The Massacre of the Innocents is the subject of two paintings by Peter Paul Rubens depicting the episode of the biblical Massacre of the Innocents of Bethlehem, as related in the Gospel of Matthew (2:13–18). The first, measuring 142 x 182 cm, was painted after his return to his native Antwerp in 1608, following eight years spent in Italy.

Franciscus de Neve (II) (also: Frans de (II) Neve, Fraciscus de Neuff, Francesco della Neve and nicknames: Bloosaerken and Blaserken) (1632, Antwerp – after 1704) was a Flemish painter and engraver. He is known for his late Baroque religious and mythological scenes and landscapes. He had an international career in Italy, Southern Germany and Austria where he worked for aristocratic patrons and churches; He returned to his native Flanders later in his life.