1.
San Diego Comic-Con
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
2.
Kenosha, Wisconsin
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Kenosha /kɛˈnoʊˌʃɑː/ is a city in and the county seat of Kenosha County, Wisconsin, United States. Kenosha is on the shore of Lake Michigan. With an estimated population of 99,889 as of July 1,2013, it is the fourth-largest city in Wisconsin, the city is part of the United States Census Bureaus Chicago Combined Statistical Area. Early archaeological sites have been discovered in the Kenosha vicinity, the discoverer of two sites believes they antedate the Clovis culture, making them contemporaneous with the ice age, paleo Indians settled in the area at least 13,500 years ago. The Potawatomi originally named the area ginoozhe place of the pike, the early name by the Ojibwa Indians is reported as Masu-kinoja. This describes the place of spawning trout as trout come all at same time, thousands of fish were entering the rivers from Lake Michigan. Harvesting these fish provided food for the coming months, the first white settlers, part of the Western Emigration Company, arrived in the early 1830s from Hannibal and Troy, New York, led by John Bullen, Jr. who sought to purchase enough land for a town. Thwarted in Milwaukee and Racine, the arrived at Pike Creek on 6 June 1835, building log homes at first and, later, homes of frame, native stone. The first school and churches followed by 1835, with platting completed in 1836, as more settlers arrived and the first post office was established, the community was first known as Pike Creek in 1836. In 1850, another change brought the city its current title. Between 1902 and 1988, Kenosha produced millions of automobiles and trucks under marques such as Jeffery, Rambler, Nash, Hudson, LaFayette, a prototype steam car was built in Kenosha by the Sullivan-Becker engineering firm in 1900. Two years later, the Thomas B, Jeffery Company, builders of the Sterling bicycle, began production of the Rambler runabout. In 1902, Rambler and Oldsmobile were the first cars to employ mass-production techniques, the 1902 Rambler was also the first automobile to use a steering wheel, rather than the then-common tiller-controlled steering. Auto executive Charles W. Nash purchased Jeffrey in 1916 and the new company became Nash Motors, in May 1954, Nash acquired Detroit-based Hudson and the new firm was named American Motors Corporation. A 47-acre west side park and a school are named for Charles W. Nash. In partnership with French automaker Renault, AMC manufactured several models in Kenosha in the early 1980s, including the Alliance, two decades earlier, AMCs 1963 Rambler Classic had also received the award. In 1987, Renault sold its controlling interest in AMC to Chrysler Corporation, the AMC Lakefront plant, a smaller facility, was demolished in 1990 and was redeveloped into upscale HarborPark. Kenosha has 21 locations and three districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places including the Library Park, Third Avenue, matthew Episcopal Church at 5900 Seventh Avenue, the Washington Park Clubhouse at 2205 Washington Road, and the Justin Weed House at 3509 Washington Road
3.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
4.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
5.
Activism
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Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, and/or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society. One can also express activism through different forms of art, daily acts of protest such as not buying clothes from a certain clothing company because they exploit workers is another form of activism. One view holds that acknowledging privileges and oppressions on a daily basis ranks as a form of activism, research has begun to explore how activist groups use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action. The Online Etymology Dictionary records the English words activism and activist from 1920, Activists can function in roles as public officials, as in judicial activism. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. introduced the term judicial activism in a January 1946 Fortune magazine article titled The Supreme Court,1947, some activists try to persuade people to change their behavior directly, rather than to persuade governments to change or not to change laws. Other activists try to persuade people to remain the same, in an effort to counter change, the cooperative movement seeks to build new institutions which conform to cooperative principles, and generally does not lobby or protest politically. Activism is not always an action by Activists, every year more than 100 environmental activists are killed, in 2014116 environmental activists were assassinated, in 2015185 activists were killed around this planet. Since the 1990s, the Internet has been a tool used by activists for mobilization and communication of causes, specific platforms like MoveOn. org, founded in 1998, allow individuals to establish petitions and movements for social change. Protesters in Seattle in 1999 used email to organize protests against the WTO Ministerial Conference, throughout the 2000s, protesters continued to use social media platforms to generate interest. The power of Internet Activism came into a lens with the Arab Spring protests. They use different means to political persecution, such as Tor Browser. The activism industry consists of organizations and individuals engaged in activism, Activism is often done full-time, as part of an organizations core business. Many organizations in the industry are either non profit organizations or non-governmental organizations. Most activist organizations do not manufacture goods, the term activism industry has often been used to refer to outsourced fundraising operations. However, activist organizations engage in activities as well. Lobbying, or the influencing of decisions made by government, is another activist tactic, many groups, including law firms, have designated staff assigned specifically for lobbying purposes. In the United States, lobbying is regulated by the federal government, many government systems encourage public support of non-profit organizations by granting various forms of tax relief for donations to charitable organizations. Governments may attempt to deny these benefits to activists by restricting the political activity of tax-exempt organizations, randy Shaw, The Activists Handbook, A Primer for the 1990s and Beyond
6.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
7.
CBS Summer Playhouse
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CBS Summer Playhouse is an American anthology series that ran from June 12,1987 to August 22,1989 on CBS. It aired unsold television pilots during the summer season, tim Reid and Daphne Maxwell Reid acted as hosts during the first season, introducing each pilot. Viewers were also encouraged to call a 1-800 number at the end of each episode, however, the winning pilot chosen by the viewers was never picked up as a series. The series was revamped during the second and third seasons, notable pilots featured included The Saint in Manhattan, Kung Fu, The Next Generation, Puppetman, Slappys and a sitcom version of Coming to America. CBS Summer Playhouse at the Internet Movie Database CBS Summer Playhouse at TV. com
8.
This Is Our Youth
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This Is Our Youth is a play by American dramatist and screenwriter Kenneth Lonergan, which premiered Off-Broadway in 1996 and on Broadway in 2014. The play takes place in Dennis Zieglers apartment on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in March 1982, denniss friend Warren Straub, a dejected 19-year-old, has just been kicked out of his house and stolen $15,000 from his abusive lingerie-tycoon father. Dennis, the wily and domineering of the two, spends some of the money on cocaine, hoping to sell it to a friend for much more. Jessica Goldman, an anxiously insightful fashion student, comes over, the play explores timeless issues of adolescence and maturity, as well as the Reagan Era in which it is set, the characters feel adrift in 1980s-style materialism. This Is Our Youth premiered as a one-act titled Betrayal by Everyone in 1993 at the Met in a festival of short plays. Originally produced by The New Group, the play opened Off-Broadway at the Intar Theatre on October 26,1996, directed by Mark Brokaw, the cast featured Josh Hamilton as Dennis, Mark Ruffalo as Warren, and Missy Yager as Jessica. It again played Off-Broadway in a Second Stage revival at the McGinn/Cazale Theatre, from November 3,1998 to May 2,1999, with the original cast and it transferred to the Douglas Fairbanks Theatre. In the West End, it played at the Garrick Theatre from March 1 to April 20,2002, produced by Phil Cameron for Background, Clare Lawrence, the cast starred Jake Gyllenhaal, Hayden Christensen, and Anna Paquin. The Australian premiere was produced by Black Swan Theatre Company and Echelon Productions at The Store Room and it starred Ditch Davey, Tim Wright and Amanda Levy. The play premiered on Broadway at the Cort Theatre in previews beginning August 18,2014, directed by Anna D. Shapiro and produced by Steppenwolf, the cast starred Michael Cera, Kieran Culkin, and Tavi Gevinson. Prior to Broadway, this production ran at Steppenwolf Theatre Company, Chicago, with the director and cast. Also prior to Broadway, Cera and Culkin, who co-starred in 2010s Scott Pilgrim vs, the World, had been in talks to stage a revival in New York during 2010, they later headlined a run at the Sydney Opera House in March 2012. The play has seen a number of productions featuring notable film actors, but with the skill of a first-rate creative team, even nowhere can be someplace special. Reviewing the 1998 production two years later, Marks wrote, This Is Our Youth is back, and not a moment too soon. Marks cited the plays indelible impression, the playwrights unfailing antennae, writing, This Is Our Youth-- by turns caustic, cruel and compassionate -- is the real real world. This Is Our Youth at the Internet off-Broadway Database Internet Broadway Database listing The New York Times on the 1996 premiere The New York Times on the 1998 production
9.
13 Going on 30
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13 Going on 30 is a 2004 American romantic comedy fantasy film written by Josh Goldsmith and Cathy Yuspa, and directed by Gary Winick. Starring Jennifer Garner, the film was produced by Revolution Studios for Columbia Pictures and it follows a 13-year-old girl who dreams of being popular. During her birthday party, she engages in the party game Seven Minutes in Heaven, the game turns out to be a humiliating experience for her, and she huddles alone in her basement, wishing over and over she was thirty and flirty and thriving. When she eventually does emerge, she finds herself five days shy of her 30th birthday, the film received generally positive reviews from critics, with most praising Garners performance and its nostalgic environment. It was also praised for its humorous plot and self-empowerment message, the movie was also a commercial success, earning US$22 million in its first week, and grossing over US$96 million, becoming one of the years biggest DVD rentals and sellers. The movies soundtrack features songs spanning the 80s to the 2000s, with a range of hits from famous recording artists such as Billy Joel, Madonna, Michael Jackson, Pat Benatar, additionally, the soundtrack charted inside the top-fifty on the Billboard 200 chart. Jennas best friend, the geeky boy Matty Flamhaff, arrives early to the party to give her a bright pink and he sprinkles his second gift, a packet of glittery magic wishing dust. Its Matt who walks into the closet, to Jennas horror and she locks herself in the closet and cries, wishing to be 30, above her, the glittering wishing dust from the dollhouse gently rains down. The next morning, Jenna awakens in a gleaming Fifth Avenue apartment, Jenna discovers that she works for Poise, her favourite fashion magazine. Jenna, freaking out like the teen she still is. She gets his address and races down to the Village where the now-grown Matt is a struggling photographer. To her confusion, hes distant and cold, and cant even fill Jenna on much of her missing past, because she became head of the Six Chicks and she even became Prom Queen - and Lucy, her only friend, is actually the original Tom-Tom after plastic surgery. While delighting in her freedom and great clothes, Jenna stumbles through a grown-up world, after Jenna overhears her supposed best friend Lucy badmouthing her, in a plan to save the magazine behind her back, she resolves to fix the sins of the past she cant remember. She returns to her hometown in New Jersey and weeps in the same basement closet and her parents find her there, and they hug. She gets back in touch with Matt, gingerly apologises and hires him to do the photography on her own new plans for Poise, even though Matt has a fiancée in Chicago whos eager for him to move there, Jenna and Matt begin to fall for each other. Outraged, Jenna confronts Lucy for stealing, but Lucy scornfully tells her that Jenna was the one sabotaging her own magazine all along, Lucy merely found out about it, Matt, wounded by what he thought was Jennas betrayal of him, is getting married the next day. While the wedding begins in the background, Jenna leaves in tears, closing her eyes, when Jenna opens her eyes, shes back in 1987, on that same 13th birthday night. This time, when Matt finds her alone in the closet
10.
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
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Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind is a 2004 American romantic science fiction comedy-drama film written by Charlie Kaufman and directed by Michel Gondry. It follows a couple who have erased each other from their memories. Pierre Bismuth created the story with Kaufman and Gondry, the ensemble cast includes Jim Carrey, Kate Winslet, Kirsten Dunst, Mark Ruffalo, Elijah Wood and Tom Wilkinson. The title of the film is a quotation from Eloisa to Abelard by Alexander Pope, the film uses elements of the psychological thriller and a nonlinear narrative to explore the nature of memory and romantic love. It opened in North America to wide acclaim on March 19,2004 and it won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, and Winslet received a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actress. The film developed a following in the years after its release. Shy, soft-spoken Joel Barish and the unrestrained free-spirit Clementine Kruczynski begin a relationship on a Long Island Rail Road train from Montauk and they are almost immediately drawn to each other despite their different personalities, though both had felt the need to travel to Montauk that day. Although they do not realize it at the time, Joel and Clementine are, in fact, former lovers, after a fight, Clementine had hired the New York City firm Lacuna, Inc. to erase all of her memories of their relationship. Upon discovering this from his friends Rob and Carrie, Joel was devastated and decided to undergo the procedure himself, much of the film subsequently takes place in Joels mind, during this memory erasure procedure. As his memories are erased, he tries to evade the erasing effects of the procedure by hiding Clementine in remote parts of his subconscious, Joel finds himself revisiting them in reverse. Upon seeing happier times of love with Clementine from earlier in their relationship, he struggles to preserve at least some memory of her, despite his efforts to either hide the memories or wake up and stop the process, the memories are slowly erased. He comes to the last remaining memory of Clementine, the day he had first met her at a house in Montauk. As this memory disintegrates around them, she tells him, Meet me in Montauk, separate, but related, story arcs, which revolve around the employees of Lacuna, are revealed during Joels memory erasure. Patrick, one of the Lacuna technicians performing the erasure, uses Joels memories, mary, the Lacuna receptionist, is dating the other memory-erasing technician, Stan. On learning this, she asks Stan whether he knew about this, mary then quits her job and steals the companys records, and mails the two former clients their records from Lacuna. The film returns to the present, after Joel and Clementine have met aboard the train, Joel beckons Clementine to start over, Clementine initially resists, pointing out it could go the same way. Joel accepts this, and they decide to attempt a relationship anyway, on Metacritic, the film has a score of 89 out of 100, based on 41 reviews, indicating universal acclaim. Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film a four stars, referring to Kaufman as the most gifted screenwriter of the 2000s
11.
Zodiac (film)
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Zodiac is a 2007 American mystery-thriller film directed by David Fincher. The screenplay by James Vanderbilt is based on the 1986 non-fiction book of the name by Robert Graysmith. The cases remain one of Northern Californias most infamous unsolved crimes, Fincher, Vanderbilt and producer Bradley J. Fischer spent 18 months conducting their own investigation and research into the Zodiac murders. Fincher employed the digital Thomson Viper Filmstream camera to photograph the film, however, Zodiac was not shot entirely digitally, traditional high-speed film cameras were used for slow-motion murder sequences. Reviews for Zodiac were very positive, lauding the writing, directing, acting and historical authenticity. The film grossed over $84 million worldwide against a budget of $65 million. On July 4,1969, a man attacks Darlene Ferrin and Mike Mageau with a handgun, at a lovers lane in Vallejo. One month later, the San Francisco Chronicle receives encrypted letters written by the killer calling himself the Zodiac and taunting the police. Political cartoonist Robert Graysmith is not taken seriously by crime reporter Paul Avery or the editors and is excluded from the details about the killings despite his interest in the case. When the newspaper publishes the letters, a couple is able to decipher one. At a local bar, Avery initially makes fun of Graysmith before they discuss the coded letters, Graysmith interprets the letter, which Avery finds helpful, and Avery begins sharing information. The Zodiac killer attacks law student Bryan Hartnell and Cecelia Shepard at Lake Berryessa in Napa County on September 27,1969, Shepard dies two days later, and Hartnell survives. One of Graysmiths insights about the letters is that the Zodiacs reference to man as the most dangerous animal of all is a reference to the story. The fact that both Zaroffs surname and the name Zodiac start with a Z also seems significant, two weeks later, San Francisco taxicab driver Paul Stine is shot and killed in the citys Presidio Heights district immediately after dropping the killer off. The Zodiac killer mails pieces of Stines blood stained shirt to the Chronicle, San Francisco police detectives Dave Toschi and his partner Bill Armstrong are assigned to the Stine case, and work closely with Vallejos Jack Mulanax and Captain Ken Narlow in Napa. The killer, or someone posing as him, continues to toy with authorities by sending more letters, Avery and Graysmith form an alliance, delving deeper into the case as time permits. In 1971, Detectives Toschi, Armstrong, and Mulanax question Arthur Leigh Allen, Allen behaves suspiciously during the interview. They ask to see his watch and notice that he wears a Zodiac brand wristwatch which has the logo used by the killer
12.
Shutter Island (film)
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Shutter Island is a 2010 American neo-noir psychological thriller film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Laeta Kalogridis, based on Dennis Lehanes 2003 novel of the same name. Marshal Edward Teddy Daniels, who is investigating a psychiatric facility on Shutter Island after one of the patients goes missing, mark Ruffalo plays his partner officer, Ben Kingsley is the facilitys lead psychiatrist and Michelle Williams is Daniels wife. Receiving generally favorable reviews from critics, the film grossed over $294 million at the box office. In 1954, two U. S. Marshals – Edward Teddy Daniels and his new partner, Chuck Aule – travel to the Ashecliffe Hospital for the insane on Shutter Island located in Boston Harbor. They are investigating the disappearance of patient Rachel Solando, who was incarcerated for drowning her three children and their only clue is a cryptic note found hidden in Solandos room, The law of 4, who is 67. They arrive just before a storm hits, preventing their return to the mainland for a few days, though they are given access to the hospital, they are told Ward C is off limits, while the lighthouse has already been searched. While being interviewed, one patient secretly writes the word RUN in Daniels notepad, Daniels starts to have migraine headaches from the hospitals atmosphere and experiences waking visions of his involvement in the Dachau liberation reprisals. He has disturbing dreams of his wife, Dolores Chanal, who was killed in a set by Andrew Laeddis. In one instance Chanal tells Daniels that Solando is still on the island somewhere, the same applies to Laeddis who everyone claims was never there to begin with. Daniels later explains to Aule that locating Laeddis was a personal motive for taking the case. During their investigation Daniels and Aule find that Solando has abruptly resurfaced with no explanation as to her whereabouts or how she escaped. This prompts Daniels to break into the restricted Ward C, there he encounters George Noyce, a patient in solitary confinement. Noyce warns Daniels that the doctors are performing experiments on the patients. Noyce warns Daniels that everyone else on the island, including Aule, is playing a game specifically designed for Daniels. Daniels regroups with Aule and is determined to investigate the lighthouse, while climbing the cliffs toward it they become separated, and Daniels later sees what he believes to be Aules body on the rocks below. By the time he climbs down the body has disappeared, and she states that she is a former psychiatrist at the hospital who discovered the experiments with psychotropic medication and trans-orbital lobotomy in an attempt to develop mind control techniques. Before she could report her findings to the authorities, however, Daniels returns to the hospital, but finds no evidence of Aule ever being there. Convinced that Aule was taken to the lighthouse, Daniels breaks into it, Cawley explains that Daniels is actually Andrew Laeddis, most dangerous patient, incarcerated in Ward C for murdering his manic depressive wife, Dolores Chanal, after she drowned their children
13.
The Kids Are All Right (film)
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The Kids Are All Right is a 2010 American comedy-drama film directed by Lisa Cholodenko and written by Cholodenko and Stuart Blumberg. A hit at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival, it opened in limited release on July 9,2010 and it was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 16,2010. The film was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy, the film also received four Academy Award nominations, including one for Best Picture, at the 83rd Academy Awards. Nic and Jules are a lesbian couple living in the Los Angeles area. Nic is an obstetrician, and Jules is a housewife who is starting up a design business. Each has given birth to a child using the sperm donor. The younger child Laser wants to find his sperm donor father but has to be 18 to do so and he implores his 18-year-old sister, Joni, to contact the sperm bank which identifies Paul as the donor. Joni is impressed by his lifestyle, and Paul becomes enthusiastic about being in their lives. Joni swears her brother to secrecy as she not want to upset their mothers. However, Jules and Nic find out and invite Paul over to dinner, when Jules reveals she has a landscape business, Paul asks her to transform his back garden. Jules agrees, although Nic does not like the idea, while working for Paul, Jules likes that he appreciates her work in contrast to Nic who, Jules feels, never supported her career. Jules impulsively kisses Paul one afternoon, and they end up in bed together, Jules and the kids start spending more time with Paul. Nic believes Paul undermines her authority over the children by, for example, after a heated argument with Jules, Nic suggests they all have dinner at Pauls house to ease the tension. Nic relaxes and for the first time connects with Paul, however, Nic discovers traces of Juless hair in Pauls bathroom and bedroom. When they return home, Nic confronts Jules, at first, Jules denies it but then admits to the affair. Nic is devastated, but Jules assures she is not in love with Paul and has not turned straight, Joni and Laser have overheard the arguments and are also upset at Jules. The household becomes tense and Jules is forced to sleep on the couch, Paul thinks he has fallen in love with Jules and suggests she leave Nic, bring the kids, and come live with him. Jules declines, disgusted with Pauls lack of understanding about their relationship, the children are angry at both of them
14.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
15.
Now You See Me (film)
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Now You See Me is a 2013 American heist thriller film directed by Louis Leterrier and written by Ed Solomon, Boaz Yakin and Edward Ricourt. The film features an ensemble cast of Jesse Eisenberg, Mark Ruffalo, Woody Harrelson, Mélanie Laurent, Isla Fisher, Dave Franco, Michael Caine and Morgan Freeman. The plot follows an FBI agent and an Interpol detective who track a team of illusionists who pull off bank heists during their performances and reward their audiences with the money. The film premiered in New York City on May 21,2013 before its release in the United States on May 31,2013 by Summit Entertainment. The film received mixed reviews from critics but became a box office success, a sequel was released on June 10,2016. A year later, the four perform their first major performance as the Four Horsemen in an elaborate Las Vegas show funded by insurance magnate Arthur Tressler. Their final trick appears to one of the audience members to the vault of his bank, the Crédit Républicain in Paris. At the magicians commands, the fans in the vault activate, drawing the bills into the vents, the two question the magicians but have no evidence to hold them. Dylan and Alma turn to Thaddeus Bradley, a magician who now helps to explain the tricks behind other magic acts. Dylan and Alma attempt to apprehend the four, but the magicians elude capture, Tressler hires Thaddeus to expose the Horsemen in revenge for the loss of his money. Alma investigates the Horsemen and determines they are connected to a called the Eye. She finds out one of the Eyes members, Lionel Shrike, had previously been exposed by Thaddeus, Alma suspects a fifth person is aiding the Horsemen. Almas research leads the FBI to the New York City apartment, when they raid it, the other three escape while Jack recovers numerous documents and then leads the authorities on a high-speed car chase. Jack loses control of his car, causing it to flip, Dylan is unable to save Jack, but manages to recover the papers, pointing to the Horsemens next planned crime, stealing millions of dollars in cash out of a large Elkhorn safe. Dylan, Alma, and Thaddeus find the safe has already stolen. The Horsemen broadcast they will perform their show that night at 5 Pointz. The FBI and police converge on the scene and amid the chaos search for the Horsemen, the three jump, turning into a shower of money over the crowd. The money is counterfeit, but the race to collect it prevents the authorities from tracking the real Horsemen
16.
Marvel Comics
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Marvel Comics is the common name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc. formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, an American publisher of comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwides parent company, Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s had generally become known as Atlas Comics. Marvels modern incarnation dates from 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. Most of Marvels fictional characters operate in a reality known as the Marvel Universe. Martin Goodman founded the later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. The issue was a success, with it and a second printing the following month selling, combined. While its contents came from an outside packager, Funnies, Inc, Timely had its own staff in place by the following year. It, too, proved a hit, with sales of one million. Goodman formed Timely Comics, Inc. beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941, Goodman hired his wifes cousin, Stanley Lieber, as a general office assistant in 1939. Lee wrote extensively for Timely, contributing to a number of different titles, Goodmans business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff. One of these companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55. As well, some covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12, were labeled A Marvel Magazine many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961. The post-war American comic market saw superheroes falling out of fashion and this globe branding united a line put out by the same publisher, staff and freelancers through 59 shell companies, from Animirth Comics to Zenith Publications. Atlas also published a plethora of childrens and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlos Homer the Happy Ghost, Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. Atlas did not achieve any hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply. During this time, the Comic Code Authority made its debut in September 1954, Wertham published the book Seduction of the Innocent in order to force people to see that comics were impacting American youth. He believed violent comics were causing children to be reckless and were turning them into delinquents, in September 1954, comic book publishers got together to set up their own self-censorship organization—the Comics Magazine Association of America—in order to appease audiences
17.
Hulk (comics)
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The Hulk is a fictional superhero created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, who first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book The Incredible Hulk in May 1962 published by Marvel Comics. The Hulks level of strength is normally conveyed as proportionate to his level of anger, however, his uncontrollable power has brought him into conflict with his fellow heroes and others. Lee stated that the Hulks creation was inspired by a combination of Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll, although the Hulks coloration has varied throughout the characters publication history, the most usual color is green. He has two catchphrases, Hulk is strongest one there is. And the better-known HULK SMASH. which has founded the basis for pop culture memes. The Hulk first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #1, written by writer-editor Stan Lee, penciled and co-plotted by Jack Kirby, and inked by Paul Reinman. Lee cites influence from Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Hulks creation, for a long time Id been aware of the fact that people were more likely to favor someone who was less than perfect. Its a safe bet that you remember Quasimodo, but how easily can you name any of the heroic, handsomer, ive always had a soft spot in my heart for the Frankenstein monster. No one could ever convince me that he was the bad guy and he never wanted to hurt anyone, he merely groped his torturous way through a second life trying to defend himself, trying to come to terms with those who sought to destroy him. I decided I might as well borrow from Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde as well—our protagonist would constantly change from his identity to his superhuman alter ego. Kirby, commenting upon his influences in drawing the character, recalled as inspiration the tale of a mother who rescues her child who is trapped beneath a car, Lee has also compared Hulk to the Golem of Jewish mythology. In The Science of Superheroes, Gresh and Weinberg see the Hulk as a reaction to the Cold War and the threat of nuclear attack, in the debut, Lee chose grey for the Hulk because he wanted a color that did not suggest any particular ethnic group. Colorist Stan Goldberg, however, had problems with the coloring, resulting in different shades of grey. After seeing the first published issue, Lee chose to change the color to green. Green was used in retellings of the origin, with reprints of the original story being recolored for the next two decades, until The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #302 reintroduced the grey Hulk in flashbacks set close to the origin story, since then, reprints of the first issue have displayed the original grey coloring, with the fictional canon specifying that the Hulks skin had initially been grey. Lee gave the Hulks alter ego the alliterative name Bruce Banner because he found he had difficulty remembering alliterative names. Despite this, in stories he misremembered the characters name and referred to him as Bob Banner
18.
Marvel Cinematic Universe
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The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series and digital series. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, clark Gregg has appeared the most in the franchise, portraying Phil Coulson, a character original to the MCU. The first film released in the MCU was Iron Man, which began the first phase of films culminating in the crossover film Marvels The Avengers, Phase Two began with Iron Man 3, and concluded with Ant-Man. The films are currently in Phase Three, which began with the release of Captain America, Marvel Television expanded the universe further, first to network television with Marvels Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. Marvel Television has also produced the digital series Marvels Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D, slingshot, which is a supplement to Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. Soundtrack albums have been released for all of the films, along many of television series. It has inspired film and television studios with comic book character adaptation rights to attempt to create similar shared universes. By 2005, Marvel Entertainment began planning to produce its own films. Previously, Marvel had co-produced several superhero films with Columbia Pictures, New Line Cinema and others, Marvel made relatively little profit from its licensing deals with other studios and wanted to get more money out of its films while maintaining artistic control of the projects and distribution. Avi Arad, head of Marvels film division, was pleased with Sam Raimis Spider-Man films at Sony, as a result, they decided to form Marvel Studios, Hollywoods first major independent movie studio since DreamWorks. Feige, a self-professed fanboy, envisioned creating a shared universe just as creators Stan Lee, to raise capital, the studio secured funding from a seven-year, $525 million revolving credit facility with Merrill Lynch. Marvels plan was to release films for their main characters. Arad, who doubted the strategy yet insisted that it was his reputation that helped secure the initial financing, in 2007, at 33 years old, Feige was named studio chief. Feige initially referred to the narrative continuity of these films as the Marvel Cinema Universe. Marvel has designated the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Earth-199999 within the continuity of the companys multiverse, while not always the case, as evident by the 2013 releases of Iron Man 3 and Thor, The Dark World, he said it is certainly something to aim for. Feige expanded on this in July 2014, saying, I dont know that well keep to every year, wed rather find a way to keep that going. After the titles were revealed in October 2014, Feige said, which made us comfortable for the first time. To increase to three films a year instead of just two, without changing our methods, just like comic readers have been doing for decades and decades
19.
Edward Norton
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Edward Harrison Norton is an American actor, filmmaker and activist. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards for his work in the films Primal Fear, American History X and Birdman and he also starred in other roles, such as Everyone Says I Love You, The People vs. Larry Flynt, Fight Club, Red Dragon, 25th Hour, Kingdom of Heaven, The Illusionist, Moonrise Kingdom, The Grand Budapest Hotel and he has also directed and co-written films, including his directorial debut, Keeping the Faith. He has done uncredited work on the scripts for The Score, Frida, Norton is president of the American branch of the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust. He ran in the 2009 New York City Marathon to raise money for the Trust and he also raises money for charity through Crowdrise, a social networking community for volunteers and a micro-donations fundraising platform. In July 2010, Norton was designated as the United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, on July 2,2014, Norton was elected chairman of the board of trustees to Signature Theatre, a not-for-profit theater company in New York. Norton has been on Signatures board since 1996 and served as the co-chair of the Capital Campaign during the building of the Pershing Square Signature Center, Norton was born in Boston, Massachusetts and raised in Columbia, Maryland. His mother, Lydia Robinson Robin, a teacher of English, Norton has two younger siblings, Molly and Jim, with whom he has professionally collaborated. He graduated in 1987 from Columbias Wilde Lake High School, where his classmates included New York City Council member Mark Levine, after graduation, Norton worked in Osaka, Japan, consulting for his grandfathers company, Enterprise Community Partners, and speaks some Japanese. He appeared in an EFL textbook, Only in America, used by Nova and he moved to New York City to star in the Off-Broadway theater, breaking through with his 1993 involvement in Edward Albees Fragments, at the Signature Theatre Company. In his film debut Primal Fear, Norton played Aaron Stampler, a boy charged with the murder of a Roman Catholic Archbishop. The film is an adaptation of William Diehls novel, ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly wrote, Norton gives a performance thats fully the equal of Geres – hes as slyly self-effacing as Gere is slyly ostentatious. Despite the mixed reviews, Norton won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and that same year, Norton played lawyer Alan Isaacman in The People vs. In 1998, he played Derek Vinyard, a reformed neo-Nazi, in the film American History X, David Denby of The New Yorker noted that he gives Derek ambiguous erotic allure, the film received positive reviews and grossed over $23 million worldwide at the box office. His performance earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor, later, Norton starred with Matt Damon in Rounders, which follows two friends who urgently need to earn enough cash playing poker to pay off a huge debt. In David Finchers 1999 film Fight Club, Norton played an unreliable narrator who feels trapped in his white-collar position and it is based on Chuck Palahniuks novel of the same name. To prepare for the role, Norton took lessons in boxing, taekwondo, Fight Club premiered at the 1999 Venice International Film Festival. During promotion for the film, he said, I feel that Fight Club really, probed into the despair and paralysis that people feel in the face of having inherited this value system out of advertising
20.
The Incredible Hulk (film)
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The Incredible Hulk is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character the Hulk, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Universal Pictures. It is the film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film was directed by Louis Leterrier, with a screenplay by Zak Penn and it stars Edward Norton, Liv Tyler, Tim Roth, Tim Blake Nelson, Ty Burrell, and William Hurt. In The Incredible Hulk, a new backstory is established where Bruce Banner becomes the Hulk as a pawn in a military scheme to reinvigorate the supersoldier program through gamma radiation. After the mixed reception to the 2003 film Hulk, Marvel Studios reacquired the rights to the character, filming mostly took place in Toronto, Ontario, from July to November 2007. Over 700 visual effects shots were created in using a combination of motion capture. Critical praise went to the visuals, action sequences. The film was one at the box office, grossing over $263 million worldwide. The Hulk destroys the lab and injures or kills the people inside, Banner becomes a fugitive from the U. S. military and Ross in particular, who wants to weaponize the Hulk process. Five years later, Banner works at a factory in Rocinha, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. On the Internet, he collaborates with a colleague he knows only as Mr. Blue and he is also learning meditative breathing techniques to help keep control, and has not transformed in five months. After Banner cuts his finger, a drop of his blood falls into a bottle, using the bottle to track down Banner, Ross sends a SWAT team, led by Russian-born British Royal Marine Emil Blonsky, to capture him. Banner transforms into the Hulk and defeats Blonskys team, Banner returns to Culver University and reunites with Betty, who is dating psychiatrist Leonard Samson. Banner is attacked by Ross and Blonskys forces, tipped off by the suspicious Samson, the ensuing battle outside the university proves to be futile for Ross forces and they eventually retreat, though Blonsky, whose sanity is starting to falter, boldly attacks and mocks the Hulk. The Hulk seemingly kills Blonsky and flees with Betty, after the Hulk reverts to Banner, he and Betty go on the run, and Banner contacts Mr. Blue, who urges them to meet him in New York City. Mr. Blue is actually cellular biologist Dr. Samuel Sterns, after a successful test, he warns Banner that the antidote may only reverse each individual transformation. Sterns reveals he has synthesized Banners blood samples, which Banner sent from Brazil, into a large supply, fearful of the Hulks power falling into the militarys hands, Banner wishes to destroy the blood supply. Meanwhile, Blonsky is revealed to have survived the battle and has completely healed and he joins Ross forces for a third attempt to take Banner into custody
21.
The Avengers (2012 film)
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In the film, Nick Fury, director of the peacekeeping organization S. H. I. E. L. D. Recruits Iron Man, Captain America, the Hulk, and Thor to form a team that must stop Thors brother Loki from subjugating Earth, the films development began when Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch in April 2005. After the success of the film Iron Man in May 2008, with the signing of Johansson in March 2009, the film was pushed back for a 2012 release. Whedon was brought on board in April 2010 and rewrote the screenplay by Zak Penn. Production began in April 2011 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, before moving to Cleveland, Ohio, in August, the film was converted to 3D in post-production. The Avengers premiered on April 11,2012, at Hollywoods El Capitan Theatre and was released theatrically in the United States on May 4,2012. The film received reviews from critics, as well as numerous awards and nominations including Academy Award. It has set or tied numerous box office records, including the biggest opening weekend in North America, the Avengers grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide, and became the third-highest-grossing film during its theatrical run—as well as the first Marvel production to generate $1 billion in ticket sales. The film was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on September 25,2012, the Asgardian Loki encounters the Other, the leader of an extraterrestrial race known as the Chitauri. In exchange for retrieving the Tesseract,2 a powerful source of unknown potential. Agent Phil Coulson explains that the object has begun radiating an unusual form of energy, the Tesseract suddenly activates and opens a wormhole, allowing Loki to reach Earth. Loki takes the Tesseract and uses his scepter to enslave Selvig, in response to the attack, Fury reactivates the Avengers Initiative. Agent Natasha Romanoff is sent to Calcutta to recruit Dr. Bruce Banner to trace the Tesseract through its gamma radiation emissions, Coulson visits Tony Stark to have him review Selvigs research, and Fury approaches Steve Rogers with an assignment to retrieve the Tesseract. While Loki is being escorted to S. H. I. E. L. D, Thor, his adoptive brother, arrives and frees him, hoping to convince him to abandon his plan and return to Asgard. After a confrontation with Stark and Rogers, Thor agrees to take Loki to S. H. I. E. L. D. s flying aircraft carrier, there Loki is imprisoned while Banner and Stark attempt to locate the Tesseract. The Avengers become divided, both over how to approach Loki and the revelation that S. H. I. E. L. D, plans to harness the Tesseract to develop weapons as a deterrent against hostile extraterrestrials. As the group argues, Barton and Lokis other possessed agents attack the Helicarrier, disabling its engines in flight, Stark and Rogers try to restart the damaged engine, and Thor attempts to stop the Hulks rampage. Romanoff fights Barton, and knocks him unconscious, breaking Lokis mind control, Loki escapes after killing Coulson and ejecting Thor from the airship, while the Hulk falls to the ground after attacking a S. H. I. E. L. D
22.
Iron Man 3
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Shane Black directed a screenplay he co-wrote with Drew Pearce, which uses concepts from the Extremis story arc by Warren Ellis. The film stars Robert Downey Jr. Gwyneth Paltrow, Don Cheadle, Guy Pearce, Rebecca Hall, Stephanie Szostak, James Badge Dale, Jon Favreau, and Ben Kingsley. After the release of Iron Man 2 in May 2010, Favreau, who served as director, decided not to return, Black and Pearce opted to make the script more character-centric and focused on thriller elements. Throughout April and May 2012, the supporting cast was filled out, with Kingsley, Pearce. Filming began on May 23, and lasted through December 17,2012, primarily at EUE/Screen Gems Studios in Wilmington, additional shooting took place at various locations around North Carolina, as well as Florida, China, and Los Angeles. The visual effects were handled by 17 companies, including Scanline VFX, Digital Domain, the film was converted to 3D in post-production. Iron Man 3 premiered at Le Grand Rex in Paris on April 14,2013 and it began its release on April 25,2013, internationally, and debuted in the United States one week later on May 3. The film also received a nomination for Academy Award in the category of Best Visual Effects, disabled scientist Aldrich Killian offers them a place in his company Advanced Idea Mechanics, but Stark rejects the offer, humiliating Killian. Years later, six months after the Battle of New York, restless, he has built several dozen Iron Man suits, creating friction with his girlfriend Pepper Potts. Meanwhile, a string of bombings by a terrorist known only as the Mandarin has left intelligence agencies bewildered by a lack of forensic evidence. Starks security chief Happy Hogan is badly injured in a Mandarin attack, causing Stark to issue a threat to the Mandarin. Hansen, who came to warn Stark, survives the attack along with Potts, Stark escapes in an Iron Man suit, which his artificial intelligence J. A. R. V. I. S. Pilots to rural Tennessee, following a plan from Starks investigation into the Mandarin. Starks experimental armor lacks sufficient power to return to California, teaming with Harley, a precocious 10-year-old boy, Stark investigates the remains of a local explosion bearing the hallmarks of a Mandarin attack. He discovers the bombings were triggered by soldiers subjected to Extremis, after veterans started exploding, these explosions were falsely attributed to a terrorist plot in order to cover up Extremiss flaws. Stark witnesses Extremis firsthand when Mandarin agents Brandt and Savin attack him, with Harleys help, Stark traces the Mandarin to Miami and infiltrates his headquarters using improvised weapons. Inside he discovers the Mandarin is actually an English actor named Trevor Slattery, after capturing Stark, Killian shows him Potts being subjected to Extremis, in order to gain Starks aid to fix Extremiss flaws and thus save Potts. Killian kills Hansen when she has a change of heart and tries to stop him, Stark escapes and reunites with Rhodes, discovering that Killian intends to attack President Ellis aboard Air Force One
23.
Avengers: Age of Ultron
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Avengers, Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012s The Avengers and the film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr. Jackson, in Avengers, Age of Ultron, the Avengers fight Ultron, an artificial intelligence obsessed with causing human extinction. The sequel was announced in May 2012, after the release of The Avengers. Whedon, the director of the first film, was back on board in August. By April 2013, Whedon had completed a draft of the script, second unit filming began in February 2014 in South Africa with principal photography taking place between March and August 2014. The film was shot at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, with additional footage filmed in Italy, South Korea, Bangladesh, New York City. While in post production, the film was converted to 3D, Avengers, Age of Ultron premiered in Los Angeles on April 13,2015, and was released on May 1,2015, in North America, in 3D and IMAX 3D. The film received reviews from critics and grossed over $1.4 billion worldwide, making it the seventh-highest-grossing film in history. A sequel, Avengers, Infinity War, is scheduled to be released on May 4,2018, Stark and Banner discover an artificial intelligence within the scepters gem, and secretly use it to complete Starks Ultron global defense program. The unexpectedly sentient Ultron, believing he must eradicate humanity to save Earth, J. A. R. V. I. S. and attacks the Avengers at their headquarters. Escaping with the scepter, Ultron uses the resources in Struckers Sokovia base to upgrade his rudimentary body and build an army of robot drones. Having killed Strucker, he recruits the Maximoffs, who hold Stark responsible for their parents deaths by his weapons, and go to the base of arms dealer Ulysses Klaue to obtain Wakandan vibranium. Thor departs to consult with Dr. Erik Selvig on the meaning of the future he saw in his hallucination, while Romanoff. However, Nick Fury arrives and encourages the team to form a plan to stop Ultron, in Seoul, Ultron forces the teams friend Dr. Helen Cho to use her synthetic-tissue technology, together with vibranium and the scepters gem, to perfect a new body for him. As Ultron uploads himself into the body, Wanda is able to read his mind, discovering his plan for human extinction, Rogers, Romanoff, and Barton find Ultron and retrieve the synthetic body, but Ultron captures Romanoff. The Avengers fight amongst themselves when Stark secretly uploads J. A. R. V. I. S, – who is still operational after hiding from Ultron inside the Internet – into the synthetic body. Thor returns to help activate the body, explaining that the gem on its brow – one of the six Infinity Stones, Banner rescues Romanoff, who awakens the Hulk for the battle
24.
Thor: Ragnarok
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Thor, Ragnarok is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Thor, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is intended to be the sequel to 2011s Thor and 2013s Thor, The Dark World, in Thor, Ragnarok, Thor must defeat the Hulk in a gladiatorial duel in time to save Asgard from Hela and the coming Ragnarök. A third Thor film was confirmed in January 2014, with the title and involvement of Hemsworth and Hiddleston announced that October. Waititi joined the film as director the next October, after Alan Taylor chose not to return from the second film, with the Hulks inclusion, elements from the 2006 comic storyline Planet Hulk were adapted for Ragnarok. The rest of the cast was confirmed the next May, with Pearson revealed to be involved with the film at the start of filming in July 2016. Principal photography took place from July to October,2016, in Queensland and Sydney, Australia, Thor, Ragnarok is scheduled to be released on November 3,2017, in IMAX. Chris Hemsworth as Thor, The crown prince of Asgard, based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name, Hemsworth stated that following the events of Avengers, Age of Ultron, Ragnarok finds Thor exploring and policing the universe while enjoying being a drifter. Director Taika Waititi said that he wanted to use more of Hemsworths comedic talents showcased in films like Vacation and Ghostbusters, saying, He’s so good, He’s legitimately one of the funniest things in this film. Tom Hiddleston as Loki, Thors adoptive brother and nemesis based on the deity of the same name, on playing the character for a fourth time, Hiddleston said he was interested in how Lokis attitude has changed, adding Im four years older. And there will just be new things find in it, the most exciting thing about is that he is always a trickster. It is trying to find new ways for him to be mischievous, regarding the inclusion of the Hulk in the film, Hiddleston said that Loki has a few chips on his shoulder due to the previous interaction between the two characters in The Avengers. Cate Blanchett as Hela, The ruler of Hel and Niflheim, based on the deity Hel, who has been inadvertently released from her prison. About the character, Blanchett said, Shes been locked away for millennia getting more and more cross, Blanchett also stated that Helas headdress can be used as a weapon and that she can manifest weapons from different parts of her body. She also took care to discuss with Marvel and Waititi to help define when Hela would be masked, Blanchett worked with stuntwoman Zoë Bell and studied capoeira in preparation for the role. Idris Elba as Heimdall, The all-seeing, all-hearing Asgardian sentry of the Bifröst Bridge, Jeff Goldblum as Grandmaster, A cosmic being fascinated with gaming and chance, who enjoys manipulating lesser life-forms, and is the ruler of the planet Sakaar. Goldblum described the character as a hedonist, a pleasure-seeker, an enjoyer of life and tastes and he also said that Waititi encouraged improvisation in order for Goldblum to make own. Tessa Thompson as Valkyrie, A tough, hard-drinking Asgardian warrior, based on the mythological being Brynhildr, who has formed a business relationship with Grandmaster while hiding out on Sakaar. Feige also stated that Valkyrie has spurned her Asgardian heritage elaborating, Waititi stated that Thompsons casting was not just about creating diversity explaining, Im not obsessed with the idea that you have to cast someone just to tick a box
25.
Avengers: Infinity War
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Avengers, Infinity War is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is intended to be the sequel to 2012s Marvels The Avengers and 2015s Avengers, Age of Ultron, in Avengers, Infinity War, the Avengers join forces with the Guardians of the Galaxy to confront Thanos. The film was announced in October 2014 as Avengers, Infinity War – Part 1, the Russo brothers came on board to direct in April 2015 and by May, Markus and McFeely signed on to write the script for the film. In July 2016, Marvel shortened the titled to Avengers, Infinity War, filming began in January 2017, at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, shooting back-to-back with a direct sequel until October/November 2017. Additional filming took place in Scotland, Avengers, Infinity War is scheduled to be released on May 4,2018, in IMAX. An untitled sequel is scheduled to be released on May 3,2019, co-director Joe Russo said that Tony senses this greater threat approaching, so he is doing everything in his power to keep the Earth safe. Josh Brolin as Thanos, A powerful being who longs to collect all of the Infinity Stones in order to conquer the universe, co-screenwriter Stephen McFeely noted that Thanos wants to amass the Infinity Stones so he can re-balance the universe as he sees it. In addition to providing the voice for the character, Brolin performed motion capture on set, on choosing to portray Thanos, Brolin said that his good friend Marvel Studios co-president Louis DEsposito called me up and started talking about this thing. It was nice because I could intimately talk to him about it, what I didnt like about the whole idea of it. It was really exciting because of the possibilities that it could become, not as an idea or as a blockbuster, but just as something different. Brolin was looking to explore the humanity of the character, saying there are parts of him that are unfounded to me, which will be found. Mark Ruffalo as Bruce Banner / Hulk, An Avenger and a genius scientist who, because of exposure to gamma radiation, tom Hiddleston as Loki, Thors adoptive brother and nemesis based on the deity of the same name. Joe Russo added, His responsibility to himself is now in conflict with his responsibility to others and his road forward involves figuring out who Steve Rogers is without the shield. Chris Hemsworth as Thor, An Avenger and the prince of Asgard. Joe Russo stated that Thors storyline picks up after the events of Thor, Ragnarok, very interesting place and gives him a real emotional motivation after that. Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton / Hawkeye, A master archer and former agent of S. H. I. E. L. D, who is a member of Rogers faction of Avengers. Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch, A member of Rogers faction of Avengers, sebastian Stan as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier, An enhanced assassin and Rogers ally and best friend, who reemerged brainwashed after being thought killed in action during World War II. Aaron Lazar will serve as Cumberbatchs stand-in during filming, until the latter completes filming on The Current War, at that point, Cumberbatch will re-shoot scenes where his face needs to be seen
26.
Untitled Avengers film
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The film was announced in October 2014 as Avengers, Infinity War – Part 2. The Russo brothers came on board to direct in April 2015 and by May, Markus, in July 2016, Marvel removed the films title, referring to it simply as Untitled Avengers film. Filming began in January 2017, at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, shooting back-to-back with Avengers, additional filming took place in Scotland. The film is scheduled to be released on May 3,2019, josh Brolin as Thanos, A powerful being who longs to collect all of the Infinity Stones in order to conquer the universe. In addition to providing the voice for the character, Brolin performed motion capture on set, mark Ruffalo as Bruce Banner / Hulk, An Avenger and a genius scientist who, because of exposure to gamma radiation, transforms into a monster when enraged or agitated. Tom Hiddleston as Loki, Thors adoptive brother and nemesis based on the deity of the same name, chris Hemsworth as Thor, An Avenger and the crown prince of Asgard, based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name. Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton / Hawkeye, A master archer and former agent of S. H. I. E. L. D, who is a member of Rogers faction of Avengers. Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch, A member of Rogers faction of Avengers who can harness magic, aaron Lazar will serve as Cumberbatchs stand-in during filming, until the latter completes filming on The Current War. At that point, Cumberbatch will reshoot scenes where his needs to be seen. Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury, The former director of S. H. I. E. L. D. Evangeline Lilly as Hope van Dyne / Wasp, The daughter of Hank Pym and Janet van Dyne, who is bequeathed a similar suit and the Wasp sobriquet from her mother. Lilly said that her character would not appear in Avengers, Infinity War in order to preserve her reveal as the Wasp in Ant-Man, karen Gillan as Nebula, An adopted daughter of Thanos who was raised with Gamora as siblings, and a member of the Guardians. Anthony Mackie as Sam Wilson / Falcon, A member of Rogers faction of Avengers, in October 2014, Marvel announced a two-part sequel to Age of Ultron, titled Avengers, Infinity War. Part 1 was scheduled to be released on May 4,2018, in April 2015, Marvel announced that Anthony and Joe Russo would direct both parts of Avengers, Infinity War, with back-to-back filming expected to begin in 2016. Also in the month, Kevin Feige said the films would be two, distinct films because they such shared elements, it felt appropriate, but I wouldn’t call it one story thats cut in half. I would say its going to be two distinct movies, by May 2015, Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely signed on to write the screenplays for both parts of the film. In July 2016, Marvel removed the title, simply referring to it as Untitled Avengers film. Anthony Russo stated that the new title for the film would not be revealed for some time
27.
The Normal Heart (film)
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The Normal Heart is a 2014 American drama television film directed by Ryan Murphy and written by Larry Kramer, based on his own 1985 play of same name. The film stars Mark Ruffalo, Matt Bomer, Taylor Kitsch, Jim Parsons, Alfred Molina, Joe Mantello, Jonathan Groff and it was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 26,2014. The film depicts the rise of the HIV-AIDS crisis in New York City between 1981 and 1984, as seen through the eyes of writer/activist Ned Weeks, the founder of a prominent HIV advocacy group. Weeks prefers public confrontations to the calmer, more private strategies favored by his associates, friends and their differences of opinion lead to arguments that threaten to undermine their shared goals. Ned Weeks is a gay writer from New York City who travels to Fire Island Pines on Long Island to celebrate the birthday of his friend Craig Donner at a house on the beach. Other friends in attendance include Mickey Marcus and the charismatic Bruce Niles, Craig is young and appears to be in good health. While walking on the beach, however, Craig feels dizzy, later, when blowing out the candles on his birthday cake, Craig begins to cough repeatedly. While traveling back to New York City, Ned reads an article in The New York Times titled Rare Cancer Diagnosed in 41 Homosexuals, all of these cases seem to be appearing in gay men. In the waiting room, Ned meets Sanford, a patient whose face and hands are marked with skin lesions caused by Kaposis sarcoma, Brookner examines Ned, but finds that he does not have the symptoms of this disease. She asks Ned to help her raise awareness of disease within the gay community. Craig suddenly suffers violent convulsions and is rushed to the hospital with Ned, Mickey, Brookner recognizes Bruce, noting that he is the former boyfriend of another one of her patients who recently died. Ned organizes a gathering at his home where many gay men are invited to hear Brookner share information about the disease. Though she lacks conclusive evidence, she states her belief that the illness is sexually transmissible and she notes that few medical journals appear interested in publishing anything on this disease which is mostly affecting homosexual men. Ned announces that he wants to start an organization to spread information about the disease, Brookner and Ned visit a local hospital where several of her sick patients are in critical condition with an illness that is now being referred to as gay-related immune deficiency. They stay in rooms that many hospital staff are afraid to enter for fear of contracting the disease, Ned, Bruce, Mickey, and several other friends including Tommy Boatwright establish a community organization called Gay Mens Health Crisis. The organization sponsors fundraisers for research on the now called AIDS and establishes a telephone hotline, counseling. Over Neds objections, they elect Bruce their President, Ned arranges for his older brother, lawyer Ben Weeks, to provide free legal advice to the GMHC. The two brothers are close, but there remains an underlying tension over Bens lack of understanding of Neds sexuality, Ned contacts gay New York Times reporter Felix Turner, hoping that he can use his media connections to publish more stories about the unfolding health crisis
28.
Foxcatcher
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Foxcatcher is a 2014 American biographical sports true crime drama film produced and directed by Bennett Miller. Written by E. Max Frye and Dan Futterman, the film stars Steve Carell, Channing Tatum, although the films action is largely set at du Ponts now-broken-up 800-acre suburban Philadelphia estate Foxcatcher Farm, the majority of the movie was filmed in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Foxcatcher received critical acclaim for the performances of Carell, Tatum, and Ruffalo, as well as Millers direction and it was nominated for the Palme dOr in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, where Miller won the Best Director Award. The film had three Golden Globe Award nominations, including Best Picture, the film was nominated for five Oscars at the 2015 Academy Awards, including a Best Actor nomination for Carell, Best Supporting Actor for Ruffalo and Best Director for Miller. Olympic wrestling champion Mark Schultz speaks at a school in place of his older brother. Both are Olympic gold medal winners, but Mark feels overshadowed by Dave, du Pont invites Mark to join his wrestling team, Team Foxcatcher, to be paid to train for the World Championship. Mark accepts the offer, with du Pont urging him to enlist Dave as well, Dave declines for the sake of his wife and two children, who are settled where they live, so Mark moves to Pennsylvania alone. Mark stays in a homey guest house and is greeted there later in the night by du Pont, through training with his new teammates and du Ponts financial support, Mark excels with Foxcatcher, winning a Gold Medal at the 1987 World Wrestling Championships. Du Pont praises him, and they develop a friendship, du Pont introduces Mark to cocaine, which he starts to use regularly. He confides in Mark, whom he now calls a friend, telling him how his mother, Jean du Pont. Jean tells her son that she believes wrestling is a low sport, one day, Mark and his teammates in Foxcatcher take the morning off from training to watch mixed martial arts on TV. Angered by this, du Pont verbally and physically rebuffs him, Dave decides to move with his family to Pennsylvania so he can join Foxcatcher. His self-esteem damaged by du Pont, Mark decides to work and train alone, pushing away du Pont, as Team Foxcatcher prepares to enter the preliminaries for the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, du Ponts mother is escorted into du Ponts gym to watch him coach his team. He awkwardly demonstrates basic maneuvers for her and the other wrestlers, Jean leaves in disgust after seeing du Pont give his back to his student. At the 1988 Olympic Trials in Pensacola, Florida, Mark performs poorly, angered by his failure, Mark destroys his room, cries and goes on an eating binge. Dave manages to break into his room and is alarmed at his brothers condition and they work feverishly so Mark can make his weight class. As Mark exercises, Dave prevents du Pont from speaking with Mark, Mark competes well enough to win his match and make the Olympic team. Dave notices that du Pont is absent, learning that he left for Pennsylvania after being told his mother died
29.
Infinitely Polar Bear
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Infinitely Polar Bear is a 2014 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Maya Forbes, and starring Mark Ruffalo, Zoe Saldana, Imogene Wolodarsky, and Ashley Aufderheide. The film premiered in competition at the 30th Sundance Film Festival on January 18,2014, the film was released on June 19,2015, by Sony Pictures Classics. In the late 1970s, Cameron Stuart is a Boston man suffering from bipolar disorder and he has had a psychotic break, which has caused him to be fired from his job and hospitalized. As Cam is rehabilitated, he moves from a house out on his own. Maggie begins to apply to business schools so the family eventually become more financially secure. Maggie manages to obtain a scholarship to attend Columbia University, however, his daughters love Cam deeply and try to help him raise them. Cam takes them to visit his grandmother, a wealthy Boston Brahmin who controls the family trust, after his grandmother tries to give Cam her Bentley, he asks her to instead pay for the girls to be privately educated, but the grandmother refuses. Maggie begins to near graduation, which Cam hopes will enable them to live like a family once more, however, Cam reveals to Maggie that he has been off his lithium since she left, and Maggie is unable to find a suitable job in Boston. Maggie decides to take a job she has offered at E. F. Hutton & Co. in New York City, leaving Cam behind in Boston. A year later the girls are enrolled in school and Cam continues to take care of them. Although some people questioned whether Wolodarsky would be right for the role, Forbes was certain, particularly after seeing her audition with Ruffalo. Forbes told a reporter for USA Today that it was an advantage having her own daughter, Imogene Wolodarsky, play one of the starring roles, and I didnt have to worry What if I damage this kid forever. Imogenes part is so demanding because of all the emotional stuff, I would go into a corner with her and I would cry about what the scene was about and tell her why I was crying and what it meant and shed cry and then wed go do the scene. She has such a huge heart, the shooting of the film began on April 9,2013 in Providence, Rhode Island. J. J. Abrams and Bryan Burk served as producers of the film. After premiering at Sundance, the film was acquired by Sony Pictures Classics for major territories in North America, the film has played at several film festivals including the Deauville American Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival, and the Vancouver International Film Festival. The film was released on June 19,2015, by Sony Pictures Classics, the film has a score of 79% on Rotten Tomatoes, and a score of 65 on Metacritic, indicating generally favorable reviews. The film also earned Mark Ruffalo a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, Infinitely Polar Bear was released on DVD & Blu-ray on January 5,2016
30.
Spotlight (film)
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Spotlight is a 2015 American biographical crime drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and written by McCarthy and Josh Singer. It is based on a series of stories by the Spotlight team that earned The Globe the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service. The film stars Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams, John Slattery, Stanley Tucci, Brian dArcy James, Liev Schreiber, Spotlight was shown in the Out of Competition section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival. It was also shown at the Telluride Film Festival and the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival, the film was released on November 6,2015, by Open Road Films and grossed $90 million worldwide. It won numerous guilds and critics awards, and was named one of the finest films of 2015 by various publications. Spotlight won the Academy Award for Best Picture along with Best Original Screenplay from six nominations in total and this also marks the first film to win Best Picture from a different mini-major studio than Lionsgate, Summit, Miramax, or TWC. In 1976, at a Boston Police station, two policemen discuss the arrest of a Catholic priest for child molestation and the presence of a high ranking cleric talking to the mother of the children. The Assistant District Attorney then enters the precinct and tells the cops not to let the press get wind of what happened, the arrest is hushed up, and the priest is released. In 2001, The Boston Globe hires a new editor, Marty Baron, Baron meets Walter Robby Robinson, the editor of the newspapers Spotlight team, a small group of journalists writing investigative articles that take months to research and publish. Journalist Michael Rezendes contacts Garabedian, who declines to be interviewed. Though he is not to, Rezendes reveals that he is on the Spotlight team. Through Phil Saviano, who heads the victims rights group Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests and they learn through Richard Sipe, a former priest who worked at trying to rehabilitate pedophile priests, that statistically there should be approximately 90 abusive priests in Boston. Through their research, they develop a list of 87 names, when the September 11 attacks occur, the team is forced to deprioritize the story. They regain momentum when Rezendes learns from Garabedian that there are publicly available documents that confirm Cardinal Law was made aware of the problem and ignored it. The story goes to print with a web link to the documents that expose Cardinal Laws inaction, the following morning, the Spotlight team is inundated with phone calls from victims coming forward to tell their stories. Mark Ruffalo as Michael Rezendes Michael Keaton as Walter Robby Robinson Rachel McAdams as Sacha Pfeiffer Liev Schreiber as Marty Baron John Slattery as Ben Bradlee, Jr. When McCarthy was asked how he and his co-author tackled the research and writing process, he stated, As I said, that’s probably some indication of how intimidating it was. And yeah, it was a lot of work, but it was exciting work and it was really interesting work, parsing through details of not just the investigation, but its findings, and trying to determine what was most helpful in telling our story
31.
Given name
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
32.
Italian Americans
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Italian Americans are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Italy, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. Italian Americans are the fourth largest European ethnic group in the United States, about 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004. Immigration began in earnest during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated than during the five previous decades altogether. The 1870s were followed by the greatest surge of immigration, which occurred in the period between 1880 and 1914 and brought more than 4 million Italians to America. This period of large scale immigration ended abruptly with the onset of the First World War in 1914 and, except for one year, further immigration would be greatly limited by a number of restrictive laws passed by Congress in the 1920s. Approximately 84% of the Italian immigrants came from Southern Italy and Sicily, after unification, the Italian government initially encouraged emigration to relieve economic pressures in the South. After the American Civil War, which resulted in over a million killed or wounded, immigrant workers were recruited from Italy. In the United States, most Italians began their new lives as manual laborers in Eastern cities, mining camps, Italian Americans gradually moved from the lower rungs of the economic scale in the first generation to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. By 1990, more than 65% of Italian Americans were managerial, professional, the Italian-American communities have often been characterized by strong ties with family, the Catholic Church, fraternal organizations and political parties. Today, over 17 million Americans claim Italian ancestry, third only to Brazil with 31 million, and Argentina, Italians and their descendants in America have helped to shape the country and, in turn, have adapted to it. They have gained prominence in politics, sports, the media, the arts, the culinary arts. Italian navigators and explorers played a key role in the discovery, exploration, christopher Columbus, the explorer who first reached the Americas in 1492–1504, was Italian. Another notable Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, who explored the east coast of South America between 1499 and 1502, is the source of the name America. Englands claims in North America were based on the voyages of the Italian explorer John Cabot, in 1524 the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to map the Atlantic coast of todays United States, and to enter New York Bay. In 1539, Marco da Nizza, explored the territory later became the states of Arizona. In the 17th century, Henri de Tonti, together with the French explorer LaSalle, De Tonti founded the first European settlement in Illinois in 1679, and in Arkansas in 1683. With LaSalle, he co-founded New Orleans, and was governor of the Louisiana Territory for the next 20 years and his brother Alphonse de Tonty, with French explorer Antoine Cadillac, was the co-founder of Detroit in 1701, and was its acting colonial governor for 12 years. Spain and France were Catholic countries and sent many missionaries to convert the native population, included among these missionaries were numerous Italians
33.
French Canadians
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French Canadians are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward. Today, French Canadians constitute the main French-speaking population in Canada, today, French Canadians live across North America. The province of Quebec has the largest population of French-Canadian descent, though smaller communities exist throughout Canada, between 1840 and 1930, roughly 900,000 French Canadians emigrated to the United States, mostly to the New England region. Other terms for French Canadians who continue to reside in the province of Quebec, are Quebecers or Québécois, the other major group of French Canadians are the Acadians who reside in the Maritime Provinces. In total, those who identify as French Canadian, French, Québécois, the French Canadians get their name from Canada, the most developed and densely populated region of New France during the period of French colonization in the 17th and 18th century. The original use of the term Canada referred to the area along the St. From 1535 to the 1690s, the French word Canadien had referred to the First Nations the French had encountered in the St. Lawrence River valley at Stadacona, at the end of the 17th century, Canadien became an ethnonym distinguishing the inhabitants of Canada from those of France. French Canadians living in Canada express their identity using a number of terms. The Ethnic Diversity Survey of the 2006 Canadian census found that French-speaking Canadians identified their ethnicity most often as French, French Canadians, Québécois, the latter three were grouped together by Jantzen as French New World ancestries because they originate in Canada. Canadien was used to refer to the French-speaking residents of New France beginning in the last half of the 17th century, the English-speaking residents who arrived later from Great Britain were called Anglais. This usage continued until Canadian Confederation in 1867 and those reporting French New World ancestries overwhelmingly had ancestors that went back at least four generations in Canada. Fourth generation Canadiens and Québécois showed considerable attachment to their group, with 70% and 61%, respectively. The generational profile and strength of identity of French New World ancestries contrast with those of British or Canadian ancestries, which represent the largest ethnic identities in Canada. As a result, their identification with their ethnicity is weaker, for example, only 50% of third generation Canadians strongly identify as such, bringing down the overall average. The survey report notes that 80% of Canadians whose families had been in Canada for three or more generations reported Canadian and provincial or regional ethnic identities and these identities include French New World ancestries such as Québécois, Acadian. Since the 1960s, French Canadians in Quebec have generally used Québécois or Québécoise to express their cultural and national identity, rather than Canadien français, francophones who self-identify as Québécois and do not have French-Canadian ancestry may not identify as French Canadian. Those who do have French or French-Canadian ancestry, but who support Quebec sovereignty and this is a reflection of the strong social, cultural, and political ties that most Quebeckers of French-Canadian origin, who constitute a majority of francophone Quebecers, maintain within Quebec. French Canadians outside Quebec are more likely to self-identify as French Canadian, identification with provincial groupings varies from province to province, with Franco-Ontarians, for example, using their provincial label far more frequently than Franco-Columbians do
34.
Catholic school
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Catholic schools are parochial schools or education ministries of the Catholic Church. As of 2011, the Church operates the worlds largest non-governmental school system, in 2016, the church supported 43,800 secondary schools, and 95,200 primary schools. Catholic schools participate in the mission of the Church, integrating religious education as the core subject within their curriculum. Irish immigration provides the main contribution to the increases in Catholic communities across the globe, the Irish immigration established the revival of Catholicism through movement to countries across Europe, United Kingdom and Australia. Historically, the establishment of Catholic schools in Europe encountered various struggles following the creation of the Church of England in the Elizabethan Religious settlements of 1558-63, anti-Catholicism in this period encouraged Catholics to create modern Catholic education systems to preserve their traditions. The Relief Acts of 1782 and the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 later increased the possibility to openly practice Catholicism in England and this led to the development of numerous native religious congregations which established schools, hospitals, orphanages, reformatories, and workhouses. Traditionally, Catholic schools originated as single sex schools, Catholic schools were previously required to depend on school fees and endowments. Endowments dropped off sharply causing fees to rise and this prevented some students from enrolling due to their inability to pay. Catholic schools are distinct from their public school counterparts in focusing on the development of individuals as practitioners of the Catholic faith, the leaders, teachers and students are required to focus on four fundamental rules initiated by the Church and school. This includes the Catholic identity of the school, education in regards to life and faith, celebration of life and faith, however, non-Catholics, whether Christian or not, may need to participate in or be exempted from required activities, particularly those of a religious nature. These are in keeping with the spirit of social inclusiveness. ”The education also involves, “the distinct but complementary aspect of the religious dimension of liturgical and prayer life of the school community. ”In Catholic schools. Both teacher and Bishop therefore, contribute to the planning and teaching Religious Education Lessons, Catholic schools in Malaysia have been the backbone of formal education in the country. Catholic schools have many changes since independence in the late 50s. The education policy in Malaysia is very centralized, in 1988, all Catholic religious brothers older than 55 were asked to retire with immediate effect, creating vacancies for lay teachers to take over. Any new brother wanting to join the profession in Malaysia have to be in the civil service. Many of the Lasallian traditions such as inter-La Salle games or sports are now integrated into other government funded programmes. With Islam being the religion, compulsory or elective Bible lessons today are limited only to those of the Catholic faith. The missionaries who opened schools in Malaysia gave a solid education framework, today, there are 68 Sisters of the Infant Jesus,11 Parish Convents and 46 La Salle Brothers schools in the country
35.
Virginia Beach, Virginia
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Virginia Beach is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 437,994, in 2015, the population was estimated to be 452,745. Although mostly suburban in character, it is the most populous city in Virginia, despite being larger, Virginia Beach is generally considered to be a suburb of Norfolk. Located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia Beach is a resort city with miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels, motels, and restaurants along its oceanfront. Every year the city hosts the East Coast Surfing Championships as well as the North American Sand Soccer Championship, a beach soccer tournament. Near the point where the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean meet, Cape Henry was the site of the first landing of the English colonists, the city is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as having the longest pleasure beach in the world. It is located at the end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. The Chesepian were the indigenous people of the area now known as Tidewater in Virginia at the time of European encounter. Little is known about them but archeological evidence suggests they may have related to the Carolina Algonquian. They would have one of the Algonquian languages. These were common among the tribes of the coastal area. The Chesepian occupied an area which is now defined as the independent cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake and they named it Cape Henry, after Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of King James I of England. They created their first permanent settlement on the side of the James River at Jamestown. Adam Thoroughgood of Kings Lynn, Norfolk, England is one of the earliest Englishmen to settle in this area, at the age of 18, he had contracted as an indentured servant to pay for passage to the Virginia Colony in the hopes of bettering his life. He earned his freedom after several years and became a citizen of the area. In 1629, he was elected to the House of Burgesses for Elizabeth Cittie, in 1634, the Colony was divided into the original eight shires of Virginia, soon renamed as counties. Thoroughgood is credited using the name of his home in England when helping name New Norfolk County in 1637. The following year, New Norfolk County was split into Upper Norfolk County, Thoroughgood resided after 1634 was along the Lynnhaven River, named for his home in England
