Medieval Jerusalem
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Jerusalem in the Middle Ages was a major Byzantine metropolis from the 4th century CE before the advent of the early Islamic period. In the 7th century Jerusalem became the regional capital of Jund Fi
View of Jerusalem (Conrad Grünenberg, 1487)
Medieval Tower of David in Jerusalem today
"Jacques Molay takes Jerusalem, 1299", a fanciful painting created in the 19th century by Claudius Jacquand, and hanging in the "Hall of Crusades" in Versailles. In reality, though the Mongols may have been technically in control of the city for a few months in early 1300 (since the Mamluks had temporarily retreated to Cairo and no other troops were in the area), there was no such battle, and De Molay was almost certainly on the island of Cyprus at that time, nowhere near the landlocked city of Jerusalem.
1450s depiction of the city by Jean Miélot.
Battle of Arsuf
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The Battle of Arsuf took place on 7 September 1191, as part of the Third Crusade. It saw a multi-national force of Crusaders, led by Richard I of England, defeat a significantly larger army of the Ayy
19th-century depiction of the battle by French painter Éloi Firmin Féron (1802–1876)
A depiction of the battle's layout from an 1898 book by Charles Oman
King Richard I charging with couched lance. English floor tile c. 1250
Richard the Lionheart and Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf, by Gustave Doré