Mandarin (bureaucrat)
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A mandarin was a bureaucrat scholar in the history of China, Korea, and Vietnam.
Three Ming Dynasty mandarins of varying ranks.
A 15th-century portrait of the Ming official Jiang Shunfu. The cranes on his mandarin square indicate that he was a civil official of the sixth rank.
A Qing photograph of a government official with mandarin square embroidered in front
Nguyễn Văn Tường, 1824–1886) was a mandarin of the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam.
Imperial examination
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The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureaucrats by
Mandarin (bureaucrat)
…pinyin: guān) was a bureaucrat scholar in the history of China, Korea, and Vietnam. The term is generally applied to the officials appointed through the imperial examination system. The English term comes from the Portuguese mandarim (pronounced , spelled in Old Portuguese as mandarin). The Portuguese word was used in one…
Imperial examination candidates gathering around the wall where results were posted, an announcement known as 'releasing the roll' (放榜; fàngbǎng) – by Qiu Ying (c. 1540)
Examination cells, Beijing
Chinese Examination Cells at the South River School (Nanjiangxue) Nanjing (China)
A model of exam cells displayed at Beijing Imperial Academy