a young dental student, auditioned and got the job. While attending Ealing Art College, Tim Staffell became friends with Farrokh Bulsara, Bulsara felt that he and the band had the same tastes and soon became a keen fan of Smile. In 1970, after Staffell left to join the band Humpy Bong, the band had a number of bass players during this period who did not fit with the bands chemistry. It was not until February 1971 that they settled on John Deacon and they recorded four of their own songs, Liar, Keep Yourself Alive, The Night Comes Down and Jesus, for a demo tape, no record companies were interested. It was also around this time Freddie changed his surname to Mercury, inspired by the line Mother Mercury, on 2 July 1971, Queen played their first show in the classic line-up of Mercury, May, Taylor and Deacon at a Surrey college outside London. Having attended art college, Mercury also designed Queens logo, called the Queen crest, the logo combines the zodiac signs of all four members, two lions for Leo, a crab for Cancer, and two fairies for Virgo. The lions embrace a stylised letter Q, the crab rests atop the letter with flames rising directly above it, There is also a crown inside the Q and the whole logo is over-shadowed by an enormous phoenix. The whole symbol bears a resemblance to the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
24.
Cherie Blair
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Cherie Blair, CBE, QC, known as Cherie Blair or professionally as Cherie Booth, is a British barrister and lecturer. She is married to the prime minister, Tony Blair. Booth was born at Fairfield Hospital, Bury, Lancashire, England and her father, British actor Tony Booth, left her mother, actress Gale Howard, when Cherie was 8 years old. Cherie and her younger sister Lyndsey were then brought up by Gale and their paternal grandmother Vera Booth, the sisters attended Catholic schools in Crosby, Lancashire. Cherie Booth attended Seafield Convent Grammar, which is now part of Sacred Heart Catholic College and she read law at the London School of Economics and graduated with First-Class Honours. Later she was enrolled at the College of Law and passed her BVC and she came at the top of her year in the bar exams, while teaching law at the Polytechnic of Central London. She was the Labour candidate for the Conservative safe seat of North Thanet in Kent in the 1983 general election, a member of Lincolns Inn, she became a barrister in 1976 and Queens Counsel in 1995. Until 1988, her head of chambers was George Carman, in 1999, she was appointed a Recorder in the County Court and Crown Court. She is a member of Matrix Chambers in London from which she continues to practice as a barrister. She is Founder and Chair of Omnia Strategy LLP, a law firm and she specialises in employment, discrimination, and public law and, in this capacity, has occasionally represented claimants taking cases against the UK Government. Cherie Blair has appeared in a number of leading cases, a notable example before the European Court of Justice was concerned with discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. In November 2007, she expressed interest in becoming a senior judge, in January 2010, when sentencing a defendant, Shamso Miah, for assault, Recorder Booth announced that she would suspend his prison sentence after describing him as a religious man. The court heard that Miah had been to a mosque shortly before he broke a mans jaw following a row in a bank queue, Blair told Miah, You are a religious man and you know this is not acceptable behaviour. This was interpreted by observers as special leniency given on account of the criminals religiosity. A private letter to the National Secular Society said, however, Blair launched a company called Mee Healthcare with an American business partner Gail Lese in 2011. In June 2015, it ceased trading, all staff were made redundant and she was the 3rd Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University from 1999–2006. On 26 July 2006, was awarded the title of Emerita Chancellor. She is also Governor of the London School of Economics and the Open University, on 2 March 2011, Cherie Blair was appointed the Chancellor of the Asian University for Women
25.
Tony Blair
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Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a British politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and the Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. From 1983 to 2007, Blair was the MP for Sedgefield, under Blairs leadership, the party used the phrase New Labour, to distance it from previous Labour policies and the traditional conception of socialism. Critics of Blair denounced him for having the Labour Party abandon genuine socialism, in May 1997, the Labour Party won a landslide general election victory, the largest in its history, allowing Blair, at 43 years old, to become the youngest Prime Minister since 1812. In September 1997, Blair attained early personal popularity, receiving a 93% public approval rating, the Labour Party went on to win two more elections under his leadership, in 2001, in which it won another landslide victory, and in 2005, with a reduced majority. In the first years of the New Labour government, Blairs government introduced the National Minimum Wage Act, Human Rights Act, Blairs government also devolved power, establishing the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly. In Northern Ireland, Blair was involved in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, Blair has faced strong criticism for his role in the invasion of Iraq, including calls for having him tried for war crimes and waging a war of aggression. In 2016, the Iraq Inquiry strongly criticised his actions and described the invasion of Iraq as unjustified, Blair also intervened militarily in Kosovo and Sierra Leone. Blair was succeeded as the leader of the Labour Party and as Prime Minister by Gordon Brown in June 2007. On the day that Blair resigned as Prime Minister, he was appointed the official Special Envoy of the Quartet on the Middle East and he now runs a consultancy business and has set up various foundations in his own name, including the Tony Blair Faith Foundation. Anthony Charles Lynton Blair was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 6 May 1953 and he was the second son of Leo and Hazel Blair. Leo Blair was the son of two entertainers and adopted as a baby by Glasgow shipyard worker James Blair and his wife. Hazel Corscadden was the daughter of George Corscadden, a butcher, in 1923 he returned to Ballyshannon, County Donegal. In Ballyshannon Corscaddens wife, Sarah Margaret, gave birth above the grocery shop to Blairs mother. Blair has one brother, Sir William Blair, a High Court judge. Blairs first home was with his family at Paisley Terrace in the Willowbrae area of Edinburgh, during this period, his father worked as a junior tax inspector whilst also studying for a law degree from the University of Edinburgh. Blairs first relocation was when he was 19 months old, at the end of 1954 Blairs parents and their two sons moved from Paisley Terrace to Adelaide, South Australia. His father lectured in law at the University of Adelaide and it was when in Australia that Blairs sister Sarah was born. The Blairs lived in the suburb of Dulwich close to the university, the family returned to the UK in summer 1958
26.
Patrick Moore
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Sir Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore CBE HonFRS FRAS was an English amateur astronomer who attained prominent status in that field as a writer, researcher, radio commentator and television presenter. As an amateur astronomer, he known as a specialist in Moon observation. Idiosyncrasies such as his diction and monocle made him a popular. Moore was also a self-taught xylophonist, glockenspiel player and pianist and he was a former amateur cricketer, golfer and chess player. In addition to popular science books, he wrote numerous works of fiction. He served in the Royal Air Force during World War II and he never married or had children. Moore was born in Pinner, Middlesex on 4 March 1923 to Capt. Charles Trachsel Caldwell-Moore MC and his family moved to Bognor Regis, and subsequently to East Grinstead where he spent his childhood. His youth was marked by problems, which left him in poor health. He developed an interest in astronomy at the age of six and he was invited to run a small observatory in East Grinstead at the age of 14, after his mentor – who ran the observatory – was killed in a road accident. At the age of 16 he began wearing a monocle after an oculist told him his eye was weaker than his left. Three years later, he began wearing a set of dentures. During World War II, Moore joined the Home Guard in East Grinstead where his father had been elected platoon commander, during his time in Canada, he met Albert Einstein and Orville Wright while on leave in New York. After the end of hostilities, Moore became an adjutant and then an Area Meteorological Officer, finally demobilized in October 1945 with the rank of Flying officer. The war had a significant influence on Moores life - he said his only romance ended when his fiancée Lorna, Moore subsequently remarked that he never married because there was no one else for me. Second best is no good for me, I would have liked a wife and family, but it was not to be. In May 2012 he said to the Radio Times magazine, We must take care, the Germans will try again, given another chance. He also said, in the interview, that The only good Kraut is a dead Kraut. Moore wrote the foreword for his mothers 1974 book, Mrs Moore In Space, after the war, Moore rejected a grant to study at the University of Cambridge, citing a wish to stand on my own two feet
27.
Pete Postlethwaite
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After minor television appearances, including in The Professionals, his first major success arose through the British autobiographical film Distant Voices, Still Lives. Following this role, he portrayed the mysterious lawyer, Mr. Kobayashi, in The Usual Suspects, in television, Postlethwaite played Sergeant Obadiah Hakeswill on Sharpe. He trained as a teacher and taught drama before training as an actor, director Steven Spielberg called him the best actor in the world after working with him on The Lost World, Jurassic Park. He was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2004 New Year Honours list. Less than one month after his death from cancer, he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance in Ben Afflecks The Town. Postlethwaite was born in Warrington, Lancashire, the fourth and youngest child of William and Mary Postlethwaite and he had two sisters, Anne and Patricia, and a brother, Michael. He attended St Benedicts RC Junior School and a seminary and he then joined the 4th form at West Park Grammar School, St Helens where he enjoyed sport including rugby. He spent an extra year re-sitting some O-levels and then took four A-levels in English, history, geography, despite portraying Irish characters on multiple occasions, it had been claimed that Postlethwaite was not of Irish descent. Postlethwaite and Walters had a relationship during the latter half of the 1970s. He was a veteran of the Royal Shakespeare Company and other acting companies, after other early appearances in small parts for television programmes such as The Professionals, Postlethwaites first film success came with the film Distant Voices, Still Lives in 1988. He received an Academy Award nomination for his role in In the Name of the Father in 1993 and he is well known for his role as mysterious lawyer Mr. Kobayashi in The Usual Suspects. He made appearances in several films, including Alien 3, Amistad, Brassed Off, The Shipping News, The Constant Gardener, Inception. In 2003, he was both the physical and vocal actor for the villain Deeth in Zixx, Level One, a Canadian TV series created by IDT Entertainment. This was directed by Rupert Goold, who would direct his Lear in 2008. As well as Australia, the play toured Canada, New Zealand, in The Art of Discworld, Terry Pratchett wrote that he had always imagined Sam Vimes as a younger, slightly bulkier version of Pete Postlethwaite. One of his notable roles was Sergeant Obadiah Hakeswill in ITVs Sharpe series. The actor said this was one of his roles and that he and fellow actor Sean Bean played well off each other because of their mutual love. Bernard Cornwell, the author and creator of the Sharpe series, Postlethwaite co-starred with Bean in When Saturday Comes
28.
University of Bradford
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The University of Bradford is a public, plate glass university located in the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The university received its Royal Charter in 1966, making it the 40th university to be created in Britain, there are two campuses, the main campus located on Richmond Road and the School of Management, at Emm Lane. The student population includes 8,395 undergraduate and 2,815 postgraduate students, mature students make up around a third of the undergraduate community. 22% of students are foreign, and come from over 110 different countries, there were 14,406 applications to the university through UCAS in 2010, of which 3,421 were accepted. It was the first British university to establish a Department of Peace Studies in 1973, the division has a reputation as a centre of excellence in peace research, international relations, security studies, conflict resolution and development and peace studies. The universitys origins date back to the Mechanics Institute, founded in 1832, in 1882, the institute became the Bradford Technical College. In 1957, the Bradford Institute of Technology, was formed as a College of Advanced Technology to take on the running of higher education courses, construction of the Richmond Building, the largest building on campus, began in 1963. The Horton Building and Chesham building were added, on the opposite side of Richmond Road. The Charter of Incorporation was granted in 1966, to create the University of Bradford, expansion of the main campus continued in the 1970s and onwards, with the addition of the Library and Computer Centre, Communal Building, Pemberton Building and Ashfield Building. An extension to the Library and Computer Centre was completed in the mid-1990s, in 1996, the university joined with the former Bradford and Airedale College of Health, which then became the School of Health Studies within the university. The Department of Physics was closed in the 1980s, the Department of Mathematics has since been reopened within the School of Computing, Informatics and Media. In 1987, the university one of the twelve founding members of the Northern Consortium. In September 2009, it was announced that the University was to merge with Leeds College of Music and it was later announced that this merger would not go ahead due to financial constraints. LCMs degrees are now validated by the University of Hull, the university is currently undergoing a £84 million redevelopment programme, including Student Central, which is now home to the brand new student union, social and study zones and bars. The School of Health Studies was recently moved from the Trinity Road Campus to the universitys City Campus in summer 2011, after major refurbishment, in 2005, a £84 million redevelopment of the campus was announced, and a project to create the worlds first Ecoversity was formed. The university aimed to reduce its footprint by reducing waste. As part of this, Bradford became a Fairtrade University in December 2006, as of 2008, several of the redevelopment projects have been completed. Redevelopment of the facilities was completed in summer 2009
29.
University of Huddersfield
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The University of Huddersfield is a public university located in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. The present University of Huddersfield can trace its history back through several predecessor institutions, in 1825 there was an attempt to set up a Scientific and Mechanics Institution in the town. Supported by a group of donors, its patron was leading Whig and its aims were to instruct local mechanics and tradesmen in scientific principles relating to their work, through lectures and a circulation library, which by 1827 contained over 700 volumes. Some 19th century students earned qualifications as external students of the University of London, the history of the University is usually traced to 1841. They first met in the Temperance Hotel, Cross Church Street, classes began for the first 40 or so pupils in the room of the British School at Outcote Bank, and were taught by experienced staff from the local Collegiate Schools and businessmen like Schwann. A subscription library was founded, and classes were delivered in Reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography, design, the increase in student numbers prompted a move to Nelsons Buildings in New Street, and the renaming of the institution to more closely reflect its remit. The first Secretary, Robert Neil, was appointed in 1844, in March 1844 he organised an Soiree for 700 at the towns Philosophical Hall, and in May a Rural Gala for 500 at Fixby Pastures. Negotiations with the railway company led to reduced fares into York for 300 membership to enjoy the cultural opportunities of the city. In 1846, Neil was succeeded by George Searle Phillips, who was described by historian John OConnell as philosopher, propagandist, in 1850, growing attendance meant another move, to Wellington Buildings, Queen Street. At this time, a Preliminary Savings Bank scheme was introduced in the Institution, linked to the Huddersfield Banking Company. Based on the Scottish system of encouraging working people to make small, regular saving deposits, it was a forerunner of the Post Office Savings Bank, in 1854, after Phillips resignation, Frank Curzon took over as Secretary and remained in post until 1883. During his tenure a prize giving and distribution ceremony was introduced to reward attendance and he not only oversaw a recruitment drive, but also the move to the first purpose built home of the institution, on Northumberland Street. The institution took possession in 1861, as student numbers passed 800 annually, the institution managed an examinations system and gave grants to science schools on a payment by results basis. In 1857 the Society of Arts held its first examinations outside London at Huddersfield, a merge took place with the town’s Female Educational Institute in 1883, and the institution become the Technical School and Mechanics’ Institute. And moved into new premises, the Ramsden Building on the University’s Queensgate Campus, the building cost £20,000, and is still in use by the University today. In 1896, the Technical School and Mechanics Institute became the Technical College, World War I was a time of growth for the College. A Coal Tar Chemistry Department was created, funded by the government, more than 100 chemists worked at the College as research staff as products were created for British Dyes Ltd. During World War II, the College housed student teachers evacuated from London, as well as members of the forces training to be radio mechanics, engineers, fitters
30.
Leeds Beckett University
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Leeds Beckett University is a public university in Leeds, West Yorkshire, with campuses in the city centre and Headingley. The university’s origins can be traced to 1824, with the foundation of the Leeds Mechanics Institute, Leeds Polytechnic was formed in 1970, and was part of the Leeds Local Education Authority until it became an independent higher Education Corporation on 1 April 1989. In 1992, the institution gained university status, the current name was adopted in September 2014. The number of students is listed by the HESA 2015/16 data as the 18th largest in the UK out of 166, the university traces its roots to 1824 when the Leeds Mechanics Institute was founded. The institute later became the Leeds Institute of Science, Art and Literature, in 1970, the college merged with Leeds College of Commerce, part of Leeds College of Art and Yorkshire College of Education and Home Economics, forming Leeds Polytechnic. In 1976, James Graham College and the City Of Leeds College of Education joined Leeds Polytechnic, in 1987, the Polytechnic became one of the founding members of the Northern Consortium. After the Further and Higher Education Act came into effect in 1992, in 1998, the university merged with Harrogate College, establishing the Harrogate campus until 2008 when the college left the university and merged with Hull College. In 2008 the university petitioned the Privy Council to be renamed Leeds Carnegie University, however, in 2009 a partnership with the University of North Florida was established to begin a student and faculty exchange programme. The university also has an agreement with Bradford College by which it validates degrees for the college, the proposed change resulted in a backlash among students. The Privy Council approved Leeds Metropolitan Universitys application to change its name to Leeds Beckett University in November 2013, the name change took place in September 2014. The former logos of Leeds Metropolitan University were retained after the name changed, despite the name change, the university is often referred to as the Met or the Poly by local people. The Carnegie name is commonly used by the university now but is still retained for the sporting faculty. This comprises a number of locations on the side of Leeds city centre. In addition to the former Polytechnic site, several buildings have recently been acquired. Two buildings on the site have been disposed of since becoming a university, a further tower block has been sold and is now a Premier Inn. The remaining largely 1960s buildings of the former polytechnic were reclad in the early 2010s, new high-rise student accommodation has been built around the City Campus and includes Opal Tower and the Sky Plaza. These are now the tallest buildings in the Northern half of the city centre, a 100-acre campus sited in Beckett Park, Headingley. The oldest property on site is the Grange, a 1752 farmhouse once occupied by John Marshall
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University of Leeds
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The University of Leeds is a redbrick university located in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, established in 1831. In 1904, a charter, created in 1903, was granted to the University of Leeds by King Edward VII. The Leeds University Business School hold the Triple Crown accreditations from AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS, the university has 31,790 students, the seventh largest university in the UK. From 2006 to present, the university has consistently ranked within the top 5 in the United Kingdom for the number of applications received. Leeds had an income of £634.9 million in 2015/16. The university has financial endowments of £67.7 million, ranking outside the top ten British universities by financial endowment, for 2016-17, Leeds is ranked nationally between 13th and 16th. Internationally, the university is ranked as the 32nd best in Europe, Leeds was ranked top three in the UK and top 20 in the world for graduate employability, also ranked as the 5th most targeted British university by the UKs top graduate employers in 2016-17. Leeds was ranked 10th in the UK for research power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, the best result in the Yorkshire, the university was named the 2017 Sunday Times University of the Year, having been runner-up in 2016. Notable alumni include former Secretary of State Jack Straw, former co-chairman of the Conservative Party Sayeeda Warsi, American actor Chris Pine, Piers Sellers and five Nobel laureates. The universitys history is linked to the development of Leeds as a centre for the textile industry. The universitys roots can be traced back to the formation of schools of medicine in English cities to serve the general public, prior to 1900, only five universities had been established in England and one in Wales. These consisted of the University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, University of London, Durham University, and the federal Victoria University, Owens College was the sole college of Victoria University from 1880 to 1884, in 1887 Yorkshire College was the third to join the university. In 1831, the Leeds School of Medicine was established with the aim of serving the needs of the five institutions which had been established in the city. In 1874, the Yorkshire College of Science was created to provide education for the children of middle-class industrialists and merchants, financial support from local industry was crucial in setting up the College and aiding the students. The university continues to recognise these elements of its history, for example, the religious qualification ceased in the 1850s but the classics-based education continued at Oxford and Cambridge. When classics, modern literature and history went on offer a few years later, in 1884, the Yorkshire College absorbed the Leeds School of Medicine and subsequently joined the federal Victoria University on 3 November 1887. Students in this period were awarded external degrees by the University of London, Leeds was given its first university in 1887 when the Yorkshire College joined the federal Victoria University on 3 November. The Victoria University had been established by charter in 1880
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Manchester Metropolitan University
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Manchester Metropolitan University is a public university located in Manchester, England. It was established in 1970 as Manchester Polytechnic and gained university status in 1992 and its headquarters and central campus are in the city of Manchester, and there are additional facilities in Cheshire. The university has its roots in the Manchester Mechanics Institution and the Manchester School of Design, Manchester Metropolitan University receives approximately 52,000 applications every year, making it the second most applied-to university in the UK after the University of Manchester. It is the fifth largest university in the UK in terms of student numbers, the university is home to the Manchester School of Art and the Manchester School of Theatre. The university developed from mergers of various colleges with various specialisms, including Technology, Art and Design, i. e. Manchester Mechanics Institution and Manchester School of Design. Later, Schools of Commerce, Education and Domestic Science were added along with colleges at Didsbury, Crewe, Alsager and the former Domestic and Trades College, latterly Hollings College. The painter L. S. Lowry attended Manchester School of Art in the years after the First World War where he was taught by the noted impressionist Adolphe Valette and it became Manchester Polytechnic in 1970. On 1 January 1977, the merged with the Didsbury College of Education and Hollings College. In 1987 the institution became a member of the Northern Consortium. Having previously been a local authority institution, the became a corporate body on 1 April 1989. It was granted university status as Manchester Metropolitan University by the Privy Council on 15 September 1992 under the provisions of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992, the university absorbed Crewe and Alsager College of Higher Education on 1 October 1992 and the Manchester School of Physiotherapy in 2004. Manchester School of Physiotherapy, The Manchester School of Physiotherapy was an education institution based in Manchester. It provided undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes within Physiotherapy and additionally offered NVQ level qualifications for unqualified Physiotherapy Support Workers, the School of Physiotherapy was affiliated to the Victoria University of Manchester and all degree level courses were validated and conferred by this institution. The School was officially formed in 1991, through the amalgamation of the Manchester Royal Infirmary, from these two institutions it can date its history back to 1911 and during the 1980s via its M. R. I. Routes, became the first NHS School of Physiotherapy to offer an undergraduate honours degree programme. The academic building consisted of two large raked lecture theatres, a number of rooms, a gymnasium, seminar rooms, a library, office facilities. In 2004 the Manchester School of Physiotherapy officially joined the Manchester Metropolitan University and it was at this point the last NHS School of Physiotherapy to join a UK higher education institution. It subsequently became the Department of Health Professions and is based at the Birley Fields Campus of MMU in Hulme
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University of Manchester
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The University of Manchester is a red brick university, a product of the civic university movement of the late-19th century. The main campus is south of Manchester city centre on Oxford Road, in 2015/16, the university had 39,700 students and 10,400 staff, making it the second largest university in the UK, and the largest single-site university. The university had an income of £987.2 million in 2015–16 and it has the third largest endowment of any university in England, after the universities of Cambridge and Oxford. It is a member of the worldwide Universities Research Association, the Russell Group of British research universities, the University of Manchester is ranked 29th in the world by QS World University Rankings 2016. In the 2015 Academic Ranking of World Universities, Manchester was ranked 35th in the world, the Global Employability University Ranking conducted by THE places Manchester at 27th worldwide and 10th in Europe, ahead of academic powerhouses such as Cornell, UPenn and LSE. It is ranked joint 55th in the world and 8th in the UK in the 2016 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, Manchester came fifth in terms of research power and seventeenth for grade point average quality when including specialist institutions. More students try to gain entry than to any university in the country. According to the 2015 High Fliers Report, Manchester is the most targeted university by the largest number of leading graduate employers in the UK. The university owns and operates major cultural assets such as the Manchester Museum, Whitworth Art Gallery, John Rylands Library and Jodrell Bank Observatory and its Grade I listed Lovell Telescope. The University of Manchester has 25 Nobel laureates among its past and present students and staff, four Nobel laureates are currently among its staff – more than any other British university. The University of Manchester traces its roots to the formation of the Mechanics Institute in 1824, the English chemist John Dalton, together with Manchester businessmen and industrialists, established the Mechanics Institute to ensure that workers could learn the basic principles of science. John Owens, a merchant, left a bequest of £96,942 in 1846 to found a college to educate men on non-sectarian lines. He also campaigned and helped fund the chair, the first applied science department in the north of England. He left the college the equivalent of £10 million in his will in 1876, Beyer funded the total cost of construction of the Beyer building to house the biology and geology departments. His will also funded Engineering chairs and the Beyer Professor of Applied mathematics, the university has a rich German heritage. The Owens College Extension Movement based their plans after a tour of mainly German universities, Manchester mill owner, Thomas Ashton, chairman of the extension movement had studied at Heidelberg University. Sir Henry Roscoe also studied at Heidelberg under Robert Bunsen and they collaborated for many years on research projects, Roscoe promoted the German style of research led teaching that became the role model for the redbrick universities. Charles Beyer studied at Dresden Academy Polytechnic, there were many Germans on the staff, including Carl Schorlemmer, Britains first chair in organic chemistry, and Arthur Schuster, professor of Physics
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University of Salford
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The University of Salford is a public research university in Salford, England,1.5 miles west of Manchester city centre. It has 20,520 students and is in 60 acres of parkland on the banks of the River Irwell, at the start of the 20th century, mechanical engineering, chemical works, textiles and construction dominated the industrial scene in Salford. This heavily influenced the choice of subjects offered in the nine departments initially opened and these were Engineering, Electrical Engineering & Applied Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Building, Dyeing, Spinning & Weaving, Domestic, and Art. Some 1,240 students registered for the first session in these departments, there were originally 19 members of staff. In 1921 the Institute was renamed the Royal Technical College, Salford, in 1958 the institution split into two organisations, the remaining Royal Technical College and a breakaway institution, Peel Park Technical College. This changed its name first in 1961 to Salford Technical College, before becoming the Salford College of Technology in 1970, the Royal Technical College became a CAT in 1956, and became known as the Royal College of Advanced Technology. The Royal College of Advanced Technology became the University of Salford on 10 February 1967 when Her Majesty The Queen handed over the institutions Royal Charter, the first Vice-Chancellor was Clifford Whitworth, after whom the universitys main library is named. The first chancellor was HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Philip took a keen interest in the university whilst in office which has continued since and he visited the universitys award-winning acoustics laboratories in 2008. In 1996 the breakaway University College Salford merged with the University of Salford, as has been pointed out by Campaign Against the Arms Trade, military drones come under this definition of autonomous systems, which the University of Liverpool calls a new and emerging sector. On 5 September 2015 Salford was represented for the time on University Challenge. A former president of the Students Union described Salford in 2007 as a relaxed campus close to Manchester, Salford Crescent railway station is adjacent to the campus, and high frequency bus services operate to Manchester, Salford and Bolton and Liverpool. There are other university facilities within a mile of the campus, namely the Frederick Road. Most of the university buildings are along Salford Crescent, opposite the Peel Campus. The Salford Museum and Art Gallery, said to be the first unconditionally free public library in England, is located on the Peel Park Campus. In October 2011 the university opened a learning, teaching and research space at MediaCityUK, over 1,500 students will have opportunities to work near media professionals using the latest industry specified equipment, studios and laboratories. They will study on 39 undergraduate and postgraduate programmes, the university embarked on a £150 million programme of investment in 2004, to deliver new buildings and carry out major refurbishment projects. These included, £22m Mary Seacole Building, opened in 2006, £10m Lady Hale Building for the Salford Law School which opened in February 2008. The whole building acts as its own night storage heating and cooling system thanks to a Termodeck system, in summer 2013 construction work started on the £55 million New Adelphi building, due to open in September 2016, housing music, performance, art, design and architecture students
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Sheffield Hallam University
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Sheffield Hallam University is a public university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The university is the eighth largest university in the UK with 31,485 students,4,494 staff and 708 courses, the day-to-day running was controlled by the local council, whilst the Board of Trade in London appointed the head. Tuition began in a 60x40ft rented room off Glossop Road, in 1850 the School of Design was renamed Sheffield School of Art. In 1905 the City of Sheffield Training College on Collegiate Crescent admitted its first 90 students, in 1967 the Owen Building was constructed. Built in a functional 1960s design, it has since been modernised, in 1969 the Sheffield School of Design merged with the citys College of Technology to form Sheffield Polytechnic. In 1976 Sheffield Polytechnic merged with the two teacher training colleges and was renamed Sheffield City Polytechnic. In 1987 Sheffield City Polytechnic became a member of the Northern Consortium. In 1992 Sheffield City Polytechnic became Sheffield Hallam University, with the right to award its own degrees, in 2005 SHU was reorganised into four faculties. The new Faculty of Development and Society, with an emphasis on people, places and spaces, brought together education, geography, humanities, law, and social sciences. At the same time, with the intention of developing research and teaching in the new Faculty of Health and Wellbeing. The building that had designed and constructed to house the National Centre for Popular Music became the universitys students union building. The Nelson Mandela Building, the students union building, was sold and has since been demolished. In 2007 SHU took over the teaching of nursing and midwifery from the University of Sheffield and these activities are now based at the Collegiate Crescent Campus. The following year the Psalter Lane campus was closed, and the transferred to the City Campus. The £26 million energy-efficient Furnival Building opened in September, the building, which includes teaching spaces and an art gallery has been described as the impressive new entry point to the campus. Winston has a history in academia, being a full-time faculty member at Imperial College London for the majority of his career. SHU is the partner for Higher Futures, the Lifelong Learning Network for South Yorkshire, North Derbyshire. SHU received a First Class award and was ranked 15th out of 151 universities in the People & Planet University League 2015 which assesses universities on their environmental credentials, nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed, Labour Party Peer
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University of Sheffield
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The University of Sheffield is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Sheffield is a multi-campus university predominantly over two areas, the Western Bank and the St Georges. The university is organised into five academic faculties composed of multiple departments, Sheffield was placed 84th worldwide by The QS World University Rankings 2016. In 2011, Sheffield was named University of the Year in the Times Higher Education awards, the Times Higher Education Student Experience Survey 2014 ranked the University of Sheffield 1st for student experience, social life, university facilities and accommodation, among other categories. There are seven Nobel Prize laureates amongst Sheffield academics, six of which are its alumni or former staff, the University of Sheffield was originally formed by the merger of three colleges. Firth College then helped to fund the opening of the Sheffield Technical School in 1884 to teach applied science, the only major faculty the existing colleges did not cover. The Sheffield Technical School was founded because of concern about the need for technical training, particularly steelmaking in Sheffield. The three institutions merged in 1897 to form the University College of Sheffield by Royal Charter, Sheffield was the only large city in England without a University. Steelworkers, coal miners, factory workers and the people of Sheffield donated over £50,000 in 1904 to help found the University of Sheffield and it was originally envisaged that the University College would join Manchester, Liverpool and Leeds as the fourth member of the federal Victoria University. In July 1905, Firth Court on Western Bank was opened by King Edward VII, St Georges Square remained the centre of departments of Applied Science, and the departments of Arts, Medicine and Science moved to Western Bank. Sheffield is one of the six red brick universities, the universities founded in the major industrial cities of England. In 1905, there were 114 full-time students, and the first Hall of Residence, the number of students increased to a short-lived peak of 1,000 in 1919. During the First World War, some of the subjects and courses were replaced by teaching of munitions making. Rather than from a centre, the university has expanded since the 1920s from two ends, the Firth Court on Western Bank and the Sir Frederick Mappin Building on the St Georges site. In 1943, the University Grants Committee announced that universities in the UK should look forward to expansion in the years after the Second World War, Sheffield predicted a 50% increase in student population but the university was unprepared for such growth. There was pressure on the university to expand since the student numbers had increased from around 1,000 to 3,000 by 1946, the university then grew slowly until the 1950s and 1960s when it began to expand rapidly. Many new buildings were built and older houses were brought into academic use, Student numbers increased to their present levels of just under 26,000. At the same time in the 1950s, the university was expanding at other sites, from the 1960s, many more buildings have been constructed or extended, including the Union of Students and St Georges Library
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I M Marsh Campus
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The IM Marsh Campus is a Liverpool John Moores University campus in south Liverpool. It is home to the School of Education, Leisure and Sport Studies, all the facilities are operated by Marsh Sports. The campus was founded in 1900 by Irene Mabel Marsh as a Physical Education Teacher Training college for Girls, the campus briefly became part of the University of Liverpool, then Liverpool Polytechnic, and eventually Liverpool John Moores University. Based in the suburb of Aigburth in south Liverpool approximately four miles from the city centre. Sold entire life on eBay in 2008, on 30 March 2011, LJMU announced their intention to sell the campus and relocate the faculty to the city centre. Street map and aerial photo of IM Marsh from Multimap Liverpool John Moores University website
