Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
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Marie Louise was an Austrian archduchess who reigned as Duchess of Parma from 11 April 1814 until her death in 1847. She was Napoleon's second wife and as such Empress of the French and Queen of Italy from their marriage on 1 April 1810 until his abdication on 6 April 1814.
Portrait by Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin, c. 1812. She wears a diamond and emerald crown, a necklace, and earrings given as a wedding gift by Napoleon.
Georges Rouget, Marriage of Napoleon and Marie-Louise (1811)
Portrait in 1812 by Robert Lefèvre
Marie Louise with her son, the King of Rome
Duke of Parma
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The Duke of Parma and Piacenza was the ruler of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a historical state of Northern Italy. It was created by Pope Paul III for his son Pier Luigi Farnese. It existed between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1859.
Image: Pier Luigi Farnese di Tiziano
Image: Ottavio Farnese 1521 1586
Image: Ranuccio First Farnese
Image: Edward farnesio