Manuel Noriega
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Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno was a Panamanian military officer and politician who was the de facto ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989. He never officially served as president of Panama, instead ruling
Noriega's mugshot after his surrender to U.S. forces in 1990
Noriega in an Instituto Nacional yearbook
The School of the Americas (photographed in 2006), where Noriega took several courses
United States President Jimmy Carter shaking hands with General Omar Torrijos after signing the Panama Canal Treaty in 1977
Hugo Spadafora
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Hugo Spadafora Franco was a Panamanian physician and guerrilla fighter in Guinea-Bissau and Nicaragua. He criticized the military in Panama, which led to his murder by the government of Manuel Noriega
Manuel Noriega
…cash destined for U.S.-backed forces throughout Latin America. Noriega's relationship with the U.S. deteriorated in the late 1980s after the murder of Hugo Spadafora and the forced resignation of President Nicolás Ardito Barletta. Eventually, his relationship with intelligence agencies in other countries came to…
Hugo Spadafora Image