1.
London boroughs
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London boroughs are 32 of the 33 local authority districts of the Greater London administrative area and are each governed by a London borough council. The London boroughs were all created at the time as Greater London on 1 April 1965 by the London Government Act 1963 and are a type of local government district. Twelve were designated as Inner London boroughs and twenty as Outer London boroughs, London boroughs have populations of around 150,000 to 300,000. Inner London boroughs tend to be smaller, in population and area, and more densely populated than Outer London boroughs. The London boroughs were created by combining groups of local government units. A review undertaken between 1987 and 1992 led to a number of small alterations in borough boundaries. London borough councils provide the majority of government services, in contrast to the strategic Greater London Authority. The councils were first elected in 1964 and acted as shadow authorities until 1 April 1965, each borough is divided into electoral wards, subject to periodic review, for the purpose of electing councillors. Council elections take place four years, with the most recent elections in 2014. The political make-up of London borough councils is dominated by the Conservative, Labour, twenty-eight councils follow the leader and cabinet model of executive governance, with directly elected mayors in Hackney, Lewisham, Newham, and Tower Hamlets. The City of London is instead governed by the City of London Corporation, from the mid-1930s, the Greater London area comprised four types of local government authorities. There were county boroughs, municipal boroughs, urban districts and metropolitan boroughs, the large county boroughs provided all local government services and held the powers usually invested in county councils. The municipal borough and urban district authorities had fewer powers, reform of London local government sought to regularise this arrangement. The Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London was established in 1957 and it proposed 52 Greater London Boroughs with a population range of 100,000 to 250,000. This was made up of a mixture of existing units. In December 1961 the government proposed that there would be 34 boroughs rather than 52, the proposed number was further reduced to 32 in 1962. On 1 April 1965, the 32 London boroughs and Greater London were created by the London Government Act 1963,12 boroughs in the former County of London area were designated Inner London boroughs and the 20 others were designated Outer London boroughs. The City of London continued to be administered by the City of London Corporation, elections were held on 7 May 1964, with the new councils acting as shadow authorities before coming into their powers the following year
2.
London Borough of Merton
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The London Borough of Merton /ˈmɜːrtən/ is a borough in south-west London, England. The main commercial centres in Merton are Mitcham, Morden and Wimbledon, other smaller centres include Raynes Park, Colliers Wood, South Wimbledon, Wimbledon Park and Pollards Hill. The borough is the host of the Wimbledon tournament, one of tenniss Grand Slam competitions, the borough derives its name from the historic parish of Merton which was centred on the area now known as South Wimbledon. Merton was chosen as a compromise, following a dispute between Wimbledon and Mitcham over the new boroughs name. The local authority is Merton London Borough Council, Colliers Wood Lower Morden Merton Park Mitcham Mitcham Common Morden Morden Park Motspur Park New Malden Norbury Pollards Hill Raynes Park St. This followed four years as a minority administration, at the same time, it elects a deputy mayor to serve alongside the mayor. Since 1978, each Mayor must also be an elected councillor, a lot of filming for former ITV police drama The Bill took place in Merton, particularly in the districts of Mitcham and Colliers Wood. The set of Sun Hill police station was located in the Borough. The main local newspaper in Merton is the Wimbledon Guardian with two editions, Wimbledon along with Mitcham and Morden, the main difference between the papers is the front page. The Wimbledon Post is another newspaper published weekly. Both newspapers are available free, though there is a charge if bought from a newsagent, Square Enix Europe has its head office in Wimbledon Bridge House in Wimbledon. Eidos Interactive, a subsidiary of Square Enix, also shares the same head office, Merton is served by a wide range of National Rail stations across the borough, as well as the southern tip of London Undergrounds Northern line and the District line on the Wimbledon branch. The borough is served by several London Tramlink stops from Wimbledon. In 2001, the census recorded that 25% of the population of the borough was from an ethnic minority, the highest ethnic populations were recorded in wards in the east of the borough. The percentage of population from ethnic minorities is predicted to rise across the borough within the next decade, the most affluent wards were in the north and west of the borough. Comparative crime rates appear to be unrelated to the ranking of wards. Merton currently operates a Police Cadet scheme under the Metropolitan Police Service, the borough gained a football team in 1889 when Wimbledon Old Centrals were founded, and were soon a member of the local football leagues. The club later adopted the title Wimbledon FC and moved into a new stadium at Plough Lane in 1912, as the 20th century wore on, the club enjoyed considerable success in non league football
3.
Labour Party (UK)
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The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom. Labour later served in the coalition from 1940 to 1945. Labour was also in government from 1964 to 1970 under Harold Wilson and from 1974 to 1979, first under Wilson and then James Callaghan. The Labour Party was last in government from 1997 to 2010 under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, beginning with a majority of 179. Having won 232 seats in the 2015 general election, the party is the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the party also organises in Northern Ireland, but does not contest elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly. The Labour Party is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance. In September 2015, Jeremy Corbyn was elected Leader of the Labour Party, the first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party. In the 1895 general election, the Independent Labour Party put up 28 candidates, Keir Hardie, the leader of the party, believed that to obtain success in parliamentary elections, it would be necessary to join with other left-wing groups. Hardies roots as a lay preacher contributed to an ethos in the party led to the comment by 1950s General Secretary Morgan Phillips that Socialism in Britain owed more to Methodism than Marx. The motion was passed at all stages by the TUC, the meeting was attended by a broad spectrum of working-class and left-wing organisations—trades unions represented about one third of the membership of the TUC delegates. This created an association called the Labour Representation Committee, meant to coordinate attempts to support MPs sponsored by trade unions and it had no single leader, and in the absence of one, the Independent Labour Party nominee Ramsay MacDonald was elected as Secretary. He had the task of keeping the various strands of opinions in the LRC united. The October 1900 Khaki election came too soon for the new party to campaign effectively, only 15 candidatures were sponsored, but two were successful, Keir Hardie in Merthyr Tydfil and Richard Bell in Derby. Support for the LRC was boosted by the 1901 Taff Vale Case, the judgement effectively made strikes illegal since employers could recoup the cost of lost business from the unions. In their first meeting after the election the groups Members of Parliament decided to adopt the name The Labour Party formally, the Fabian Society provided much of the intellectual stimulus for the party. One of the first acts of the new Liberal Government was to reverse the Taff Vale judgement, the Peoples History Museum in Manchester holds the minutes of the first Labour Party meeting in 1906 and has them on display in the Main Galleries. Also within the museum is the Labour History Archive and Study Centre, the governing Liberals were unwilling to repeal this judicial decision with primary legislation
4.
Conservative Party (UK)
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The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a political party in the United Kingdom. It is currently the party, having won a majority of seats in the House of Commons at the 2015 general election. The partys leader, Theresa May, is serving as Prime Minister. It is the largest party in government with 8,702 councillors. The Conservative Party is one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom, the other being its modern rival. The Conservative Partys platform involves support for market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defence, deregulation. In the 1920s, the Liberal vote greatly diminished and the Labour Party became the Conservatives main rivals, Conservative Prime Ministers led governments for 57 years of the twentieth century, including Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. Thatchers tenure led to wide-ranging economic liberalisation, the Conservative Partys domination of British politics throughout the twentieth century has led to them being referred to as one of the most successful political parties in the Western world. The Conservatives are the joint-second largest British party in the European Parliament, with twenty MEPs, the party is a member of the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe Europarty and the International Democrat Union. The party is the second-largest in the Scottish Parliament and the second-largest in the Welsh Assembly, the party is also organised in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The Conservative Party traces its origins to a faction, rooted in the 18th century Whig Party and they were known as Independent Whigs, Friends of Mr Pitt, or Pittites. After Pitts death the term Tory came into use and this was an allusion to the Tories, a political grouping that had existed from 1678, but which had no organisational continuity with the Pittite party. From about 1812 on the name Tory was commonly used for the newer party, the term Conservative was suggested as a title for the party by a magazine article by J. Wilson Croker in the Quarterly Review in 1830. The name immediately caught on and was adopted under the aegis of Sir Robert Peel around 1834. Peel is acknowledged as the founder of the Conservative Party, which he created with the announcement of the Tamworth Manifesto, the term Conservative Party rather than Tory was the dominant usage by 1845. In 1912, the Liberal Unionists merged with the Conservative Party, in Ireland, the Irish Unionist Alliance had been formed in 1891 which merged anti-Home Rule Unionists into one political movement. Its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster, and in essence formed the Irish wing of the party until 1922. The Conservatives served with the Liberals in an all-party coalition government during World War I, keohane finds that the Conservatives were bitterly divided before 1914, especially on the issue of Irish Unionism and the experience of three consecutive election losses
5.
Liberal Democrats (UK)
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The Liberal Democrats are a liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party was formed in 1988 as a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party, at the 2015 general election, the party was reduced to eight MPs. Nick Clegg resigned as leader and Tim Farron won the subsequent leadership election, the party currently has nine MPs, following the Richmond Park by-election. The Alliance was led by David Steel and Roy Jenkins, Jenkins was replaced by David Owen, the two parties had their own policies and emphases, but produced a joint manifesto for the 1983 and 1987 general elections. Following disappointing results in the 1987 election, Steel proposed to merge the two parties, although opposed by Owen, it was supported by a majority of members of both parties, and they formally merged in March 1988, with Steel and Robert Maclennan as joint interim leaders. The new party was initially named Social and Liberal Democrats with the short form The Democrats being used from September 1988. The name was changed to Liberal Democrats in October 1989. The new party logo, the Bird of Liberty, was adopted in 1989, the party is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and Liberal International. The then-serving Liberal MP Paddy Ashdown was elected leader in July 1988, at the 1989 European Elections, the party received only 6% of the vote, putting them in fourth place after the Green Party. They failed to gain a single Member of the European Parliament at this election, over the next three years, the party recovered under Ashdowns leadership. They performed better at the 1990 local elections and in by-elections—including at Eastbourne in 1990, Ribble Valley in 1991, the Lib Dems did not reach the share of national votes in the 1990s that the Alliance had achieved in the 1980s. At their first election in 1992, they won 17. 8% of the vote, in the 1994 European Elections, the party gained its first two Members of European Parliament. The election was, however, something of a point for the Liberal Democrats. Ashdown retired as leader in 1999 and the party elected Charles Kennedy as his replacement, the party improved on their 1997 results at the 2001 general election, increasing their number of seats to 52 and their share of the vote to 18. 3%. The party won seats from Labour in by-elections in Brent East in 2003 and Leicester South in 2004, under Kennedys leadership the majority of Pro-Euro Conservatives, a group of former members of the Conservatives, joined the Liberal Democrats on 10 December 2001. At the 2005 general election, the Lib Dems gained their highest share of the vote since the SDP–Liberal Alliance and won 62 seats. Many had anticipated that this election would be the Lib Dems breakthrough at Westminster, party activists hoped to better the 25% support of the 1983 election, or to reach 100 MPs. Much of the apparent lack of success resulted from the first-past-the-post electoral system, controversy became associated with the campaign when it became known that Michael Brown had donated £2.4 million to the Liberal Democrats
6.
Plurality voting
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The plurality voting system is a system in which each voter is allowed to vote for only one candidate, and the candidate who polls the most among their counterparts is elected. In a system based on single-member districts, it may be called first-past-the-post, single-choice voting, in a system based on multi-member districts, it may be referred to as winner-takes-all or bloc voting. The system is used to elect members of a legislative assembly or executive officers. It is the most common form of the system, and is used in Canada, the house in India, the United Kingdom. Plural voting is distinguished from a majority voting system, in which, to win, more votes than all other candidates combined. In some countries such as France a two-ballot or runoff election plurality system is used and this may require two rounds of voting. If on the first round no candidate receives over 50% of the votes, then a second round takes place and this ensures that the winner gains a majority of votes in the second round. Alternatively, all candidates above a threshold in the first round may compete in the second round. If there are more than two standing, then a plurality vote may decide the result. In political science, the use of the plurality voting system with multiple and this combination is also variously referred to as winner-takes-all to contrast it with proportional representation systems. This term is also used to refer to elections for multiple winners in a particular constituency using bloc voting. Plurality voting is particularly prevalent in the United Kingdom and former British colonies, including the United States, Canada and this makes the plurality voting system among the simplest of all voting systems for voters and vote counting officials. Under the plurality system, the winner of the election becomes the representative of the entire electoral district. In an election for a seat, such as for president in a presidential system, the same style of ballot is used. In the two-round voting system, usually the two highest polling candidates in the first ballot progress to the second round Run-off ballot, in a multiple member plurality election, with n seats available, the winners are the n candidates with the highest numbers of votes. The rules may allow the voter to vote for one candidate, or for up to n candidates, generally plurality ballots can be categorized into two forms. The simplest form is a ballot where the name of a candidate is written in by hand. A more structured ballot will list all the candidates and allow a mark to be next to the name of a single candidate
7.
Morden
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Morden is a district in the London Borough of Merton. It is located approximately 8 miles South-southwest of central London between Merton Park and Wimbledon, Mitcham, Sutton and Worcester Park, Morden had a population of 48,233 in 2011. Morden might get its name either from the British language words Mawr and Dun, small Roman artifacts, mainly coins and pottery, have been found at various locations within the area although there is no evidence of any settlement. In 1086, the Domesday Book recorded the manor as Mordone and it was held by Westminster Abbey and its assets were,3 hides,1 mill worth £2 and 7 ploughs. Fourteen people were recorded as living in the area, the manor and village remained abbey property until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in Henry VIIIs reign when the manor was sold to Lionel Ducket and Edward Whitchurch. Together, they sold it on the year to Sir Richard Garth who became Lord of the Manor. The Garth family owned the land and maintained their connection with the parish for the four centuries. The prominence of the Garth family is recorded locally in the name of Garth Road, Lower Morden, the two lions included in the present civic arms of the London Borough of Merton are adopted from the arms of Sir Richard. While the population of Wimbledon grew hugely from 1,591 in 1801 to 41,652 in 1901, the population of Morden was 512 in 1801 and, one hundred years later, had grown to just 960. In 1871, the area of the parish of Morden was 1,474.926 acres with the village clustered around St Lawrence’s church at the top of the hill on the road from London to Epsom. Approximately half a mile to the west of the main village, close to the church were the George Inn, a 17th-century coaching inn, the estate of Morden Park and a school. The other main public house in the village was the Crown Inn, the rest of what is now the commercial centre of Morden was fields. By 1898, the works had gone and there was a brickworks on the site of Mostyn Gardens in Martin Way. Under the Local Government Act,1894, the parish of Morden formed part of the Croydon Rural District of Surrey, Morden was merged with the Merton Urban District, in 1913, to form the Merton and Morden Urban District. Away from the new centre of Morden, the existing rural roads were widened and rebuilt. Further transport improvements came with the construction of a new Southern Railway branch line from Wimbledon to Sutton via stations at South Merton, the new line opened in January 1930. As a result of the new links, the population of Morden increased rapidly from 1,355 in 1921 to 12,618 in 1931. In the next fifteen years, the continued to grow
8.
Greater London
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London, or Greater London, is a region of England which forms the administrative boundaries of London. It is organised into 33 local government districts, the 32 London boroughs, the Greater London Authority, based in Southwark, is responsible for strategic local government across the region and consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The county of Greater London was created on 1 April 1965 through the London Government Act 1963, administratively, Greater London was first established as a sui generis council area under the Greater London Council between 1963 and 1986. The area was re-established as a region in 1994, and the Greater London Authority formed in 2000, the region covers 1,572 km2 and had a population of 8,174,000 at the 2011 census. In 2012, it had the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom at £37,232, the Greater London Built-up Area—used in some national statistics—is a measure of the continuous urban area of London, and therefore includes areas outside of the administrative region. The term Greater London has been and still is used to different areas in governance, statistics, history. In terms of ceremonial counties, London is divided into the small City of London, outside the limited boundaries of the City, a variety of arrangements has governed the wider area since 1855, culminating in the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965. The Greater London Arterial Road Programme was devised between 1913 and 1916, one of the larger early forms was the Greater London Planning Region, devised in 1927, which occupied 1,856 square miles and included 9 million people. The LCC pressed for an alteration in its boundaries soon after the end of the First World War, noting that within the Metropolitan, a Royal Commission on London Government was set up to consider the issue. The LCC proposed a vast new area for Greater London, with a boundary somewhere between the Metropolitan Police District and the home counties, protests were made at the possibility of including Windsor, Slough and Eton in the authority. The Commission made its report in 1923, rejecting the LCCs scheme, two minority reports favoured change beyond the amalgamation of smaller urban districts, including both smaller borough councils and a central authority for strategic functions. The London Traffic Act 1924 was a result of the Commission, Greater London originally had a two-tier system of local government, with the Greater London Council sharing power with the City of London Corporation and the 32 London Borough councils. The GLC was abolished in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its functions were devolved to the City Corporation and the London Boroughs, with some functions transferred to central government and joint boards. Greater London was used to form the London region of England in 1994, a referendum held in 1998 established a public will to recreate an upper tier of government to cover the region. The Greater London Authority, London Assembly and the directly elected Mayor of London were created in 2000 by the Greater London Authority Act 1999, in 2000, the outer boundary of the Metropolitan Police District was re-aligned to the Greater London boundary. The 2000 and 2004 mayoral elections were won by Ken Livingstone, the 2008 and 2012 elections were won by Boris Johnson. The 2016 election was won by Sadiq Khan, Greater London continues to include the most closely associated parts of the Greater London Urban Area and their historic buffers. Thus it includes, in five boroughs, significant parts of the Metropolitan Green Belt which protects designated greenfield land in a way to the citys parks
9.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
10.
London Government Act 1963
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The Act significantly reduced the number of local government districts in the area, resulting in local authorities responsible for larger areas and populations. The upper tier of government was reformed to cover the whole of the Greater London area and with a more strategic role. The Act classified the boroughs into inner and outer London groups, the City of London and its corporation were essentially unreformed by the legislation. Subsequent amendments to the Act have significantly amended the upper tier arrangements, with the Greater London Council abolished in 1986, and the Greater London Authority introduced in 2000. As of 2016, the London boroughs are more or less identical to those created in 1965, although with some enhanced powers over services such as waste management and education. The Act set up a local government system, with powers divided between the newly formed Greater London Council,32 new London borough councils and the existing City of London. The provisions of the Act came into effect on 1 April 1965, twelve of the boroughs, corresponding to the former County of London, were designated Inner London boroughs. The remaining twenty boroughs were designated Outer London boroughs, none of the boroughs were given names in the Act. Section 2 declared that the area comprising the areas of the London boroughs, the City, an elected Greater London Council was to govern the new area. No part of Greater London was to part of any administrative county, county district or parish. Three Middlesex urban districts not included in Greater London were transferred to other counties, Potters Bar to Hertfordshire, the Act also established the Inner London Education Authority to administer schools and colleges in the 12 inner London boroughs. The remaining 20 outer boroughs became local education authorities in their own right, the London Traffic Area and the London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee, set up in 1924, were abolished, with the GLC gaining powers to regulate road traffic. An alteration was made to the Metropolitan Police District to include the whole of Greater London. The composition of the London boroughs was given in Schedule 1 of the Act, The metropolitan boroughs of Westminster, Paddington, the metropolitan boroughs of Hampstead, Holborn and St Pancras. The metropolitan boroughs of Finsbury and Islington, the metropolitan boroughs of Hackney, Shoreditch and Stoke Newington. The metropolitan boroughs of Bethnal Green, Poplar and Stepney, the metropolitan borough of Greenwich and so much of the metropolitan borough of Woolwich as lay south of the centre of the navigable channel of the River Thames at low water. The metropolitan boroughs of Deptford and Lewisham, the metropolitan boroughs of Bermondsey, Camberwell and Southwark. The metropolitan borough of Battersea and the remainder of the borough of Wandsworth not included in borough 9
11.
Greater London Council
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The Greater London Council was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council which had covered a smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs, a new administrative body, known as the Greater London Authority, was established in 2000. It further recommended that the LCC be replaced by a strategic authority, with responsibility for public transport, road schemes, housing development. Most of the Commission’s recommendations were accepted, but the number of new boroughs was reduced to 32, other areas recommended for inclusion that were never part of Greater London included Epsom and Ewell, Caterham and Warlingham, Esher, and Weybridge. GLC councillors elected for areas within the former County of London became ex officio members of the new Inner London Education Authority, the GLC was responsible for running strategic services such as the fire service, emergency planning, waste disposal and flood prevention. The GLC shared responsibility with the London boroughs for providing roads, housing, city planning and it had a very limited role in direct service provision with most functions the responsibility of the London boroughs. The GLC did not take control of transport from the London Transport Board until 1970. Under the 1963 Act, the GLC was required to produce a Greater London Development Plan, the plan included the comprehensive redevelopment of Covent Garden and creating a central London motorway loop. The plan was subject to an Inquiry which lasted from July 1970 until May 1972, the campaign to save Covent Garden along with various opposition on other matters largely derailed the plan. Each of the six GLC elections was won by the national opposition party. The first GLC election was on 9 April 1964, each of the new boroughs elected a number of representatives under the bloc vote system. Despite Conservative hopes, the first GLC consisted of 64 Labour and 36 Conservative councillors, at the next election in 1967 the unpopularity of the national Labour government produced a massive Conservative victory with 82 seats, to Labours 18. Desmond Plummer became the first Conservative leader of London-wide government in 33 years, the Conservatives retained control in 1970 with a reduced majority. In 1972 the electoral system was reformed to introduce single-member constituencies for the election after the 1973 contest, Labour fought the 1973 election on a strongly socialist platform and won with 57 seats to 33 for the Conservatives. The GLCs hopes under the Labour administration of Reg Goodwin were badly affected by the oil crisis of 1974, massive inflation which when combined with the GLCs £1.6 billion debt led to heavy rate increases and unpopular budget cuts. Some months before the 1977 elections the Labour Group began to split, a left group, including Ken Livingstone, denounced the election manifesto of the party. The Conservatives regained control in May 1977, winning 64 seats under their new Thatcherite leader Horace Cutler against a Labour total of just 28, Cutler headed a resolutely right-wing administration, cutting spending, selling council housing and deprioritising London Transport
12.
Waste disposal authorities in London
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Greater London has a number of waste disposal authorities, responsible for waste collection and disposal. Prior to the abolition of the Greater London Council in 1986, there are four statutory joint waste authorities, as follows, The joint authorities are made up of councillors nominated from the borough councils. They are funded by a levy on the local authorities, the four boroughs of Croydon, Kingston, Merton and Sutton work together in a voluntary capacity as the South London Waste Partnership. The ODPM proposed in 2006, as part of other transfers of powers to the Greater London Authority and this has faced significant opposition from existing authorities. However, it has had significant support from all other sectors, mucking Marshes Landfill East London Waste Authority Western Riverside Waste Authority North London Waste Authority West London Waste Authority
13.
Merton London Borough Council elections
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Merton London Borough Council in London, England is elected every four years. Since the last boundary changes in 2002,60 councillors have been elected from 20 wards, the by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr, the by-election was called following the death of Cllr. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr, the by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr, the by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr, the by-election was called following the death of Cllr. The by-election was triggered by the death of Councillor Maxi Martin of the Labour Party
14.
Mitcham and Morden (UK Parliament constituency)
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Mitcham and Morden is a constituency in Greater London represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Siobhain McDonagh of the Labour Party. The constituency was created in 1974 from the seats of Mitcham. Between 1974 and 1982 it was represented by Bruce Douglas-Mann who was elected as a Labour MP, Douglas-Mann was the sole SDP defector to resign his seat, he sought immediate re-election. In the by-election Douglas-Mann triggered in May 1982, during the Falklands War, rumbolds gain was the last time the Conservative Party would gain at a by-election until 22 May 2008 when Edward Timpson won the Crewe and Nantwich by-election,2008. At the 1997 General Election the seat was won by the Labour Partys Siobhain McDonagh, at the 2001,2005 and 2010 General Elections, she was re-elected, in the latter election polling the 26th highest share of the vote for the party of the 631 seats contested. The 2015 re-election of McDonagh made the seat the 41st safest of Labours 232 seats by percentage of majority, the seat is one of the capitals two seats in which its majority in 2015 surpassed the Labour Partys landslide 1997 victory. 1974-1983, The London Borough of Merton wards Mitcham Central, Mitcham East, Mitcham North, Mitcham South, Mitcham West, Morden, in the south-west of the constituency is the most affluent part, Lower Morden. The name Mitcham and Morden is a partial misnomer — the area of the town centre around Morden tube station is in the Wimbledon constituency. In the 20th century, Mitcham became surrounded by modern council housing, across the borough, around 40% of the population are ethnic minorities. List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater London Notes References
15.
Wimbledon (UK Parliament constituency)
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Wimbledon is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Stephen Hammond, a Conservative. The constituency was created under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 from the part of the former Mid Surrey constituency that elected two MPs. The constituency covered a larger area than it does today and was reduced in 1918 to create the Mitcham constituency and in 1950 to create Merton. Since 1885 the seat has elected Conservative MPs, except for 1945-1950 and 1997-2005, while the 2005 majority was marginal, the 2010 majority was 24. 1% of the vote, which in majority terms only suggests a safe seat. In terms of other parties, in 2010 the second-placed candidate was a Liberal Democrat, if including their two predecessor parties this result was their highest share of the vote since 1987, at 25%. Apart from the three main parties none others have to date reached the 5% of the threshold, which is the current retention of deposit threshold. Henry Chaplin was sworn of the Privy Council in 1885 when he was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster until 1886 and he became the first President of the Board of Agriculture as part of the Cabinet. In the Conservative cabinet of 1895 to 1900 he was President of the Local Government Board and was responsible for the Agricultural Rates Act 1896. For eight years previous Sir Michael was Attorney General for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 1918-1950, The Municipal Borough of Wimbledon, and the Urban District of Merton and Morden. 1950-1955, The Municipal Boroughs of Wimbledon, and Malden and Coombe, 1955-1974, The Municipal Borough of Wimbledon. 1974-1983, The London Borough of Merton wards of Cannon Hill, Priory, West Barnes, Wimbledon East, Wimbledon North, Wimbledon South, and Wimbledon West. 1983-2010, The London Borough of Merton wards of Abbey, Cannon Hill, Dundonald, Durnsford, Hillside, Merton Park, Raynes Park, Trinity, Village, and West Barnes. 2010-present, The London Borough of Merton wards of Abbey, Cannon Hill, Dundonald, Hillside, Merton Park, Raynes Park, Trinity, Village, West Barnes, and Wimbledon Park. The hillside and hilltop village has since 1921 been unpromising territory in local council results for any party other than the Conservatives. Wimbledon station is the terminus of the District line as well as a station on the South West main line. List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater London Notes References Further reading Iain Dale, the Times House of Commons 1929,1931,1935. The Times House of Commons 1945, the Times House of Commons 1950. The Times House of Commons 1955
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Stephen Hammond
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For the 19th-century New York politician, see Stephen H. Hammond. Stephen William Hammond is a British Conservative Party politician and former UK Government Minister, Hammond was first elected as the Member of Parliament for Wimbledon at the 2005 general election. On 4 September 2012, he was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Transport, with responsibility for buses, rail and he lost his ministerial post in the reshuffle on 15 July 2014 and was succeeeded by Claire Perry. Hammond was born in Southampton, and educated at the citys King Edward VI School before reading Economics at Queen Mary, after graduating with a BSc degree, he began a career in finance at a leading fund management house and subsequently worked for major investment banks. Hammond was appointed a Director of the Equities division of Dresdner Kleinwort Benson in 1994, in 2000 he was promoted to Director, Pan European Research, with responsibility for seventy professionals based in London and across Europe. He first stood for Parliament for North Warwickshire at the 1997 general election and he was elected a Councillor for the Ward of Village, Wimbledon in the London Borough of Merton election in 2002 and subsequently became Deputy Leader of the Conservative Group on Merton Council. Hammond was the parliamentary candidate for Wimbledon at the 2005 general election. He was soon promoted to the Opposition front bench, in December 2005, on 6 May 2010, Hammond was returned to Parliament as MP for Wimbledon. With 23,257 votes, he won 49% of all votes cast and increased his majority to 11,408, turnout in Wimbledon was 73%, up from 68% in 2005. Following that election, Hammond became PPS to Eric Pickles, Secretary of State for Communities, on 4 September 2012, he was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Transport. He was dropped from that post when David Cameron reshuffled the Cabinet in July 2014, Hammond was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 referendum. He subsequently apologised for the oversight in not registering the financial interest but was cleared of any wrongdoing, Hammond has been married to Sally since 1991, she has, for many years, worked as a secretary to Members of Parliament based at the House of Commons. The couple live at Wimbledon Park, with their daughter, Hammond, a keen sportsman, used to play hockey for a National League team and for his county. He now plays veterans hockey for Wimbledon, at this time, the deleted information concerned his frequent use of chauffeur-driven cars while in government
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Motspur Park
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Motspur Park, also known locally as West Barnes, is a suburb in south-west London. It is located just south-east of New Malden, between the boroughs of Kingston upon Thames and Merton, Motspur Park owes its identity to the railway station of the same name, which has six trains an hour to London Waterloo, and to the adjacent parade of small shops. Two prominent gas holders, which are used to store the consumer gas supply for south-west London, stand just south of the shopping parade, Two of London’s minor natural water courses run through the area. The Beverley Brook runs south to north through its centre and its tributary the Pyl Brook runs parallel further to the east. These have in the past given rise to local flooding. The Motspur Park athletics stadium was built by the University of London in 1928 and it was sold to Fulham Football Club as their training ground in 1999. The name comes from Motspur Farm which was located in the area between the road called Motspur Park and Chilmark Gardens. The 1865 OS map shows the name as Mospur. The district was known as West Barnes and formed part of the traditional county of Surrey. It was rural right up to the end of the century when the railway station was built. Two local lanes, West Barnes Lane and Blakes Lane, represent remnants from this rural era, the barns referred to were those at the western end of Merton Abbeys estates and were just north of West Barnes Lanes junction with the modern Crossway. After the dissolution of the monasteries the land was granted to the Gresham family. They retained the estate for two generations, finally selling it to John Carpenter, a local farmer, the area, remained agricultural and was farmed by a number of families, probably the most well known being the Raynes who gave their name to Raynes Park. In the nineteenth century two local landowners were Charles Blake, the owner of Blue House Farm and Richard Garth Lord of the Manor of Morden, both were lawyers and Garth eventually became a judge. They joined forces to seek to procure a Parliamentary bill for a line to run across their properties. The railway itself was constructed through the locality in 1859 by the London and South Western Railway, large mansions and farms are the only habitation shown on the 1871 map of the district with no station or residential districts. The area east of the railway was part of Hobbalds Farm which was owned by Garth, the oakwood alongside the railway was planted around this time to screen it and remains today. The land was sold and then leased to J. J, bishop the founder of the Bishops Move removal company around 1873
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Local government in London
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Local government in London takes place in two tiers, a citywide, strategic tier and a local tier. Citywide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority, while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities, the Greater London Authority consists of two elected parts. They are the Mayor of London, who has powers, and the London Assembly. The GLA is responsible for planning, policing, the fire service, most aspects of transport. It is a recent organisation, having set up in 2000 to replace the similar Greater London Council which had been abolished in 1986. The headquarters of the GLA and the Mayor of London is at City Hall, the current Mayor of London is Sadiq Khan who was elected in 2016, replacing Boris Johnson, who served two terms. The 33 local authorities are the 32 London borough councils and the City of London Corporation and they are responsible for local services not overseen by the GLA, such as local planning, schools, social services, local roads and refuse collection. The head of the Corporation is the Lord Mayor of the City of London, the City of London also has its own police force, The City of London Police, which is independent of the Metropolitan Police Service which covers the rest of Greater London. Within the City of London are two liberties, the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, which are local authorities for most purposes to the present day
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Regions of England
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The regions are the highest tier of sub-national division in England. Between 1994 and 2011, nine regions had officially devolved functions within Government, while they no longer fulfil this role, they continue to be used for statistical and some administrative purposes. They define areas for the purposes of elections to the European Parliament, Eurostat also uses them to demarcate first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics regions within the European Union. The regions generally follow the boundaries of the former standard regions, the London region has a directly elected Mayor and Assembly. Six regions have local authority leaders boards to assist with correlating the headline policies of local authorities, the remaining two regions no longer have any administrative functions, having abolished their regional local authority leaders boards. In 1998, regional chambers were established in the eight regions outside of London, the regions also had an associated Government Office with some responsibility for coordinating policy, and, from 2007, a part-time regional minister within the Government. House of Commons regional Select Committees were established in 2009, Regional ministers were not reappointed by the incoming Coalition Government, and the Government Offices were abolished in 2011. Regional development agencies were public bodies established in all nine regions in 1998 to promote economic development and they had certain delegated functions, including administering European Union regional development funds, and received funding the central government as well. After about 500 AD, England comprised seven Anglo-Saxon territories – Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, the boundaries of some of these, which later unified as the Kingdom of England, roughly coincide with those of modern regions. During Oliver Cromwells Protectorate in the 1650s, the rule of the Major-Generals created 10 regions in England, proposals for administrative regions within England were mooted by the British government prior to the First World War. In 1912 the Third Home Rule Bill was passing through parliament, the Bill was expected to introduce a devolved parliament for Ireland, and as a consequence calls were made for similar structures to be introduced in Great Britain or Home Rule All Round. On 12 September the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, within England, he suggested that London, Lancashire, Yorkshire, and the Midlands would make natural regions. While the creation of regional parliaments never became official policy, it was for a widely anticipated. In 1946 nine standard regions were set up, in central government bodies, statutory undertakings. However, these had declined in importance by the late 1950s, creation of some form of provinces or regions for England was an intermittent theme of post-Second World War British governments. The Redcliffe-Maud Report proposed the creation of eight provinces in England, one-fifth of the advisory councils would be nominees from central government. The boundaries suggested were the eight now existing for economic planning purposes, a minority report by Lord Crowther-Hunt and Alan T. Peacock suggested instead seven regional assemblies and governments within Great Britain, some elements of regional development and economic planning began to be established in England from the mid-1960s onwards
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Greater London Authority
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The Greater London Authority is a top-tier administrative body for Greater London, England. It consists of an elected executive Mayor of London, currently Sadiq Khan. The authority was established in 2000, following a referendum, and derives most of its powers from the Greater London Authority Act 1999. It is a regional authority, with powers over transport, policing, economic development. Three functional bodies — Transport for London, the Mayors Office for Policing and Crime, the planning policies of the Mayor of London are detailed in a statutory London Plan that is regularly updated and published. The Greater London Authority is mostly funded by government grant and it is also a precepting authority. The GLA is unique in the British local government system, in terms of structure, elections, the GLA is responsible for the strategic administration of the 1579 km² of Greater London. It shares local government powers with the councils of 32 London boroughs and it was created to improve the co-ordination between the local authorities in Greater London, and the Mayor of Londons role is to give London a single person to represent it. The Mayor proposes policy and the GLAs budget, and makes appointments to the capitals strategic executive such as Transport for London, the primary purpose of the London Assembly is to hold the Mayor of London to account by scrutiny of his or her actions and decisions. The assembly must also accept or amend the Mayors budget on an annual basis, the GLA is based at City Hall, a new building on the south bank of the River Thames, next to Tower Bridge. The GLA is different from the Corporation of the City of London with its largely ceremonial Lord Mayors, in 1986, the Greater London Council was abolished by the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher. On abolition, the functions of the GLC were transferred to bodies controlled by central government or joint boards nominated by the London Borough councils. Some of the service functions were transferred down to the councils themselves. For the next 14 years there was no single elected body for the whole of London, the Labour Party never supported the abolition of the GLC and made it a policy to re-establish some form of citywide elected authority. After the Labour party won the 1997 general election, the policy was outlined in a White paper entitled A Mayor and Assembly for London. Simultaneously with the elections to the London Borough councils, a referendum was held on the establishment of the GLA in May 1998, the Greater London Authority Act 1999 passed through Parliament, receiving the Royal Assent in October 1999. In a controversial campaign, the then Prime Minister, Tony Blair, attempted to block Livingstones nomination. In reaction, Livingstone stood as an independent candidate, resulting in his expulsion from the Labour Party, following an interim period in which the Mayor and Assembly had been elected but had no powers, the GLA was formally established on 3 July 2000
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City of London
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The City of London is a city and county within London. It constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages, the City is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London, though it remains a notable part of central London. Administratively, it one of the 33 local authority districts of Greater London, however, the City of London is not a London borough. The City of London is widely referred to simply as the City and is colloquially known as the Square Mile. Both of these terms are often used as metonyms for the United Kingdoms trading and financial services industries. The name London is now used for a far wider area than just the City. London most often denotes the sprawling London metropolis, or the 32 London boroughs and this wider usage of London is documented as far back as 1888, when the County of London was created. The local authority for the City, namely the City of London Corporation, is unique in the UK and has some unusual responsibilities for a local council and it is also unusual in having responsibilities and ownerships beyond its boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, the current Lord Mayor, as of November 2016, is Andrew Parmley. The City is a business and financial centre. Throughout the 19th century, the City was the primary business centre. London came top in the Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index, published in 2008, the insurance industry is focused around the eastern side of the City, around Lloyds building. A secondary financial district exists outside of the City, at Canary Wharf,2.5 miles to the east, the City has a resident population of about 7,000 but over 300,000 people commute to and work there, mainly in the financial services sector. It used to be held that Londinium was first established by merchants as a trading port on the tidal Thames in around 47 AD. However, this date is only supposition, many historians now believe London was founded some time before the Roman conquest of Britain in 43 AD. They base this notion on evidence provided by both archaeology and Welsh literary legend, archaeologists have claimed that as much as half of the best British Iron Age art and metalwork discovered in Britain has been found in the London area. One of the most prominent examples is the famously horned Waterloo Helmet dredged from the Thames in the early 1860s and now exhibited at the British Museum. Also, according to an ancient Welsh legend, a king named Lud son of Heli substantially enlarged and improved a pre-existing settlement at London which afterwards came to be renamed after him, the same tradition relates how this Lud son of Heli was later buried at Ludgate
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City of London Corporation
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In 2006 the name was changed from Corporation of London to avoid confusion with the wider London local government, the Greater London Authority. The Corporation is probably the worlds oldest continuously-elected local government authority, the corporations structure includes the Lord Mayor, the Court of Aldermen, the Court of Common Council, and the Freemen and Livery of the City. In Anglo-Saxon times, consultation between the Citys rulers and its citizens took place at the Folkmoot, administration and judicial processes were conducted at the Court of Husting and the non-legal part of the courts work evolved into the Court of Aldermen. Numerous subsequent Royal Charters over the centuries confirmed and extended the citizens rights, around 1189, the City gained the right to have its own mayor, later being advanced to the degree and style of Lord Mayor of London. The individual commissioners were nominated by the Corporation, but it was a separate body. Local government legislation often makes special provision for the City to be treated as a London borough, the Chief Executive of the administrative side of the Corporation holds the ancient office of Town Clerk of London. The Chamberlain, the City Treasurer and Finance Officer, the City Remembrancer, who is responsible for protocol, ceremonial, security issues as well as legislative matters that may affect the Corporation and is legally qualified. The Comptroller and City Solicitor, legal officer. e, former Lord Mayors, and the junior Aldermen. The Common Serjeant, the senior judge at the Central Criminal Court Old Bailey. C) The Ward Beadles, responsible to a specific Ward from which they are elected, largely ceremonial support to their respective Aldermen, and also perform a formal role at Ward Motes. In 1801, the City had a population of about 130,000 and it has risen slightly to around 9,000 since, largely due to the development of the Barbican Estate. As it has not been affected by other municipal legislation over the period of time since then, therefore, the non-residential vote, abolished in the rest of the country in 1969, became an increasingly large part of the electorate. The non-residential vote system used disfavoured incorporated companies, the City of London Act 2002 greatly increased the business franchise, allowing many more businesses to be represented. In 2009, the vote was about 24,000. Each body or organisation, whether unincorporated or incorporated, whose premises are within the City of London may appoint a number of based on the number of workers it employs. Limited liability partnerships fall into this category, though workers count as part of a workforce regardless of nationality, only certain individuals may be appointed as voters. The City of London is divided into twenty-five Wards, each of which is a division, electing one Alderman. The numbers below reflect the changes caused by the City of London Act, there are over one hundred livery companies in London
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Inner Temple
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The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales and it is located in the wider Temple area of the capital, near the Royal Courts of Justice, and within the City of London. The Inn is a body that provides legal training, selection. It is ruled by a council called Parliament, made up of the Masters of the Bench, and led by the Treasurer. The Temple takes its name from the Knights Templar, who leased the land to the Temples inhabitants until their abolition in 1312. The Inner Temple was a society from at least 1388. After a disruptive early period it flourished, becoming the second largest Inn during the Elizabethan period, the Inner Temple expanded during the reigns of James I and Charles I, with 1,700 students admitted between 1600 and 1640. The First English Civil Wars outbreak led to a suspension of legal education. Following the English Restoration the Inner Templars welcomed Charles II back to London personally with a lavish banquet. After a period of decline in the 18th century, the following 100 years saw a restoration of the Temples fortunes, with buildings constructed or restored, such as the Hall. Much of this work was destroyed during The Blitz, when the Hall, Temple, Temple Church, rebuilding was completed in 1959, and today the Temple is a flourishing and active Inn of Court, with over 8,000 members. The Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court, along with Grays Inn, Lincolns Inn, and the Middle Temple. The Inns are responsible for training, regulating, and selecting barristers within England and Wales, the Temple is an independent, unincorporated organisation, and works as a trust. It has approximately 8,000 members and around 450 apply to join per year, the original Temple covered much of what is now the northern part of Chancery Lane, which the Knights created to provide access to their new buildings. The old Temple eventually became the London palace of the Bishop of Lincoln, after the Reformation it became the home of the Earl of Southampton, and the location is now named Southampton Buildings. The first group of lawyers came to live here during the 13th century, the Knights fell out of favour, and the order was dissolved in 1312, with the land seized by the king and granted to the Knights Hospitaller. The Hospitallers probably did not live on the property, but rather used it as a source of revenue through rent, during the 12th and 13th centuries, the law was taught in the City of London, primarily by the clergy. As a result, the system of education fell apart
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Middle Temple
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It is located in the wider Temple area of London, near the Royal Courts of Justice, and within the City of London. In the 13th century, the Inns of Court originated as hostels and schools for student lawyers, the Middle Temple is the western part of The Temple, the headquarters of the Knights Templar until they were dissolved in 1312. The Temple Church still stands as a church of the Inner. Most of the Inn is occupied by offices, known as chambers. One of the Middle Temples main functions now is to provide education, Middle Temple Hall is at the heart of the Inn, and the Inns student members are required to attend a minimum of 12 qualifying sessions there. Qualifying sessions, formerly known as dinners, combine collegiate and educational elements and will combine an dinner or reception with lectures, debates, mooting. Middle Temple Hall is also a venue for banqueting, weddings, receptions. In recent years, it has become a much-used film location—the cobbled streets, historic buildings, william Shakespeares Twelfth Night received its first recorded performance here, at the feast Candlemas in 1602. Middle Temple Library possesses Emery Molyneuxs terrestrial and celestial globes, which are of particular historical cartographical value, Middle Temple is also one of the few remaining liberties, an old name for a geographic division. It is an independent extra-parochial area, historically not governed by the City of London Corporation, the Middle Temples functions as a local council are set out in the Temples Order 1971. It geographically falls within the boundaries and liberties of the City, some of the Inns buildings lie just outside the liberty of the Middle Temple and the Citys boundary, and are actually situated in the City of Westminster. Quadrant House was acquired by the Middle Temple in 1999 and after five years of conversion is now a barristers chambers and this lies outside the liberty but is within the City of London. List of members of Middle Temple Outer Temple Pump Court Middle Temple website
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Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council
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Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, Barking and Dagenham is divided into 17 wards, each electing three councillors. At the May 2014 election, the Labour Party won all 51 seats, the council was created by the London Government Act 1963 as the Barking London Borough Council and replaced two local authorities, Barking Borough Council and Dagenham Borough Council. The council was renamed on 1 January 1980, the next election to the authority will be in 2018. There have previously been a number of authorities responsible for the Barking. The current local authority was first elected in 1964, a year before coming into its powers. Barking replaced Barking Borough Council and Dagenham Borough Council, as Barking had urbanised first, it was governed by a local board of health from 1882, which became an urban district council in 1894. The parish of Dagenham was under administration until 1926, governed by Dagenham Parish Council. It was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Barking as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council, as an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965. The local authority derives its powers and functions from the London Government Act 1963, Barking and Dagenham has the powers and functions of a London borough council. It is an authority collecting Council Tax and business rates, it processes local planning applications, it is responsible for housing, waste collection. It is an education authority, responsible for social services, libraries. The council shares responsibility with the Greater London Authority for strategic policies including housing, planning, the planning function for large developments is exercised by the London Thames Gateway Development Corporation in the London Riverside designated area that is within the borough. The council has been controlled by the Labour Party since it was first elected in 1964
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Barnet London Borough Council
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Barnet London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Barnet in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 within London, Barnet is divided into 21 wards, each electing three councillors. The next election to the authority will be in 2018, there have previously been a number of local authorities responsible for the Barnet area. The current local authority was first elected in 1964, a year before coming into its powers. Barnet replaced Barnet Urban District Council, East Barnet Urban District Council, Friern Barnet Urban District Council, Finchley Borough Council and it was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Barnet as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council. As an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965 and this arrangement lasted until 1986 when Barnet London Borough Council gained responsibility for some services that had been provided by the Greater London Council, such as waste disposal. The local authority derives its powers and functions from the London Government Act 1963, Barnet has the powers and functions of a London borough council. It is an authority collecting Council Tax and business rates, it processes local planning applications, it is responsible for housing, waste collection. It is an education authority, responsible for social services, libraries. The council shares responsibility with the Greater London Authority for strategic policies including housing, planning, in 2012 Barnet outsourced many functions to Capita under the controversial One Barnet programme. Electrical items larger than 51 cm x 52 cm can be recycled at the Civic Amenity and Recycling Centre, Summers Lane, North Finchley and they collect over 40 different household materials for recycling at the centre and recycle around 68 per cent of it
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Bexley London Borough Council
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Bexley London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Bexley in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, since May 2014 the council comprises 45 Conservative Party,15 Labour Party and 3 Ukip members. It was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Bexley as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council, as an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965. This arrangement lasted until 1986 when Bexley London Borough Council gained responsibility for services that had been provided by the Greater London Council. The local authority derives its powers and functions from the London Government Act 1963, Bexley has the powers and functions of a London borough council. It is an authority collecting Council Tax and business rates, it processes local planning applications, it is responsible for housing, waste collection. It is an education authority, responsible for social services, libraries. The council shares responsibility with the Greater London Authority for strategic policies including housing, planning, since the first election to the council in 1964 political control of the council has been held by the following parties, London Borough of Bexley website
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Brent London Borough Council
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Brent London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Brent in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, Brent is widely know as the most diverse borough in London and one of the most diverse boroughs in the UK as a whole. Groups such as Kensal Green Streets, Harlesden Environmental Action Residents, Northwest TWO, in June 2016, a short, community-based documentary called ‘Stories of Brent’ was produced, based on the campaign, starring Audley Harrison, Rachel Yankey and Liz Mitchell from Boney M. It was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Brent as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council, as an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965. This arrangement lasted until 1986 when Brent London Borough Council gained responsibility for services that had been provided by the Greater London Council. The local authority derives its powers and functions from the London Government Act 1963, Brent has the powers and functions of a London borough council. It is an authority collecting Council Tax and business rates, it processes local planning applications, it is responsible for housing, waste collection. It is an education authority, responsible for social services, libraries. The council shares responsibility with the Greater London Authority for strategic policies including housing, planning, in 2001, Brent launched its twenty year Regeneration Strategy. With an ambitious vision to raise the quality of life for Brent residents, since then, Wembley Stadium has become an iconic national landmark and is well established as a world class venue. Wembley is one of the largest regeneration projects in the country, according to the Mayor of London it can accommodate approximately 11,500 new homes and 10,000 new jobs through the development of sites along Wembley High Road and land around Wembley Stadium. The Old Oak and Park Royal area is set to undergo a huge transformation, under the Mayor of London’s proposals, it will see the development of 25,500 new homes and 65,000 new jobs over the next 20 –30 years. Old Oak and Park Royal will become a transport hub where High Speed 2 meets Crossrail, creating super-fast links in. The 640 plus hectare development site, which spans the three boroughs of Brent, Ealing and Hammersmith and Fulham, will be the largest regeneration site in London. Since 1964 political control of the council has held by the following parties, As of the 2014 election the council is composed of the following councillors
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Bromley London Borough Council
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Bromley London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Bromley in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London and it was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Bromley as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council. As an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965 and this arrangement lasted until 1986 when Bromley London Borough Council gained responsibility for some services that had been provided by the Greater London Council, such as waste disposal. Bromley has the powers and functions of a London borough council and it is a billing authority collecting Council Tax and business rates, it processes local planning applications, it is responsible for housing, waste collection and environmental health. It is an education authority, responsible for social services, libraries. The council shares responsibility with the Greater London Authority for strategic policies including housing, planning, Bromley council has an agreement with the Environment agency to clear a 40-foot stinking pile of rubbish abandoned by the company Waste4Fuel next to peoples homes. The rubbish has been there for four years but according to the Telegraph progress expected since Bromley became involved in March has not been made, Bromley local elections London Borough of Bromley website
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Croydon London Borough Council
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Croydon London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Croydon in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, Croydon is divided into 24 wards, electing 70 councillors. There have previously been a number of authorities responsible for the Croydon area. The current local authority was first elected in 1964, a year before coming into its powers. Croydon replaced Croydon Borough Council and Coulsdon and Purley Urban District Council, Croydon was a county borough from 1889, which meant that its council had the functions of both a county and a borough. It was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Croydon as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council, as an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965. This arrangement lasted until 1986 when Croydon London Borough Council gained responsibility for services that had been provided by the Greater London Council. Croydon local elections London Borough of Croydon website
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Ealing London Borough Council
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Ealing London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Ealing in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London and it was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Ealing as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council. As an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965 and this arrangement lasted until 1986 when Ealing London Borough Council gained responsibility for some services that had been provided by the Greater London Council, such as waste disposal. Ealing local elections London Borough of Ealing website
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Enfield London Borough Council
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Enfield London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Enfield in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, the next election to the authority will be in 2018. It was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Enfield as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council, as an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965. This arrangement lasted until 1986 when Enfield London Borough Council gained responsibility for services that had been provided by the Greater London Council. Enfield is the subject of a series in the Guardian about housing, the scheme is currently being challenged by a judicial review in the High Court. Enfield local elections London Borough of Enfield website
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Greenwich London Borough Council
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Greenwich London Borough Council is the local authority for the Royal Borough of Greenwich in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, Greenwich is divided into 17 wards, each electing three councillors. The council was created by the London Government Act 1963 and replaced two local authorities, Greenwich Metropolitan Borough Council and Woolwich Metropolitan Borough Council, the council meets in Woolwich Town Hall. There have previously been a number of authorities responsible for the Greenwich area. The current local authority was first elected in 1964, a year before coming into its powers. Greenwich London Borough Council replaced Greenwich Metropolitan Borough Council and Woolwich Metropolitan Borough Council and it was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Greenwich as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council. This arrangement lasted until 1986 when Greenwich London Borough Council gained responsibility for services that had been provided by the Greater London Council. Greenwich became an authority in 1990. The authority previous faced criticism at the time of the killing, with the cabinet attending a day immediately after the murder. Following a campaign which saw 25,000 people sign a petition in support of the memorial the council dropped its opposition to the tribute
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Hackney London Borough Council
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Hackney London Borough Council is the local government authority for the London Borough of Hackney, London, England, one of 32 London borough councils. The council is unusual in the United Kingdom local government system in that its function is controlled by a directly elected mayor of Hackney. Hackney comprises 19 wards, each electing three Councillors, following the May 2014 election, Hackney London Borough Council consists of 50 Labour Party councillors, four Conservative Party councillors and three Liberal Democrat councillors. There have previously been a number of authorities responsible for the Hackney area. The current local authority was first elected in 1964, a year before coming into its powers. Hackney London Borough Council replaced Hackney Metropolitan Borough Council, Shoreditch Metropolitan Borough Council, Shoreditch was also an ancient parish and was governed by a vestry until becoming a metropolitan borough in 1900. It envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Hackney as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council. This arrangement lasted until 1986 when Hackney London Borough Council gained responsibility for services that had been provided by the Greater London Council. Hackney became an authority in 1990. Wards were established for Hackney when it came into existence on 1 April 1965, the first elections of ward councillors took place in 1964. These boundaries were used for the 1968,1971 and 1974 elections. For the 1978 elections the ward boundaries were revised and these boundaries were then also used at the 1982,1986 and 1990 elections. For the May 1994 elections there were minor adjustments to London borough boundaries and these boundaries were also used at the 1998 elections. The current ward boundaries came into effect at the May 2002 elections and they were also used at the 2006 and 2010 elections. The ward boundaries were redrawn for the 2014 election
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Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council
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Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, Hammersmith and Fulham is divided into 16 wards, electing a total of 46 councillors. The borough council provides some shared services with Kensington and Chelsea, the council was renamed on 1 January 1980. There have previously been a number of authorities responsible for the Hammersmith. The current local authority was first elected in 1964, a year before coming into its powers. Hammersmith London Borough Council replaced Hammersmith Metropolitan Borough Council and Fulham Metropolitan Borough Council, both had been created in 1900, replacing parish vestries. Fulham was an ancient parish covering broadly the area as the current borough. Hammersmith was governed by a vestry from 1631 and was formally split off as a separate civil parish in 1834. They were joined for local government from 1855 to 1886 as the Fulham District of the Metropolis and it was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Hammersmith as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council. The council was renamed on 1 January 1979, Hammersmith and Fulham became an education authority in 1990. London Plus Credit Union London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham website
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Haringey London Borough Council
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Haringey London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Haringey in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, Haringey is divided into 19 wards, each electing three councillors. Haringey London Borough Council comprises 48 Labour Party councillors, and 9 Liberal Democrats, the council was created by the London Government Act 1963 and replaced three local authorities, Hornsey Borough Council, Tottenham Borough Council and Wood Green Borough Council. The next election to the authority will be in 2018 and it was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Haringey as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council. As an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965 and this arrangement lasted until 1986 when Haringey London Borough Council gained responsibility for some services that had been provided by the Greater London Council, such as waste disposal
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Harrow London Borough Council
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Harrow London Borough Council /ˈhæroʊ/ is the local authority for the London Borough of Harrow in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, the current local authority was first elected in 1964, a year before formally coming into its powers and prior to the creation of the London Borough of Harrow on 1 April 1965. Harrow London Borough Council replaced Harrow Borough Council, which was formed when Harrow was incorporated in 1954, Harrow Urban District Council was the local authority from 1934 to 1954. It was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Harrow as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council, as an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965. This arrangement lasted until 1986 when Harrow London Borough Council gained responsibility for services that had been provided by the Greater London Council
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Havering London Borough Council
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Havering London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Havering in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, Havering is divided into 18 wards, each electing three councillors. Since May 2014, Havering London Borough Council has been in no overall control and it comprises 22 Conservative Party members,19 Havering Residents Association members, six UK Independence Party members, five independent residents members and two Labour Party members. The council was created by the London Government Act 1963 and replaced two local authorities, Hornchurch Urban District Council and Romford Borough Council, there have previously been a number of local authorities responsible for the Havering area. The current local authority was first elected in 1964, a year before coming into its powers. Havering replaced Hornchurch Urban District Council and Romford Borough Council, Hornchurch Urban District Council was formed in 1926 and replaced Hornchurch Parish Council and Romford Rural District Council in the parish of Hornchurch. It was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Havering as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council, as an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965. This arrangement lasted until 1986 when Havering London Borough Council gained responsibility for services that had been provided by the Greater London Council. From 1986 to 2000, the London Planning Advisory Committee was run from within the council, the planning function for large developments was from 2005 to 2013 exercised by the London Thames Gateway Development Corporation in the London Riverside designated area that is within the borough. � Wards were established for Havering when it came into existence on 1 April 1965, the first elections of ward councillors took place in 1964. These boundaries were used for the 1968,1971 and 1974 elections. For the 1978 elections the ward boundaries were revised and these boundaries were then also used at the 1982,1986 and 1990 elections. For the May 1994 elections there were minor adjustments to London borough boundaries and these boundaries were also used at the 1998 elections. The current ward boundaries came into effect at the May 2002 elections and they were also used at the 2006,2010 and 2014 elections. The leader is elected by fellow councillors once every four years following local elections, the current leader is Michael White who has held the position since 2004. The leadership of the council -once elected- can only subsequently be changed by a vote in favour of such change supported by two thirds of councillors, the current composition of Havering Councils Cabinet is demonstrated in the table below. The mayor for 2013/2014 municipal year is Eric Munday
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Hillingdon London Borough Council
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Hillingdon London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Hillingdon in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London, Hillingdon is divided into 22 wards, electing a total of 65 councillors. There have previously been a number of authorities responsible for the Hilligdon area. The current local authority was first elected in 1964, a year before coming into its powers. Hillingdon replaced Uxbridge Borough Council, Hayes and Harlington Urban District Council, Ruislip-Northwood Urban District Council and Yiewsley and it was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Hillingdon as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council. As an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965 and this arrangement lasted until 1986 when Hillingdon London Borough Council gained responsibility for some services that had been provided by the Greater London Council, such as waste disposal. The council has alternated between Conservative, Labour Party and no overall control since it was first elected in 1964
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Hounslow London Borough Council
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Hounslow London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Hounslow in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London and it was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Hounslow as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council. As an outer London borough council it has been an education authority since 1965 and this arrangement lasted until 1986 when Hounslow London Borough Council gained responsibility for some services that had been provided by the Greater London Council, such as waste disposal. Hounslow local elections Thamesbank Credit Union London Borough of Hounslow website
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Islington London Borough Council
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Islington London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Islington in Greater London, England. The council was created by the London Government Act 1963 and replaced two local authorities, Finsbury Metropolitan Borough Council and Islington Metropolitan Borough Council and it is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London. Islington is divided into 16 wards, each electing three councillors, following the May 2014 election, Islington Council comprises 47 Labour Party councillors and 1 Green Party councillor. Of these 48 councillors, the Leader of the Council is Councillor Richard Watts, there have previously been a number of local authorities responsible for the Islington area. The current local authority was first elected in 1964, a year before coming into its powers. The present Islington Borough Council replaced Finsbury Metropolitan Borough Council and Islington Metropolitan Borough Council, both were created in 1900, in Islington the borough council replaced the parish vestry. It was envisaged through the London Government Act 1963 that Islington as a London local authority would share power with the Greater London Council. This arrangement lasted until 1986 when Islington Council gained responsibility for services that had been provided by the Greater London Council. Islington became an authority in 1990. Islington Council is elected every four years, with 48 councillors being elected from 16 wards, the Liberal Democrats then had a majority from 1999 to the 2006 election, but continued to run the council as a minority administration until 2010 when Labour won a majority. As of the 2014 election the council is composed of the following councillors, - In October 2013 Richard Watts was elected Leader of the Council replacing Catherine West
