1.
Montreal
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Montreal, officially Montréal, is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada as a whole. Originally called Ville-Marie, or City of Mary, it is believed to be named after Mount Royal, the city has a distinct four-season continental climate, with warm-to-hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, Montreal had a population of 1,704,694, Montreals metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration, with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included. Legally a French-speaking city,60. 5% of Montrealers speak French at home,21. 2% speak English and 19. 8% speak neither, Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 56% of the population able to speak both official languages. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris, historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film, Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design. In 2009, Montreal was named North Americas leading host city for international events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress. According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking, Quacquarelli Symonds ranked Montreal as the worlds best city to study abroad. Also, Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled, the Greater Montréal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics, currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In 2012, Montreal was ranked as a Beta+ world city, in Kanien’kéha, or Mohawk language, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang, though the city was first named by French colonizers Ville Marie, or City of Mary, its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The most popular theory is that the name derives from Mont Réal, Cartiers 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, according to the Commission de toponymie du Québec and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, Canadian place names have only one official form. Thus, Montreal is officially spelled with an accent over the e in both English and French. In practice, this is limited to governmental uses. English-speaking Montrealers, including English-language media, regularly omit the accent when writing in English, archaeological evidence demonstrates that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. By the year AD1000, they had started to cultivate maize, within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at locations in the valley since at least the 14th century
2.
Quebec
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Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Quebec is Canadas largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division and it also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canadas second-most populous province, after Ontario, most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, the Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas, Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995, in 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq and Kébec. French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as La belle province, the Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years War. The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the Treaty of Versailles ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with each being granted an elected legislative assembly, in 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867, each became one of the first four provinces. In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal peoples. This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Located in the part of Canada, and part of Central Canada. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the composition of the ground, the climate. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Canadian Shield are the two main regions, and are radically different
3.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
4.
Defenceman
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Defence in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring. They are often referred to as defencemen, D, D-men or blueliners, a good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking. In regular play, two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice, organized play of ice hockey originates from the first indoor game in Montreal in 1875. In subsequent years, the players per side were reduced to seven per side, positions were standardized, and two correspond to the two defencemen of current six-man rules. These were designated as cover point and point, although they lined up behind the center, decades later, defencemen were standardized into playing left and right sides of the ice. According to one of the earliest books on ice hockey, Farrells Hockey, Canadas Royal Winter Game, Mike Grant of the Montreal Victorias and he should not stray too far from his place, because oftentimes he is practically a second goal-minder. Although he should remain close to his goal-keeper, he should never obstruct that mans view of the puck, in his capacity of a defence player, he should linger around his goals as long as the puck is near. It is by playing far up under these circumstances that a clever cover-point can chine to the advantage of his team. If he has an opening he should shoot well for the goals. Each year the NHL, the ice hockey league in the world. Bobby Orr of the Boston Bruins – an eight-time Norris Trophy recipient – is often considered to be the greatest defenceman in NHL, in addition to his Norris Trophy honours, he is the only defenceman in NHL history to capture the Art Ross Trophy as the leagues leading scorer. In 1998, Orr was selected as the best defenceman of all-time in The Hockey News Top 100 NHL Players of all-time, conversely, according to the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team, the greatest defencemen to play in IIHF-sanctioned international competition are Vyacheslav Fetisov and Börje Salming. Defence players are often described by the amount they participate in the offence, the extreme of non-participation in offence is a Stay-at-home defender, who takes few risks and does not score much, instead focusing on defending against the opposing team. The extreme of participation is a defenceman, who gets aggressively involved in the teams offence. To accomplish this, the defence player often pinches in to keep the play from going offside and moves towards the halfboards. This makes it difficult for the team to protect their net from being scored upon if the team can maintain control of the puck. However, this can lead to more odd man rushes and breakaway opportunities for the team if the defender does not succeed. Bobby Orrs end-to-end rushing allowed him to defend effectively as well as attack, by contrast, Paul Coffey enjoyed high offensive production but his defensive play was considered mediocre for most of his career
5.
Chicago Blackhawks
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The Chicago Blackhawks are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League and they have won six Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926. The Blackhawks are one of the Original Six NHL teams along with the Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins, since 1994, the clubs home rink is the United Center. The club had played for 65 years at Chicago Stadium. The clubs original owner was Frederic McLaughlin, who owned the club until his death in 1944, under McLaughlin, a hands-on owner who fired many coaches during his ownership, the club won two Stanley Cup titles. The club was owned by the Norris family, who as owners of the Chicago Stadium were the clubs landlord. At first, the Norris ownership was as part of a syndicate fronted by long-time executive Bill Tobin, after the senior James E. Norris died in 1952, the Norris assets were spread among family members and James D. Norris became owner. Norris Jr. took an active interest in the team and under his ownership, after James D. Norris died in 1966, the Wirtz family became owners of the franchise. In 2007, the club came under the control of Rocky Wirtz, who is credited with turning around the organization, under Rocky Wirtz, the Blackhawks won the Stanley Cup three times within six seasons. On May 1,1926, the NHL awarded a franchise for Chicago to a syndicate headed by former football star Huntington Hardwick of Boston. However, only one later, Hardwicks group sold out to Chicago coffee tycoon Frederic McLaughlin. McLaughlin had been a commander with the 333rd Machine Gun Battalion of the 86th Infantry Division during World War I and this Division was nicknamed the Blackhawk Division after a Native American of the Sauk nation, Black Hawk, who was a prominent figure in the history of Illinois. McLaughlin named the new team in honor of the military unit. The Black Hawks began play in the 1926–27 season, along with new expansion franchises Detroit Cougars, McLaughlin took a very active role in running the team despite having no background in the sport. McLaughlin hired Bill Tobin, a goaltender who had played in the Western league, as his assistant. He was also interested in promoting American hockey players, then very rare in professional hockey. The Hawks first season was a moderate success and they played their first game on November 17 when they played the Toronto St. Patricks in the Chicago Coliseum. The Black Hawks won their first game 4–1, in front of a crowd of over 7,000 and they ended up finishing the season in third place with a record of 19–22–3
6.
New York Islanders
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The New York Islanders are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the team plays its home games at Barclays Center, located in the borough of Brooklyn. The Islanders are one of three NHL franchises in the New York metropolitan area, along with the New Jersey Devils and New York Rangers, and their primary geographic fan base resides on Long Island. After two years of building up the roster, they found almost instant success by securing fourteen straight playoff berths starting with their third season. The Islanders won four consecutive Stanley Cup championships between 1980 and 1983, the seventh of eight dynasties recognized by the NHL in its history and their 19 consecutive playoff series wins between 1980 and 1984 is a feat that remains unparalleled in the history of professional sports. Following the teams dynasty era, the franchise ran into problems with money, ownership and management, an aging arena, and low attendance. Their woes were reflected on the ice, as the team has not won a title since 1987–88. After years of failed attempts to rebuild or replace Nassau Coliseum in suburban Long Island, Pat LaFontaine is the most recent inductee, having been honored in 2003. County officials did not consider the WHA a major league and wanted to keep the Raiders out, however, they discovered that they couldnt legally lock out the Raiders until they persuaded an NHL team to play there. William Shea, who had helped bring the Major League Baseballs New York Mets to the area a decade earlier, was pressed into service once again. Shea found a receptive ear in NHL president Clarence Campbell but faced opposition from the New York Rangers, eventually, Campbell and Shea persuaded the Rangers owners, Madison Square Garden, to reconsider. Eventually, Rangers president Bill Jennings realized that he had two choices, If he allowed another New York-based NHL team, he would at least be able to extract compensation from it for sharing the Rangers NHL territory. In contrast, a WHA rival would not be obligated to pay the Rangers anything, the terms of the franchise included a $5 million territorial fee to the Rangers. An expansion franchise was given to Atlanta to keep the schedule balanced. The franchise chose New York Islanders as its name, although many expected it to choose the Long Island Ducks, the team was soon nicknamed the Isles by the local newspapers. On February 14,1972, Bill Torrey, executive Vice President of the NHLs California Golden Seals, was named as the teams General Manager. Soon after the draft, Phil Goyette was named as the teams first head coach, however he was fired halfway through the season and replaced with Earl Ingarfield, wed have to develop our own stars. Before the season began, Westfall was named the teams first captain and their first win came on October 12,1972 in a 3-2 game against the Los Angeles Kings
7.
Hartford Whalers
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The Hartford Whalers were an American professional ice hockey team based for most of its existence in Hartford, Connecticut. The club played in the World Hockey Association from 1972 until 1979, originally based in Boston, the team joined the WHA in the leagues inaugural season, and was known as the New England Whalers throughout its time in the WHA. The Whalers moved to Hartford in 1974 and joined the NHL in the NHL–WHA merger of 1979, in 1997, the Whalers franchise relocated to North Carolina, where it became the Carolina Hurricanes. Godfrey Wood and William Edward Barnes to begin play in Boston, olympians on the Whalers roster had spent a significant part of their careers in Boston with Boston College and the Bruins, respectively. The Whalers had the WHAs best regular-season record in the 1972–73 season, Webster led the team in scoring and through the playoffs. Behind legendary ex-Boston University Head Coach Jack Kelley, the defeated the Winnipeg Jets to win the inaugural Avco World Trophy. The club played its first seasons home games at Boston Garden, fed up with the situation, Baldwin decided to move elsewhere. Hartford was about to open a new, modern arena and convention center. The city had hoped to get an American Basketball Association team as the main tenant, the area, aside from various minor league teams in New Haven, had been largely bereft of professional hockey until the Whalers arrival. The Civic Center was still being finished when the 1974–75 season began, so the Whalers played the first part of the 1974–75 season at The Big E Coliseum in West Springfield, Massachusetts. On January 11,1975, the team played its first game in front of a crowd at the Hartford Civic Center. Though they never won the WHA championship, the New England Whalers were a successful team, never missing the playoffs in league history. They had a stable roster than most WHA teams, Ley, Webster, Selwood, Pleau. It scored a coup when it signed legend Gordie Howe and his sons Mark. While the first two seasons in Hartford were not glittering, the final two WHA seasons saw more success. The next season was not so fine, however, but while age finally caught up with Gordie Howe, the slack was picked up by Andre Lacroix, the WHAs all-time leading scorer, acquired from the Aeros. As the Whalers were one of the most stable WHA teams, following lobbying from the Boston Bruins, one of the conditions of the merger stipulated that the Whalers were to drop New England from their name. The Howes, Rogers, Ley, Keon, Smith, Roberts, the team also changed its colors to blue and green, a combination which was unused in the NHL at the time
8.
Tampa Bay Lightning
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The Tampa Bay Lightning are a professional ice hockey team based in Tampa, Florida. It is a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the Lightning have one Stanley Cup championship in their history, in 2003–04. The team is referred to as the Bolts, and the nickname is used on the current third jersey. The Lightning plays home games in the Amalie Arena in Tampa, the owner of the Lightning is Jeffrey Vinik, while Steve Yzerman serves as general manager. The team is coached by Jon Cooper, who has led the team since 2013. In the late 1980s, the NHL announced that it would expand, two rival groups from the Tampa Bay Area area decided to bid for a franchise, a St. On paper, it looked like the Karmanos/Rutherford group was the frontrunner, not only was the Karmanos/Rutherford group better financed, but one of Espositos key backers, the Pritzker family, had backed out a few months before the bid. Esposito eventually recruited a consortium of Japanese businesses headed by Kokusai Green, the prospect of Japanese backing tipped the scales in the Esposito groups favor, and they were awarded an expansion franchise for the 1992–93 season, as was a group in Ottawa. One of the limited partners was New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner. After being awarded the franchise, the management brought in star power before they had any players. Phil Esposito installed himself as president and general manager, while Tony became chief scout. Terry Crisp, who played for the Philadelphia Flyers when they won two Stanley Cups in the mid-1970s, and coached the Calgary Flames to a Cup in 1989, was tapped as the first head coach. The team was named the Lightning, after Tampas status as the Lightning Capital of North America, son of his other Bruins linemate. Louis Blues, and stopped seven of nine shots, the Lightning first took the ice on October 7,1992, playing in Tampas tiny 11, 000-seat Expo Hall at the Florida State Fairgrounds. They shocked the visiting Chicago Blackhawks 7–3 with four goals by little-known Chris Kontos, the Lightning shot to the top of the Campbell Conferences Norris Division within a month, behind Kontos initial torrid scoring pace and a breakout season by forward Brian Bradley. Their 53 points in 1992–93, however, was one of the best-ever showings by an NHL expansion team. Bradleys 42 goals gave Tampa Bay fans optimism for the next season, the team picked up goaltender Daren Puppa, left-wing goal scorer Petr Klima and aging sniper Denis Savard. While Puppas play resulted in a significant improvement in goals allowed, Savard was long past his prime, the Lightning finished last in the Atlantic Division in 1993–94 with a record of 30–43–11 for 71 points
9.
Detroit Red Wings
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The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit, Michigan. They are members of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League and are one of the Original Six teams of the league, founded in 1926, the team was known as the Detroit Cougars from then until 1930. For the 1930–31 and 1931–32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons, between the 1933–34 and 1965–66 seasons, the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times. Between the 1966–67 and 1990–91 seasons, the Red Wings made the only eight times in 25 seasons. During the last 11 years of this stretch, only five of the Leagues 21 teams did not make the post-season and this rough period for the team provoked the nickname of the Dead Wings. Near the end of that 25-year period, however, the Red Wings advanced to the Conference Finals twice. They have made the playoffs in 30 of the last 32 seasons, including 25 in a row, during a subsequent meeting on May 15, the league approved a franchise to the Townsend-Seyburn group of Detroit and named Charles A. Hughes as governor. Frank and Lester Patrick, the owners of the WHL, made a deal to sell the players to the NHL. The new Detroit franchise purchased the players of the folded Victoria Cougars WHL club to play for the team, the new Detroit franchise also adopted the Cougars nickname in honor of the folded franchise. Since no arena in Detroit was ready at the time, the Cougars played their first season in Windsor, for the 1927–28 season, the Cougars moved into the new Detroit Olympia, which would be their home rink until December 27,1979. This was also the first season behind the bench for Jack Adams, the Cougars made the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 1929 with Carson Cooper leading the team in scoring. The Cougars were outscored 7–2 in the series with the Toronto Maple Leafs. In 1930, the Cougars were renamed the Falcons, but their woes continued, as they finished near the bottom of the standings. In 1932, the NHL let grain merchant James E. Norris, Norris first act was to choose a new name for the team—the Red Wings. Earlier in the century, Norris had been a member of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, the MAAAs teams were known by their club emblem and these Winged Wheelers were the first winners of the Stanley Cup in 1893. Norris decided that a version of their logo was perfect for a team playing in the Motor City, Norris also placed coach Jack Adams on a one-year probation for the 1932–33 NHL season. Adams managed to pass his probationary period by leading the franchise to first ever playoff series victory over the Montreal Maroons. Despite this success, the team lost in the semi-finals to the New York Rangers, in 1934 the Wings made the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time, with John Sorrell scoring 21 goals over 47 games and Larry Aurie leading the team in scoring
Canada