1.
Italy
–
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate. Due to its shape, it is referred to in Italy as lo Stivale. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state, the Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, Italian culture flourished at this time, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. The weakened sovereigns soon fell victim to conquest by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria. Despite being one of the victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil. The subsequent participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in defeat, economic destruction. Today, Italy has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and it has a very high level of human development and is ranked sixth in the world for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs, as a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to 51 World Heritage Sites, the most in the world, and is the fifth most visited country. The assumptions on the etymology of the name Italia are very numerous, according to one of the more common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú, meaning land of young cattle. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The name Italia originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy – according to Antiochus of Syracuse, but by his time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name Italia to a larger region, excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period, some 200,000 years ago, modern Humans arrived about 40,000 years ago. Other ancient Italian peoples of undetermined language families but of possible origins include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni. Also the Phoenicians established colonies on the coasts of Sardinia and Sicily, the Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world
2.
Italian design
–
Italian design refers to all forms of design in Italy, including interior design, urban design, fashion design and architectural design. Italy today still exerts a vast influence on design, industrial design and fashion design worldwide. The rest of Italy was characterized by fragmented political and geographical condition, after the Unification of Italy, despite the slow consolidation of the cotton industry and factories, you could not even talk about industrialization of the country prior to 1870-80. At the beginning of the century formed the first great Italian designers such as Vittorio Ducrot. Italy is a trendsetter, and has produced some of the greatest furniture designers in the world, such as Gio Ponti. Italian interior design in the 1900s was particularly well-known and grew to the heights of class, however, Italian art deco reached its pinnacle under Gio Ponti, who made his designs sophisticated, elegant, stylish and raffined, but also modern, exotic and creative. In 1926, a new style of furnishing emerged in Italy, known as Razionalismo, the most successful and famous of the Rationalists were the Gruppo 7, led by Luigi Figini, Gino Pollini and Giuseppe Terragni. There styles used tubular steel and was known as being plain and simple. After World War II, however, was the period in which Italy had a true avant-garde in interior design. Ever since the late 1970s and early 1980s, some equipment began to be logoed by notable Italian fashion houses, such as Prada, Versace, Armani, Gucci, the bookcase became huge a cultural icon and design event of the 1980s. Modern Italian design has changed the meaning of style and elegance, stunning examples are found in the ranges by Slide Designs, Belta Frajumar and Lumen Italia Center. Italian design is borne of smooth elegant lines with a purpose in mind. In addition to design, Italy has also set trends for industrial design with first protype of the light Luminator Bernocchi in 1928. The Moka pot, designed by Alfonso Bialetti, was a design upon its release in 1933. Olivetti is notable for its office and electronic equipment designs, most notably the Programma 101 computer, Italy also is very influential in car design, and has produced some of the greatest status symbols of the century. The automobile industry in the nation is a large employer in the country. Italy is the fifth largest automobile producer in Europe, over the ages, Italian cars have been recognized worldwide for their stylishness and practicality. Famous Italian cars include the Alfa Romeo converitbles of the 1950s, Italy is also home to world-renowned car design firms such as Pininfarina, Zagato, Italdesign, and Bertone
3.
Italian fashion
–
Italy is one of the leading countries in fashion design, alongside others such as France, United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Japan. Cities such as Palermo, Venice, Milan, Naples, Florence and Vicenza started to produce goods, hats, cosmetics, jewelry. Milan is generally considered to be one of the big four fashion capitals, along with New York City, Paris, and London, occasionally. Italian fashion can be connected to the most generalized concept of Made in Italy. Italian luxury goods are renowned for the quality of their own textiles. The non profit making association which disciplines, co-ordinates and promotes the development of Italian Fashion is the National Chamber of Italian Fashion and it was set up in 1958 in Rome and now is settled in Milan and represents all the highest cultural values of Italian Fashion. This association has pursued a policy of organisational support aimed at the knowledge, promotion and development of fashion through events with a highly intellectual image in Italy, a few Italian designers head some important fashion brands outside Italy. Among the newest labels or younger designers, the most prominent are Aquilano. Piccione, Andrea Pompilio, Fausto Puglisi, San Andres Milano, Francesco Scognamiglio, Vivetta and Alberto Zambelli. Italy also is home to fashion magazines, such as Vogue Italia, Vanity Fair, Elle, Glamour, Grazia, Amica, Flair. Italian fashion reached its peak during the Renaissance, until the 1970s, Italian fashion was mainly designed for the rich and famous, more or less like the French Haute Couture. Yet, in the 1970s and 80s, Italian fashion started to concentrate on ready-to-wear clothes, such as coats, jackets, trousers, shirts, jeans, jumpers and miniskirts. Today, Milan and Rome are Italys fashion capitals, and are international centres for fashion design, competing with other cities such as Tokyo, Los Angeles, London, Paris. Also, other such as Venice, Florence, Naples, Vicenza, Bologna, Genoa. The countrys main shopping districts are the Via Montenapoleone fashion district and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele, Via dei Condotti, and Via de Tornabuoni. Italian fashion is dominated by Milan, Rome, and to an extent, Florence. Nonetheless, there are other cities which play an important role in Italian fashion. In 2009, Milan was regarded as the fashion capital, even surpassing New York, Paris, Rome. In 2011, Milan was ranked #4, behind London, New York, international fashion labels also operate shops in Milan, including an Abercrombie & Fitch flagship store which has become a main consumer attraction
4.
Italian cuisine
–
Italian cuisine is the culinary typical or originating from Italy. It has developed through centuries of social and political changes, with roots stretching to antiquity, Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only four to eight ingredients. Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the rather than on elaborate preparation. Ingredients and dishes vary by region, many dishes that were once regional, however, have proliferated with variations throughout the country. Cheese and wine are a part of the cuisine, with many variations. Coffee, specifically espresso, has become important in Italian cuisine, Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries. Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, Italian food started to form after the fall of the Roman Empire, when different cities began to separate and form their own traditions. Many different types of bread and pasta were made, and there was a variation in cooking techniques and preparation. For example, the north of Italy is known for its risottos, the central/middle of the country is known for its tortellini, the first known Italian food writer was a Greek Sicilian named Archestratus from Syracuse in the 4th century BCE. He wrote a poem that spoke of using top quality and seasonal ingredients and he said that flavors should not be masked by spices, herbs or other seasonings. He placed importance on simple preparation of fish, simplicity was abandoned and replaced by a culture of gastronomy as the Roman Empire developed. By the time De re coquinaria was published in the 1st century CE, it contained 470 recipes calling for heavy use of spices, the Romans employed Greek bakers to produce breads and imported cheeses from Sicily as the Sicilians had a reputation as the best cheesemakers. The Romans reared goats for butchering, and grew artichokes and leeks, with culinary traditions from Rome and Athens, a cuisine developed in Sicily that some consider the first real Italian cuisine. Arabs invaded Sicily in the 9th century, introducing spinach, almonds, Normans also introduced casseroles, salt cod and stockfish, which remain popular. Food preservation was either chemical or physical, as refrigeration did not exist, meats and fish would be smoked, dried or kept on ice. Brine and salt were used to pickle items such as herring, root vegetables were preserved in brine after they had been parboiled. Other means of preservation included oil, vinegar or immersing meat in congealed, rendered fat, for preserving fruits, liquor, honey and sugar were used. The northern Italian regions show a mix of Germanic and Roman culture while the south reflects Arab influence, the oldest Italian book on cuisine is the 13th century Liber de coquina written in Naples
5.
Marcel Wanders
–
Marcel Wanders is a Dutch designer, and art director in the Powerhouse studio in Amsterdam, who designs architectural, interior and industrial projects. He became internationally known by his iconic Knotted Chair, born in Boxtel, Wanders graduated cum laude from the Hogeschool voor de Kunsten Institute of the Arts Arnhem in 1988 after being expelled from the Design Academy Eindhoven. In 1995 he opened his studio in Amsterdam, gaining attention in 1996 with his iconic Knotted Chair. In 2001 Wanders co-founded the successful design label Moooi. of which he is co-owner, in 2014 in Wanders works as product and interior designer and art director work in his Powerhouse studio with around 50 international design specialists. They have realized over 1700+ projects for clients and premium brands such as Alessi, Bisazza, KLM, Flos, Swarovski, Puma. Wanders received various prizes, including the Rotterdam Design Prize. He has lectured at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Limn, in July 2002 Business Week selected Marcel Wanders as one of Europe’s ’25 leaders of change’. Regarded by many as an anomaly in the world, Marcel has made it his mission to create an environment of love, live with passion. Interior projects have become important in Marcel’s work, embraced for their enveloping of people in multi-layered. In 2012, Marcel celebrated the launch of his boldest interior project to date, house in the city’s former public library, Andaz has been hailed as an experience akin to ‘Alice in Amsterdam, ’ a reference to the eponymous Lewis Carroll book, Alice in Wonderland. Many of Marcel Wanders designs have been selected for the most important design collections and exhibitions in the world, in 2006 he was elected International Designer of the Year by Elle Decoration. In addition, Marcel regularly presents at the Salone del Mobile in Milan, Marcel has been featured in numerous major design magazines including Domus, Interni, Blueprint, Design Report, Frame, I. D. Knotted Chair Egg Vase Snotty Vase V. I. P
6.
Alessi (Italian company)
–
Alessi is a housewares and kitchen utensil company in Italy, producing everyday items from plastic and metal, created by famous designers. Alessi was founded in 1921 by Giovanni Alessi, the firm began as a workshop in Valle Strona near Lake Orta in the Italian Alps near Switzerland. An area known for its tradition in making objects of wood or metal for in the house. Alessi started with producing a range of tableware items in nickel, chromium. The company’s intention was to produce hand-crafted items with the aid of machines, Design in the current sense of the term began when Carlo Alessi, son of Giovanni, was named chief designer. Carlo was trained as an industrial designer, between 1935 and 1945 he developed virtually all of the products Alessi produced. In 1945 he ascended to chief executive and designed the coffee service, in the 1950s the company was under the leadership of Carlo Alessi. It was his brother Ettore Alessi who introduced the collaboration with designers in 1955. With some architects, he designed a number of items which were created for the hotel needs, through his intervention caused many individual objects, which were best-sellers, such as the historical series of wire baskets. One of the key designs of this period is the shaker from 1957 by Luigi Massoni and this was designed in a series with an Ice bucket and Ice tongs as part of the Program 4 for the 11 triennale in Milan. This was the first time that the Alessi products got shown with manufactured goods, the 1950s were a difficult time to sell designer objects, as it was only a few years after World War II, and many people could not afford designer objects. In 1970 Alberto Alessi was responsible for the transformation of the company. Alessi was considered one of the Italian Design Factories, in this decade under the leadership of Alberto Alessi the company collaborated with some design maestros like Achille Castiglioni, Richard Sapper, Alessandro Mendini and Ettore Sottsass. In the 70s Alessi produced the Condiment set by Ettore Sottsass, the 1980s marked a period in which Italian design factories had to compete with mass production. Also in the 1980s, they changed their image from factory to industrial research lab, meaning that it is a place for research. For Alessi the 80s are marked with designs like the Two tone kettle by Sapper. In the 1990s Alessi started to work more with plastics, at the request of designers who found it a material to work with than metal, offering more design freedom. The 1990s were marked by the theme Family Follows Fiction with playful, artists designing for this theme included Stefano Giovannoni and Alessandro Mendini, who designed Fruit Mama and the bestseller Anna G
7.
Fashion
–
Fashion is a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear, accessories, makeup, body, or furniture. Fashion is a distinctive and often constant trend in the style in which a person dresses and it is the prevailing styles in behaviour and the newest creations of textile designers. Although aspects of fashion can be feminine or masculine, some trends are androgynous, early Western travelers, traveling whether to Persia, Turkey, India, or China, would frequently remark on the absence of change in fashion in the respective places. The Japanese Shoguns secretary bragged to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese clothing had not changed in over a thousand years, however, there is considerable evidence in Ming China of rapidly changing fashions in Chinese clothing. Changes in costume took place at times of economic or social change, as occurred in ancient Rome. In 8th-century Moorish Spain, the musician Ziryab introduced to Córdoba sophisticated clothing-styles based on seasonal and daily fashions from his native Baghdad, modified by his own inspiration. Similar changes in fashion occurred in the 11th century in the Middle East following the arrival of the Turks, who introduced clothing styles from Central Asia, the beginning in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in clothing styles can be fairly reliably dated. This created the distinctive Western outline of a tailored top worn over leggings or trousers, the pace of change accelerated considerably in the following century, and women and mens fashion, especially in the dressing and adorning of the hair, became equally complex. Art historians are able to use fashion with confidence and precision to date images, often to within five years. These national styles remained very different until a counter-movement in the 17th to 18th centuries imposed similar styles once again, in the 16th century, national differences were at their most pronounced. Ten 16th century portraits of German or Italian gentlemen may show ten entirely different hats, albrecht Dürer illustrated the differences in his actual contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century. Though textile colors and patterns changed from year to year, the cut of a gentlemans coat, by 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing alike, local variation became first a sign of provincial culture and later a badge of the conservative peasant. The Haute house was the established by government for the fashion houses that met the standards of industry. Since then, the idea of the designer as a celebrity in his or her own right has become increasingly dominant. The impact of unisex expands more broadly to various themes in fashion including androgyny, mass-market retail. Fashion weeks are held in cities, where designers exhibit their new clothing collections to audiences. Modern Westerners have a number of choices available in the selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear can reflect his or her personality or interests, when people who have high cultural status start to wear new or different clothes, a fashion trend may start
8.
Food
–
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, the substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organisms cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth. Historically, humans secured food through two methods, hunting and gathering and agriculture, today, the majority of the food energy required by the ever increasing population of the world is supplied by the food industry. They address issues such as sustainability, biological diversity, climate change, nutritional economics, population growth, water supply, most food has its origin in plants. Some food is obtained directly from plants, but even animals that are used as sources are raised by feeding them food derived from plants. Cereal grain is a food that provides more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop. Corn, wheat, and rice – in all of their varieties – account for 87% of all grain production worldwide, most of the grain that is produced worldwide is fed to livestock. Some foods not from animal or plant sources include various edible fungi, fungi and ambient bacteria are used in the preparation of fermented and pickled foods like leavened bread, alcoholic drinks, cheese, pickles, kombucha, and yogurt. Another example is blue-green algae such as Spirulina, inorganic substances such as salt, baking soda and cream of tartar are used to preserve or chemically alter an ingredient. Many plants and plant parts are eaten as food and around 2,000 plant species are cultivated for food, many of these plant species have several distinct cultivars. Seeds of plants are a source of food for animals, including humans, because they contain the nutrients necessary for the plants initial growth, including many healthful fats. In fact, the majority of food consumed by human beings are seed-based foods, edible seeds include cereals, legumes, and nuts. Oilseeds are often pressed to produce rich oils - sunflower, flaxseed, rapeseed, sesame, seeds are typically high in unsaturated fats and, in moderation, are considered a health food, although not all seeds are edible. Large seeds, such as those from a lemon, pose a choking hazard, fruits are the ripened ovaries of plants, including the seeds within. Many plants and animals have coevolved such that the fruits of the former are a food source to the latter. Fruits, therefore, make up a significant part of the diets of most cultures, some botanical fruits, such as tomatoes, pumpkins, and eggplants, are eaten as vegetables. Vegetables are a type of plant matter that is commonly eaten as food. These include root vegetables, bulbs, leaf vegetables, stem vegetables, animals are used as food either directly or indirectly by the products they produce
9.
Furniture
–
Furniture refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating, eating, and sleeping. Furniture is also used to hold objects at a convenient height for work, Furniture can be a product of design and is considered a form of decorative art. In addition to furnitures functional role, it can serve a symbolic or religious purpose and it can be made from many materials, including metal, plastic, and wood. Furniture can be using a variety of woodworking joints which often reflect the local culture. People have been using natural objects, such as stumps, rocks and moss. Archaeological research shows that from around 30,000 years ago, people began constructing and carving their own furniture, using wood, stone, early furniture from this period is known from artwork such as a Venus figurine found in Russia, depicting the goddess on a throne. The first surviving extant furniture is in the homes of Skara Brae in Scotland, complex construction techniques such as joinery began in the early dynastic period of ancient Egypt. This era saw constructed wooden pieces, including stools and tables, sometimes decorated with valuable metals or ivory. The evolution of furniture design continued in ancient Greece and ancient Rome, with thrones being commonplace as well as the klinai, multipurpose couches used for relaxing, eating, the furniture of the Middle Ages was usually heavy, oak, and ornamented. Furniture design expanded during the Italian Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth century, the seventeenth century, in both Southern and Northern Europe, was characterized by opulent, often gilded Baroque designs. The nineteenth century is defined by revival styles. The first three-quarters of the century are often seen as the march towards Modernism. One unique outgrowth of post-modern furniture design is a return to natural shapes and textures, the English word furniture is derived from the French word fourniture, the noun form of fournir, which means to supply or provide. Thus fourniture in French means supplies or provisions, the practice of using natural objects as rudimentary pieces of furniture likely dates to the beginning of human civilisation. Early humans are likely to have used tree stumps as seats, rocks as rudimentary tables, during the late palaeolithic or early neolithic period, from around 30,000 years ago, people began constructing and carving their own furniture, using wood, stone, and animal bones. The earliest evidence for the existence of constructed furniture is a Venus figurine found at the Gagarino site in Russia, a similar statue of a Mother Goddess was found in Catal Huyuk in Turkey, dating to between 6000 and 5500 BC. The inclusion of such a seat in the figurines implies that these were already common artefacts of that age, a range of unique stone furniture has been excavated in Skara Brae, a Neolithic village in Orkney, Scotland. Each house shows a degree of sophistication and was equipped with an extensive assortment of stone furniture, ranging from cupboards, dressers and beds to shelves, stone seats
10.
Mechanical engineering
–
Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies the principles of engineering, physics, and materials science for the design, analysis, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the design, production and it is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering disciplines. The mechanical engineering field requires an understanding of areas including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials science, structural analysis. Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century, however, Mechanical engineering science emerged in the 19th century as a result of developments in the field of physics. The field has evolved to incorporate advancements in technology, and mechanical engineers today are pursuing developments in such fields as composites, mechatronics. Mechanical engineers may work in the field of biomedical engineering, specifically with biomechanics, transport phenomena, biomechatronics, bionanotechnology. Mechanical engineering finds its application in the archives of various ancient, in ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes deeply influenced mechanics in the Western tradition and Heron of Alexandria created the first steam engine. In China, Zhang Heng improved a water clock and invented a seismometer, during the 7th to 15th century, the era called the Islamic Golden Age, there were remarkable contributions from Muslim inventors in the field of mechanical technology. Al-Jazari, who was one of them, wrote his famous Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices in 1206 and he is also considered to be the inventor of such mechanical devices which now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as the crankshaft and camshaft. Newton was reluctant to publish his methods and laws for years, gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is also credited with creating Calculus during the same time frame. On the European continent, Johann von Zimmermann founded the first factory for grinding machines in Chemnitz, education in mechanical engineering has historically been based on a strong foundation in mathematics and science. Degrees in mechanical engineering are offered at universities worldwide. In Spain, Portugal and most of South America, where neither B. Sc. nor B. Tech, programs have been adopted, the formal name for the degree is Mechanical Engineer, and the course work is based on five or six years of training. In Italy the course work is based on five years of education, and training, in Greece, the coursework is based on a five-year curriculum and the requirement of a Diploma Thesis, which upon completion a Diploma is awarded rather than a B. Sc. In Australia, mechanical engineering degrees are awarded as Bachelor of Engineering or similar nomenclature although there are a number of specialisations. The degree takes four years of study to achieve. To ensure quality in engineering degrees, Engineers Australia accredits engineering degrees awarded by Australian universities in accordance with the global Washington Accord, before the degree can be awarded, the student must complete at least 3 months of on the job work experience in an engineering firm. Similar systems are present in South Africa and are overseen by the Engineering Council of South Africa
11.
Car
–
A car is a wheeled, self-powered motor vehicle used for transportation and a product of the automotive industry. The year 1886 is regarded as the year of the modern car. In that year, German inventor Karl Benz built the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, cars did not become widely available until the early 20th century. One of the first cars that was accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the United States of America, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, cars are equipped with controls used for driving, parking, passenger comfort and safety, and controlling a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, examples include rear reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in car entertainment. Most cars in use in the 2010s are propelled by a combustion engine. Both fuels cause air pollution and are blamed for contributing to climate change. Vehicles using alternative fuels such as ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles and natural gas vehicles are also gaining popularity in some countries, electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, began to become commercially available in 2008. There are costs and benefits to car use, the costs of car usage include the cost of, acquiring the vehicle, interest payments, repairs and auto maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society of car use include, maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, health care, road traffic accidents are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide. The benefits may include transportation, mobility, independence. The ability for humans to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies and it was estimated in 2010 that the number of cars had risen to over 1 billion vehicles, up from the 500 million of 1986. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China, India, the word car is believed to originate from the Latin word carrus or carrum, or the Middle English word carre. In turn, these originated from the Gaulish word karros, the Gaulish language was a branch of the Brythoic language which also used the word Karr, the Brythonig language evolved into Welsh where Car llusg and car rhyfel still survive. It originally referred to any wheeled vehicle, such as a cart, carriage. Motor car is attested from 1895, and is the formal name for cars in British English. Autocar is a variant that is attested from 1895
12.
Industrial design
–
Industrial design is a process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through techniques of mass production. This distinguishes industrial design from craft-based design, where the form of the product is determined by the creator at the time of its creation. The role of a designer is to create and execute design solutions for problems of form, function, usability, physical ergonomics, marketing, brand development, sustainability. The division of labour that underlies the practice of design did have precedents in the pre-industrial era. The use of drawing to specify how something was to be constructed later was first developed by architects and shipwrights during the Italian Renaissance. The emergence of industrial design is linked to the growth of industrialisation and mechanisation that began with the industrial revolution in Great Britain in the mid 18th century. The first use of the industrial design is often attributed to the industrial designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919. Christopher Dresser is considered among the first independent industrial designers, Industrial designs origins lie in the industrialization of consumer products. The earliest use of the term may have been in The Art Union, the Practical Draughtsmans Book of Industrial Design by Jacques-Eugène Armengaud was printed in 1853. The subtitle of the work explains, that it wants to offer a course of mechanical, engineering. The study of those types of drawing, according to Armengaud. This work paved the way for a big expansion in the drawing education in France, the United Kingdom. Robert Lepper helped to establish one of the countrys first industrial design programs at Carnegie Institute of Technology. Product design and industrial design overlap in the fields of user interface design, information design, except for certain functional areas of overlap between industrial design and engineering design, educational programs in the U. S. Most industrial designers complete a design or related program at a school or university. Diplomas and degrees take two to four years of study, the study results in a Bachelor of Industrial Design, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Fine Arts. Afterwards, the programme can be extended to postgraduate degrees such as Master of Design, Master of Fine Arts. Industrial design studies function and form—and the connection between product, user, and environment, generally, industrial design professionals work in small scale design, rather than overall design of complex systems such as buildings or ships
13.
Machine
–
A machine is a tool containing one or more parts that uses energy to perform an intended action. Machines are usually powered by chemical, thermal, or electrical means, historically, a power tool also required moving parts to classify as a machine. However, the advent of electronics has led to the development of power tools without moving parts that are considered machines, a simple machine is a device that simply transforms the direction or magnitude of a force, but a large number of more complex machines exist. Examples include vehicles, electronic systems, molecular machines, computers, television, the word machine derives from the Latin word machina, which in turn derives from the Greek. The word mechanical comes from the same Greek roots, however, the Ancient Greeks probably have borrowed the word mekhane from the ancient Hebrews. The ancient Greeks were familiar with the Hebrew Scriptures and language, a wider meaning of fabric, structure is found in classical Latin, but not in Greek usage. This meaning is found in late medieval French, and is adopted from the French into English in the mid-16th century, in the 17th century, the word could also mean a scheme or plot, a meaning now expressed by the derived machination. The modern meaning develops out of specialized application of the term to stage engines used in theater and to siege engines. Simple Machines are commonly reckoned to be Six in Number, viz. the Ballance, Leaver, Pulley, Wheel, Wedge, compound Machines, or Engines, are innumerable. The word engine used as a synonym both by Harris and in later language derives ultimately from Latin ingenium ingenuity, an invention, perhaps the first example of a human made device designed to manage power is the hand axe, made by chipping flint to form a wedge. A wedge is a machine that transforms lateral force and movement of the tool into a transverse splitting force. The idea of a simple machine originated with the Greek philosopher Archimedes around the 3rd century BC, who studied the Archimedean simple machines, lever, pulley and he discovered the principle of mechanical advantage in the lever. Later Greek philosophers defined the five simple machines and were able to roughly calculate their mechanical advantage. Heron of Alexandria in his work Mechanics lists five mechanisms that can set a load in motion, lever, windlass, pulley, wedge, and screw, however the Greeks understanding was limited to statics and did not include dynamics or the concept of work. In 1586 Flemish engineer Simon Stevin derived the mechanical advantage of the inclined plane, the complete dynamic theory of simple machines was worked out by Italian scientist Galileo Galilei in 1600 in Le Meccaniche. He was the first to understand that simple machines do not create energy, the classic rules of sliding friction in machines were discovered by Leonardo da Vinci, but remained unpublished in his notebooks. They were rediscovered by Guillaume Amontons and were developed by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. The word mechanical refers to the work that has produced by machines or the machinery
14.
Shipbuilding
–
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels. It normally takes place in a facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history, Shipbuilding and ship repairs, both commercial and military, are referred to as naval engineering. The construction of boats is an activity called boat building. The dismantling of ships is called ship breaking, the ancestors of Australian Aborigines and New Guineans also went across the Lombok Strait to Sahul by boat over 50,000 years ago. Evidence from Ancient Egypt shows that the early Egyptians knew how to assemble planks of wood into a ship hull as early as 3000 BC, the Archaeological Institute of America reports that some of the oldest ships yet unearthed are known as the Abydos boats. These are a group of 14 ships discovered in Abydos that were constructed of wooden planks which were sewn together, the ship dating to 3000 BC was about 25 m,75 feet long and is now thought to perhaps have belonged to an earlier pharaoh. According to professor OConnor, the 5, 000-year-old ship may have belonged to Pharaoh Aha. Early Egyptians also knew how to assemble planks of wood with treenails to fasten them together, early Egyptians also knew how to fasten the planks of this ship together with mortise and tenon joints. The oldest known tidal dock in the world was built around 2500 BC during the Harappan civilisation at Lothal near the present day Mangrol harbour on the Gujarat coast in India, other ports were probably at Balakot and Dwarka. However, it is probable that many small-scale ports, and not massive ports, were used for the Harappan maritime trade, ships from the harbour at these ancient port cities established trade with Mesopotamia. Shipbuilding and boatmaking may have been prosperous industries in ancient India, native labourers may have manufactured the flotilla of boats used by Alexander the Great to navigate across the Hydaspes and even the Indus, under Nearchos. The Indians also exported teak for shipbuilding to ancient Persia, other references to Indian timber used for shipbuilding is noted in the works of Ibn Jubayr. The ships of Ancient Egypts Eighteenth Dynasty were typically about 25 meters in length and they mounted a single square sail on a yard, with an additional spar along the bottom of the sail. These ships could also be oar propelled, the ocean and sea going ships of Ancient Egypt were constructed with cedar wood, most likely hailing from Lebanon. The ships of Phoenicia seem to have been of a similar design, the naval history of China stems back to the Spring and Autumn period of the ancient Chinese Zhou Dynasty. The Chinese built large rectangular barges known as ships, which were essentially floating fortresses complete with multiple decks with guarded ramparts. There is considerable knowledge regarding shipbuilding and seafaring in the ancient Mediterranean and this was dually met with the introduction of the Han Dynasty junk ship design in the same century
15.
Italian language
–
By most measures, Italian, together with Sardinian, is the closest to Latin of the Romance languages. Italian is a language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City. Italian is spoken by minorities in places such as France, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Crimea and Tunisia and by large expatriate communities in the Americas. Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages, Italian is the fourth most studied language in the world. Italian is a major European language, being one of the languages of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. It is the third most widely spoken first language in the European Union with 65 million native speakers, including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries and on other continents, the total number of speakers is around 85 million. Italian is the working language of the Holy See, serving as the lingua franca in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and its influence is also widespread in the arts and in the luxury goods market. Italian has been reported as the fourth or fifth most frequently taught foreign language in the world, Italian was adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy, having previously been a literary language based on Tuscan as spoken mostly by the upper class of Florentine society. Its development was influenced by other Italian languages and to some minor extent. Its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian, unlike most other Romance languages, Italian retains Latins contrast between short and long consonants. As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive, however, Italian as a language used in Italy and some surrounding regions has a longer history. What would come to be thought of as Italian was first formalized in the early 14th century through the works of Tuscan writer Dante Alighieri, written in his native Florentine. Dante is still credited with standardizing the Italian language, and thus the dialect of Florence became the basis for what would become the language of Italy. Italian was also one of the recognised languages in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Italy has always had a dialect for each city, because the cities. Those dialects now have considerable variety, as Tuscan-derived Italian came to be used throughout Italy, features of local speech were naturally adopted, producing various versions of Regional Italian. Even in the case of Northern Italian languages, however, scholars are not to overstate the effects of outsiders on the natural indigenous developments of the languages
16.
Flag of Italy
–
The flag of Italy is a tricolour featuring three equally sized vertical pales of green, white and red, with the green at the hoist side. Its current form has been in use since 18 June 1946 and was adopted on 1 January 1948. The first entity to use the Italian tricolour was the Cisalpine Republic in 1797, a more religious interpretation is that the green represents hope, the white represents faith, and the red represents charity, this references the three theological virtues. The tricolour was used for the first time on November 13–14. The law students defined themselves as patriots and wore tricolour cockades to signal they were insipred by Jacobin revolutionary ideals, standard or flag of three colours, green, white, and red. The flag was maintained until 1802, when it was renamed the Napoleonic Italian Republic, and a new flag was adopted, in 1799, the independent Republic of Lucca came under French influence and adopted as its flag a horizontal tricolour with green uppermost, this lasted until 1801. In 1805 Napoleon installed his sister, Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi, as Princess of Lucca and this affair is commemorated in the opening of Leo Tolstoys War and Peace. In the same year, after Napoleon had crowned himself first French Emperor, the flag of the Kingdom of Italy was that of the Republic in rectangular form, charged with the golden Napoleonic eagle. This remained in use until the abdication of Napoleon in 1814, between 1848 and 1861, a sequence of events led to the independence and unification of Italy, this period of Italian history is known as the Risorgimento, or resurgence. During this period, the became the symbol which united all the efforts of the Italian people towards freedom. The Italian tricolour, defaced with the Savoyan coat of arms, was first adopted as war flag by the Kingdom of Sardinia–Piedmont army on 1848, in his Proclamation to the Lombard-Venetian people, Charles Albert said. In order to more clearly with exterior signs the commitment to Italian unification. Have the Savoy shield placed on the Italian tricolour flag, as the arms, blazoned gules a cross argent, mixed with the white of the flag, it was fimbriated azure, blue being the dynastic colour, although this does not conform to the heraldic rule of tincture. The rectangular civil and state variants were adopted in 1851 and it is worthy of note, however, that the arms bear the red-white-red flag of Austria, the opponent of Italian unification. This flag lasted from 3 April 1848 until 19 May 1849, the Provisional Government of Sicily, which lasted from 12 January 1848 to 15 May 1849, adopted the Italian tricolour, defaced with the trinacria, or triskelion. These lasted until 6 and 24 August 1849 respectively, in 1849, the new Roman Republic adopted an Italian tricolour, sent from Venice, bearing the legend DIO E POPOLO in red capital letters. This lasted for four months, while the Papal States of the Church was in abeyance, in 1860, the flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was again modified to the defaced Italian tricolour with the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies coat of arms. On 15 April 1861, the flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia was declared the flag of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy
17.
Tod's
–
Tods Group is an Italian company which produces luxury shoes and other leather goods, and is presided over by businessman Diego Della Valle. Dorino Della Valle started the business out of a basement in the late 1920s. Diego Della Valle, Dorinos elder son, expanded the workshop, Diego brought in innovative marketing strategies in the early 1980s, kept the handmade manufacturing process and went on to create brands of lifestyle named Tods, Hogan and Fay. Roger Vivier, maker of high luxury shoes was acquired in the mid-1990s, in 2003, Italian designer Bruno Frisoni was hired as Roger Viviers Creative Director. The Della Valle family, which owns a vast majority of the luxury maker also has stakes in RCS MediaGroup, all members of the family were born in the middle Italian region of Marche, and many of them continue to reside there. Tods has numerous stores around the world, including flagship stores in Europe, US, China, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia. In November 2015, Tod’s acquired further stock in the Roger Vivier shoe brand for €415 million and it had previously owned a 57. 5% stake, now up to 60. 7%
18.
Hong Kong
–
Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total area of 1,106 square kilometres. Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during World War II until British control resumed in 1945, under the principle of one country, two systems, Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China. Except in military defence and foreign affairs, Hong Kong maintains its independent executive, legislative, in addition, Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of appropriate fields. Hong Kong is one of the worlds most significant financial centres, with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the worlds most competitive and freest economic entity. As the worlds 8th largest trading entity, its legal tender, Hong Kongs tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by simple taxation with a competitive level of corporate tax and supported by its independent judiciary system. However, while Hong Kong has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world and it has a very high Human Development Index ranking and the worlds longest life expectancy. Over 90% of the population use of well-developed public transportation. Seasonal air pollution with origins from neighbouring areas of Mainland China. Hong Kong was officially recorded in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking to encompass the entirety of the island, before 1842, the name referred to a small inlet—now Aberdeen Harbour, literally means Little Hong Kong)—between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. Aberdeen was a point of contact between British sailors and local fishermen. Detailed and accurate romanisation systems for Cantonese were available and in use at the time, fragrance may refer to the sweet taste of the harbours fresh water estuarine influx of the Pearl River or to the incense from factories lining the coast of northern Kowloon. The incense was stored near Aberdeen Harbour for export before Hong Kong developed Victoria Harbour, the name had often been written as the single word Hongkong until the government adopted the current form in 1926. Nevertheless, a number of century-old institutions still retain the form, such as the Hongkong Post, Hongkong Electric. As of 1997, its name is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China. This is the title as mentioned in the Hong Kong Basic Law. Hong Kong has carried many nicknames, the most famous among those is the Pearl of the Orient, which reflected the impressive nightscape of the citys light decorations on the skyscrapers along both sides of the Victoria Harbour
19.
Illy
–
Illycaffè is an Italian coffee roasting company that specializes in the production of espresso. The company was founded by Francesco Illy in 1933 and was led and expanded by his son Ernesto Illy. Today, Andrea Illy is the Chairman, representing the generation of family leadership. As of 31 December 2015, the company has 1,177 employees,8. 6% more than 2014, the company is present in 140 countries. At the end of 2015, the companys revenues totaled $437.1 million, Illy produces one blend in three roast variations, those being normal, dark roast, and decaffeinated. In addition, illy offers Monoarabica, single-origin arabica beans from six different countries, Brazil, Guatemala, Ethiopia, Colombia, Costa Rica, seasonally, the company offers Idillyum, a low-caffeine arabica that is grown in the rich, volcanic soils of El Salvador. Illy coffee is packaged as whole beans, pre-ground coffee, Easy Serving Espresso pods, the history of illycaffè is inextricably linked to the lives of the companys founder, Francesco Illy, and his family. Born in Temesvár in Empire of Austria-Hungary, Francesco later went to Trieste, Italy, from the beginning, Francesco was interested in espresso coffee. In 1935, he invented the first automatic coffee machine which substituted compressed air for steam, the illetta, Francesco also devised a new packaging system for preserving coffee in which the cans were filled with inert gases instead of air pressurization. Illy coffee was exported outside the immediate Trieste area, and was eventually sold all over Italy. After the World War II, control of the passed to Ernesto Illy, the son of the founder. It was Ernesto, a scientist and researcher, who established cooperation agreements with universities and research centres, ernestos son Andrea Illy is currently the Chairman of the company, Andreas sister Anna Illy and brothers Francesco Illy and Riccardo Illy are on the board of directors. The illy brand of coffee is available in countries, though with significant price differences depending on import duty rates. Currently, illycaffè S. p. A. is an international company. The illy group is made up of companies located in North America, France, Germany, Spain. The group employs approximately 800 people throughout these six locations, since the end of the 1980s, illy has not purchased green coffee from the international commodity markets, but directly from the source. Illycaffè exclusively purchases coffee of the species, in particular from Brazil, the largest producer worldwide, but also from Colombia, India. Illys Università del caffè offers free training for growers, in Brazil, a nine-month program includes 360 hours of lectures
20.
Artemide
–
Artemide is a design-oriented Italian manufacturer founded by Ernesto Gismondi and Sergio Mazza in 1960. Based in Pregnana Milanese, a suburb of Milan, the company specialises in the manufacture of lighting designed by designers and architects. The company is known for the Tizio desk lamp designed by Richard Sapper in 1972, the company has won accolades, including the Compasso dOro award for lifetime achievement in 1995 and the European Design Prize in 1997. In 2006 Artemide won two Best of The Best Red dot design awards for lamps designed by designer Neil Poulton, in 2013 Artemide won the IF Product Design Award for the lamp Cata designed by light designer Carlotta de Bevilacqua. List of Italian companies artemide. com, official Artemide website
21.
Ferrari F12
–
The Ferrari F12berlinetta is a front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive grand tourer produced by Italian sports car manufacturer Ferrari. The F12berlinetta, debuted at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show, replaces the 599 series grand tourers. The naturally aspirated 6.3 litre Ferrari V12 engine in the F12berlinetta has won the International Engine of the Year Awards 2013 in the Best Performance category, the F12berlinetta was named The Supercar of the Year 2012 by car magazine Top Gear. In 2014 it was awarded the XXIII Premio Compasso doro ADI, accepting the award was Ferrari’s Senior Vice President of Design, Flavio Manzoni. The F12berlinetta uses a 6,262 cc, naturally aspirated 65° V12 engine of the Ferrari F140 engine family. This allows the F12berlinetta to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in an officially reported 3.1 seconds,0 to 200 km/h in 8.5 seconds and a top speed of 211 mph. The engine of the F12berlinetta has been designed to be more efficient than that of the 599, the engine management system is fitted with Ferraris HELE start-stop system to reduce fuel consumption when idling. Ferrari reports that the F12berlinetta can achieve 18 mpg‑imp – a 30% improvement over the 599 –, compared to similar models, the F12berlinetta uses shortened gear ratios to match the power of the engine. The F12berlinetta is built around a space frame chassis co-developed with Scaglietti. The chassis is made up of 12 different aluminium alloys and improves structural rigidity by 20% over the 599, the centre of gravity has been lowered by around 25 mm. The F12berlinettas weight distribution is 48% front, 52% rear, the cars stability and traction control, suspension and other settings are controlled by the Manettino dial mounted on the steering wheel. The F12berlinetta is fitted with Michelin Pilot Super Sport tyres, with the tyre codes 255/35 ZR20 at the front, the F12berlinetta makes use of aerodynamic techniques based on Ferraris 599XX and Formula One programmes, developed with wind tunnel and CFD testing. A notable feature is the Aero Bridge, an air channel running from the bonnet, through the flanks and along the sides of the vehicle, creating an effect that increases downforce. Another feature is Active Brake Cooling ducts, which open to cooling air only when the brakes are hot. The F12berlinetta produces 123 kg of downforce at 200 km/h – an increase of 76% over the 599 GTB – and has a coefficient of 0.299. Ferrari F12berlinetta has a power to weight ratio of 2.06 kg per horsepower, the body of the F12berlinetta is designed by the Ferrari Styling Centre and Pininfarina, and shares some styling elements with other recent Ferrari models. This includes a front grille similar to the FF and headlights shared with the FF and 458 Italia, the interior, based on the FF, features new Frau leather upholstery with aluminium, Alutex, and carbon fibre trim, and has increased luggage space compared to the 599. The body computer system is developed by Magneti Marelli Automotive Lighting, Ferrari revealed a lightweight, track-focused version of the F12berlinetta in October 2015
22.
Ferrari
–
Ferrari N. V. is an Italian sports car manufacturer based in Maranello. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1939 as Auto Avio Costruzioni, the company built its first car in 1940, however the companys inception as an auto manufacturer is usually recognized in 1947, when the first Ferrari-badged car was completed. Ferrari is the worlds most powerful according to Brand Finance. In May 2012 the 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO became the most expensive car in history, Fiat S. p. A. acquired 50 percent of Ferrari in 1969 and expanded its stake to 90 percent in 1988. In October 2014 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles announced its intentions to separate Ferrari S. p. A. from FCA, through the remaining steps of the separation, FCAs interest in Ferraris business was distributed to shareholders of FCA, with 10 percent continuing to be owned by Piero Ferrari. The spin-off was completed on 3 January 2016, Ferrari road cars are generally seen as a symbol of speed, luxury and wealth. Enzo Ferrari was not initially interested in the idea of producing road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari in 1929, Scuderia Ferrari literally means Ferrari Stable and is usually used to mean Team Ferrari. Ferrari bought, prepared and fielded Alfa Romeo racing cars for gentlemen drivers, in September 1939 Enzo Ferrari left Alfa Romeo under the provision that he would not use the Ferrari name in association with races or racing cars for at least four years. A few days later he founded Auto Avio Costruzioni, headquartered in the facilities of the old Scuderia Ferrari, the new company ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories. In 1940 Ferrari did in fact produce a race car – the Tipo 815 and it was the first Ferrari car and debuted at the 1940 Mille Miglia, but due to World War II it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since, the factory was bombed by the Allies and subsequently rebuilt including a works for road car production. The first Ferrari-badged car was the 1947125 S, powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine, Enzo Ferrari reluctantly built, the Scuderia Ferrari name was resurrected to denote the factory racing cars and distinguish them from those fielded by customer teams. In 1960 the company was restructured as a corporation under the name SEFAC S. p. A. Early in 1969, Fiat took a 50 percent stake in Ferrari, new model investment further up in the Ferrari range also received a boost. In 1988, Enzo Ferrari oversaw the launch of the Ferrari F40, the last new Ferrari to be launched before his death later that year, in 1989 the company was renamed as Ferrari S. p. A. From 2002 to 2004, Ferrari produced the Enzo, their fastest model at the time and it was to be called the F60, continuing on from the F40 and F50, but Ferrari was so pleased with it, they called it the Enzo instead. It was initially offered to loyal and reoccurring customers, each of the 399 made had a tag of $650,000 apiece. On 15 September 2012,964 Ferrari cars (worth over $162 million attended the Ferrari Driving Days event at Silverstone Circuit, on 29 October 2014, the FCA group, resulting from the merger between manufacturers Fiat and Chrysler, announced the split of its luxury brand, Ferrari
23.
Nutella
–
Nutella is a brand of sweetened hazelnut cocoa spread manufactured by the Italian company Ferrero that was first introduced in 1964, although its first iteration dates to 1946. Pietro Ferrero, who owned a bakery in Alba, Piedmont, at the time, there was very little chocolate because cocoa was in short supply due to World War II rationing. Ferrero instead used hazelnuts, which are plentiful in the Piedmont region of Italy and this product, called Pasta Gianduja was originally sold as a solid block, but Ferrero started to sell a creamy version in 1951 as Supercrema. In 1963, Ferreros son Michele Ferrero revamped Supercrema with the intention of marketing it throughout Europe and its composition was modified and it was renamed Nutella. The first jar of Nutella left the factory in Alba on 20 April 1964, the product was an instant success and remains widely popular. In 2012, French senator Yves Daudigny proposed a tax increase on oil from €100 to €400 per metric tonne. At 20 percent, palm oil is one of Nutellas main ingredients, World Nutella Day is February 5. On 14 May 2014, Poste italiane issued a 50th anniversary Nutella commemorative stamp, the 70 Euro cent stamp was designed by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato and features a jar of Nutella on a golden background. Ferrero held a Nutella Day on 17 and 18 May to celebrate the anniversary, the main ingredients of Nutella are sugar, palm oil, and hazelnut, followed by cocoa solids and skimmed milk. In the United States, Nutella contains soy products, Nutella is marketed as hazelnut cream in many countries. Under Italian law, it cannot be labeled as a chocolate cream, Ferrero uses 25 percent of the global supply of hazelnuts. The traditional Piedmont recipe, Gianduja, was a mixture containing approximately 71. 5% hazelnut paste and 19. 5% chocolate and it was developed in Piedmont, Italy after taxes on cocoa beans hindered the manufacture and distribution of conventional chocolate. Nutella is produced in various facilities, in the North American market, it is produced at a plant in Brantford, Ontario in Canada and more recently in San José Iturbide, Guanajuato, Mexico. For Australia and New Zealand, Nutella has been manufactured in Lithgow, two of the four Ferrero plants in Italy produce Nutella, in Alba, Piedmont, and in SantAngelo dei Lombardi in Campania. In France, a facility is located in Villers-Écalles. For Eastern Europe and South Africa, it is produced in Warsaw, for Germany and northern Europe, Nutella is produced at the Ferrero plant in Stadtallendorf, which has been in existence since 1956. Ferrero also has a plant in Brazil, which supplies the Brazilian market, global production in 2013 was about 350,000 tonnes. Nutella is a form of a chocolate spread, therefore, the production process for this food item is very similar to a generic production of chocolate spread
24.
Barilla Group
–
Barilla S. p. A. is an Italian food company. The company was founded in 1877 as a shop in Parma. Barilla group controls Barilla, Mulino Bianco, Pavesi, Voiello, Alixir and Academia Barilla, Wasabröd, Misko, Filiz, Yemina and Vesta trademarks. The group produces many kinds of pasta, and is the worlds leading pasta maker with 40-45% of the Italian market and it produces pasta in over 120 shapes and sizes. Barilla brand pasta is sold in numerous restaurants worldwide, such as belonging to the Pastamania chain. It is also the leading seller of bakery products in Italy, through its acquisition of the Swedish company Wasa, it is the worlds leading producer of flatbread, selling 60,000 tons annually. Barilla Group has several production plants all over the world, in Italy, Greece, France, Germany, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, the United States, the company also operates mills in Italy, Greece, Sweden, Turkey, and the US. Barillas Italian production facilities are located at Parma, Foggia, Marcianise, Castiglione delle Stiviere, Cremona, Melfi, Rubbiano, Novara and its plant in Greece is the third largest in Europe. The plant where the pasta was made is noted on the packaging by a code letter, the wheat used to make the final product is purchased from around the world. The pasta sold in the United States is made in the US in Iowa and New York and our family is a traditional family. If gays like our pasta and our advertisings, they will eat our pasta, if they dont like that and you cant always please everyone not to displease anyone. The women are crucial in this and he also stated that, while he has respect for gay marriage, I have no respect for adoption by gay families because this concerns a person who is not able to choose. Soon after the comments were made, many took to Twitter. Guido later apologized by saying, I apologize if my words generated misunderstandings or arguments, in the interview I simply wished to underline the central role the woman plays within the family. American organization Human Rights Campaign gave the company a top score in their 2015 Corporate Equality Index which rates employers who are LGBT-friendly, the company has sponsored the Italian national basketball team on several occasions, as well as the Italian race car driver Alex Zanardi
25.
Benetton Group
–
Benetton Group S. r. l. is a global fashion brand, based in Ponzano Veneto, Italy. The name comes from the Benetton family who founded the company in 1965, Benetton has a network of about 5,000 stores in the main international markets. In 1963, Luciano Benetton, the oldest of four children, was a 30-year-old salesman in Treviso and he saw a market for colourful clothes, and sold a younger brothers bicycle in order to buy his first second-hand knitting machine. In 1965, the entity known as the Benetton Group was formed, the companys core business remains their clothing lines, United Colors of Benetton, and Sisley. The Group has a network of about 5,000 stores around the world, the company is known for sponsorship of a number of sports, and for the provocative and original United Colors publicity campaign. The latter originated when photographer Oliviero Toscani was given carte blanche by the Benetton management, under Toscanis direction, ads were created that contained striking images unrelated to any actual products being sold by the company. These graphic, billboard-sized ads included depictions of a variety of shocking subjects, others included a bloodied, unwashed newborn baby with umbilical cord still attached, which was highly controversial. Most of the advertisements, although not all, had a white background. In autumn 2011, Benetton launched its new communication campaign, an invitation to the leaders and citizens of the world to combat the culture of hatred. This campaign was created as the corporate social responsibility strategy. The Benetton Group “seeks to contribute to the creation of a new culture against hate”, benetton’s Fabrica research centre partnered up with 72andSunny to create the UNHATE poster series. 72andSunny adds “United Colors of Benetton returns to the conversation with a simple and powerful message of tolerance. Hate and love are often in a delicate and unstable balance and this campaign promotes a shift in the balance”. However, these posters of the political and religious figures have sparked controversy. In addition, Benetton released an advertisement that displayed President Barack Obama of the United States, Benetton responded, We reiterate that the meaning of this campaign is exclusively to combat the culture of hatred in all its forms, said a Benetton Group spokesman. We are therefore sorry that the use of the image of the Pope, in corroboration of our intentions, we have decided, with immediate effect, to withdraw this image from every publication. Benetton Group entered Formula One as a sponsor of Tyrrell in 1983, then Alfa Romeo in 1984, Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the end of 1985 when the Toleman and Spirit teams were sold to the Benetton family. The team saw its greatest success under Flavio Briatore, who managed the team from 1990 to 1997, michael Schumacher won his first Drivers Championships with the team in 1994 and 1995, and the team won their only Constructors title in 1995
26.
Ferrero SpA
–
Ferrero SpA is an Italian manufacturer of branded chocolate and confectionery products and it is the third biggest chocolate producer and confectionery company in the world. The company saw a period of growth and success under Pietros son Michele Ferrero. His son Pietro, who oversaw global business, died on April 18,2011, in a cycling accident in South Africa at the age of 47. The Ferrero Group worldwide – now headed by CEO Giovanni Ferrero – includes 38 trading companies,18 factories, Ferrero International SAs headquarters is in Luxembourg. Ferrero SpA is a company owned by the Ferrero family and has been described as one of the worlds most secretive firms. Reputation Institutes 2009 survey ranks Ferrero as the most reputable company in the world, the recently announced financial results for 2015/2016 show a +8. 2% increment from the previous year. In 1946, Pietro Ferrero invented a cream of hazelnuts and cocoa, derived from Gianduja and called it Giandujot, the initial product came in solid loaves wrapped in aluminium foil, which had to be sliced with a knife, and was succeeded by a spreadable version Supercrema. With assistance from his brother Giovanni Ferrero, Pietro Ferrero created his new company to produce, following his work, Pietro was succeeded by his son Michele Ferrero as chief executive. Michele and his wife Maria Franca relaunched his fathers recipe as Nutella, after World War II, they opened production sites and offices abroad and Nutella eventually became the worlds leading chocolate-nut spread brand. Ferrero is the worlds largest consumer of hazelnuts, buying up 25% of global production in 2014, the company is currently run by Giovanni Ferrero, grandson of Pietro and son to Michele Ferrero. The company places emphasis on secrecy, reportedly to guard against industrial espionage. It has never held a conference and does not allow media visits to its plants. Ferreros products are made with machines designed by an engineering department. Ferrero produces several lines of goods under various brand names, as well as the chocolate-hazelnut spread. The company has produced Nutella since 1964, the production of Nutella uses one-quarter of the worlds annual hazelnut supply. In 2014, Ferrero acquired Oltan Group, the largest hazelnut supplier in the world. Ferreros Kinder brand line of products include Kinder Surprise, Kinder Joy, Kinder Chocolate, Kinder Happy Hippo, Kinder Maxi, Kinder Duplo, Kinder Country, Kinder Délice. Ferrero has been producing Thorntons products since the company acquired the British chocolate retailer in June 2015 for £112 million, the company also produces Tic Tac candy, available in mint, cinnamon, and fruit flavors, along with sugar free versions
27.
Indesit Company
–
Indesit Company is an Italian company based in Fabriano, Ancona province. It is one of the leading European manufacturers and distributors of domestic appliances. It claims to be the leader in major markets such as Italy. Founded in 1975 and listed on the Milan stock exchange since 1987 and it has eight industrial areas and 16,000 employees. The Group’s main brands are Indesit, Hotpoint and Scholtès, founded in 1975 as Merloni Elettrodomestici SpA by Vittorio Merloni, as a spin-off from Industrie Merloni. Merloni Elettrodomestici bought Indesit in 1987 and it was renamed Indesit Company S. p. A in 2005 after a company it acquired in 1987. In the 1980s, with other Italian companies having been taken over by foreign appliance manufacturers, from 1981 the company went through a period of crisis, which ended in 1984, when Vittorio Merloni, having concluded his presidency of Confindustria, returned to managing Indesit. Profits and revenues of the company grew, and this led the Merloni family to decide in 1986 in favor of the entry into the stock market. In 1988, Merloni, under the Ariston and Indesit brands, had a turnover of 1.059 billion dollars, the following year, it acquired and absorbed the French company Scholtès. In 1990, Merloni capital entered Marcegaglia, its supplier of steel tubes, in the same year the Company had approximately 6,000 employees in various establishments including France, Portugal and Russia. In 1994, Merloni had a turnover of 1,920 billion lire with a share of 10% in Europe. In 1999, through Fineldo, the holding of Merloni family, acquired Panini, in 2000, Indesit took over the entire capital of Philco and acquired Stinol, the first Russian producer of household appliances. The Company of Fabriano in 2002 entered the electronics industry with the purchase of Sinudyne. In 2005, Indesit Company closes its French industrial site in Thionville, in February 2005, Merloni Elettrodomestici was renamed Indesit Company, Indesit is the best known of the Group’s brands outside Italy. At the beginning of 2007, Indesit Company launched the Group’s new brand architecture, on 31 July 2009 the Indesit closed its plant at Kinmel Park, Bodelwyddan Denbighshire, Wales, UK. The company blamed continuing decline in the market, andrea Merloni from 2010 succeeded his father Vittorio to lead the Company as the new Chairman. In May 2011, the company signed deals with Arsenal Football Club. In October 2012, Indesit signed a agreement with Waterlogic for advanced water purification devices
28.
Luxottica
–
Luxottica Group S. p. A. is an Italian eyewear company. Based in Milan, Italy, it is the worlds largest eyewear company. com and its best known brands are Ray-Ban, Persol, and Oakley. Leonardo Del Vecchio started the company in 1961, in Agordo north of Belluno, Italy, Del Vecchio began his career as the apprentice to a tool and die maker in Milan, but decided to turn his metalworking skills to making spectacle parts. So in 1961, he moved to Agordo in the province of Belluno, the new company was Luxottica s. a. s. a limited partnership with Del Vecchio as one of the founding partners. In 1967, he started selling complete eyeglass frames under the Luxottica brand, convinced of the need for vertical integration, in 1974, he acquired Scarrone, a distribution company. In 1981 the company set up its first international subsidiary, in Germany, the first of many licensing deals with a designer was struck with Armani, in 1988. The company listed in New York in 1990, and in Milan in December 2000, Luxottica later increased its presence in the retail sector by acquiring Sydney-based OPSM in 2003, Pearle Vision and Cole National in 2004. Luxottica acquired Oakley in November 2007 for US$2.1 billion, in August 2011 Luxoticca acquired Erroca for €20 million. In March 2014, it was announced that Luxottica would partner with Google on the development of Google Glass, on the 1st September 2014, a new organizational structure was announced, composed of two co-CEOs, one focusing on market development and the other overseeing corporate functions. After the exit of former CEO Andrea Guerra, Enrico Cavatorta was appointed CEO of Corporate Function, Enrico Cavatorta left the company 40 days after being appointed CEO. In 2016, it was reported that Luxottica had lost its chief executive in a year. In January 2017, the agreed on a €46 billion merger with Essilor. The deal will help to offer a succession plan for Leonardo Del Vecchio. Luxotticas two main product offerings are sunglasses and prescription frames, the company operates in two sectors, manufacturing & wholesale distribution, and retail distribution. Luxottica Retail has more than 7,200 retail locations in the United States, Latin America, Canada, China, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, the headquarters of the retail division is in Mason, Ohio, United States. These three programs were founded in 1988, Luxottica came to a decision to unite all three charitable programs into one global foundation and called it One Sight. Luxottica also owns EyeMed Vision Care, a vision care organization in the United States. As of 2014, it is the second largest vision benefits company in the United States, the company has been criticised for the high price of its brand-name glasses, such as Ray-Ban, Oakley, and several others
29.
Armani
–
The brand utilizes the association of the Armani name with high-fashion, benefiting from its prestige in the fashion industry. By the end of 2005, estimated sales of the company were around $1.69 billion, Armani is the fastest growing fashion brand. The company already operates a range of cafés worldwide, in addition to a bar, Giorgio Armani is a high-end label specializing in mens and womens ready-to-wear, accessories, glasses, cosmetics, and perfumes. It is available only in Giorgio Armani boutiques, specialty clothiers, the logo is a curved G completing a curved A, forming a circle. According to WSJ and other reporters, in addition to couture line Armani Privé, Giorgio Armani. In addition, selling at lower prices are Armani Collezioni, Armani Exchange, Emporio Armani is the second brand of Armani family, features ready-to-wear and runway collections. Emporio Armani focuses on trends and modern traits, Emporio Armani usually only sold in freestanding Emporio Armani boutiques and its official website. Dj Ruru starred in four Emporio Armani underwear campaigns from Spring/Summer 2008 to Fall/Winter 2009-2010, beckham appeared with his wife, former Spice Girl and fashion designer Victoria, in the campaigns twice in 2009. All campaigns were photographed by Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott, in January 2010, football star Cristiano Ronaldo and Hollywood movie star Megan Fox became the male and female face and body of Emporio Armani. In 2011 Megan Fox was replaced with Rihanna and Ronaldo was replaced by tennis athlete Rafael Nadal, Emporio Armani has teamed up with Reebok to create fashion shoes under the label EA7. Armani Collezioni is the line of Giorgio Armani that retails at a lower price and is less exclusive than Giorgio Armani, Emporio Armani. The logo is usually displayed black written on a white label, Armani being larger and Collezioni underneath it. It provides made-to-measure tailored suits and shirts where every element can be chosen, last year, a sporty line of this label has appeared named Armani Collezioni Active in the same way as the EA7 line from Emporio Armani line. Armani Jeans is a collection of denim-related clothing, created in 1981. Armani Jeans is mainly sold in department stores, although there are many freestanding Armani Jeans stores in the world, some Armani Jeans items are sold in Emporio Armani Stores. This line does not feature Giorgio Armanis signature simplicity, the colors used are more diverse than those found in his higher end lines. Brazilian Midfielder Kaka was signed to endorse the jeans, A|X Armani Exchange was launched in 1991 in the U. S. It retails fashion and lifestyle products and is known for its occasionally provocative ad campaigns, inspired by street-chic culture and dance music, it is targeted as the more accessible Armani brand
30.
Bontoni
–
Bontoni is a third-generation Italian family company that produces a very exclusive line of bespoke and ready-made mens dress shoes. The company produces fewer than 12 pairs a day, the company is renowned for its hand colored leathers and high level of hand craftsmanship. Bontonis bottega, or workshop, is located in the Marche region of Italy and it takes about twelve weeks to complete a pair of ready-made shoes and ten months for a custom pair. Bontonis ready-made collection is available at a number of exclusive clothiers throughout the world. Bontonis U. S. retailers include Bergdorf Goodman, Wilkes Bashford, Neiman Marcus, Richards, Marios, new York Times, Inside Bontonis Basement of Cobblers Monocle Magazine, Sure Footed Bontoni Official Website Bontoni Instagram Bontoni Facebook Bontoni Twitter List of Italian companies
31.
Bottega Veneta
–
Bottega Veneta is an Italian luxury goods and high fashion brand house best known for its leather goods which are sold worldwide and its mens and womens ready-to-wear. In 2001, Bottega Veneta was purchased by Gucci Group, and is now a part of the French multinational group Kering, in September 2016, it was announced that Claus-Dietrich Lahrs would be named CEO, replacing Carlo Beretta. Bottega Veneta was established in 1966 in Vicenza, Italy by entrepreneurs Michele Taddei, Michele Taddei was then married to Laura Braggion who developed the company alongside him. Years later, after Michele Taddei would leave and Vittorio and Laura Moltedo took over the brand, the company which is born from the name was Venetian Shop in Italian was founded with the producing of artisanal leather goods. In the 1970s, the company began advertising with the tag line “When your own initials are enough, by the early 1980s, Bottega Veneta was a favorite of the international jet set, with clients including Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and the empress Farah Pahlavi. Andy Warhol made a film for the company in 1980. Zengiaro and Taddei retired from the company in the 1990s, during the 1980s, Bottega Veneta’s fortunes began to decline. In a miscue, the changed its image and began emblazoning a BV logo on its products. In February 2001, the company was acquired by Gucci Group for $156 million. Tom Ford, then Gucci Groups Creative Director, hired Tomas Maier, after receiving total creative control from product and store design to advertising, Tomas Maier set about returning the brand to its original identity. He removed visible logos from the products, highlighted the signature intrecciato weave. Vogue described the change of image as an example of “stealth wealth. ”Bottega Veneta presented its first women’s ready-to-wear runway show in February 2005. In April 2006, the company launched its first jewelry line and branched out into interiors, in September 2016, the Bottega Veneta celebrated its 50-year anniversary as a company at its annual fashion show at the Brera Academy in Milan. The event also celebrated Tomas Maiers 15th year as creative director, Bottega Veneta collaborates with notable photographers on its advertising campaigns such as, in the companys Art of Collaboration series, Jürgen Teller, Robert Longo, and Nan Goldin. In 2012, Bottega Veneta published its first book to celebrate its history, the book is the result of a collaborative effort between Maier himself, book designer Sam Shahid, and others in fashion journalism. The book discusses the production of Bottega Venetas luxury goods and features their signature intrecciato weave design. A second book detailing the Art of Collaboration project was published in October 2015, in 2013, Bottega Veneta inaugurated its new atelier in Montebello Vicentino. The complex, restored and constructed with an eye to LEED guidelines, was overseen by Maier, Maier has said that keeping Bottega Venetas operations in Vicenza is essential to maintaining the traditions and ideals of the brand
32.
Breil (company)
–
Breil is an Italian luxury company of Binda Group, their products are watches, jewels, eyewear, fragrances, leather accessories. This brand started in Milan in 1939, in 1942 the first Breil wristwatch was introduced, the name is from a Swiss place. Initially, the made a line of alarm clocks and a few years later. In 2001, Breil launched steel jewelry, in 2009, the company made the Bloom collection, the first range of jewels that can be worn together. In 2012, Breil launched the Infinity collection, jewels made are rings, bracelets, necklaces, earrings, and accessories. In 2006, started production of fragrances, in 2007, started production of frames for eyeglasses
33.
Brioni (brand)
–
Brioni is an Italian menswear couture house owned by French holding company Kering. Founded in Rome in 1945, it is known for its made-to-measure mens suits, sartorial ready-to-wear collections, throughout its history, the company has invented concepts such as the mens runway show, the trunk show, and the ready-to-wear Haute Couture. It has been a point of reference for the entertainment, institutional and its Creative Director from July 2012 to February 2016 was British-born Brendan Mullane. Its creative director from April 2016 to September 2016 was Justin O’Shea, Brioni was established in Rome in 1945 as a mens tailoring company by founders Nazareno Fonticoli, a tailor, and Gaetano Savini, an entrepreneur. They opened their first shop on Via Barberini 79, naming the brand after the formerly Italian Brionian Islands, Brioni quickly started to raise interest from high-profile movie business personalities, heads of state and business leaders. In 1952, Brioni staged the first men’s fashion show in history, the clothes introduced new silhouettes, bold colors and innovative fabrics, marking an important chapter for the company. A couple of later, Brioni invented the trunk show, during which the collections were presented directly in stores. In 1959, a plant was opened in Penne, Abruzzo. Called Brioni Roman Style, the factory introduced the concept of Prêt Couture. In 1985, the opened a tailoring school in Penne with the aim of transmitting to younger generations the specific Brioni sartorial method. In 2007 and 2011 The Luxury Institute ranked Brioni among the most prestigious men’s fashion luxury goods brands in America, in 2012, with the acquisition by French group Kering, the company entered a new phase. Brioni products are distributed globally, encompassing Europe, Asia and America, through directly-owned boutiques, a self-taught retail expert, O’Shea was formerly the fashion director of the German e-commerce site MyTheresa. O’Shea featured the four members of Metallica dressed in Brioni tuxedos in his first ad campaign with the brand, the remake of Brionis logo under OShea has been compared to the Fraktur typeface. OShea showed his first collection for the house on 4 July 2016, in early October 2016 Brioni announced that OShea would leave the brand. Brioni reported that its Autumn/Winter 2017 collection would be presented to buyers in the Milan showroom from mid-November 2016, on 17 March 2017 announced the appointment of Fabrizio Malverdi as CEO, a month after Gianluca Flore stepped down from the role. As of 2015, Brioni had 46 directly-operated retail stores, hugo JACOMET,20 MARCH2016 Brunello Cucinelli Ermenegildo Zegna Isaia Kiton Armani Canali Bottega Veneta Made in Italy
34.
Buccellati
–
This magnificent work of art can be admired at the Chianciano Art Museum in Tuscany, In 1965, after the death of Mario, the management was conducted by four of the five sons. In 2011, after the association of the brands family. In 2013, the investment fund Clessidra took over the majority of the capital to further expand the business through owned shops showing only the label Buccellati. In February 2014, Buccellati launched an effort with new bridal collection and high-tech jewels. In 2015, Buccellati opened its store in New York City in Madison Avenue. During the celebration, the brand launched its special Art Collection where five one-of-a-kind pieces were created inspired by Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artworks. The collection is designed by Andrea Buccellati, and his daughter Lucrezia Buccellati, di Lorenzo, Da Roma a New York limpero del Principe dei gioiellieri, in Il Parlamento italiano, VII, n. 3-4, pp.42 ss. R. Bossaglia, I gioielli di Gabriele DAnnunzio, in Bolaffi Arte, November 1977, pp. 40–47 Official website webencyclopedia Macklowe Gallery
35.
Bulgari
–
Bulgari is an Italian jewelry and luxury goods brand that produces and markets several product lines including jewelry, watches, fragrances, accessories, and hotels. The name Voulgaris itself contains the root word Βούλγαρ Greek for Bulgarian, furthermore in the companys native Italy the word Bulgari means Bulgarians or people of Bulgarian descent. Sotirios Boulgaris, born in an Aromanian village known as Kalarites began his career as a jeweller in his home village Paramythia, in 1877, he left for Corfu and then Naples. In 1881 he finally moved to Rome, where in 1884 he founded his company, the store in Via Sistina was then replaced by the current flagship store in Via dei Condotti opened in 1905 by Bulgari with the help of his two sons, Costantino and Giorgio. During the Second World War, Costantino Bulgari and his wife Laura hid three Jewish women in their own Roman home and they were strangers to them, the Bulgaris opened their doors out of outrage for the raid of the Roman ghetto in October 1943. For their generous action, on 31 December 2003, they were awarded the title of Righteous among the Nations at Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, after Giorgios death in 1966, his son Gianni led the company as co-chief executive with his cousin Marina. As chairman and CEO of Bulgari in the early 1970s, Gianni initiated the internationalization of the company by opening shops in New York, Geneva, Monte-Carlo, for many years the company maintained a showroom in New Yorks The Pierre Hotel. In the late 1970s, Gianni led a complete overhaul of the company, establishing a new watch business, in 1985, Gianni resigned as CEO and in 1987, he left the family business after selling his one-third stake in the company to his brothers Nicola and Paolo. In 1984, Sotirios grandsons Paolo and Nicola Bulgari were named Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the company, trapanis goal to diversify the company was started in the early 1990s with the release of the Bulgari perfume line. Under his tenure the company has established itself as a luxury goods brand recognized throughout the world, in 1995, the company was listed on the Borsa Italiana. The company has seen 150% revenue growth between 1997 and 2003, under the deal, the Bulgari family sold their 50.4 per cent controlling stake in exchange for 3 per cent of LVMH, thereby becoming the second-biggest family shareholder behind the Arnaults in LVMH. The takeover doubled the size of LVMH’s watches and jewellery unit, the acquisition concluded on 4 October 2011 as Bulgari was delisted from the Borsa Italiana. Bulgari opened its first hotel in Milan in 2004, a resort in Bali in 2006, followed by a hotel in London in 2012, in 2011, Bulgari Bali has been chosen by the readers of Smart Travel Asia magazine as number-2 of top places to stay in Asia. Current locations include Milan, London, and Bali with restaurants in Osaka, future locations will include Shanghai, Beijing, Dubai, and Moscow. Bulgari jewelry design is distinctive and often imitated, in the 1970s, many of the more expensive Bulgari pieces were characterized by instantly recognizable, bold, architectural designs combining large and weighty gold links with interlocking steel. Bulgari is also famous for colored stones, especially sapphires mixed in unique formats, genuine Bulgari watches have a unique serial number that is registered with the company. Bulgari relies on a network of about 300 stores, located in the most exclusive shopping areas in the world. The largest Bulgari store in the world is the 10-story Bulgari Ginza Tower in Tokyo,940 square meters of floor space, including a restaurant
36.
Canali
–
Canali is an Italian luxury menswear brand. It is available at its stores and luxury deprtment stores worldwide, Canali was founded in 1934 by Giacomo Canali and Giovanni Canali as a family business. In the 1950s, the ownership of Canali passed on to the generation of the family. In the 1970s, Canali was the first Italian tailor to introduce mechanised cutting machines, Canali opened its first flagship boutique in Milan. In 2010, New York Yankees pitcher Mariano Rivera was the spokesmodel for a Canali advertisement campaign. As of June 2013, led by the generation of the family, Canali employs 1,700 people in seven factories in Italy. In 2012,87. 5% of the production was exported. Canali has retail locations in Europe, North America, South America, East Asia, Central Asia, Africa, official website Brioni Kiton Armani Corneliani Bottega Veneta Brunello Cucinelli Made in Italy Ermenegildo Zegna
37.
Corneliani
–
Corneliani is an Italian menswear manufacturer best known for its suits and sportcoats. Its revenue in 2015 was €110 million, in June 2016, Arab investment group Investcorp acquired a majority stake in Corneliani for an enterprise value of about $100 million. The family-owned firm stretches back to the 1930s when Alfredo Corneliani, set up a business making raincoats and coats. Alfredos sons Claudio and Carlalberto later set up Corneliani S. p. A. in Mantua in 1958, in 1985 the company set up Corneliani USA Inc. in New York to distribute its ranges throughout the US and Canada. In 1997 Corneliani opened its store in Via Montenapoleone, in Milan. In 2005 Corneliani received the Leonardo Prize for Quality, awarded by the President of Italy to Italian companies which promote Italian-made goods, in 2008 Corneliani opened a mono-brand boutique on London’s New Bond Street. In 2012 Corneliani Shanghai Ltd was founded and in 2013 a directly-owned flagship store in Shanghai was opened, in 1991 Carlalberto Corneliani, Group President, was awarded the Cavaliere del Lavoro honour for captains of industry by the President of Italy. Official website Corneliani runway photos in Vogue Brioni Kiton Armani Bottega Veneta Brunello Cucinelli Made in Italy Ermenegildo Zegna
38.
Damiani (jewelry company)
–
Damiani S. p. A or Damiani Group, is an Italian luxury jewelry corporate group that designs, manufactures, distributes and sells jewelry and luxury watches. It was founded in Italy in 1924, the company uses celebrity endorsements to market its products. In the early 2000s the company had a dispute with Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston regarding the use of their names, the dispute was settled for $50 million and the couple helped Damiani create and market a line of products. Damiani expanded across Asia and the US and its most well-known jewelry product brands are Salvini, Alfieri & St. John and Bliss. Damiani was founded in 1924 by Enrico Grassi Damiani, in Valenza and it became popular among affluent Italians. Damianis son led the company from 1960-1990 and it started selling products in the US market in 2001 and introduced a $2.5 million ad campaign the following year. Damiani experienced negative press after Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston filed a lawsuit and they said Damiani was selling reproductions of the ring custom-designed by Brad Pitt and made exclusively for their wedding in violation of their agreement with Damiani. Damiani said they never made that agreement and that the rings were merely chosen from a collection of wedding rings, a settlement was reached for $50 million in January 2002. As part of the settlement, Mr Pitt designed a ring for Damiani, the Sunday Mail said the settlement was bizarre. It was one of the most effective marketing campaigns in the industry, by 2003 it had 25 stores which each sold a single brand of products, in Italy, Asia and the US. In 2007, Damiani announced a public offering, which valued the company at €150.8 million. Rocca S. p. A. an Italian jewelry and watch retailer, was purchased by Damiani for €7 million in 2008 In 2010, the companys estimated total sales were €150 million. In 2010, Birks & Mayors agreed to distribute all Damiani Groups brands, for five years, in 2012, Damiani entered into a partnership with MingFung/Hengdeli Group to distribute its watches and jewelry in China. Also, in 2012, Damiani received permission by the Government of India to invest in the Indian jewelry market, as of November 2012, Damiani had annual revenue of €151.6 million. In 2012, the became the first jeweler to obtain the authorization to hold a 51% controlling interest in an Indian-based entity. The President Guido Damiani received the America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation in 2013, Damiani designs and markets jewelry and watches, as well as jewels and unique pieces. The companys major market is in Italy and it is sold in other major markets worldwide through subsidiaries and boutiques. It has won 18 consecutive Diamonds International Awards, all Damiani suppliers are part of a restricted circle of selected organizations respecting UN regulations on the certification and origin of conflict-free diamonds
39.
Diesel (brand)
–
Diesel S. p. A. is an Italian retail clothing company, located in Breganze, Italy. It sells denim, and other clothing and accessories, the clothing line has two different brands, Diesel and Diesel Black Gold. Theres also a line for children, called Diesel Kid, the company is known for its surreal advertising campaigns. Since 2013 the creative director has been Nicola Formichetti, Diesel founder Renzo Rosso began stitching jeans on a sewing machine at the age of fifteen. He used his mother’s sewing machine to produce low-riding, bell bottomed jeans and he later attended an industrial textile manufacturing college in Padua. In 1976 Rosso began working for a manufacturer called Moltex. Rosso bought out Goldschmieds interest in the Diesel brand name in 1985 for US$500,000, Rosso has said that he learned marketing from the US, creativity from Italy, and systems from Germany. In 1990 Russ Togs, Inc. received the license to market and distribute Diesel lines in the United States, mitsubishi Co received the license to market and distribute in Japan. By 1991, Russ Togs was going out of business, as a result of Russ Togs collapse, the creation of made in the USA Diesel products never came to fruition, and Diesel instead placed its made in Italy jeans and clothing in US stores. In 1992, Diesel became the sponsor for the World Superbike racing circuit. In 1995, Diesel launched one of the first significant fashion retail websites, the first Diesel jeans to be sold online were available in Finland and Sweden starting in 1997. It then opened a store that allowed home delivery for further markets the following year. Further flagship stores opened, including stores in Berlin, Barcelona, Diesel also produces illustrated catalogs for its retail lines. The company also won the Premio Risultati award for Best Italian Company of the Year from the Bocconi Institute in 1996, in 1998 the Wall Street Journal called Diesel “the label of the moment”. Diesel founder Rosso began purchasing additional fashion companies in 2002, under the parent company Only The Brave, companies purchased by Only the Brave included Maison Martin Margiela, Viktor & Rolf, Marni, and licensing company Staff International. In 2005 Diesel released the book “Fifty” upon Rosso’s fiftieth birthday, Diesels denims products are produced exclusively in Italy, with much of its products produced by out-sourced factories. Its headquarters are in Breganze, and had twelve international subsidiaries as of 2005, as of 2008, the company had five thousand points of sale across eighty countries, with 270 mono-brand Diesel stores. Diesel itself owns 170 of those, with the rest owned by franchisees, turnover was over €1.3 billion in 2009, and by 2010 the company had over 400 stores
40.
Dolce & Gabbana
–
Dolce & Gabbana is a luxury Italian fashion house founded in 1985 in Legnano by Italian designers Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana. The two met in Milan in 1980 and designed for the fashion house. In 1982 they established a designer consulting studio, in time it grew to become Dolce & Gabbana and they presented their first womens collection in 1985 in Milan, where a year later their store would open its doors. In 1988, they launched their line, and in 1989 they began designing underwear. Dolce & Gabbana started to export their products to Japan and other countries like the U. S. where they founded their own showroom in 1990, in 1992, the same year they presented their mens collection, they also launched their first perfume Dolce & Gabbana. They won the Woolmark award in 1991, and the prize most feminine flavor of the year in 1993, towards the end of the 1990s their sales were around 500 million dollars and in 2003 their revenue reached $633 million. By 2005, their turnover was €600 million, Domenico Dolce began his career in the fashion industry after dropping out of a three-year course in fashion design at Marangoni Institute, believing that he knew everything the school had to teach. His dream was to work for Giorgio Armani so one day, inside the door, there was a long white carpet leading to the receptionists desk. Dolce was not sure if he should walk on it with his shoes on, I am such a cretino, he says. He decided that he would look ridiculous appearing at the front desk without shoes, so he approached by sidling along the wall and he handed the book to the receptionist and to this day, Dolce does not know if Armani ever saw the sketches. Dolce found a job as an assistant to a designer named Giorgio Correggiari, One night at a club, he met a young man named Stefano Gabbana. Dolce was impressed with Gabbanas good looks and outgoing personality and Gabbana was happy to hear Dolces advice on how to approach Correggiari for a job. Correggiari ended up hiring Gabbana to work on sportswear, and Dolce taught him how to sketch and the basics of tailoring, Dolce, We always filed two different invoices for the freelance work we did, even when we were working for the same client. Gabbana, Our accountant said, Why not just do one invoice for both of you, put Dolce and Gabbana at the top. So the brand was born, the brainchild of a Milanese bookkeeper, the first collection from the design duo was shown in October 1985 alongside five other up-and-coming Italian labels as part of Milan Fashion Week. The two did not have money to hire models or provide accessories for them, so they sought help from their friends. The models simply wore their personal items to complement the clothing and they used a bed sheet that Dolce had brought from home as their stage curtain. The pair labeled their first collection Real Women, due in part to the use of local women on the runway
41.
Fendi
–
Fendi is an Italian luxury fashion house whose specialities include fur, ready-to-wear, leather goods, shoes, fragrances, eyewear, timepieces and accessories. Founded in 1925 in Rome, Fendi is renowned for its fur and fur accessories, Fendi is also well known for its leather goods such as Baguette, 2jours, Peekaboo or Pequin handbags. The house of Fendi was launched in 1925 by Adele and Edoardo Fendi as a fur and leather shop in Via del Plebiscito, since 1946, the five sisters of second generation started entering the company and bought new wave of enthusiasm. Karl Lagerfeld joined Fendi in 1965 and became the Creative Director for Fur, silvia Venturini Fendi, daughter of Anna, joined in 1994 and is the Creative Director for Accessories and Mens lines. Since 2001, Fendi became a luxury fashion brand and member of LVMH group. In 2014, Fendi started making plans to use drones to show its catwalk fashions, Fendi invested more than 2 million euros to help restore the Trevi Fountain in Rome designed by Nicola Salvi in 18th century. The restoration works started June 2014, “It’s about tying us with a city that makes millions of people dream, ” Fendi CEO Pietro Beccari said. Official homepage Fendi – brand and company profile at Fashion Model Directory
.jpg)
