1.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
2.
Firefighting apparatus
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A firefighting apparatus describes any vehicle that has been customized for use during firefighting operations. These vehicles are highly customized depending on their needs and the duty they will be performing and these duties can include firefighting, vehicle extrication, dangerous goods investigations, urban search and rescue, medical emergency, swift water rescue and plane crashes. While fire engine red remains the most common color for firefighting apparatus, for example, the Chicago Fire Department has a long-standing tradition of painting their apparatus black over red. Neighboring departments will often use different colors to distinguish their apparatus. For example, the Santa Barbara Fire Department uses the fire engine red while the neighboring Santa Barbara County Fire Department elects to use blue over white. A study by the American Psychological Association published in February 2014 indicated that lime-yellow is a significantly safer color for emergency vehicles because of its increased visibility, the study showed that lime-yellow fire apparatus were half as likely to be involved in accidents as red vehicles. See Fire Department Rehab Water tender - also known as a tanker, the fire pump was reinvented in Europe during the 16th century, reportedly used in Augsburg in 1518 and Nuremberg in 1657. A book of 1655 inventions mentions a steam pump used to raise a column of water 40 feet. Colonial laws in America required each house to have a bucket of water on the front stoop during fires at night and these buckets were intended for use by the initial bucket brigade that would supply the water at fires. Philadelphia obtained a hand-pumped fire engine in 1719, years after Lynns 1654 model appeared there, made by Joseph Jencks, by 1730, Richard Newsham, in London, had made successful fire engines, the first used in New York City were of his make. The amount of manpower and skill necessary for firefighting prompted the institution of a fire company by Benjamin Franklin in 1737. Thomas Lote built the first fire engine made in America in 1743 and these earliest engines are called hand tubs because they are manually powered and the water was supplied by bucket brigade dumped into a tub where the pump had a permanent intake pipe. An important advancement around 1822 was the invention of an engine which could draft water from a water source doing away with the bucket brigade, philadelphia fire engine manufacturers Sellers and Pennock model the Hydraulion is said to be the first suction engine produced in 1822. Some models had the hard, suction hose fixed to the intake, the earliest engines were small and were carried by four men or mounted on skids and dragged to a fire. The earliest four-wheel carriage mounted engines were pulled to the fire by hand, as the engines grew larger they became horse-drawn and later self-propelled by steam engines. John Ericsson is credited with building the first American steam-powered fire engine, john Braithwaite built the first steam fire-engine in Britain. Until the mid-19th century, most fire engines were maneuvered by men, the first self-propelled steam-driven fire engine was built in New York in 1841. It was the target of sabotage by firefighters and its use was discontinued and that same year, the Knox Automobile Company of Springfield, Massachusetts began selling what some have described as the worlds first modern fire engine
3.
Fire station
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It may also have dormitory living facilities and work areas for the use of fire fighters. Living areas are arranged above the garage bays where personnel without specific station duties during the night shift are allowed to sleep unless a dispatch is called. In that situation, firefighters may have special means to allow entry to the floor quickly when a call for help is received. This arrangement also allows for an area to hang hoses to dry to prevent damage. In a single station, a tower-like structure is sometimes used for hose hanging. An occupied station will usually have an alarm system for receiving and annunciating an alarm. However, sometimes the only alarm is a telephone that is rung in case of emergency. In a volunteer fire department where volunteers do not staff the station, in a more structured operation, full-time or on-call volunteer or career firefighters staff the station some or all of the time. There may be office space for the officers, a library of reference and other materials, activities in a fire station include regular inspection and cleaning of the apparatus and equipment, and continuing education in the fire service. Weekly or bi-weekly routine typically includes various drills in which practice their skills. The approaches to a station are often posted with warning signs. In larger cities fire stations are named for the primary fire companies and apparatus housed there, such as Ladder 49. Rural fire stations are named for the county, town or village. Fire department Firemans pole Olathe, Kan, Fire Department West Jackson Fire Department, GA Raleigh and Wake County, NC fire departments Killorglin Fire & Rescue, County Kerry, Ireland
4.
Fire engine
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A fire engine is a vehicle designed primarily for firefighting operations. In addition, many fire departments/fire services often employ their vehicles for other uses including emergency medical services. The terms fire engine and fire truck are used interchangeably. The primary purposes of an engine include transporting firefighters to an incident scene, providing water with which to fight a fire. Many fire vehicles are based on standard vehicle models and they are normally fitted with audible and visual warnings, as well as communication equipment such as two-way radios and mobile computer technology. The standard fire engine is an apparatus designed primarily for firefighting operations, the tools carried on the fire engine will vary greatly based on many factors including the size of the department and what sort of terrain the department must handle. For example, departments located near bodies of water or rivers are likely to have some sort of water rescue equipment. Standard tools found on all fire engines include ladders, hydraulic rescue tools, floodlights, fire hose, fire extinguishers, self-contained breathing apparatus. The exact layout of what is carried on an engine is decided by the needs of the department, some fire engines have a fixed deluge gun, also known as a master stream, which directs a heavy stream of water to wherever the operator points it. An additional feature of engines are their preconnected hose lines, commonly referred to as preconnects, the preconnects are attached to the engines onboard water supply and allow firefighters to quickly mount an aggressive attack on the fire as soon as they arrive on scene. The name is derived from the fact that the ladder is mounted on a turntable on the back of a truck chassis. To increase its length, the ladder is telescopic, modern telescopic ladders are either hydraulic or pneumatic. These mechanical features allow the use of ladders which are longer, sturdier and they may also have pre-attached hoses or other equipment. A ladder can also be mounted behind the cab and this is sometimes called mid-ship and the arrangement allows a lower travel height for the truck, and also can be more stable in certain conditions. In some cases, there may also be a monitor at the top of the ladder for ease of use, other appliances may simply have a track-way which will hold a manually-run hose reel securely, and prevent it from falling to the ground. In the United States, a truck, also known as a tractor-drawn aerial, tiller ladder. Unlike a commercial semi, the trailer and tractor are permanently combined and it has two drivers, with separate steering wheels for front and rear wheels. One of the features of the tiller-truck is its enhanced maneuverability
5.
Heavy rescue vehicle
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A heavy rescue vehicle is a type of specialty firefighting or emergency medical services apparatus. Most heavy rescue vehicles lack on-board water tanks and pumping gear, owing to their specialized role, but some do carry on-board pumps in order to broaden their response capability. Additionally, heavy rescue apparatus can be popular choices for incident command vehicles, federal and local law enforcement, rehab, HazMat incidents, light & air, urban search and rescue, and more. Furthermore, many heavy vehicles can be outfitted based on their target environmental setting, such as municipal, industrial. These configurations, determined by the agency and district, and worked out with the manufacturing company, provide a plethora of options for storage, response, equipment, size. Manufacturers such as Pierce, Smeal, E-ONE, Seagrave, and others all have unique options that can be tailored based on the ordering organizations needs. Depending on the size of the vehicle and the equipment it carries, while each of these categories often have overlapping tasks, they may be classified differently for the sake of dispatch on certain kinds of incidents. For instance, in Loudoun County, Virginia, the Loudoun County Fire and Rescue Department operates Medium and Heavy Rescue apparatus and this in turn leaves the heavy rescue apparatus available, as opposed to sending them on a call that could have been handled by a medium rescue. Heavy rescue vehicles can also be outfitted specifically as hazardous material response vehicles, in this role, they carry the necessary specialized equipment to respond to and deal with hazardous material incidents. Rescue squad Fire apparatus Extrication Glossary of firefighting terms
6.
Statute
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A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a state, city or country. Typically, statutes command or prohibit something, or declare policy, statutes are rules made by legislative bodies, they are distinguished from case law or precedent, which is decided by courts, and regulations issued by government agencies. Statute law is written by a legislative body and signed into law by its executive. Before a statute becomes law in countries, it must be agreed upon by the highest executive in the government. A universal problem encountered by lawmakers throughout human history is how to organize published statutes, such publications have a habit of starting small but growing rapidly over time, as new statutes are enacted in response to the exigencies of the moment. Eventually, persons trying to find the law are forced to sort through a number of statutes enacted at various points in time to determine which portions are still in effect. In turn, in theory, the code will thenceforth reflect the current cumulative state of the law in that jurisdiction. In many nations statutory law is distinguished from and subordinate to constitutional law, statute is also another word for law. The term was adapted from England in about the 18th century, in the Autonomous Communities of Spain, the autonomy statute is a legal document similar to a state constitution in a federated state. The autonomies statutes in Spain have the rank of Ley Organica, leyes Organicas rank between the Constitution and ordinary laws. The name was chosen, among others, to avoid confusion with the term Constitution, in biblical terminology, statute refers to a law given without any reason or justification. The classic example is the statute regarding the Red Heifer. The opposite of a chok is a mishpat, a law given for a reason, e. g. the Sabbath laws, which were given because God created the world in six days. That which upholds, supports or maintains the order of the universe meaning the Law or Natural Law. This is a concept of central importance in Indian philosophy and religion, Constitution Legislation Legislature Organic statute Statutory law
7.
Fire services in the United Kingdom
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The fire services in the United Kingdom operate under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. Emergency cover is provided by over fifty fire and rescue services, many FRS were previously known as brigades or county fire services, but almost all now use the standard terminology. They are distinct from and governed by an authority, which is the legislative, public and administrative body. Fire authorities in England and Wales, and therefore fire and rescue services, Scotland and Northern Ireland have centralised fire and rescue services, and so their authorities are effectively committees of the devolved parliaments. The total budget for services in 2014-15 was £2.9 billion. The devolved government in Scotland has an agency, HMFSI Scotland. This Act provided for centralised co-ordination of fire brigades in Great Britain,1947, Fire Services Act 1947 This Act transferred the functions of the National Fire Service to local authorities. Now repealed entirely in England and Wales by Schedule 2 of the Fire,1959, Fire Services Act 1959 This Act amended the 1947 Act, it dealt with pensions, staffing arrangements and provision of services by other authorities. It was repealed in England and Wales along with the 1947 Act,1999, Greater London Authority Act 1999 This act was necessary to allow for the formation of the Greater London Authority and in turn the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority. In 2002, there was a series of fire strikes. In December 2002, the Independent Review of the Fire Service was published with the action still ongoing. Bains report ultimately led to a change in the relating to firefighting. 2002, Independent Review of the Fire Service published 2004, Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004, generally only applying to England and it came into force on 1 October 2006. The DfCLG has published a set of guides for non-domestic premises,2006, The Government of Wales Act 2006 gave the National Assembly for Wales powers to pass laws on Fire, promotion of fire safety otherwise than by prohibition or regulation. But does not prevent future legislation being passed by the UK government which applies to two or more constituent countries, There are further plans to modernise the fire service according to the Local Government Association. The fire service in England and Wales is scrutinised by a House of Commons select committee, in June 2006, the fire and rescue service select committee, under the auspices of the Communities and Local Government Committee, published its latest report. For example, where FRSs were historically inspected by HMFSI, much of this work is now carried out by the National Audit Office, Fire Control On 8 February 2010 the House of Commons Communities and Local Government Select Committee heard evidence on the Fire Control project. Called to give evidence were Cllr Brian Coleman and Cllr James Pearson from the Local Government Association, also giving evidence Matt Wrack from the Fire Brigades Union and John Bonney Chief Fire Officers Association
8.
Merseyside
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Merseyside is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1.38 million. Merseyside, which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, Merseyside spans 249 square miles of land which border Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Cheshire and the Irish Sea to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary, there is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. For the 12 years following 1974 the county had a system of local government. The county council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts are now effectively unitary authority areas, Merseyside is joined by the neighbouring borough of Halton to form the Liverpool City Region, which together forms a local enterprise partnership and combined authority area. Further areas, including Widnes and Runcorn, were added to the Special Review Area by Order in 1965, draft proposals were published in 1965, but the commission never completed its final proposals as it was abolished in 1966. This would have included four districts, Southport/Crosby, Liverpool/Bootle, St. Helens/Widnes, in 1970 the Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive was set up, covering Liverpool, Sefton, Wirral and Knowsley, but excluding Southport and St. Helens. The Redcliffe-Maud Report was rejected by the incoming Conservative Party government, a White Paper was published in 1971. The Local Government Bill presented to Parliament involved a substantial trimming from the White Paper, excluding the northern and southern fringes of the area, excluding Chester, following the creation of Merseyside, Merseytravel expanded to take in St Helens and Southport. Between 1974 and 1986 the county had a system of local government with the five boroughs sharing power with the Merseyside County Council. However, in 1986 the government of Margaret Thatcher abolished the county council along with all other county councils. The eastern part of Merseyside borders onto Lancashire to the north, Greater Manchester to the east, the territory comprising the county of Merseyside previously formed part of the administrative counties of Lancashire and Cheshire. The two parts are linked by the two Mersey Tunnels, the Wirral Line of Merseyrail, and the Mersey Ferry, to express location within the Merseyside area by the preposition on – thus on Merseyside as opposed to in Merseyside – was traditionally the more usual. Therefore, more recent usage tends to draw distinctions between the geographical Merseyside – for which on is considered appropriate – and the Metropolitan county of Merseyside, Merseyside contains the metropolitan boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, Sefton, St. Helens and Wirral. This is a chart of trend of gross value added of Merseyside at current basic prices published by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling. This also has a usage by some local authorities and organisations and is used by Geographers A-Z Map Company for their Merseyside Street Atlas. However, a separate City region, comprising Merseyside and Halton, has official recognition as being Greater Merseyside. Halton also forms part of the Merseyside NUTS region, List of Lord Lieutenants of Merseyside List of High Sheriffs of Merseyside 1911 Liverpool general transport strike List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Merseyside Dickinson, Joseph
9.
Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
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The Borough of Sefton is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England and its local authority is Sefton Council. It also formed part of the new county of Merseyside, the borough consists of a coastal strip of land on the Irish Sea, and extends from Bootle in the south, to Southport in the north. In the south-east, it extends inland to Maghull, the district is bounded by Liverpool to the south, Knowsley to the south-east, and West Lancashire to the east. A Sefton Rural District covering some of the villages in the district had existed from 1894 to 1932, the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton is one of the six constituent local government districts of the Liverpool City Region. Since 1 April 2014, some of the boroughs responsibilities have been pooled with neighbouring authorities within the metropolitan area and subsumed into the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. As of July 2015, negotiations are taking place between the UK national government and the combined authority over a possible devolution deal to confer greater powers on the region. Discussions include whether to introduce an elected ‘Metro Mayor’ to oversee the entire metropolitan area and it was highlighted after the 2012 local government election that different regions in Sefton had vastly different socio-economic backgrounds and needs. Oswald · Sudell Victoria The council is composed of 42 Labour councillors,16 Liberal Democrats,7 Conservatives and one independent. The borough has an income from tourism, most of whom visit the Aintree Grand National. Birkdale is also home to the Royal Birkdale Golf Club which has played host to the Open Championship, Ryder Cup, Walker Cup and Curtis Cup. This is a chart of trend of gross value added of Sefton at current basic prices published by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling
10.
Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley
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The Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England. It comprises the towns and districts of Kirkby, Prescot, Huyton, Whiston, Halewood, Cronton and Stockbridge Village, Kirkby, Huyton and it takes its name from the village of Knowsley, though its headquarters are in Huyton. It forms part of the wider Liverpool City Region, according to the 2011 census,80. 9% of people in Knowsley describe themselves as Christian, the highest proportion in any local authority in England and Wales. It is known for Knowsley Hall and Knowsley Safari Park, Knowsley was formerly a collection of villages, some dating back to 650 AD. The Earls of Derby have their home in the borough at Knowsley Hall. By 1971, some 194,600 lived within the area which would become Knowsley, however, over the next two decades general economic decline – particularly in manufacturing – contributed to a significant fall in population to around 154,600 by 1994. Subsequently, a population stabilisation strategy helped to stem this decline, the strategy was focused on house building and marketing the borough to secure inward investment. Record house building and strong growth in inward investment yielded the boroughs first small rise in population in over 25 years in 1995, the population stabilised at over 154,000 for most of the rest of the nineties. Knowsley Metropolitan Borough covers an area of 33.40 square miles and is the smallest metropolitan borough of Merseyside. Within Merseyside, it borders the City of Liverpool to the west, the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton to the north-west, outside Merseyside, it borders Halton in Cheshire to the south and West Lancashire in Lancashire to the north. Knowsley is represented by George Howarth MP, Garston and Halewood is represented by Maria Eagle MP and St Helens South, Knowsley is part of the North West England constituency in the European Parliament. After local elections in 2008 the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley was governed by the Labour Party, the Liberal Democrats, the second largest party, were in opposition. The Liberal Democrats, the second largest party represented on the council, the Liberal Democrats, the second largest party represented on the council, continued to be in opposition losing 6 seats to the governing Labour Party to decrease their total number of seats to 4. After the local elections in 2012, Knowsley became a one party borough, since 1 April 2014, some of the boroughs responsibilities have been pooled with neighbouring authorities within the metropolitan area and subsumed into the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. Knowsley is twinned with Moers, Germany Knowsley United F. C, list of schools in Knowsley Knowsley Council Knowsley Online KCC Live
11.
Metropolitan Borough of St Helens
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The Metropolitan Borough of St Helens is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside, in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough Council is made up of 48 councillors, with three representing each of the 16 wards of the borough, between 1974 and 1986 the borough council shared functions with Merseyside County Council. The functions of this body were in part devolved to the boroughs, elections to St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council are held in three out of every four years, with one-third of the 48 seats on the council being elected at each election. The Labour party has had a majority on the council since the first election in 1973 and this allowed an alliance between the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives to take control after the 2006 election until Labour regained control in 2010. Since 1 April 2014, some of the boroughs responsibilities have been pooled with neighbouring authorities, the St Helens Borough covers roughly 30 km² over an area of soft rolling hills used primarily for agricultural purposes, mainly arable. The highest point in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens, the borough is landlocked with a stream running through, Mill Brook/Windle Brook running through Eccleston and connecting with the St. Helens Branch/Section of the Sankey Canal in the town centre. The centre of St Helens is around 160 feet above sea level, from the top of Billinge Hill the cities of Manchester and Liverpool are visible on a clear day as well as the towns of, Bolton and Warrington. Carr Mill Dam is Merseysides largest body of water, offering picturesque lakeside trails. The Burgies are two tailings on the site of the old Rushy Park coal mine and they were created by the dumping of toxic chemical waste from the manufacture of glass, they have since been covered with tall grass and woodland. St. Helens Metropolitan Borough Council Earlestown Historical Website Newton-le-Willows Historical Website
12.
Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
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The Metropolitan Borough of Wirral is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside, in North West England. It has a population of 320,295, and encompasses 60 square miles of the part of the Wirral Peninsula. Major settlements include Birkenhead, Wallasey, Bebington, Heswall, Hoylake, the city of Liverpool over the Mersey, faces the northeastern side of Wirral. This is a chart of trend of gross value added of Wirral at current basic prices published by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling. When the borough was set up in 1974, it inherited comprehensive systems from the former County Boroughs of Birkenhead and Wallasey. However this Act introduced open enrolment, allowing parents from anywhere in the borough, as a result, significant numbers of pupils from the former comprehensive areas attend schools in the former selective areas and vice versa. The distinction between different types of school was to an extent masked, as all modern and most comprehensive schools were named High School. In summary, Wirral now has a secondary sector made up of 16 comprehensive schools and 6 grammar schools. The Metropolitan Borough of Wirral is one of the six constituent local government districts of the Liverpool City Region, since 1 April 2014, some of the boroughs responsibilities have been pooled with neighbouring authorities within the metropolitan area and subsumed into the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. As of July 2015, negotiations are taking place between the UK national government and the combined authority over a possible devolution deal to confer greater powers on the region. Discussions include whether to introduce an elected ‘Metro Mayor’ to oversee the entire metropolitan area, after the local elections in 2008 the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral was governed by a Labour Party/Liberal Democrat coalition, the second and third largest parties on the council respectively. Cllr Steve Foulkes of Labour was Leader of the Council, the Conservative Party was the largest party represented, and was in opposition with its leader Cllr Jeff Green being leader of the opposition. After the local elections in 2010 the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral was governed by a Conservative Party/Liberal Democrat coalition, the one independent represented on the council lost their seat. After the local elections in 2011 the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral was governed by a minority Labour Party administration, Cllr Steve Foulkes was leader of the Council with Cllr Phil Davies as deputy leader. The Liberal Democrats lost a councillor who switched to Labour, Cllr Steve Niblock shortly after the elections, there are now no independents on Wirral Council. Labour have 36 seats, Conservatives have 23 and the Liberal Democrats 7, in February 2012 the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats defeated the Labour administration in a motion of no confidence and the two parties governed again until the May election. Labour made gains in May 2012, gaining majority control of the council for the first time local elections in 2002 saw Labour become a minority. Wirral is led by Phil Davies, Wirral Council maintains five designated Local Nature Reserves, Bidston Moss, Dibbinsdale, Heswall Dales, Hilbre Island and Thurstaston Common
13.
Motorcycles in the United Kingdom fire services
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The fire services in the United Kingdom use motorcycles in various roles. A number of fire and rescue services around the UK use fire bikes to deliver road safety messages, from 2005, Merseyside fire service deployed a bike in an automatic alarm response role, and from 2007 they have used two quad-bikes for public information campaigns. In 2010, Merseyside became the first fire service in the UK to use bikes as an actual fire appliance. Having been deployed in a trial, if found successful they could be deployed to other services nationally. The Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service have been using bikes since 2005, a 1300cc Honda pan-European bike is used in busy times during the day to quickly attend automated fire alarm incidents in Liverpool, ahead of main appliances, to assess situations at the premises. The bike is equipped with lights, emergency warning equipment, a first aid kit. The bike was introduced due to rising congestion, and because all of calls. The service was also to investigate if they could be used operationally to fight woodland or grass fires, on 23 July 2010 it was announced the first hose-equipped fire bikes were to be used in the United Kingdom. Other forces have attended a demonstration of the bikes in Merseyside, the bikes will be sent to fires instead of fire appliances when fires are not deemed a threat to people or buildings, thereby freeing up appliances for use elsewhere. The equipment on one bike can fight a fire for two to three minutes, but can extinguish a car fire in around 20 seconds. The bikes will be sent to incidents of anti-social rubbish fires in skips or wheelie bins, the bikes cost about £30,000 to buy and equip. The 1200cc machines are made by BMW motorcycles, a number of UK fire services operate fire bikes to promote safe motorcycle riding. In this education role, the West Sussex service operates two Triumph machines, while the North Wales service use a Yamaha FJR1300, the Northumberland Fire and Rescue Service use a BMW R1150 as their fire bike. Fire appliances in the United Kingdom Firefighting worldwide Motorcycle ambulance Police motorcycle
14.
Liverpool
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Liverpool is a major city and metropolitan borough in North West England.24 million people in 2011. Liverpool historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the south west of the county of Lancashire and it became a borough from 1207 and a city from 1880. In 1889 it became a county borough independent of Lancashire, Liverpool sits on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary and its growth as a major port is paralleled by the expansion of the city throughout the Industrial Revolution. Along with general cargo, freight, raw materials such as coal and cotton, the city was also directly involved in the Atlantic slave trade. Liverpool was home to both the Cunard and White Star Line, and was the port of registry of the ocean liner RMS Titanic and others such as the RMS Lusitania, Queen Mary, and Olympic. The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007, and it held the European Capital of Culture title together with Stavanger, Norway, several areas of Liverpool city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004. The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City includes the Pier Head, Albert Dock, tourism forms a significant part of the citys economy. Liverpool is also the home of two Premier League football clubs, Liverpool and Everton, matches between the two being known as the Merseyside derby, the world-famous Grand National horse race takes place annually at Aintree Racecourse on the outskirts of the city. The city is home to the oldest Black African community in the country. Natives of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians and colloquially as Scousers, a reference to scouse, the word Scouse has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Pool is a place name element in England from the Brythonic word for a pond, inlet, or pit, cognate with the modern Welsh. The derivation of the first element remains uncertain, with the Welsh word Llif as the most plausible relative and this etymology is supported by its similarity to that of the archaic Welsh name for Liverpool Llynlleifiad. Other origins of the name have suggested, including elverpool. The name appeared in 1190 as Liuerpul, and it may be that the place appearing as Leyrpole, in a record of 1418. King Johns letters patent of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool, the original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a royal charter, making it a borough. The original seven streets were laid out in an H shape, Bank Street, Castle Street, Chapel Street, Dale Street, Juggler Street, Moor Street, in the 17th century there was slow progress in trade and population growth. Battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, in 1699 Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament, that same year its first slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa. Since Roman times, the city of Chester on the River Dee had been the regions principal port on the Irish Sea
15.
Architecture of Liverpool
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The architecture of Liverpool is rooted in the citys development into a major port of the British Empire. It encompasses a variety of styles of the past 300 years. Erected 1716-18, Bluecoat Chambers is supposed to be the oldest surviving building in central Liverpool, there are over 2,500 listed buildings in Liverpool of which 27 are Grade I and 85 Grade II* listed. It has been described by English Heritage as Englands finest Victorian city, however, due to neglect, some of Liverpools finest listed buildings are on English Heritages Heritage at Risk register. In accordance with Liverpools role as a port, many of its best buildings were erected as headquarters for shipping firms. The wealth thus generated led to the construction of civic buildings. The historical significance and value of Liverpools architecture and port layout was recognised when, in 2004, Liverpools origins date back as far as the 11th century, although today nothing remains of the citys medieval architecture. Probably the earliest building of note within Liverpool would have been Liverpool Castle, the oldest surviving building within the city is likely to be Stanlawe Grange in Aigburth, a Monastic grange dating from the 13th century. Frequent modifications throughout its history mean that little of the building remains. Like medieval architecture before it, little remains of Tudor and Elizabethan architecture in Liverpool today, speke Hall, which is located in the south of the city, is a Tudor manor house that dates from the 16th century. It was completed in 1598, although much of the dates from much earlier in the century. It is one of the few remaining timber framed Tudor houses in the North of England, another large manor house that dates from this period is Croxteth Hall, the ancestral home of the Molyneux family. Started in 1575, only one wing of the building dates from this period. As such the building mixes a variety of different architectural styles including Elizabethan, Queen Anne Style, several buildings from the Stuart era remain in Liverpool today, with the oldest of them, Tuebrook House, dating from 1615. The Ancient Chapel of Toxteth also dates from this period and was started around 1618. The building is today grade I listed and still serves its purpose as a Unitarian Chapel. One of the periods most notable remaining buildings is Woolton Hall, also built for the Molyneux family, the hall is conceived as a Palladian villa and constructed from red sandstone from the local quarry in Woolton. Mainly built in 1716–17, but with additions nearly immediately necessary, designed in the Queen Anne style, following in the tradition of Christopher Wren, it housed the Liverpool Blue Coat School
16.
Listed buildings in Liverpool
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There are over 2500 listed buildings in Liverpool, England. Of these buildings,27 are classified as Grade I and 85 are classified as Grade II*, the remainder are classified as Grade II. The city has been described by the English Heritage as Englands finest Victorian City, the wide range and depth of architectural styles represented in Liverpool has been recognised by UNESCO, with six areas throughout the city centre being designated as a World Heritage Site in 2004. The areas, collectively known as the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City were added in recognition of the role in the development of International trade. Within the United Kingdom, a building is a building or structure that is of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. Listed building status is used widely in the country to protect sites and has been applied to around half a million buildings. A listed building may not be demolished, extended or altered without permission from the local planning authority. Although most structures appearing on the lists are buildings, other such as bridges, monuments, sculptures, war memorials. Liverpool has a variety of architectural styles represented within the city, dating from as far back as the 13th century. Much of the fabric of Liverpool that exists today dates from the last 200 years. There are over 2,500 listed buildings in Liverpool, the city also has a greater number of public sculptures than any other location in the United Kingdom aside from Westminster and more Georgian houses than the city of Bath. This richness of architecture has subsequently seen Liverpool described by English Heritage, the value of Liverpools architecture and design was recognised in 2004, when several areas throughout the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Known as the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City, the sites were added in recognition of the role in the development of International trade
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Liverpool City Council
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Liverpool City Council is the governing body for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. It consists of 90 councillors, three for each of the citys 30 wards, the council is currently controlled by the Labour Party and is led by Mayor Joe Anderson. It is a constituent council of Liverpool City Region Combined Authority, Liverpool has been a town since 1207, when it was granted its first charter by King John. It has had a town corporation since before the 19th century, the corporation created a police force in 1836. Liverpool was granted city status in 1880, when local government was reformed in 1888 under the Local Government Act 1888 it was one of the cities to become a county borough, and thus independent of Lancashire. This saw the old corporation nomenclature abolished and the council reconstituted as Liverpool City Council, in 1835 Liverpool expanded into the village of Everton and then the township of Kirkdale in the 1860s. In 1895 Wavertree, Walton and parts of Toxteth and West Derby were incorporated into the city, fazakerley and Gateacre followed, then the rest of West Derby known as West Derby Rural in 1928 and finally Speke in 1932. In 1986 the council of Merseyside was abolished and its functions devolved to its districts, Liverpool has never been a district council under Lancashire County Council. In the late 1970s the City was run by the Liberal Party under Sir Trevor Jones, as part of their plans, a cost-cutting exercise was drawn up, to reduce the councils costs by 25%. In 1979 the Conservative Party won the General Election, the council then adopted a deficit budget in which spending exceeded income, and causing a financial crisis. Derek Hatton, councillor for Netherley ward and Deputy Leader of the Council, shouted lies at the platform, the Labour Party ultimately succeeded in expelling members of Militant, and Hatton himself was expelled from the Labour Party in June 1986. 1998 The Liberal Democrats win control of Liverpool City Council,2003 Liverpool win the UK nomination of European Capital of Culture for 2008. 2004 Liverpools waterfront and parts of the city centre are given World Heritage status,2005 Cllr Storey was replaced as leader by Warren Bradley. Sir David Henshaw was replaced as chief executive by Colin Hilton,2005 Liverpool City Council issue a formal apology for the flooding of Capel Celyn, near Bala, North Wales. The community was destroyed and the land flooded to create Llyn Celyn in 1965, the reservoir was solely created to supply water to Liverpool and Wirral. 2006 Planning decisions and policies of the Council threaten the World Heritage status, Council faces cutting £29million from its budget – much of it from the money earmarked for Capital of Culture. 2008 Jason Harborow, Chief Executive of Culture Company, charged with delivering Capital of Culture, quits with a cash payout after clashes with Cllr Warren Bradley. 2008 Liberal Democrats lose overall control of city on 1 May in local elections,2008 Green Party take second seat in St Michaels ward, becoming a recognisable group on the council
18.
Culture of Liverpool
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The Culture of Liverpool incorporates a wide range of activities within the city of Liverpool, England. The city is an important centre for not just in the north west of England. Its contributions to culture internationally were recognised in 2008, when it was named the European Capital of Culture, on 4 June 2008, Liverpool was named a European Capital of Culture for 2008, the other site being Stavanger, Norway. Beryl Bainbridge, one of Englands greatest contemporary writers, grew up in Liverpool, many of her stories are set there. Hawthorne was stationed in Liverpool as United States consul between 1853 and 1856, although he is not known to have ever visited Liverpool, Jung famously had a vivid dream of the city which he analysed in one of his works. Liverpool was the centre in the 1960s of Merseybeat and since then has been home to a music scene, the city is also home to the UKs oldest-established orchestra, the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, headquartered in the Philharmonic Hall, and a youth orchestra. Max Bruch was one of numerous notable conductors of the RLPO, sir Edward Elgar dedicated his famous Pomp and Circumstance No.1 to the Liverpool Orchestral Society, and the piece had its first performance in the city in 1901. Among Liverpools curiosities, the Austrian émigré Fritz Spiegl is notable and he not only became a world expert on the etymology of Scouse, but composed the music to Z-Cars and the Radio 4 UK Theme. During the late 1960s the city well known for the Liverpool poets, who include Roger McGough. An anthology of poems, The Mersey Sound, written by Henri, McGough, Liverpool also has a history of performing arts, reflected every summer in its annual theatrical highlight, the Liverpool Shakespeare Festival and by the number of theatres in the city. These include the Empire, Everyman, Playhouse, Neptune, Royal Court, the Everyman, Unity and Playhouse Theatres all run their own theatre companies. Liverpool has more galleries and national museums than any city in the United Kingdom apart from London. National Museums Liverpool is the only English national collection based wholly outside London, the FACT centre hosts touring multimedia exhibitions, whilst the Walker Art Gallery houses an extensive collection of Pre-Raphaelites. Artists have also come from the city, including painter George Stubbs who was born in Liverpool in 1724. It was during the 2004 festival that Yoko Onos work My mother is beautiful caused widespread public protest when photographs of a womans pubic area were exhibited on the main shopping street. Despite protests the work remained in place
19.
Music of Liverpool
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Liverpool has a lengthy tradition of music both classical and pop. It is well known for The Beatles and its pop and rock music scene has also been important in the development of a number of other bands and artists since the 1950s. In 2001 the Guinness Book of Records declared Liverpool City of Pop due to the number one records to have emerged from the city. The most famous band to have come from Liverpool is The Beatles who played many of their gigs at the Cavern Club. Many sea shanties specifically refer to Liverpool, such as Heave Away, Liverpool Judies, and Maggie May, in the 1960s, the city was home to the development of the Merseybeat style of pop music, popularised by artists including Gerry & The Pacemakers. However, even before Merseybeat Liverpool had successful acts such as Frankie Vaughan, Lita Roza, in the late 1970s/early 1980s, Echo & the Bunnymen, A Flock of Seagulls, Teardrop Explodes, the Mighty Wah. OMD, China Crisis, Frankie Goes to Hollywood and Dead or Alive emerged, 1990s bands that enjoyed success were The Boo Radleys, The Las, The Real People, The Farm and Cast. Since 2000 bands such as The Zutons, The Wombats and The Coral have become popular. P. A. t. T, hot Club de Paris and Kling Klang. In 2008 World Museum Liverpool created The Beat Goes On exhibition charting the history of music in Liverpool in depth, from 1945 to the present day. The Liverpool International Music Festival evolved from the Mathew Street Music Festival, Liverpool International Music Festival is an annual music festival, which takes place during August throughout Liverpool. In 2013, its first year, it took place over 5 weeks and encompassed a number of smaller festivals, the festival also offered an Youth Music Academy, supported by Virgin Trains, a music related Pop Up Art Gallery and a number of showcases and events. In 2011 the GIT Award - formed through influential Liverpool music blog Getintothis - was founded, dubbed the Scouse Mercury Prize by NME, the GIT Award celebrated and championed Merseysides revitalised music scene. The nominees performed at a showcase night at Leaf on Bold Street in April 2013 before Baltic Fleet was unveiled as the eventual winner. A special Inspiration Award, recognising services to Liverpools music industry was won by The Justice Collective, Liverpool hosts several music festivals each year which celebrate and represent the different cultures within the city. Africa Oye is the UKs largest free festival of African music, in 2014 the GIT Award founded the One To Watch prize which champions one young, emerging artist who judges recognise huge artistic potential. Previous recipients are Låpsley and Louis Berry, the GIT Award has held launch parties at Leaf on Bold St, Oh Me Oh My on Water Street and 24 Kitchen Street. Each year the Liverpool Irish Festival is held featuring mostly folk music celebrating the cultural links between Liverpool and Ireland, Liverpool contains a very large Irish population. Current venues include the Echo Arena Liverpool, East Village Arts Club, Kazimier, Zanzibar, O2 Academy, The Magnet, Camp & Furnace and Leaf on Bold Street
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Demography of Liverpool
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The demography of Liverpool is officially analysed by the Office for National Statistics. With a population of around 466,400, Liverpool is the largest settlement in the county, the largest in North West England, as with other major British cities, Liverpool has a large and diverse population. In the 2011 UK Census the recorded population of Liverpool was 466,400, Liverpools population peaked in the 1930s with 846,101 recorded in the 1931 census. Between 2001 and 2006 it experienced the ninth largest percentage population loss of any UK unitary authority. In common with many cities, Liverpools population is younger than that of England as a whole, with 42.3 per cent of its population under the age of 30 and those of working age make up 65.1 per cent of the population. The Liverpool Urban Area encompasses the city of Liverpool alongside Sefton, Knowsley, Haydock and St. Helens had a population of 816,216 in 2001, Merseyside had an estimated population of 1,347,900 in 2008. While more than 90 per cent of Liverpools population is white, Liverpool is home to Britains oldest Black community, dating to at least the 1730s, and some Black Liverpudlians are able to trace their ancestors in the city back ten generations. Early Black settlers in the city included seamen, the children of traders sent to be educated, the city is also home to the oldest Chinese community in Europe, the first residents of the citys Chinatown arrived as seamen in the nineteenth century. The gateway in Chinatown is also the largest gateway outside of China, the city is also known historically for its large Irish and Welsh populations. The Scouse accent is thought to have influenced by the arrival of Irish and Welsh migrants to the city. Today, up to 50 per cent of the population is believed to have Irish ancestry. The Irish and Welsh influences on Liverpool have given its people cultural traits usually associated with the Celtic fringes of the British Isles, the vast majority of Liverpools ethnic minorities live within the inner city area, particularly in and around Toxteth. According to the 2001 census,38 per cent of the population of Granby,37 per cent of Princes Park and 27 per cent of Central Liverpool were from ethnic groups other than White British. The largest and most significant non-English ethnic and national groups in Liverpool are listed in order below. Traditionally, and even today, the Afro-Caribbean population of Liverpool has been largely outnumbered by Black Africans, in 2009, just under 5,000 Liverpudlians were of Afro-Caribbean origin. This is compared to the 6,900 plus individuals of full or partial Black African origin in the city. The International Organization for Migration estimates that Liverpool is home to between 1,000 and 2,000 Jamaicans, with the vast majority of these residing in Toxteth and Granby. Some Black Africans in Liverpool can trace their ancestry back to the links with the slave trade, whilst Afro-Caribbeans are a fairly recent
21.
Scouse
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Scouse is an accent and dialect of English found primarily in the Metropolitan county of Merseyside, and closely associated with the city of Liverpool. The accent extends as far as Flintshire in Wales, Runcorn in Cheshire, the Scouse accent is highly distinctive, and has little in common with those used in the neighbouring regions of Cheshire and Lancashire. The accent itself is not specific to all of Merseyside, with the accents of residents of St Helens and Southport, for example, inhabitants of Liverpool are called Liverpudlians or Liverpolitans but are more often described by the colloquialism Scousers. The word scouse is a form of lobscouse, derived from the Norwegian lapskaus, Swedish lapskojs and Danish labskovs. In the 19th century, poorer people in Liverpool, Birkenhead, Bootle, outsiders tended to call these people scousers. Originally a small fishing village, Liverpool developed as a port, trading particularly with Ireland, the Scandinavians introduced the dish Scouse. Until the mid-19th century, the dominant local accent was similar to that of neighbouring areas of Lancashire, the influence of Irish and Welsh incomers, combined with European accents, contributed to a distinctive local Liverpool accent. The first reference to a distinctive Liverpool accent was in 1890, Scouse is notable in some circumstances for a fast, highly accented manner of speech, with a range of rising and falling tones not typical of most of northern England. Words such as book and cook can be pronounced with the same vowel as in GOOSE. This is true to other towns from the midlands, northern England, the use of a long /uː/ in such words was once used across the whole of Britain, but is now confined to the more traditional accents of Northern England and Scotland. Oddly enough words such as took and look, unlike some other accents in northern towns, not all Liverpudlians are brought up to speak with this variation but this does not make it any less Scouse. The Scouse accent of the early 21st century is different in certain respects from that of earlier decades, The Liverpool accent of the 1950s. But since then, as with most accents and dialects, Scouse has been subject to phonemic evolution, changes have taken place in Scouse vowels, which show length and exaggeration at times in words like read, conversely shorter than standard in a word like sleep. A final er is a sound that, although pronounced as a schwa in surrounding Lancashire and Cheshire, is emphasised as strongly as the e in pet /pɛt/, in a strong Scouse accent, the phoneme /k/ can be realised at the ends of some words as or sometimes. The last condition may not apply if the word begins with a vowel and is pronounced without a pause, so the sentence the floor is dirty is often pronounced. The use of the stop as an allophone of /t/ can occur in various positions. This is called T-glottalisation and is common amongst the younger speakers of the Scouse accent. The letter /t/ may also be flapped intervocalically, /t/ and /d/ are often pronounced similarly to the fricatives /s/, the loss of dental fricatives, /ð/ and /θ/, is commonly attributed to Irish English influence
22.
Economy of Liverpool
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The Economy of Liverpool encompasses a wide range of economic activity that occurs within and surrounding the city of Liverpool, England. With a population of over 1, in 2006, the citys GVA was £7,626 million, providing a per capita figure of £17,489, which was above the North West average. Liverpools economy has seen considerable growth since the mid-1990s, with its GVA increasing 71. 8% between 1995 and 2006 and employment increasing 12% between 1998 and 2006. By sector, Liverpools GVA is predominantly produced through service sector industries, between 1995 and 2001 GVA per head grew at 6. 3% annum. This compared with 5. 8% for inner London and 5. 7% for Bristol, the rate of job growth was 9. 2% compared with a national average of 4. 9% for the same period, 1998-2002. In common with much of the rest of the UK today, Liverpools economy is dominated by service sector industries, in 2007, over 60% of all employment in the city was in the public administration, education, health, banking, finance and insurance sectors. Public Administration, Education and Health are combined, the single largest employment sector within Liverpools economy, despite a recent fall in the number of jobs, the level of employment in these sectors remains higher than the average for the other core cities of England. Liverpool is an important centre for public administration having offices from several government departments and non-departmental public bodies, agencies such as HM Passport Office, Criminal Records Bureau, and Her Majestys Revenue and Customs all have offices in the city. Due to the recession of the late 2000s, Liverpool Council. During the 2011/12 tax year, Liverpool has had a 22% reduction in its council budget amounting to a figure of £91m and and it will also have to make a further £50m of savings during the 2012/13. The banking, finance and insurance sectors are one of the fastest growing areas of Liverpools economy with a 5. 3% increase in jobs in these areas 2006/07. Tourism is a factor in the economy and this has led to a great increase in the provision of high quality services such as hotels, restaurants. From 2013 Liverpool will start cruise turnaround operations from the liner terminal attracting cruise passengers from the north of England. Large visiting naval ships draw large crowds, Liverpool and its boroughs have a large number of sandy beaches accessible by Merseyrail, which prove popular in the summer months. The buildings and districts of Liverpool attract film makers, who regularly use Liverpool to double for cities around the making it the second most filmed city in the UK. Liverpools main shopping area consists of streets and shopping centres. Amongst the larger predominantly retail orientated streets in Liverpool city centre are Church Street, Lord Street, Bold Street, Liverpool One opened fully in October 2008 being the redevelopment of a large part of the postcode area L1—hence the name. It is also built on the old Chavasse Park
23.
Liverpool City Council elections
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Liverpool City Council has existed since 1880, when Liverpool was awarded city status. Prior to this date the local authority was a town council, since 1973 one third of Liverpool City Council in Merseyside, England is elected each year for three years, followed by one year without election. Since the last boundary changes in 2004,90 councillors have been elected from 30 wards, before 1973, elections were held every year for one third of the council. The term of office for councillors was three years, Liverpool City Council election,1928 Third seat added for Childwall ward. Liverpool City Council election,1927 Liverpool City Council election,1926 Liverpool City Council election,1925 Third seat added for Allerton ward, Liverpool City Council election,1924 Second seat added for Allerton ward. Liverpool City Council election,1894 Liverpool City Council election,1893 Liverpool City Council election,1892 Title of Lord Mayor awarded. Representation of the People Act 1985 - allowed British citizens resident overseas to vote in the constituency they were last resident for up to five years after they left the UK. Increased the deposit in Parliamentary elections from £150 to £500, representation of the People Act 1983 - excluded prisoners from voting in local and Parliamentary elections. The deposit for European Parliamentary elections was increased fom £600 to £700, representation of the People Act 1981 - excludes prisoners from being MPs. Local Government Act 1972 - Abolished Aldermen, representation of the People Act 1969 - extended the franchise to over 18s. Representation of the People Act 1948 - Changed election day from 1 November to the first Thursday in May, local Government Act 1929 - abolished the system of Poor Law Unions in England and Wales and their boards of guardians, transferring their powers to local authorities. Representation of the People Act 1928 - extended the franchise to all women over 21,5 million extra men and 8.4 million extra women were enfranchised. Municipal Corporations Amendment Act 1910 - Restricted voting for Aldermen to Councillors only, representation of the People Act 1884 - All men paying an annual rental of £10 or all those holding land valued at £10 now had the vote. The British electorate then totalled over 5,500,000, corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act 1883 criminalised attempts to bribe voters and standardised the amount that could be spent on election expenses. Municipal Corporations Act 1882 - Municipal Franchise Act 1869 - enfranchised women ratepayers
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North West Ambulance Service
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There is no charge to patients for use of the service, and under the Patients charter, every person in the United Kingdom has the right to the attendance of an ambulance in an emergency. The trust lost the contract for non-emergency patient transport services in Cheshire, Warrington and it will transfer to the West Midlands Ambulance Service in July 2016. NWAS use Mercedes-Benz Sprinters or Fiat Ducatos as their standard emergency ambulance, Skoda Scouts as the main Rapid response car, the Trust currently operates from 114 ambulance stations and employs around 4,900 staff. NWAS was the first ambulance trust to be inspected by the Care Quality Commission, emergency medical services in the United Kingdom Healthcare in Greater Manchester North West Air Ambulance List of NHS trusts NWAS Website
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History of Liverpool
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The history of Liverpool can be traced back to 1190 when the place was known as Liuerpul, possibly meaning a pool or creek with muddy water, though other origins of the name have been suggested. The towns first wet dock was opened in 1715 and Liverpools expansion to become a major city continued over the two centuries. By the start of the century, a large volume of trade was passing through Liverpool. In 1830, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway was opened, the population grew rapidly, especially with Irish migrants, by 1851, one quarter of the citys population was Irish-born. As growth continued, the city known as the second city of the Empire. During the Second World War, the city was the centre for planning the crucial Battle of the Atlantic, from the mid-twentieth century, Liverpools docks and traditional manufacturing industries went into sharp decline, with the advent of containerisation making the citys docks obsolete. The unemployment rate in Liverpool rose to one of the highest in the UK, in recent years, Liverpools economy has recovered, partly due to tourism as well as substantial investment in regeneration schemes. The city was a European Capital of Culture in 2008, pool is a common place name element in England from the Brythonic word for a pond, inlet, or pit. The derivation of the first element remains uncertain, with the Welsh word Llif as the most plausible relative and this etymology is supported by its similarity to that of the archaic Welsh name for Liverpool Llynlleifiad. Other origins of the name have suggested, including elverpool. The name appeared in 1190 as Liuerpul, and it may be that the place appearing as Leyrpole, in a record of 1418. In the Iron Age the area around modern-day Liverpool was sparsely populated, the Calderstones are thought to be part of an ancient stone circle and there is archaeological evidence for native Iron Age farmsteads at several sites in Irby, Halewood and Lathom. The region was inhabited by Brythonic tribes, the Setantii as well as nearby Cornovii and it came under Roman influence in about 70 AD, with the northward advance to crush the druid resistance at Anglesey and to end the internal strife between the ruling family of Brigantes. The main Roman presence was at the fortress and settlement at Chester, according to Ptolemy, the Latin hydronym for the Mersey was Seteia Aestuarium, which derives from the Setantii tribe. After the withdrawal of Roman troops, land in the continued to be farmed by native Britons. The settlements at Walton, and Wallasey were named at this time with Wealas being Old English for foreigner referring to the native Celtic, the pseudo-historical Fragmentary Annals of Ireland appears to record the Norse settlement of the Wirral in its account of the immigration of Ingimundr near Chester. This Irish source places this settlement in the aftermath of the Vikings expulsion from Dublin in 902, following these setbacks, Ingimundr is stated to have settled near Chester with the consent of Æthelflæd, co-ruler of Mercia. It is thought that the King wanted a port in the district that was free from the control of the Earl of Chester
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Timeline of Liverpool
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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Liverpool, England. The West Derby Hundred is recorded in the Domesday Book 1207 Liverpool founded by King John. Market active,1292 – John De More becomes mayor. 1349 - The Black Death Plague hits Liverpool,1424 - Riots between the rival Stanley and Molyneux families near Liverpool Castle. 1644 – Town besieged by forces of Prince Rupert of the Rhine,1700 Liverpool Merchant slave ship begins operating. 1708 – Blue Coat School founded,1718 – Blue Coat hospital opens. 1754 – Liverpool Town Hall built,1756 – Liverpool Advertiser newspaper begins publication. 1784 - Liverpool Musical Festival begins,1788 – St. Peters Roman Catholic Church built. Consulate of the United States, Liverpool established,1791 – School for the Blind founded. 1805 - Extension to Liverpool Town Hall completed providing Main Ballroom,1812 – Literary and Philosophical Society founded. 1816 – Leeds and Liverpool Canal constructed,1817 – Liverpool Royal Institution established. 1823 – Marine Humane Society founded,1825 – Liverpool Mechanics School of Arts and Philomathic Society established. 1826 – St James Cemetery laid out,1828 – Borough Sessions House built. 1830 Liverpool and Manchester Railway begins operating,1832 Church of St Luke built. John Swire and Sons in business,1835 - First elected Town Council replaces Common Council. Literary, Scientific and Commercial Institution and Liverpool Town Borough Police established, Liverpool Lime Street railway station opens to the public. 1837 – Liverpool Chess Club formed,1838 – Brougham Institute and Polytechnic Society established. Northern Mechanics Institution and Tradesmens Institution founded,1840 Liverpool College and Liverpool Philharmonic Society founded. Cunards steamship Britannia sails from Liverpool to Boston,1842 St. Francis Xaviers College established
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Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City
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The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City is a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site in Liverpool, England. It comprises six locations in the city centre of Liverpool including the Pier Head, Albert Dock and William Brown Street, in March 2004 ICOMOS recommended that UNESCO inscribe the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City as a World Heritage Site. The area was inscribed during the 28th session of the World Heritage Committee in 2004 under cultural criteria ii, iii and its inclusion by UNESCO was attributed to the fact that it was the supreme example of a commercial port at a time of Britains greatest global influence. In 2012, the site was inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger due to the construction of Liverpool Waters project. It is one of two endangered World Heritage Sites in Europe. The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City comprises six locations throughout the centre of the city, each of which relates to a different component. The inscripted sites extend for approximately 4 km north-south along the citys waterfront, in total it covers an area of 136 hectares. The Pier Head is the point of Liverpools waterfront and is dominated by three of its most recognisable landmarks, The Liver Building, The Port of Liverpool Building. Initially plans existed to add a fourth grace to area, named The Cloud and designed by Will Alsop, today, in what would have been its place, a new Museum of Liverpool opened on 19 July 2011. Behind the Port of Liverpool building is the art deco Georges Dock Ventilation Tower, listed Buildings The Albert Dock is a complex of dock buildings and warehouses located to the south of the Pier Head. The dock was home to many advances in docking technology including being the first to have hydraulic cranes, during World War II the buildings suffered significant damage and general docking decline in the city after the end of the war saw them fall rapidly into disrepair. Today they form a point for tourism in the city, being home to Tate Liverpool, Merseyside Maritime Museum. They also constitute the largest single collection of Grade I listed buildings anywhere in the UK, listed Buildings The Stanley Dock Conservation area is located to the north of the Pier Head and includes huge swathes of Liverpools docking heartland. Two of the Clarence Graving Docks are notable as the oldest docks still in use in the city today, dating back to 1830, amongst the buildings in the area are the Victoria Clock Tower and Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse, one of the largest brick buildings in the world. The area soon developed a cosmopolitan feel being home to various types of people including sea captains, merchants, traders and artisans. Today the area is known as Ropewalks, a reference to the number of roperies present in the area when Liverpool was one of the busiest ports in the world during the 18th and 19th centuries. Today a centre for commercial activity in the city, the area was included due to the nature of its development over three centuries and the grandeur of its architecture and monuments. Listed Buildings The William Brown street area is the point for many of Liverpools civic buildings forming a so-called cultural quarter
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Lord Mayor of Liverpool
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The current Lord Mayor of Liverpool is the Right Worshipful Councillor Roz Gladden who has held the post since May 2016. When Liverpool was granted city status in 1880 it was deemed necessary for the city of the Empire to have a Lord Mayor. The city was granted a Lord Mayoralty on 3 August 1893 through letters patent making it the third oldest office of this kind in England along with Manchester. And Robert Durning Holt became the first Lord Mayor of Liverpool, for a substantial period of time the Lord Mayor of Liverpool used the prefix of The Right Honourable as did the Lord Mayor of London. Sir Albert Woods, Garter Principal King of Arms was of the opinion that this honorific should be enabled, when Sir Alfred Scott-Gatty succeeded as King of Arms, he expressed the view that his predecessor had made an error. This changed nothing, however, and the city continued to use the prefix up until a Parliamentary statement in 1927, from then on the Lord Mayor was styled The Right Worshipful. William Wallace Currie was the first Mayor of Liverpool under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, in 1983, the Labour controlled Council replaced the office of Lord Mayor with that of Chairman. The Lord Mayoralty was formally restored in 1990
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Mayor of Liverpool
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The Mayor of Liverpool is the executive mayor of the City of Liverpool in England. The incumbent is the former Leader of Liverpool City Council, Joe Anderson, the Mayor of Liverpool has been branded the most powerful politician in England outside the capital. On 5 May 2012, Joe Anderson became Liverpools first elected mayor, the mayor is elected by the residents of Liverpool for a four-year period and is responsible for executive functions of Liverpool City Council and for the day-to-day running of the organisation. They are charged with leading the city, building investor confidence, the mayor does not have responsibility for setting the Council budget or formulating policy framework plans as this remains with the city council. The mayor must appoint a cabinet of two or more councillors who do not have to be from the political party. The mayor decides on the size of the cabinet and to what extent executive functions may be delegated, the mayor also benefits from so called soft powers conferred on them by being directly elected, which enables them to influence, persuade and co-ordinate on a wider scale. The Mayor of Liverpool is entitled to sit on the proposed Cabinet of Mayors, along with the directly elected mayors in England. Such a position allows a direct route to the Prime Minister and other senior ministers, Cabinet meetings will be held at least twice a year offering the opportunity to discuss local issues with decision-makers in Whitehall. A number of commentators had expressed disappointment that the Mayors remit does not cover the entire area of Liverpool. A2011 report by former Deputy Prime Minister Michael Heseltine and Terry Leahy argued that an elected mayor should cover the six districts of the Liverpool City Region. The report argued that in marketing terms Liverpool is a world class brand, after opposition from the boroughs of Wirral, St Helens and Sefton, the idea of a city region mayor was dropped. In November 2015, the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority agreed a deal with government that will result in the creation of a metro mayor for the city region. Elections will be held in 2017, the mayor is elected by the supplementary vote system for a period of four years. Each voter lists both a first and second choice candidate, if no-one gets more than 50% of the vote the second choices are allocated to the top two candidates. The Mayor of Liverpool was paid £77,039.89 in 2012-13, since 2013, he has been paid £79,500 per annum
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Parks and open spaces in Liverpool
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Liverpool, England, UK has a significant area of public parks and gardens. The English Heritage National Register of Historic Parks describes Merseyside’s Victorian Parks as collectively the most important in the country, the city of Liverpool has ten listed parks and cemeteries, including two Grade I and five Grade II*, more than any other English city apart from London. There are over 2,500 acres of parks and open spaces in the city, much of the open space was for centuries private estate land. In particular several of the grand houses of the Georgian and Victorian eras are now either demolished or in public ownership, with their grounds. From the early 1850s onwards, Liverpool endorsed this policy with the introduction of a ring of major municipal parks through a significant level of investment in public parks and these included Princes, Sefton, Wavertree, Shiel, Newsham and Stanley Parks. Entry to all of these parks is unrestricted in terms of opening hours, with the exception of the botanic garden in Wavertree Park. Main Article Croxteth Hall Today Croxteth Hall & Country Park is managed by Liverpool City Council, the Hall is Grade II* listed and the Park Grade II
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Merseyside Police
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Merseyside Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing Merseyside in North West England. The service area is 647 square kilometres with a population of around 1.5 million, as of March 2009 the service has 4,494 police officers,2,221 staff,442 police community support officers and 420 special constables. The service operates under the oversight of the Police and Crime Commissioner, a proposal to merge the force with the Cheshire Constabulary to form a strategic police force was made by the Home Secretary on 6 February 2006 but later abandoned. The service came into being in 1974 when Merseyside was created, the police and crime commissioner is scrutinised by the Merseyside Police and Crime Panel, made up of elected councillors from the local authorities in Merseyside. Before November 2012 the Merseyside Police Authority was the police governance, Merseyside Police is divided into five Basic Command Units, one in each of the metropolitan boroughs that make up Merseyside. The BCUs are, Liverpool Sefton Wirral St Helens Knowsley There are many different departments make up Merseyside Police. These include the Matrix Disruption Team and, formerly, the Anti-Social Behaviour Taskforce, the Matrix Disruption Team led by a Chief Inspector, consists of syndicates made up of Inspectors, Sergeants and Constables. Each syndicate works with other Matrix units to provide the force with a level two response to gun crime, faction based criminality and cash-in-transit robberies and they are the first response to any major large-scale disorder within the Merseyside force area. These officers are trained to deal with a variety of disorder situations. Public order is one of the functions of the department. Matrix has a number of baton gun trained specialist officers, two Sergeants and ten Constables, the Matrix team also have specialist search teams and rope access teams. They use yellow Mercedes Sprinter police vans with special markings on the side to show they are Matrix, the team also uses a marked Vauxhall Vectra Estate but this does not have any Matrix markings on, just the usual Merseyside livery. The Anti-Social Behaviour Taskforce deals with people who are alleged to be creating anti-social behaviour and they also make raids for drugs and known offenders who are alleged to be lowering the standard of life for the community. They use yellow Mercedes Sprinter police vans with special markings on the side to show they are used by the ASB Taskforce and they have different numbers on, which include QV0 + another digit. There is also an ASB Taskforce Peugeot Expert van and a 2009 Ford Focus Estate, the unit was initially known as Axis, but the use of this name was dropped around the end of 2007. It was publicly announced on 9 July 2010 that as a result of budget reductions, Merseyside Police Mounted Section has a long history. It is the oldest Provincial Mounted section, formed in 1886 as part of Liverpool City Police and it is an integral part of the Operational Support Unit, and is based at Greenhill Road, Allerton, Liverpool. The mounted section is an operational specialist section with a staff of 1 Inspector,2 Sergeants,14 Constables,6 civilian stable hands and 14 horses, each area within the force has its own allocation of dogs and handlers who work alongside the neighbourhood patrol section
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Port of Liverpool Police
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The Port of Liverpool police is accountable to the Department for Transport. Its officers receive their service and good conduct medals from the department. Officers of the hold the full powers of the office of constable. Officers have full power everywhere in the port and where necessary, have jurisdiction throughout the rest of the country, the force employs under 50 police officers, of whom five comprise the criminal investigation department. The force has a number of cars and vans, several dog units, the rank structure of the Port of Liverpool Police is smaller than that used in most UK police forces, as shown below. Further promotion within the falls down to selection, merit. In its present form, the force has existed since the 19 June 1975 and it became fully operational in July 1976 The Manchester Ship Canal had a separate police force, the Manchester Ship Canal Police, from its founding in 1893 until 1993. The force has jurisdiction over the whole of the Port of Liverpool, officers can discharge their duties throughout England and Wales. The port police responds to the report of all crimes and emergencies within the port area, however, according to the memorandum, each force may call upon the other where a situation is outside of its operational abilities
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Mersey Tunnels Police
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The Mersey Tunnels Police is a small, non-Home Office police service which polices the Mersey Tunnels in Merseyside, England on behalf of the Merseyside Passenger Transport Authority. Mersey Tunnels Police officers hold the office of constable, unlike most police services in England and Wales, the service is answerable to the Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive rather than the Home Office. The executive also appoints the services officers who are sworn in as police constables by a justice of the peace. As of 2010 the service consisted of around 55 officers across the various ranks, the services jurisdiction consists of the tunnels themselves, marshaling areas, entrance/exit roads and all Mersey Tunnels premises. Officers execute their duties in accordance with The Mersey Tunnels Bylaws, in some cases, officers may assist with high-urgency motorway incidents in the surrounding area where other patrols are further away. Formed in January 1936 with two inspectors, four sergeants and 14 constables they undertook motorcycle patrols of the tunnels, the force grow to a maximum strength of 1 Chief Superintendent,1 Chief Inspector,5 Inspectors,15 Sergeants and 60 Constables. As of January 2015, the establishment of the service consisted of 51 officers, divided amongst the ranks, One chief officer. The service uses a range of vehicles. The newest models bought in 2010 being the Land Rover Discovery IV, additionally, the service has some older Ford Galaxy and Land Rover Discovery II models which are also planned to be replaced in the second half of 2010 with Ford and Land Rover Freelander vehicles. In March 2009, a driver was pulled over by a Tunnels officer for laughing behind the wheel. List of police forces in the United Kingdom Law enforcement in the United Kingdom Port of Liverpool Police Merseyside Police Mersey Tunnels Images of Mersey Tunnels Police on Flickr
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Port of Liverpool
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The Port of Liverpool is the enclosed 7. The port is being extended by the building of a container terminal at Seaforth Dock. The terminal will berth two 14,000 container Post-Panamax ships, the terminal was scheduled to be opened in phases during 2016, simultaneously with the widened third locks of the Panama Canal. Garston Docks, which are in the city of Liverpool, are not a part of the Port of Liverpool, Liverpools first dock was the worlds first enclosed commercial dock, the Old Dock, built in 1715. The Lyver Pool, an inlet in the narrows of the estuary. Further docks were added and eventually all were interconnected by lock gates, from 1830 onwards, most of the building stone was granite from Kirkmabreck near Creetown, Scotland. The interconnected dock system was the most advanced system in the world. The docks enabled ship movements within the dock system 24 hours a day, parts of the system are now a World Heritage Site. From 1885 the dock system was the hub of a power network that stretched beyond the docks. Most of the south end docks were closed in 1971 with Brunswick Dock remaining until closure in 1975. Many docks have been filled in to land for buildings, at the Pier Head. In the north, some branch docks have been filled in to create land, sandon and Wellington Docks have been filled in and are now the location of a sewage works. Most of Hornby Dock was filled in to allow Gladstone Docks coal terminal to expand, the largest dock on the dock network, Seaforth Dock, was opened in 1972 and deals with grain and containers, accommodating what were the largest containers ships at that time. Both White Star Line and Cunard Line were based at the port and it was also the home port of many great ships, including RMS Baltic and the ill-starred Tayleur, MV Derbyshire, HMHS Britannic, RMS Lusitania and the RMS Titanic. In 1972 Canadian Pacific unit CP Ships were the last transatlantic line to operate from Liverpool, in 2014 Liverpool was the United Kingdoms sixth largest port by tonnage of freight handled. 2016 will see the opening of Liverpool2, a newly constructed container terminal situated directly on the river and this terminal will enable the Port of Liverpool to receive larger container vessels. Cruise ships sailed from Langton Dock, part of the north docks system. Departures and arrivals were subject to tides, Cruise ships returned to Liverpools Pier Head in 2008, berthing at a newly constructed cruise terminal, enabling departures and arrivals at any time
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Archbishop of Liverpool
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The Archbishop of Liverpool is the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool and metropolitan of the Province of Liverpool in England. The archdiocese covers an area of 1,165 km2 of the west of the County of Lancashire south of the Ribble, parts of Merseyside, Cheshire, Greater Manchester, and the Isle of Man. The see is in the City of Liverpool, where the Archbishops cathedra or seat is located in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King, the Archbishops residence is Archbishops House, Carnatic Road, Liverpool. The current Archbishop is the Most Reverend Malcolm McMahon who was appointed by Pope Francis on 21 March 2014, after the Reformation, the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England, Scotland, and Wales was abandoned and became under the authority of prefects and vicars apostolics. In 1688, England and Wales were divided in four apostolic vicariates, the London, Midland, Northern, the Liverpool area came under the Northern District, and it remained until the creation of the Lancashire District in 1840. The Lancashire District consisted of the counties of Lancashire and Cheshire. On the restoration of the hierarchy in England and Wales in 1850, Most of the Lancashire District was replaced by the dioceses of Liverpool and Salford
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Bishop of Liverpool
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The Bishop of Liverpool is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Liverpool in the Province of York. The diocese stretches from Southport in the north, to Widnes in the south and its see is in the City of Liverpool at the Cathedral Church of Christ. The Bishops residence is Bishops Lodge, Liverpool, the office has existed since the founding of the diocese in 1880 under Queen Victoria. The current bishop is Paul Bayes, who has been bishop since the confirmation of his election on 23 July 2014
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Transport in Liverpool
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As a major British city, Liverpool has significant road and rail networks and also an international airport and port. It also has a significant underground railway network serves the city. In common with most other cities within the United Kingdom, Liverpools transport infrastructure is centred on its road. Public transport services within the city are controlled and run by the Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive, Liverpool has direct road links with many other major areas of England. The Kingsway road tunnel gives direct access to the M53 motorways, the north south M6 has a junction with the M56. The Queensway road tunnel give a link to the A41 that eventually stretches to London, although using the M62 or M6. However, the A41 is a quick and direct link with Cheshire and Shropshire. This in turn provides a link to the A55 road that runs along the North Wales coastline. In the early 1960s there were plans to build a Liverpool Inner Motorway which would have similar to the urban motorways which were later built around the cities of Manchester. The motorway was still a possibility as the 1970s drew to a close, the only section built was from Leeds Street in the north of the city centre, south along the dock road to Parliament Street. Long distance coach services arrive at and depart from the National Express stop at Liverpool One Bus Station, local buses serve the whole of the city and its surrounding areas. The two principal termini for local buses are Queen Square Bus Station for services north, east and west of the city, Liverpool is served by two separate rail networks. The local urban rail network, which is underground in the centres of Liverpool and Birkenhead, is managed and run by Merseyrail and serves the whole of Merseyside, also providing links beyond. The national mainline network, which is managed by Network Rail, provides Liverpool with connections to major towns, the Wirral Line, which runs through the Mersey Railway Tunnel has branches to New Brighton, West Kirby, Chester and Ellesmere Port. The City Line, which begins at Lime Street, providing links to St Helens, Wigan, Preston, Warrington, the Northern and Wirral lines of the network are electrified while diesel trains operate on the separate City Line. Work is currently underway electrifying the City Line, services on the Northern and Wirral lines are operated by the Merseyrail franchise and managed by the Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive. This electric network is one of the busiest and most extensive in the country, covering 75 miles of track and it should be noted that local services on the City Line are operated by Northern rather than Merseyrail, although the line itself remains part of the Merseyrail network. Within the city centre the majority of the network is underground, with 4 city centre stations, mainline rail services in Liverpool provide the city with links across England and are centred on Lime Street station in the city centre
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North West England
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North West England, one of nine official regions of England, consists of the five counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,052,000 in 2011 and it is the third most populated region in the United Kingdom after the South East and Greater London. North West England is bounded to the east by the Peak District, the region extends from the Scottish Borders in the north to the West Midlands region in the south. To its southwest is North Wales, amongst the better known of the North Wests physiographical features are the Lake District and the Cheshire Plain. The highest point in North West England is Scafell Pike, Cumbria, Windermere is the largest natural lake in England. Broad Crag Tarn on Broad Crag is Englands highest lake, wast Water is Englands deepest lake, being 74m deep. A mix of rural and urban landscape, two large conurbations, centred on Liverpool and Manchester, occupy much of the south of the region. The north of the region, comprising Cumbria and northern Lancashire, is rural, as is the far south which encompasses parts of the Cheshire Plain. The region includes parts of three National parks and three areas of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, source, Office for National Statistics Mid Year Population Estimates North West Englands population accounts for just over 13% of Englands overall population. 37. 86% of the North Wests population resides in Greater Manchester,21. 39% in Lancashire,20. 30% in Merseyside,14. 76% in Cheshire and 7. 41% live in the largest county by area, Cumbria. According to 2009 Office for National Statistics estimates,91. 6% of people in the region describe themselves as White,88. 4% White British,1. 0% White Irish and 2. 2% White Other. The Mixed Race population makes up 1. 3% of the regions population, there are 323,800 South Asians, making up 4. 7% of the population, and 1. 1% Black Britons. 0. 6% of the population are Chinese and 0. 5% of people belong to ethnic group. North West England is a diverse region, with Manchester. 19. 4% of Blackburn with Darwens population are Muslim, the third highest among all local authorities in the United Kingdom, Areas such as Moss Side in Greater Manchester are home to a 30%+ Black British population. In contrast, the town of St. Helens in Merseyside, one in five of the population in the North West is Catholic, a result of large-scale Irish emigration in the nineteenth century as well as the high number of English recusants in Lancashire. For top-tier authorities, Manchester has the highest teenage pregnancy rate in the region, for council districts, Burnley has the highest rate, closely followed by Hyndburn, both in Lancashire. For top-tier authorities, Cheshire has the lowest teenage pregnancy rate, for council districts, Eden has the lowest rate closely followed by South Lakeland, both in Cumbria
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United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
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Avon Fire and Rescue Service
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Avon Fire & Rescue Service is the fire and rescue service covering the unitary authorities of Bath and North East Somerset, Bristol, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire in South West England. Avon Fire Brigade was created in 1974, when Avon county was created, in 1996, the county was abolished and four separate unitary authorities were created. Administration of the service was taken over by a joint fire authority made up of councillors from the four unitary authorities, in 2004, the Fire And Rescue Services Act was passed. To better reflect the roles and responsibilities of the fire service. Fleur Lombard QGM was the first female firefighter to die on duty in peacetime Britain, while Avon Fire, the Fleur Lombard Bursary Fund provides travel grants so that a junior UK firefighter may visit the fire service of another country. The role of a fire and rescue service has increased from fighting fires to cover the core functions of Protecting, Preventing and Responding. The fire service aims to cut the risk of developing in the first place by promoting safety messages to local residents. Avon Fire & Rescue Service runs community safety campaigns, the summer 2009 campaign, Be BBQ Safe, included a hard hitting interview with a BBQ fire burns victim who spent the previous summer in intensive care after using nitro to light his BBQ. The Car Clear scheme was launched in 2001, with the intention of promptly removing abandoned vehicles from streets and this eliminates the possibility of arson attacks. In meeting their Mission, Vision and Values Avon Fire & Rescue Service utilizes a large cadre of emergency equipment and these include 81 appliances,51 pumping appliances, four turntable ladders and 16 special appliances. Adding to the emergency response can also be their boats, pods, fork lift trucks, a Control Emergency Evacuation Vehicle. In 2009 &2011 Avon Fire & Rescue added 2 - Polybilt bodied Combined Aerial Rescue Platforms, the first began service at the Patchway fire station and was subsequently moved to the Speedwell fire station. The second was assigned to the Bedminster fire station, however both of these appliances have been withdrawn from service by July 2016 and the bodywork has been removed from the chassis to allow for the chassis to be used for new specialist appliances. Also in 2009 to better serve the public the Yate Fire Station was upgraded to “whole-time/retained status”, firefighters would now be ready to respond from the fire station 24/7. This was an upgrade from the previously “crewed” status of 0800 –1700 hours daily and firefighters responding from their homes. As part of the “Investing for the Future” programme which began in 2014 Kingswood Fire Station was closed for refurbishment, the Kingswood Fire Station project was completed and subsequently the Speedwell Fire Station closed permanently all in 2015. The Chair of Avon Fire Authority assured the public that response standards will remain unchanged, along with the Speedwell Fire Station the Keynsham Fire Station was also closed November 1,2015. According to the Chairman of Avon Fire Authority, Councillor Peter Abraham The regeneration of Keynsham town centre meant we needed to move the existing Keynsham Fire Station
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Bedfordshire Fire and Rescue Service
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Bedfordshire Fire and Rescue Service provides the Fire and Rescue Service to the area covered and served by Central Bedfordshire Council, Bedford Borough Council and Luton Borough Council. The Service took its current name following the abolition of the County Council, Bedfordshire Fire and Rescue Service currently employ more than 550 staff on a variety of conditions of service. These include Firefighters on the Wholetime shift system, Firefighters on the Retained Duty System, Fire Officers on the Flexible Duty System, Fire Control Operators, the countys control room was due to move into a regional control centre in Cambridge in 2011 as part of the FiReControl project. The Firefighters currently working at the countys five Wholetime stations are the first in the country to work 24-hour shifts
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Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service
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Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service for the non-metropolitan county of Cambridgeshire and the unitary authority of Peterborough. Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Services headquarters are in Huntingdon, the fire authority comprises 17 elected councillors,13 from Cambridgeshire County Council and four from Peterborough city council. The full authority meets four times a year at Service headquarters, meetings are open to the general public. Fire service in the United Kingdom History of fire brigades in the United Kingdom Cambridgeshire Constabulary East of England Ambulance Service Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service
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Peterborough Volunteer Fire Brigade
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In the United Kingdom the use of retained firefighters rather than volunteers is standard. The Peterborough Volunteer Fire Brigade, formed in 1884, is the one of its kind remaining. Nowadays the Peterborough Volunteer Fire Brigade effectively functions as a fire station. Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service also operate two wholetime and one retained fire station in Peterborough, the volunteer fire station, located on Bourges Boulevard, was built in the Brigades centenary year. It aims to keep one full crew of six people on duty at all times, borth Volunteer Fire Unit, part of Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service, Ceredigion command, operates on a similar basis. The Fire Brigades Act 1938, formally constituted municipal boroughs as fire authorities, during World War II, these fire brigades were combined into a National Fire Service. After the war, the government passed the Fire Services Act 1947, throughout these changes, the Peterborough Volunteer Fire Brigade remained a separate entity. To mark its centenary in 1984, the Brigade received the councils highest accolade, Fire service in the United Kingdom History of fire brigades in the United Kingdom Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service
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Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service
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The service is led by the Chief Fire Officer, currently Paul Hancock, and the Service Management Team. It is managed by the Cheshire Fire Authority, which is composed of councillors from the communities of Cheshire. They make decisions on such as policy, finance and resources. Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service employs over 980 staff and looks after a population of 984,300 people spread across an area of 2,334 square kilometres and it has 27 fire stations and a headquarters in Winsford. The region features several large areas such as Warrington and Chester. It is in proximity to two major airports, Manchester and Liverpool. At that time there were 23,500 firemen in England and Wales, with an additional 18,000 part-time personnel and it was recognised that these numbers were to prove too small for future requirements. Cheshire County Fire Department was formed on 1 April 1948 after a period of nationalisation spanning six, the years following the Second World War were a time of great shortages. A plea was made to the new Fire Brigades from His Majestys Stationery Office that when disposing of NFS documents all pins, tags, paperclips, severe problems also arose in finding suitable housing for the firemen, firewomen and their families. This continued to be a problem into the next decade, the summer of 1949/50 was exceptionally dry and this led to a considerable increase in the number of fires, with a 33% rise in the number of calls. There was also an increase of malicious calls, with 53 being noted in that year and it was a worrying trend that was to continue until 1956/57. At that time about a third of fires were either chimney fires or were caused by playing with matches. Sparks from railway locomotives were also a problem, a growing area of work was special service calls, many involving the rescue of animals from precarious positions. Fire prevention was stepped up with the number of inspections almost doubling in 1950, in 1952 a Fire Safety campaign was launched with films shown in every cinema including Every Five Minutes and Fire The Enemy. Recruitment was an issue facing the Brigade. A major recruitment drive was launched in 1950 but many officers were leaving the service for more employment in industry. Another problem was the suitability of candidates, in 1953/54, of the 102 who applied to join only 20 were found to be satisfactory. After protracted negotiations with the Police, limited participation in a trial of wireless communication was agreed, for the first time fire stations would be linked by radio and by the mid-50s 25 fire appliances had radio communications
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Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service
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Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service covering Cornwall in the United Kingdom. The Service employs 428 retained firefighters,201 full-time firefighters, plus over 120 support, originally scheduled to take place in July 2010, the cutover date was revised to January 2012, however the plan was scrapped in December 2010. Due to an influx in visitors during the months, Newquay is changed to a wholetime structure during the summer period. These are areas that have identified as having a greater need for ambulance cover. The aim of a team is to preserve life until the arrival of either a Rapid Response Vehicle or an ambulance. Co-responder vehicles are equipped with oxygen and automated external defibrillator equipment, the fire stations operating as co-responders are, Helston Mullion St. Keverne St. Mawes Polruan The Service workshop and stores are located at the Tolvaddon SHQ. The workshop contains 5 bays containing one HGV ramp bay, one car and van ramp bay, the setup enables up to 5 vehicles to be in the workshop at any one time. This is always updated to ensure any equipment or clothing needed is ready to be dispatched immediately to wherever it is needed, emergency repair is available 24/7 through an on call system where mechanics take turns to provide 24-hour service if an appliance or equipment becomes defective. Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service uses a variety of front-line and specialist appliances, Also referred to as the first away appliance and it carries an array of equipment including crash rescue equipment, breathing apparatus, water rescue equipment and a thermal imaging camera. Their major capabilities include pumping up to 2,000 litres per minute between two locations and it has a storage capacity of 1,800 litres. The pump carries a 13.5 metre ladder, a short extension ladder, Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service operate the following chassis as WRLs, Mercedes Atego 1328F Mercedes LK 1124AF Volvo FL290 Also referred to as the second away. These appliances are similar to the Water Tender Ladders, but carry a different range of equipment, with ladders up to 10.5 metres. They are not the primary responder to a traffic collision. The water tenders are used to support water tender ladders at fires, a water tender, like its counterpart, is capable of carrying up to six firefighters. These appliances would be requested, or mobilised with the main appliance and these vehicles have a lightweight pump mounted on the back which feeds either a hosereel or 75 mm hose. They can also be fed by a small water tank or from a hydrant. The 4x4 appliances have the capability to carry a crew of up to four, some carry 2 sets of breathing apparatus however they carry a limited amount of equipment. They are operated by specially trained wholetime and retained firefighters at Newquay, the ICUs carries specialist equipment to be able to effectively take control of all communications at the incident ground
England
