1.
Slipknot (band)
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Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines, Iowa. The band was founded in September 1995 by percussionist Shawn Crahan, Gray died on May 24,2010, and was replaced from 2011–2014 by former guitarist Donnie Steele. Jordison left the band on December 12,2013, Steele left during the recording sessions for.5, The Gray Chapter. The band is now touring with replacement musicians Alessandro Venturella on bass, Slipknot is well known for its attention-grabbing image, aggressive style of music, and energetic and chaotic live shows. The band rapidly rose to success following the release of their eponymous album in 1999. The 2001 follow-up album, Iowa, although darker in tone, after another long hiatus, Slipknot released its fifth studio album.5, The Gray Chapter, in 2014. The band has released an album titled 9.0, Live, a compilation album titled Antennas to Hell. In 2015, Slipknot headlined the Download Festival in the UK for the third time, in the years before Slipknot formed, a state of shifting band membership existed throughout the metal scene in Des Moines, Iowa. In 1991, the biggest metal band in Des Moines was Atomic Opera, drummer Joey Jordison founded a thrash metal band called Modifidious, playing at a club called Runway. Modifidious opened for Atomic Opera on December 1,1991, at the Runway, Jordison replaced him with local guitarist Craig Jones. Drummer Shawn Crahan formed another Des Moines band called Heads on the Wall, playing funk metal cover songs at clubs, a fourth Des Moines band called Vexx played death metal with Anders Colsefni on drums, Paul Gray on bass, and Josh Brainard on guitar and vocals. Colsefni later took over vocal duties, but Vexx never recorded, during this time, Crahan often went to the Runway on Sundays when the club opened to all ages, where he met other young musicians with whom he could jam. One of the songs recorded was titled Slipknot, another was titled Painface. In 1993, a new band called Inveigh Catharsis formed in Des Moines, with Gray on bass, Brainard on guitar, Jordison jammed occasionally with this group. Brainard eventually left to join Jordison and Jones in Modifidious, participating in demo recordings at the end of 93, during 1994 Modifidious sometimes played the same shows as Crahans Heads on the Wall band. Gray formed a metal band called Body Pit, soon becoming popular in the local scene. Modifidious stopped playing in the wake of death metals increasing pull, Gray failed to get Jordison to join Body Pit, but soon after he recruited local guitar teacher Mick Thomson, the band broke up. In September 1995, Crahan and Gray started a band named the Pale Ones, the lineup was made up of friends who met through the local music scene, including vocalist Colsefni and guitarist Donnie Steele
2.
All Hope Is Gone World Tour
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The All Hope Is Gone World Tour was a concert tour by Slipknot that took place in 2008 and 2009 in support of the groups fourth studio album All Hope Is Gone. The tour consisted of nine legs and took place in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the tour started with the Mayhem Festival 2008. Lawrence Upton acted as the director, Philippe Vachon acted as the tours programmer and lighting co-director. Equipment such as LED units and Martin Atomic 3000 Strobes were used on the rig, and instead of a media server, david Shirt Nicholls was positioned as audio mixer, working with the digital mixing console. Slipknot headlined every performance throughout the tour, sometimes sharing headlining status at festival appearances, the tour consisted of nine legs and 153 shows, beginning on July 9,2008 and finishing on October 31,2009. This was also the last tour with bassist Paul Gray who died on May 24,2010, turntablist Sid Wilson broke both of his heels after jumping from an elevated area of a stage and landing incorrectly. He performed all dates of the tour, in a wheelchair, drummer Joey Jordison suffered a broken ankle, causing four concerts to be cancelled. Towards the end of the leg Fehn left the tour due to a death in his family. Shawn Crahan left the Canadian part of the tour to return home to his family, in early February 2008, Mick Thomson confirmed that Slipknot would be performing at the 2008 Mayhem Festival. Corey Taylor said, This summer we are truly bringing Mayhem, Slipknot is excited to be a part of it, and to be able to bring the new chapter of our history to the masses. We are already working, building and designing a new show, the tour acted as a follow-up to The Subliminal Verses World Tour, which took place in 2004 to promote their third studio album Vol.3. The band began recording their studio album All Hope Is Gone in late February 2008. Lawrence Upton acted as the director, and Philippe Vachon acted as the tours programmer. Vachon said Upton wanted very aggressive lighting that would attack and have punch, up-stage provided the gear package, which included 10 Martin Professional MAC Profiles and 54 Martin Mac 2000 Wash units. Assistant lighting designer Dave Watson explained that the Martin Professional MAC Profiles were used as key lights, issues arose during the tour, specifically times when members were barely visible due to the lighting. Vachon said, There is so much show in your face that we would lose the guys on stage, the rig consisted of a Front of House truss, two three-quarter angled trusses, and two straight mid-stage trusses. These were all located up-stage, and had two sub-hung trusses directly below them, There were two Lycian Starklite medium-throw truss spots, and an accumulation of specialty lights. The specialty lights included 54 two-light Molefays, six PAR36 rotating beacons,24 Martin Atomic 300 Strobes,2 six-light Molefays, the rig also had LED units, which can be very bright, and which shone into the audience
3.
Concert
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A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience. A recital is a concert by a soloist or small group which follows a program, a recitalist is a musician who gives frequent recitals. The invention of the piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt. The performance may be by a musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir. Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called arena concerts or amphitheatre concerts, informal names for a concert include show and gig. Regardless of the venue, musicians perform on a stage. Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment, before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play. The nature of a concert varies by musical genre, individual performers, concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress. In a similar way, a musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle. For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had hair, sandals. Regular attendees to a concert venue might also have a style that comprises that venues scene. Other Types of concerts, To plan or arrange by mutual agreement, some performers or groups put on very elaborate and expensive shows. To create a memorable and exciting atmosphere and increase the spectacle, some singers, especially popular music, augment concert sound with pre-recorded accompaniment, back-up dancers, and even broadcast vocal tracks of the singers own voice. Activities during these concerts can include dancing, sing-alongs, and moshing, concerts involving a greater number of artists, especially those that last for multiple days, are known as festivals. Unlike other concerts, which remain in a single genre of music or work of a particular artist, festivals often cover a broad scope of music. Due to their size, festivals are almost exclusively held outdoors, new platforms for festivals are becoming increasingly popular such as Jam Cruise, which is a festival held on a cruise ship, as well as Mayan Holidaze, which is a destination festival held in Tulum. Often concert tours are named, to differentiate different tours by the same artist, different segments of longer concert tours are known as legs. In the largest concert tours it is becoming common for different legs to employ separate touring production crews and equipment
4.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
5.
Sonisphere Festival
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The Sonisphere Festival is a touring rock music festival which takes place across Europe between June and August. The festival is owned by John Jackson and Kilimanjaro Live and it is jointly promoted by K2 and Kilimanjaro Live. It has hosted heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, Metallica, Mötley Crüe, Slayer, Judas Priest. The idea for Sonisphere was first conceived by John Jackson in the late 90s, John chose the name Sonisphere, from a combination of Sonic and Sphere. In 2008 Stuart Galbraith had formed business partnership with AEG Live called Kilimanjaro Live, John Jackson approached Stuart Galbraith with the idea of a Pan-World touring festival which fit in with plans Kilimanjaro Live had to launch a UK festival. John Jackson is the Creator and Director of Sonisphere and Galbriath the Producer, the first run of festivals ran throughout the summer of 2009 at six venues, returning in 2010 and 2011 with 11 venues. The 2009 Sonisphere festival tour was made up of six one-day festivals across Europe with a festival in England spanning two days. The festival had a group of bands that played each of the six dates with numerous extra bands added to each date individually. Metallica were the headliners for each of the 2009 Sonisphere Festivals. The Dutch edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place on Saturday June 20,2009 at Goffert Park, Mastodon could not make it to Sonisphere due to scheduling issues. This was announced at Sonisphere itself, although some heard the news whilst traveling, the Sword cancelled their show a few days before Sonisphere began. The German edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place on Saturday July 4,2009 at Hockenheimring with Metallica as headliners, the Spanish edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place on Saturday, July 11,2009 at The Forum, Barcelona with headliners Metallica. The other bands performing on the stage were, Slipknot, Machine Head, Lamb of God. Mastodon, Down, Gojira and The Eyes, played on a second stage, away from the main stage, facing the sea. The Swedish edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place on Saturday July 18,2009 at Folkets Park, the Finnish edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place on Saturday July 25,2009 at Kirjurinluoto Arena, Pori with Metallica as headliners. Machine Head were forced to cut their set short, due to lead guitarist Phil Demmel collapsing on stage. The British edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place two days on Saturday, August 1 and Sunday, August 2,2009, at Knebworth House, Knebworth with headliners Linkin Park. The festival featured four stages of music over the weekend, with the two being staggered staging, the others being within the Bohemia village
6.
Iron Maiden
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Iron Maiden are a British heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. The bands discography has grown to thirty-eight albums, including sixteen studio albums, eleven albums, four EPs. Pioneers of the new wave of British heavy metal, Iron Maiden achieved initial success during the early 1980s,1 in 28 countries and receiving widespread critical acclaim. Their sixteenth studio album, The Book of Souls, was released on 4 September 2015 to similar success, the band won the Ivor Novello Award for international achievement in 2002. As of October 2013, the band have played over 2000 live shows throughout their career. For the past 35 years, the band have been supported by their famous mascot, Eddie, Iron Maiden were formed on Christmas Day in 1975 by bassist Steve Harris shortly after he left his previous group, Smiler. Harris attributes the name to a film adaptation of The Man in the Iron Mask from the novel by Alexandre Dumas. After months of rehearsal, Iron Maiden made their debut at St. Nicks Hall in Poplar on 1 May 1976, before taking up a semi-residency at the Cart and Horses Pub in Maryland Point, Stratford. The original line-up did not last very long, however, with vocalist Paul Day being the first casualty as, according to Harris and he was replaced by Dennis Wilcock, a Kiss fan who used make-up and fake blood during live performances. Wilcocks friend Dave Murray was invited to join, to the dismay of the bands guitarists Dave Sullivan and their frustration led Harris to temporarily disband Iron Maiden in 1976, though the group reformed soon after with Murray as the sole guitarist. Steve Harris and Dave Murray remain the bands longest-standing members and have performed on all of their releases, Iron Maiden recruited yet another guitarist in 1977, Bob Sawyer, who was sacked for embarrassing the band on stage by pretending to play guitar with his teeth. Tension ensued again, causing a rift between Murray and Wilcock, who convinced Harris to fire Murray, as well as original drummer Ron Matthews. A new line-up was put together, including future Cutting Crew member Tony Moore on keyboards, Terry Wapram on guitar, and drummer Barry Purkis. A bad performance at the Bridgehouse, a pub located in Canning Town, in November 1977 was the line-ups first and only concert, at the same time, Moore was asked to leave as Harris decided that keyboards did not suit the bands sound. A few months later, Dennis Wilcock decided that he had had enough with the group and left to form his own band, V1, as he preferred to be the bands sole guitarist, Wapram disapproved of Murrays return and was also dismissed. Steve Harris, Dave Murray and Doug Sampson spent the summer, a chance meeting at the Red Lion pub in Leytonstone in November 1978 evolved into a successful audition for vocalist Paul DiAnno. Steve Harris has stated, Theres sort of a quality in Pauls voice, a raspiness in his voice, or whatever you want to call it, that just gave it this great edge. At this time, Murray would typically act as their sole guitarist, with Harris commenting, the plan was always to get a second guitarist in, but finding one that could match Davey was really difficult
7.
Rock in Rio
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Rock in Rio is a recurring music festival originating in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It later branched into other locations such as Lisbon, Madrid, the seventh Brazilian edition will happen from September 15 to 24,2017. In 2011, Rock in Rio returned to its location, Rio de Janeiro, with a new line-up of singers. The first edition of the festival was held from January 11–20,1985, Queen, George Benson, Rod Stewart, AC/DC and Yes were the headliners, each occupying top spot for two nights. About 1.4 million people attended the 10-day-long festival. Rock in Rio in numbers The City of Rock, which was built for the festival, covered an area of 250,000 m²1,600,000 liters of beverages were served, using 4 million plastic cups. McDonalds sold 58,000 hamburgers in a day, which was a Guinness World Record until the fourth edition in 2011. The full list of artists who performed at Rock in Rio, Both Queen shows were filmed and broadcast throughout Brazil by Globo. Each show was watched by nearly 200 million people in over 60 countries and in front of 350 and it was later broadcast in the United States on MTV as Queen, Live in Rio. Iron Maiden was the only act to play just one concert at the festival, due to other bookings. During the song Revelations, lead singer Bruce Dickinson hit himself accidentally with a guitar, Dickinson continued to sing in spite of heavy bleeding. They performed in front of a crowd of 350,000 people too, the Go-Gos broke up after their two Rock in Rio performances, though they would later reunite in the 1990s. The two Rock in Rio shows were the debut and swansong for short-tenured Go-Gos member Paula Jean Brown, chris Frantz and Tina Weymouth, at the time Talking Heads drummer and bass player, respectively, took part at the B-52s concerts. They joined the band from the song on and played along with them for the remainder of the performance. The January 20 appearance of the B-52s would turn out to be their last with guitarist Ricky Wilson, initially, Def Leppard was scheduled to play at the festival. However, they dropped out two months before the event, due to delays on the recording process of the album Hysteria. Eleven days before the date Def Leppard would have played at the festival, the second edition was held from January 18–27,1991 at the Maracanã stadium. Headliners were Guns N Roses, Prince and George Michael, each being top billed for two of the nine nights
8.
Metallica
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Metallica is an American heavy metal band based in San Rafael, California. The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles when vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield responded to an advertisement posted by drummer Lars Ulrich in a local newspaper, Metallicas current line-up comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo. Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band, the bands fast tempos, instrumentals, and aggressive musicianship placed them as one of the founding big four bands of thrash metal, alongside Anthrax, Megadeth, and Slayer. The band expanded its musical direction and achieved commercial success with its eponymous fifth album Metallica. The album was also their first to debut at number one on the Billboard 200, in 2000, Metallica joined with other artists who filed a lawsuit against Napster for sharing the bands copyright-protected material without consent from the band. A settlement was reached and Napster became a pay-to-use service, the band returned to its original musical style with the release of Death Magnetic, and in 2009, Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Metallica has released ten albums, four live albums, five extended plays,26 music videos. The band has won eight Grammy Awards and six of its albums have debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. The bands eponymous 1991 album has sold over 16 million copies in the United States, Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time, having sold over 110 million records worldwide. Metallica has been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone, in 2012, Metallica formed the independent record label Blackened Recordings and took full ownership of its albums and videos. The band is currently promoting Hardwired. to Self-Destruct, which was released on November 18,2016, guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement. Although he had not formed a band, Ulrich asked Metal Blade Records founder Brian Slagel if he could record a song for the upcoming compilation album Metal Massacre. Slagel accepted and Ulrich recruited Hetfield to sing and play rhythm guitar, the band was officially formed in October 1981, five months after Ulrich and Hetfield first met. Ulrich talked to his friend Ron Quintana, who was brainstorming names for a fanzine, Quintana had proposed the names MetalMania and Metallica. A second advertisement was placed in The Recycler for a position as lead guitarist, Dave Mustaine answered, Ulrich and Hetfield recruited him after seeing his expensive guitar equipment. In early 1982, Metallica recorded its first original song Hit the Lights for the Metal Massacre I compilation, Hetfield played bass on the song and Lloyd Grant was credited with a guitar solo. Metal Massacre I was released on June 14,1982, early pressings listed the band incorrectly as Mettallica, the bands first taste of live success came early, they were chosen to open for British heavy metal band Saxon at one gig of their 1982 US tour. Metallica recorded its first demo, Power Metal, an inspired by Quintanas early business cards in early 1982
9.
Sepultura
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Sepultura is a Brazilian heavy metal band from Belo Horizonte. Sepultura has had changes in its lineup since its formation, with Max and Igor Cavalera departing in 1996 and 2006. Sepulturas current lineup consists of vocalist Derrick Green, guitarist Andreas Kisser, bassist Paulo Jr. since Igor Cavaleras departure in 2006, there have been no original members left in the band. Paulo Jr. who has been a member of Sepultura since 1985, is the member to appear on every release. Kisser, who replaced Jairo Guedz in 1987, has played on all of the studio albums. Sepultura has released fourteen studio albums to date, the latest being Machine Messiah and their most successful records are Arise, Chaos A. D. and Roots. Sepultura was formed in 1984 in Belo Horizonte, the city of Minas Gerais. Gracilianos death deeply affected his sons, inspiring them to form a band after Max heard the album Black Sabbath Vol.4 the very same day. They chose the band name Sepultura, the Portuguese word for grave and they would travel to a record shop in São Paulo that mixed tapes of the latest records by American bands. Their listening habits changed dramatically after being introduced to Venom, as Igor Cavalera put it, The Cavalera brothers started listening to bands such as Hellhammer/Celtic Frost, Kreator, Sodom, Megadeth, Exodus and Exciter. They also had influences on Brazilian metal from bands like Stress, Sagrado Inferno, by 1984, they had dropped out of school. After his departure, Max took over the vocal duties, Jairo Guedes was invited to join the band as lead guitarist. After about a year of performing, Sepultura signed to Cogumelo Records in 1985, later that year, they released Bestial Devastation, a shared EP with fellow Brazilian band Overdose. It was self-produced and recorded in just two days, the band recorded their first full-length album, Morbid Visions, in August 1986. It contained their first hit, Troops of Doom, which gained media attention. The band then decided to relocate to the city of São Paulo. In early 1987, Jairo Guedes quit the band, Guedes was replaced by São Paulo-based guitarist Andreas Kisser, and they released their second studio album, Schizophrenia, in 1987. The album reflected a change towards a more thrash metal-oriented sound
10.
Stone Sour
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Stone Sour is an American alternative metal band formed in Des Moines, Iowa in 1992, performing for five years, before disbanding in 1997. They reunited in 2000 and since 2006, the group has consisted of Corey Taylor, Josh Rand, longtime members Joel Ekman, Shawn Economaki, and Jim Root left the group in 2006,2011, and 2014 respectively. To date, Stone Sour have released five studio albums Stone Sour, Come What May, Audio Secrecy, House of Gold & Bones – Part 1 and they also released a digital live album, Live in Moscow, in 2007. Their upcoming album, Hydrograd, releases in 2017 and it is their first album to feature guitarist Christian Martucci and bassist Johnny Chow since each joining the band in 2014. Stone Sour earned the group two Grammy Award nominations, both for Best Metal Performance, for the singles Get Inside, in 2003, and Inhale, the album went on to become RIAA certified Gold. In 2006, following the release of Come What May, the group received another Grammy Award nomination for Best Metal Performance for the single 30/30-150, Stone Sour was founded by Corey Taylor, who eventually became the vocalist of Slipknot, and former drummer Joel Ekman. Taylors longtime friend Shawn Economaki joined shortly after, and filled in as the bass player, during these formative years, Stone Sour recorded two demo tapes, in 1993 and 1994. Shortly after, in 1995, Jim Root, who is now part of Slipknot with Taylor, the group was complete, and in 1996, it recorded another demo tape, songs from which would later be used in 2002 on their self-titled debut album, Stone Sour. The band was named after a drink that consists of one part whiskey, one part orange juice. In 1997, the band went on hiatus, during which Taylor and Root spent most of their time with Slipknot, Root actually did not join the band until over a year after Taylor, and Economaki went on to become Stage left guitar tech. After Josh Rand joined the band, the recorded their debut self-titled album in Cedar Falls. Upon release, the album charted at number 46 on the Billboard 200. The song Bother, which was featured on the Spider-Man soundtrack, the next single, Inhale, peaked at 18 on the Mainstream Rock chart. The group received two Grammy Award nominations for Best Metal Performance for the singles Get Inside and Inhale in 2003 and 2004 respectively, the album went on to achieve Gold certification. The band toured for six months with label mates Sinch and Chevelle before going on a hiatus as Taylor and Root went back to join Slipknot for another album. The band came back in 2006 to release their second studio album and they parted ways with drummer Joel Ekman, currently drumming for Isaac James, who left to take care of his cancer-stricken son, and later recruited current drummer, Roy Mayorga. The track 30/30-150 was recorded with Godsmack drummer Shannon Larkin, the album was released on August 1,2006. It was met with reviews from critics, and sold 80,000 copies in the first week
11.
Berlin
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Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million, Berlin is the second most populous city proper, due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers. Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world, following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany. Berlin is a city of culture, politics, media. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations. Berlin serves as a hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination, significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics. Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities, orchestras, museums and its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions. The city is known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts. Since 2000 Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene, the name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of todays Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl-. All German place names ending on -ow, -itz and -in, since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Bär, a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. It is therefore a canting arm, the first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920, the central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns. Cölln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document,1237 is considered the founding date of the city. The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the right on the two important trade routes Via Imperii and from Bruges to Novgorod. In 1307, they formed an alliance with a common external policy, in 1415 Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. In 1443 Frederick II Irontooth started the construction of a new palace in the twin city Berlin-Cölln
12.
Jim Root
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Root began performing with the thrash metal band Atomic Opera from Iowa in the early 1990s, not to be confused with the hard rock band Atomic Opera from Houston, Texas. Prior to joining Slipknot, he worked as a screenprinter, waiter, despite this, the song has become a staple for most of the bands live performances. Slipknot vocalist Corey Taylor invited Root to join the band based on Taylors past experiences working with him in Stone Sour.5 The Gray Chapter, of Slipknots nine member lineup which lasted between 1999 to 2010, Root was the last to join the band. Root typically performed lead guitar in Stone Sour, although he played rhythm. He has spoken of both bands guitar style as being twin guitar, In both bands, I fulfill both roles, in Slipknot, Mick has some solos, and in Stone Sour, Josh has some solos. During the recording of Stone Sours Audio Secrecy, he and Rand recorded their parts simultaneously and he also appeared on Jonathan Davis and the SFA´s cover of Lil Wayne´s Got Money. On 17 May 2014, Stone Sour released a statement saying that Root was no longer a member of the band. Moments before their statement, Root told a fan on Instagram of his departure, in interviews, Root accused the band of being financially motivated and pursuing a more commercial musical direction, but also observed that he wasnt really happy in that band anymore. Corey Taylor noted that the split initially put a strain on his and Roots relationship, in July 2007, Fender released the Jim Root Telecaster. In a 2009 performance for Eurockeennes, Jim used a Gibson Flying V, in January 2010, a Jim Root Signature Fender Stratocaster was unveiled on the Fender website, similar to the one he has been seen using on stage, as of March 2009. In 2012, Orange announced a new signature Tiny Terror amp based on their Rockerverb 100, Roots main amp, then, the Squier Telecaster signature model was released, similar to the first Fender Telecaster Jim Root signature. The white model comes with a black pickguard and the model comes with a white pickguard. Both Squiers have a neck and rosewood fretboard. Jims signature Squiers do not contain EMG81 and EMG60, the Fender Jim Root Jazzmaster was unveiled at NAMM2014. It has the same specs as the Jim Root Stratocaster and it only comes in flat black with an ebony fretboard
