Malla was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-eastern South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The population of Malla was divided into two branches, each organised into a gaṇasaṅg
Malla among the Gaṇasaṅghas
Conjectural reconstruction of the main gate of Kusinārā, capital of one of the Malla republics, circa 500 BCE adapted from a relief at Sanchi.
City of Kusinārā in the 5th century BCE according to a 1st-century BCE frieze in Sanchi Stupa 1 Southern Gate.
The Mallas defending the city of Kusinārā. Reflective of the frieze at Stupa 1, Southern Gateway, Sanchi, 1st century BCE to 1st century CE.
The Vajjika or Vrijika League, Confederacy, or Sangha, also called simply Vajji or Vriji, was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribal league which existed during the later Iron Age period in north-east India.
Ananda Stupa, with an Asokan pillar, at Vesālī, the capital city of Vajji and Licchavi.
Excavated ruins in Vaishali known by locals as "Raja Vishal ka Garh" (Fort of Raja Vishala) and said to date to the time of the Vajjika league