Mandala (political model)
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In the historiography of premodern Southeast Asia, a mandala is a pattern of political organization characterized by overlapping spheres of influence rather than fixed territorial boundaries. Mandala
Bunga mas (Flowers of Gold), tribute from northern Malay states in Malay peninsula for Siam. National Museum, Kuala Lumpur.)
Majapahit
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Majapahit, also known as Wilwatikta, was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia based on the island of Java. At its greatest extent, following significant military expansion
Mandala (political model)
…power. Among the polities associated with the mandala model are the Khmer Empire, Srivijaya, the Javanese kingdoms of Mataram, Kediri, Singhasari, and Majapahit, the Ayutthaya Kingdom, Champa, early Đại Việt, Lan Xang, and Lanna. European colonization in the 19th century introduced fixed territorial boundaries…
A maja fruit growing near Trowulan. The bitter-tasting fruit is the origin of the kingdom's name.
''Deśarvarṇana'' palm-leaf manuscript in the National Library of Indonesia collection.
Wayang klithik puppet of Raden Damar Wulan – the hero of Majapahit kingdom
Painting of a 14th-century Yuan junk. Similar ships were sent by the Yuan in their naval armada.