Manuel Noriega
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Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno was a Panamanian military officer and politician who was the de facto ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989. He never officially served as president of Panama, instead ruling
Noriega's mugshot after his surrender to U.S. forces in 1990
Noriega in an Instituto Nacional yearbook
The School of the Americas (photographed in 2006), where Noriega took several courses
United States President Jimmy Carter shaking hands with General Omar Torrijos after signing the Panama Canal Treaty in 1977
Pardo
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In the former Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Americas, pardos are triracial descendants of Europeans, Indigenous Americans and Africans.
Manuel Noriega
…longstanding ties with American intelligence agencies before the United States invasion of Panama removed him from power. Born in Panama City to a poor pardo family, Noriega studied at the Chorrillos Military School in Lima and at the School of the Americas. He became an officer in the Panamanian army, and…
18th-century illustration of a pardo officer (right) in Colonial Brazil
"Pardo" and related terminology in a Venn diagram