Mariner 1
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Mariner 1 was the first spacecraft of NASA's interplanetary Mariner program, built to conduct the first American planetary flyby of Venus. Developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory and originally planned
A model of Mariner 2, showing its design that is identical with Mariner 1
Mariner II trajectory projected on the ecliptic plane.
Diagram of Mariner 1
Mariner 1 in JPL's Spacecraft Assembly Facility
Ranger program
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The Ranger program was a series of uncrewed space missions by the United States in the 1960s whose objective was to obtain the first close-up images of the surface of the Moon. The Ranger spacecraft w
Mariner 1
…was changed when the Centaur proved unavailable at that early date. Mariner 1 and its sibling spacecraft Mariner 2 were then adapted from the lighter Ranger lunar spacecraft. Mariner 1 carried a suite of experiments to determine the temperature of Venus as well to measure magnetic fields and charged particles…
First image of the Moon returned by a Ranger mission (Ranger 7 in 1964)
Program Ranger Organization Chart
Ranger block I spacecraft diagram. (NASA)
A Ranger probe undergoing restoration at the Udvar-Hazy Center