Republic
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A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica, is a state in which political power rests with the public, typically through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy. Although a republic is
Sculpture of Cicero
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Neptune offers the wealth of the sea to Venice, 1748–1750. This painting is an allegory of the power of the Republic of Venice.
Beginning of the Republic of Metz. Election of the first Head-Alderman in 1289, by Auguste Migette. Metz was then a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Emperor.
An allegory of the French Republic in Paris
Head of state
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A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state. The name given to the office of head of state depends on the country's form of government and any separation of powers; the powers of the of
Grassalkovich Palace in Bratislava is the seat of the president of Slovakia.
King Harald V of Norway
Charles de Gaulle, President and head of state of the French Fifth Republic (1959–1969)
George Washington, the first president of the United States, set the precedent for an executive head of state in republican systems of government.