Madison is the capital of the U. S. state of Wisconsin and the seat of Dane County. As of July 1, 2018, Madison's estimated population of 258,054 made it the second-largest city in Wisconsin by population, after Milwaukee, the 81st-largest in the United States; the city forms the core of the Madison Metropolitan Area which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa and Columbia counties for a population of 654,230. Located on an isthmus and lands surrounding four lakes-Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, Lake Kegonsa and Lake Waubesa-the city is home to the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the Wisconsin State Capitol, Henry Vilas Zoo, an extensive network of parks and bike trails. Madison has been a center for progressive political activity and demonstrations; the presence of the University of Wisconsin–Madison as well as other educational institutions has a significant impact on the economy and demographics of Madison. Madison is a growing technology economy and the region is home to the headquarters of Epic Systems, American Family Insurance, Exact Sciences, American Girl, Sub-Zero, Lands' End, a regional office for Google, the University Research Park, as well as many biotech and health systems startups.

A 2018 report ranked Madison 14th among the top fifteen cities worldwide for venture capital deals per capita. Madison, named for US Founding Father James Madison, is home to eight National Historic Landmarks, including one UNESCO World Heritage Site. Before Europeans, humans inhabited the area around Madison for about 12,000 years. In 1800, the Madison area was Ho-Chunk Country; the Native Americans called this place Taychopera, meaning "land of the four lakes". Effigy mounds, constructed for ceremonial and burial purposes over 1,000 years earlier, dotted the rich prairies around the lakes. Madison's European origins begin in 1829, when former federal judge James Duane Doty purchased over a thousand acres of swamp and forest land on the isthmus between Lakes Mendota and Monona, with the intention of building a city in the Four Lakes region, he purchased 1,261 acres for $1,500. When the Wisconsin Territory was created in 1836 the territorial legislature convened in Belmont, Wisconsin. One of the legislature's tasks was to select a permanent location for the territory's capital.

Doty lobbied aggressively for Madison as the new capital, offering buffalo robes to the freezing legislators and promising choice Madison lots at discount prices to undecided voters. He had James Slaughter plat two cities in the area, Madison and "The City of Four Lakes", near present-day Middleton. Doty named his city Madison for James Madison, the fourth President of the U. S. who had died on June 28, 1836, he named the streets for the other 39 signers of the U. S. Constitution. Although the city existed only on paper, the territorial legislature voted on November 28, 1836 in favor of Madison as its capital because of its location halfway between the new and growing cities around Milwaukee in the east and the long established strategic post of Prairie du Chien in the west, between the populated lead mining regions in the southwest and Wisconsin's oldest city, Green Bay, in the northeast; the cornerstone for the Wisconsin capitol was laid in 1837, the legislature first met there in 1838. On October 9, 1839, Kintzing Prichett registered the plat of Madison at the registrar's office of the then-territorial Dane County.

Madison was incorporated as a village in 1846, with a population of 626. When Wisconsin became a state in 1848, Madison remained the capital, the following year it became the site of the University of Wisconsin; the Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad connected to Madison in 1854. Madison incorporated as a city in 1856, with a population of 6,863, leaving the unincorporated remainder as a separate Town of Madison; the original capitol was replaced in 1863 and the second capitol burned in 1904. The current capitol was built between 1906 and 1917. During the Civil War, Madison served as a center of the Union Army in Wisconsin; the intersection of Milwaukee, East Washington and North Streets is known as Union Corners, because a tavern there was the last stop for Union soldiers before heading to fight the Confederates. Camp Randall, on the west side of Madison, was built and used as a training camp, a military hospital, a prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. After the war ended, the Camp Randall site was absorbed into the University of Wisconsin and Camp Randall Stadium was built there in 1917.

In 2004 the last vestige of active military training on the site was removed when the stadium renovation replaced a firing range used for ROTC training. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Madison counterculture was centered in the neighborhood of Mifflin and Bassett streets, referred to as "Miffland"; the area contained many three-story apartments where students and counterculture youth lived, painted murals, operated the co-operative grocery store, the Mifflin Street Co-op. Residents of the neighborhood came into conflict with authorities during the administration of Republican mayor Bill Dyke. Dyke was viewed by students as a direct antagonist in efforts to protest the Vietnam War because of his efforts to suppress local protests; the annual Mifflin Street Block Party became a focal point for protest, although by the late 1970s it had become a mainstream community party. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, thousands of students and other citizens took part in anti-Vietnam War marches and demonstrations, with more violent incidents drawing national attention to the city and UW campu

Trailer music is the background music used for film previews, not always from the film's soundtrack. The purpose of this music is to complement and integrate the sales messaging of the mini-movie, a film trailer; because the score for a movie is composed after the film is finished, a trailer will incorporate music from other sources. Sometimes music from other successful films or hit songs is used as a subconscious tie-in method. Trailer music is known for hybrid orchestral style. Trailer music tracks can vary in duration, depending on the theme and target of the album; some albums contains only sound-effects instead of actual music. The music used in the trailer may be: Music from the score of other movies. Many films have tracked their trailers with music from other campaigns, such as Dragonheart, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story, Edward Scissorhands, Come See the Paradise, Bram Stoker's Dracula. Popular or well-known music chosen for its tone, appropriateness of a lyric, or familiarity.

Classical music, such as Mozart's Requiem, Beethoven's 9th symphony, or Carmina Burana. Specially composed music. One of the most famous Hollywood trailer music composers, credited with creating the musical voice of contemporary trailers, is John Beal, who began scoring trailers in the 1970s and, in the course of a thirty-year career, created original music for over 2,000 movie trailer projects, including 40 of the top-grossing films of all time, such as Star Wars, Forrest Gump, Aladdin, The Last Samurai and The Matrix. Songs, which may imitate recognizable songs. "Library" music, composed production music. Trailer music library companies didn't offer their music to the public and developed and licensed music to the motion picture studios. 615 Music APM Music Audiomachine Corner Stone Cues E. S. Posthumus Gerrit Kinkel Productions Immediate Music Pfeifer Broz. Music Two Steps from Hell West One Music Group X-Ray Dog Killer Tracks Mortifer V. PostHasteMusic Position Music Megatrax Groove Worx Epic Music World Warrior from Heaven Ninja Tracks Twelve Titans Music Revolt Production Music Hi-Finesse Music IconAudio DeVso Music Trailer Music World II Epic Score J Trax Music 2WEI Chris Field Clint Mansell Globus Groove Worx Hans Zimmer Jo Blankenburg John Beal Mark Petrie Thomas J. Bergersen Veigar Margeirsson Zack Hemsey James Dolley Brian Tyler City of the Fallen Ivan Torrent Trevor DeMaere Dylan C. Jones Antti Martikainen Music James Paget David Chappell Robert Slump Kári Sigurðsson Louis Viallet Soundcritters by composer Kai Hartwig Thunderstep Music Krale Sybrid Danny Rayel Colossal Trailer Music by composer Alexandre Guiraud Aaron Wilde Salim Daïma Magnus Tellmann Mattia Turzo Marcus Warner Music Vangelis Dedes Alexandros Nikolaidis

Akhil Gupta is an Indian-American anthropologist whose research has focused on the anthropology of the state and of development, as well as on postcolonialism. He is Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles. Akhil attended St. Xavier's School in Jaipur and graduated in 1974. Gupta did his undergraduate studies in Mechanical Engineering from Western Michigan University, following that with a Mechanical Engineering Masters from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Gupta spent the next eight years getting a Ph. D. in Engineering-Economic Systems from Stanford University. In 1992, while still at Stanford, Gupta along with fellow Stanford anthropologist James Ferguson wrote the well-known and oft-cited essay, "Beyond'Culture': Space and the Politics of Difference." Which argued that the analytic concept of culture had remained unproblematized by anthropological discourse, that anthropologists of the day had failed to recognize and analyze the politics of cultural difference, how such differences were produced, how such differences were used and abused by the state and by capital.

The article argues for the examination of cultural anthropology as an unconscious mechanism of neo-imperialism. Gupta has done extensive work in rural North India. In his book, Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India, Gupta analyzes whether and how post-colonial theory can be applied to subaltern rural places, he attempts to understand the growth of modern India through its agricultural sector. Most of his work has taken place in the western part of the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Gupta has tried to understand the ethnography of the state - as lived and discussed in rural India, he is a leading figure in the anthropology of the state, is the co-editor of a book of collected essays called The Anthropology of the State: A Reader. Gupta was unanimously approved for tenure in 1996 at Stanford, but was denied tenure by the dean John Shoven. However, in the face of outcry from across the academy as well as mobilization by students, the dean's decision was overturned.

Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India, 1997 Editor, The Anthropology of the State: A Reader, 2006 Editor and Outcast, 2002 Editor, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology, 1997 Editor, Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science, 1997 Stanford page Stanford Humanities Center Fellowship Profile Page for Akhil Gupta Iris F. Litt Award Anthropology department splits in two over tenure ship