1.
Mount Kisco, New York
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Mount Kisco is a village and town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The town of Mount Kisco is coterminous with the village, the population was 10,877 at the 2010 census. The spelling Mount Kisko was used by the postmaster when a post office was opened in the village sometime after 1850. The current spelling of the name was adopted in 1875, with the incorporation as a village. The town shares its name with the Kisco River, which traverses the town, as a village, Mount Kisco originally was half in the Town of Bedford and half in the Town of New Castle. Mount Kisco became a town in its own right in 1978, the Mount Kisco Municipal Complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. Marks Cemetery, and the United Methodist Church and Parsonage are also listed, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.1 square miles, all of it land. Mount Kisco lies within the continental climate zone, experiencing four distinct seasons. Winter is cold, summer is warm and humid, and spring, as of the 2013 United States Census there were 11,067 people,4,128 households, and 2,447 families residing in the village. The population density was 3,194.0 people per square mile, there were 4,103 housing units at an average density of 1,312.7 per square mile. The large number of businesses, retail stores, and financial and medical offices swells the daytime population to more than 20,000. The racial makeup of the village was 77. 79% White,5. 99% African American,0. 28% Native American,4. 24% Asian,9. 03% from other races,24. 54% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 31. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.09. In the village, the population was out with 22. 1% under the age of 18,7. 3% from 18 to 24,37. 0% from 25 to 44,21. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males, the median income for a household in the village was $62,699, and the median income for a family was $68,219. Males had an income of $45,428 versus $40,040 for females. The per capita income for the village was $32,424, about 7. 4% of families and 10. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11. 0% of those under age 18 and 13. 8% of those age 65 or over
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
Denison University
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Denison University is a private, coeducational, and residential four-year liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio, about 30 mi east of Columbus. Founded in 1831, it is Ohios second-oldest liberal arts college, Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association, and competes in the North Coast Athletic Conference. On December 13,1831, John Pratt, the colleges first president, situated on a 200-acre farm south of the village of Granville, it was the second Baptist college west of the Allegheny mountains after Georgetown College, which was founded in 1829. While rooted in education, the institution offered students the same literary. The first term included 37 students,27 of whom hailed from Granville, the school was more of an academy than a college. The schools first Commencement, which graduated three classical scholars, was held in 1840, in 1845, the institution, which at this point was male-only, officially changed its name to Granville College. In 1853, William S. Denison, a Muskingum County farmer, honoring an earlier commitment, the trustees accordingly changed the name of the institution to Denison University. They also voted to move the college to land then available for purchase in the village of Granville, in the years leading up to the Civil War, many students and faculty members at Denison University became deeply involved in the anti-slavery movement. Professor Asa Drury, the chair of Greek and Latin studies, bancroft House, now a residential hall, served as a stop on the Underground Railroad for refugee slaves. The seminary was superseded by the Young Ladies Institute, founded in 1859 by Dr. the Young Ladies Institute was sold to Reverend Dr. Daniel Shepardson in 1868 and was renamed the Shepardson College for Women in 1886. Shepardson College was incorporated as part of Denison University in 1900, in 1887, Denison inaugurated a masters program, with resident graduates pursuing advanced studies in the sciences. Within a few years, the institution considered offering graduate programs on the doctoral level, in 1926, the Board of Trustees formalized a new curriculum that would make Denison University an exclusively undergraduate institution. In the wake of Shepardson Colleges incorporation, Denison University made plans for enlargement of its campus, in 1916, the college sought the expertise of the Frederick Law Olmsted & Sons architectural firm, the founder of which had designed Central Park in New York City. During World War II, Denison was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. While the colleges origins were rooted in education, Denison University has been a non-sectarian institution since the 1960s. By 2005, the college reached its present size of approximately 2,250 students, the campus size is about 1,100 acres. This includes a 400-acre biological reserve just east of campus, where professors of sciences like geology and biology can hold class. Purchased in 2014 is the Denison Golf Course an 18-hole course just 0.4 miles from the academic campus, the first building in the Greater Denison plan, Swasey Chapel was built at the center of the campus
4.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
5.
The Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
6.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
7.
Television network
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Until the mid-1980s, television programming in most countries of the world was dominated by a small number of broadcast networks. Many early television networks evolved from earlier radio networks, such networks are commonly referred to by terms such as specialty channels in Canada or cable networks in the U. S. A network may or may not produce all of its own programming, if not, production companies can distribute their content to the various networks, and it is common that a certain production firm may have programs that air on two or more rival networks. Similarly, some networks may import television programs from other countries, some stations have the capability to interrupt the network through the local insertion of television commercials, station identifications and emergency alerts. Others completely break away from the network for their own programming and this is common where small networks are members of larger networks. The majority of television stations are self-owned, even though a variety of these instances are the property of an owned-and-operated television network. The commercial television stations can also be linked with an educational broadcasting agency. It is also important to note that some countries have launched national television networks, on the other hand, television networks also undergo the impending experience of major changes related to cultural varieties. The emergence of television has made available in major media markets. Such a diverse captive audience presents an occasion for the networks and this is explained by author Tim P. Vos notes that policymakers did not expressly intend to create a broadcast order dominated by commercial networks. In fact, legislative attempts were made to limit the networks preferred position, as to individual stations, modern network operations centers usually use broadcast automation to handle most tasks. A major international network is the British Broadcasting Corporation, which is perhaps most well known for its news agency BBC News. Owned by the Crown, the BBC operates primarily in the United Kingdom and it is funded by the television licence paid by British residents that watch terrestrial television and as a result, no commercial advertising appears on its networks. Outside of the UK, advertising is broadcast because the licence fee applies to the BBCs British operations. 23,000 people worldwide are employed by the BBC and its subsidiary, other networks are dedicated to specialized programming, such as religious content or programs presented in languages other than English, particularly Spanish. The largest television network in the United States, however, is the Public Broadcasting Service, some public television outlets, such as PBS, carry separate digital subchannel networks through their member stations. This works as each network sends its signal to many local affiliated stations across the country. These local stations then carry the feed, which can be viewed by millions of households across the country
8.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
9.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
10.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
11.
American Jews
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American Jews, also known as Jewish Americans, are Americans who are Jews, either by religion, ethnicity, or nationality. The Jewish community in the United States is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews and their US-born descendants, Minority Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented, including Sephardic Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and a smaller percentage of converts to Judaism. The American Jewish community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, depending on religious definitions and varying population data, the United States is home to the largest or second largest Jewish community in the world. In 2012, the American Jewish population was estimated at between 5.5 and 8 million, depending on the definition of the term and this constitutes between 1. 7% and 2. 6% of the total U. S. population. Jews have been present in what is today the United States of America since the mid-17th century, however, they were small in number, with at most 200 to 300 having arrived by 1700. The majority were Sephardic Jewish immigrants of Spanish and Portuguese ancestry, until after 1720 when Ashkenazi Jews from Central, after passage of the Plantation Act of 1740, Jews were specifically permitted to become British citizens and immigrate to the colonies. Until about 1830, Charleston, South Carolina had more Jews than anywhere else in North America and they primarily became merchants and shop-owners. Jewish migration to the United States increased dramatically in the early 1880s, as a result of persecution, many Jews also emigrated from Romania. Over 2,000,000 Jews landed between the late 19th century and 1924, when the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted immigration, most settled in the New York metropolitan area, establishing the worlds major concentrations of Jewish population. In 1915 the circulation of the daily Yiddish newspapers was half a million in New York City alone, in addition thousands more subscribed to the numerous weekly papers and the many magazines. American Jewish writers of the time urged assimilation and integration into the wider American culture,500,000 American Jews fought in World War II, and after the war younger families joined the new trend of suburbanization. There, Jews became increasingly assimilated and demonstrated rising intermarriage, more recent waves of Jewish emigration from Russia and other regions have largely joined the mainstream American Jewish community. Americans of Jewish descent have been successful in many fields. Scholars debate whether the historical experience for Jews in the United States has been such a unique experience as to validate American exceptionalism. Korelitz shows how American Jews during the late 19th and early 20th centuries abandoned a racial definition of Jewishness in favor of one that embraced ethnicity. The key to understanding this transition from a racial self-definition to a cultural or ethnic one can be found in the ‘’Menorah Journal’’ between 1915 and 1925, siporin uses the family folklore of ethnic Jews to their collective history and its transformation into an historical art form. They tell us how Jews have survived being uprooted and transformed, many immigrant narratives bear a theme of the arbitrary nature of fate and the reduced state of immigrants in a new culture. By contrast, ethnic family narratives tend to show the more in charge of his life
12.
Boy Scouts of America
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The BSA was founded in 1910 and, since then, more than 110 million Americans have been participants in BSA programs at some time. The BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. In order to further these activities, the BSA has four high-adventure bases, Northern Tier, Philmont Scout Ranch, Sea Base. The traditional Scouting divisions are Cub Scouting for boys ages 7 to 10½ years, Boy Scouting for boys ages 10½ to 18, Learning for Life is a non-traditional subsidiary that provides in-school and career education. Units are led entirely by volunteers appointed by the chartering organization, the progressive movement in the United States was at its height during the early 20th century. With the migration of families from farms to cities, there were concerns among some people that men were no longer learning patriotism and individualism. The YMCA was a promoter of reforms for young men with a focus on social welfare and programs of mental, physical, social. In 1907, Robert Baden-Powell, founded the Scouting movement in England using elements of Setons works among other influences, several Scout programs for boys started independently in the US. Many of these Scout programs in the US merged with the BSA.52 In 1909, Chicago publisher W. D. Boyce was visiting London, Boyce was lost on a foggy street when an unknown Scout came to his aid, guiding him to his destination. The boy then refused Boyces tip, explaining that he was a Boy Scout and was doing his daily good turn. Interested in the Boy Scouts, Boyce met with staff at the Boy Scouts Headquarters and, by some accounts, upon his return to the US, Boyce incorporated the Boy Scouts of America on February 8,1910. Edgar M. Robinson and Lee F. Hanmer became interested in the nascent BSA, Robinson enlisted Seton, Beard, Charles Eastman, and other prominent leaders in the early youth movements. Former president Theodore Roosevelt, who had complained of the decline in American manhood. The current mission statement of the BSA is to young people to make ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath. The BSA holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code, on behalf of the BSA, Paul Sleman, Colin H. Livingstone, Ernest S. Martin, and James E. West successfully lobbied Congress for a charter for the BSA which President Woodrow Wilson signed on June 15,1916. The special recognition neither implies nor accords Congress any special control over the BSA, in the BSA, Scouting is considered to be one movement with four main programs, Cub Scouting is available to boys from first to fifth-grade or 7 to 11 years. Boy Scouting is the program of the BSA generally for boys ages 11 to 18
13.
Red Bank, New Jersey
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Red Bank is a borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, incorporated in 1908 and located on the Navesink River, the areas original transportation route to the ocean and other ports. Red Bank was originally formed as a town on March 17,1870, on February 14,1879, Red Bank became Shrewsbury City, a portion of Shrewsbury Township, but this only lasted until May 15,1879, when Red Bank regained its independence. On March 10,1908, Red Bank was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature and was set off from Shrewsbury Township, the borough was named for the red soil along the Navesink River. The Lenape lived in the area between the Navesink River and the Shrewsbury River in an area that they called Navarumsunk, the Native Americans traded freely with European settlers from England and the Dutch Republic in the mid-17th century, who purchased land in the area. Originally part of Shrewsbury Towne, Red Bank was named in 1736, Red Bank was settled by English colonists beginning in the 17th century and became a center for shipbuilding. Its population grew rapidly after 1809, when scheduled passenger ships were established to serve the route to Manhattan. By 1844, Red Bank had become a commercial and manufacturing center, focused on textiles, tanning, furs, with the dredging of the Navesink River about 1845, Red Bank became a port from which steamboats transported commuters to work in Manhattan. Red Bank grew in size as a result of this, as well as the effects of construction of a railway in the town by the Raritan and Delaware Bay Railroad in 1860. During the 20th century, Red Bank was a cultural, economic. During this time, Red Banks economy, based largely on commerce, was in decline. Local pundits and urban planners referred to the town as Dead Bank, the district as originally proposed was larger, to include the commercial areas west of Maple Avenue, including the antique buildings, The Galleria, and Shrewsbury Avenue. But, some property owners in this area were opposed to paying the special assessment, plans for the larger district advanced but opposition became more rigorous. The proposed district was amended to exclude opponents, and the district that was adopted stops at Maple Avenue. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had an area of 2.162 square miles. Red Bank is located on the bank of the Navesink River, in northern Monmouth County. It is about 24 miles due south of the tip of Manhattan and about 25 nautical miles to the tip of Manhattan if traveling by water along the Navesink River, unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the borough include Newmans Corner. Red Bank is bordered by the Monmouth County municipalities of Middletown Township and the boroughs of Tinton Falls, Fair Haven, Shrewsbury, and Little Silver. Red Banks climate borders humid subtropical and humid continental As of the census of 2010, there were 12,206 people,4,929 households, the population density was 7,019.1 per square mile
14.
History of the Jews in Germany
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Jewish settlers founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community in the Early and High Middle Ages. The community survived under Charlemagne, but suffered during the Crusades, accusations of well poisoning during the Black Death led to mass slaughter of German Jews, and they fled in large numbers to Poland. The Jewish communities of the cities of Mainz, Speyer, and this was a golden age as area bishops protected the Jews resulting in increased trade and prosperity. The First Crusade began an era of persecution of Jews in Germany, Entire communities, like those of Trier, Worms, Mainz, and Cologne, were murdered. The war upon the Hussite heretics became the signal for renewed persecution of Jews, the end of the 15th century was a period of religious hatred that ascribed to Jews all possible evils. The atrocities during the Khmelnytsky Uprising committed by Khmelnytskyis Cossacks drove the Polish Jews back into western Germany, with Napoleons fall in 1815, growing nationalism resulted in increasing repression. From August to October 1819, pogroms that came to be known as the Hep-Hep riots took place throughout Germany, during this time, many German states stripped Jews of their civil rights. As a result, many German Jews began to emigrate, from the time of Moses Mendelssohn until the 20th century, the community gradually achieved emancipation, and then prospered. In January 1933, some 522,000 Jews lived in Germany, however, following the growth of Nazism and its antisemitic ideology and policies, the Jewish community was severely persecuted. Over half emigrated during the first six years of the Nazi dictatorship, in 1933, persecution of the Jews became an active Nazi policy. In 1935 and 1936, the pace of persecution of the Jews increased, in 1936, Jews were banned from all professional jobs, effectively preventing them from exerting any influence in education, politics, higher education, and industry. The SS ordered the Night of Broken Glass to be carried out the night of November 9–10,1938, the storefronts of Jewish shops and offices were smashed and vandalized, and many synagogues were destroyed by fire. Increasing antisemitism prompted a wave of a Jewish mass emigration from Germany throughout the 1930s, only roughly 214,000 Jews were left in Germany proper on the eve of World War II. Beginning in late 1941, the community was subjected to systematic deportations to ghettos. In May 1943, Germany was declared judenrein, by the end of the war, an estimated 160,000 to 180,000 German Jews had been killed under the Nazi regime, by the Germans and their collaborators. A total of about 6 million European Jews were murdered under the direction of the Nazis, after the war, the Jewish community in Germany started to slowly grow again. Currently in Germany, denial of the Holocaust or that six million Jews were murdered in the Holocaust is a criminal act, violations can be punished with up to five years of prison. In 2007, the Interior Minister of Germany, Wolfgang Schäuble, pointed out the policy of Germany, We will not tolerate any form of extremism, xenophobia
15.
Park Avenue
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Park Avenue is a wide New York City boulevard which carries north and southbound traffic in the borough of Manhattan, and is also a wide one-way pair in the Bronx. For most of the length in Manhattan, it runs parallel to Madison Avenue to the west. Park Avenues entire length was formerly called Fourth Avenue, the title applies to the section between the Bowery and 14th Street. Meanwhile, the section between 14th and 17th Street is called Union Square East, and between 17th and 32nd Streets, the name Park Avenue South is used, in the Bronx, Park Avenue runs in several segments between the Major Deegan Expressway and Fordham Road. Park Avenue was originally known as Fourth Avenue and carried the tracks of the New York, the railroad originally ran through an open cut through Murray Hill, which was covered with grates and grass between 34th and 40th Street in the early 1850s. A section of park was later renamed Park Avenue in 1860. When Grand Central Depot was opened in the 1870s, the tracks between 56th and 93rd Streets were sunk out of sight and, in 1888, Park Avenue was extended to north of Grand Central. In 1936 the elevated Park Avenue Viaduct was built around the station to allow traffic to pass unimpeded. In October 1937, a part of the Murray Hill Tunnel was reopened for road traffic, efforts to promote a Grand Park Avenue Expressway to Grand Concourse in the Bronx were unavailing. A tradition was introduced in 1945 as a memorial to American soldiers killed in action, on May 5,1959, the New York City Council voted 20–1 to change the name of Fourth Avenue between 17th and 32nd Streets to Park Avenue South. In 1963, the Pan Am Building, straddling Park Avenue atop Grand Central Terminal, was built between the automotive viaducts, on March 12,2014, two apartment buildings near 116th Street,1644 and 1646 Park Avenue, were destroyed in a gas explosion. Eight people were killed and many others were injured, the road that becomes Park Avenue originates as the Bowery. From Cooper Square at 8th Street to Union Square at 14th Street, it is known as Fourth Avenue, at 14th Street, it turns slightly northeast to align with other avenues drawn up in the Commissioners Plan of 1811. From 17th Street to 32nd Street, it is known as Park Avenue South, above 32nd Street, for the remainder of its distance, it is known as Park Avenue, a 140-foot-wide boulevard. Between 33rd Street and 40th Street, the northbound lane descends into the Murray Hill Tunnel. The bridge, one of two structures in Manhattan known as the Park Avenue Viaduct, returns to level at 46th Street after going through the Helmsley Building. The IRT Lexington Avenue Line runs under this portion of the street, once the line reaches Grand Central – 42nd Street, it shifts east to Lexington Avenue. From 47th to 97th Streets, Metro-North Railroad tracks run in a tunnel underneath Park Avenue, in the 1920s the portion of Park Avenue from Grand Central Terminal to 96th Street saw extensive apartment building construction
16.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
17.
Allen-Stevenson School
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Allen-Stevenson is a private boys school for kindergarten through 9th grade in New York City, New York. It opened in 1883 and moved to its present location at 132 East 78th Street in 1924, the Allen School was founded in 1883 by Francis Bellows Allen at a home on Fifth Avenue and 57th Street. Its first class enrolled only three boys, in 1885, the school moved to rented rooms at Madison Avenue and 44th Street with an enrollment of 20 boys. In 1904, Mr. Allen met Robert Alston Stevenson, a tutor, who by chance had taken a room at 509 Fifth Avenue, in 1904, Mr. Allen and Mr. Stevenson joined forces and then moved to 50 East 57th Street with 100 students. The School published its first newspaper, The Spotlight, and introduced a program and team sports. In 1924, the School purchased two brownstones for a new schoolhouse and moved to its present location on the Upper East Side, in 1939, Mr. Allen retired at the age of 80, after 56 years of service. In 1947, Mr. Stevenson retired after 43 years of service and his son, Robert Huck Alston Stevenson Jr. who had taught at the School, succeeded him as Headmaster. Rennard became Headmaster of Allen-Stevenson and served for nine years, the School introduced team sports at Randalls Island and required boys to wear navy blue blazers and gray flannel pants. In 1959, Henry Dyer Tiffany, Jr. became Headmaster until 1974, under his leadership, a modern science lab and a paneled library, a gift from the Bell family, were added. Allen-Stevensons school song was composed by music teacher Rolande Schrade in 1968, in 1974, Desmond Cole became Headmaster and served for 16 years. During his tenure, he created the Middle School division, in 1983, The Allen-Stevenson School celebrated its first 100 years and published The Allen-Stevenson Centennial Album. Around that time an East 77th Street addition, designed by A-S parent Alfredo De Vido, was built onto the school, in 1990, the Board of Trustees appointed David Trower as Allen-Stevensons seventh Headmaster. In 2001, Allen-Stevenson launched its first website to improve communication about the School, in 2008, School completes year-long celebration of 125th Anniversary. The Board of Trustees approves Allen-Stevenson and Its Community, a statement about inclusion. This makes Allen-Stevenson the very first elementary school in the United States to achieve LEED-EB Gold status, Allen-Stevenson offers art, shop, music and theatre programs for grades K-9. These include Art and Shop, Orchestra, Chorus, and Technical Theatre programs, from 1949 to 1950, Cesido Ruel Simboli Ph. D. fills in as acting Headmaster while another one is being selected. He appears as “Acting Headmaster” in the 1950 yearbook, rennard - 1950-1959, introduces navy blazers and gray flannel pants. Henry Dyer Tiffany, Jr. - 1959-1974, adds modern science lab, Desmond Francis Patrick Cole - 1974-1990, expands the science program, introduces micro-computers, and creates the Middle School division
18.
Lawrenceville School
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The Lawrenceville School is a coeducational, independent college preparatory boarding school for students in ninth through twelfth grades. The school is located on 700 acres in the historic Lawrenceville section of Lawrence Township, in Mercer County, New Jersey, Lawrenceville is a member of the Eight Schools Association, begun informally in 1973–74 and formalized in 2006. Lawrenceville is also a member of the Ten Schools Admissions Organization, there is a seven-school overlap of membership between the two groups. Lawrenceville was additionally formerly a member of the G20 Schools group, the school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1928. As of the 2013-14 school year, the school had an enrollment of 817 students and 113.3 classroom teachers, students came from 34 states and 40 countries. In 2010 Lawrenceville announced that Janie Woods, who died at age 87 in 2007, and her husband, Henry C. Woods Jr. had bequeathed the school $60 million, as of October 2014, its endowment stood at $374 million. Lawrenceville received 1,894 formal applications for entry in fall 2016, in the publications five years of rankings, this was the first time Lawrenceville was not the top-ranked school. One of the oldest preparatory schools in the United States, Lawrenceville was founded in 1810 as the Maidenhead Academy by Presbyterian clergyman Isaac Van Arsdale Brown, as early as 1828, the school attracted students from Cuba and England, as well as from the Cherokee Nation. An 18-acre area of the campus built then, including buildings, has been designated a U. S. National Historic Landmark District. An addition to the campus outside of district was built in the 1920s. Lawrencevilles student body was almost entirely white for its first 150 years, Lawrenceville was featured in a number of novels by Owen Johnson, class of 1895, notably The Prodigious Hickey, The Tennessee Shad, and The Varmint. A1986 PBS miniseries was based on Johnsons Lawrenceville tales, Lawrenceville was all-male until the Board of Trustees voted to make the school coeducational in 1985. The first girls were admitted in 1987, and 178 of the 725 students were female during the 1987-88 school year, the Lawrence has been published regularly since 1881. Students comprise the board and make all decisions for the paper. The Lit was founded in 1895 by author Owen Johnson, who went on to write the Lawrenceville Stories, the Lawrenceville School National Historic Landmark is a 17. 74-acre historic district on the campus of the Lawrenceville School. This portion, the old campus area built in 1894–1895, was designed jointly by the landscape designer Frederick Law Olmsted, a new campus area, built in the 1920s, does not intrude and is not included in the district. The district was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1986 and it is included in the Lawrence Township Historic District, created in 1972. The village has historically been a commercial center for students
19.
Delta Upsilon
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Delta Upsilon is the sixth oldest extant, all-male, college Greek-letter organization in North America. Founded on November 4,1834, at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, it is popularly and informally known as Delta U or DU, though historically set at New England private universities, as of 2012 it had 76 chapters across the United States and Canada. A number of its buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in 2013, Business Insider named Delta Upsilon one of the 17 Fraternities with Top Wall Street Alumni. Notable members include president of the United States James A. Garfield, president of Colombia Juan Manuel Santos, pearson, Linus Pauling, Joseph P. Kennedy, Lou Holtz, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Charles Evans Hughes, Les Aspin, and others. The move was in response to the establishment of Kappa Alpha and Sigma Phi at the college and, unlike those fraternities, growth of the Social Fraternity was exponential. By 1838 two-thirds of all students at Williams belonged to the society engaged in militant agitation against the other two fraternities. One particularly violent incident occurred in 1839 when Oudens assaulted the Kappa Alpha house, more refined conflict took the form of pamphlets and debate. An 1855 debate proposed by Kappa Alpha against the Oudens was called-off after the Social Fraternity appointed James Garfield, in November 1847 Williams Social Fraternity met with similar societies that had recently been formed at Union College, Hamilton College, and Amherst College and formed the Anti-Secret Confederation. A second meeting of the Anti-Secret Confederation in 1852 saw fraternities from Wesleyan University, Case Western Reserve University, Colby College, and the University of Vermont join. At the 1862 convention, the mother chapter, Williams, declared the purposes of the fraternity had been corrupted and, over the objections of the other chapters. Two years later it dissolved itself, a chapter would eventually be restored. However, Williams being the first chapter and, therefore, self-chartering and it was permanently erased when Williams College banned all fraternities in 1962. In 1879, Delta Upsilon formally disavowed its policy of anti-secrecy and this explanation has been more skeptically received by some, with one period observer caustically noting that Delta Upsilon reveals very little more of what it does than the latter. Others commented that chapter meetings were closed to all but initiated members, therefore, it was proffered, the description of the fraternity as a private society rather than a non-secret one might be more accurate. At the turn of the century the fraternitys growth plateaued due, in part, in 1898, Delta Upsilon joined the recent trend of fraternity expansion into Canada by chartering a chapter at McGill University in Montreal. However, most expansion in this came in the form of the annexation of established local fraternities. Zeta Chi at Baker University was one local which unsuccessfully petitioned for annexation by Delta Upsilon, in 1909, Charles Evans Hughes led the incorporation of the fraternity. By 1920 the fraternity had grown to 44 chapters, gen. Clark became the first Canadian to hold the Delta Upsilon presidency
20.
Keewaydin (camp)
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Keewaydin Canoe Camp is one of the oldest summer camps in North America, well over a hundred years old. Keewaydin completed its first season in 1893 in the backwoods of northern Maine, the camps first basecamp was on Lac Cacaumagomoc near the headwaters of the Allagash River. In 1901, the owners changed the name to Keewaydin. Founder A. S. Gregg Clarke moved Keewaydin to Devil Island on Lake Temagami in the Canadian Province of Ontario, another camp was created on the shores of Lake Dunmore in the State of Vermont. Keewaydin Dunmore emphasized basecamp activities, while Temagami continued to outfit exploratory canoe expeditions throughout the Canadian Provinces, in 2001, Keewaydin Temagami and Keewaydin Dunmore were united under the same non-profit organization, known as the Keewaydin Foundation. Both Keewaydin Temagami and Keewaydin Dunmore launched their first girls programs in 1999, on Lake Temagami, Songadeewin is a part of Keewaydin, whereas on Lake Dunmore, Songadeewin is its own camp. Although Keewaydin Temagami is now co-ed, sections are not co-ed, each summer, Keewaydin Temagami sends canoe trips throughout the Temagami Region and La Verendrye Provincial Park and the Kipawa Region in north-central Quebec. Keewaydin also sends three sections into Wabakimi Provincial Park and sections of experienced campers into northwestern Ontario, Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, the oldest and most experienced section of these campers end their final summer at settlements on the Hudson Bay. Keewaydin Dunmore conducts the majority of its camping exploits within New England and New York State until campers reach the most senior stage, Keewaydin means northwest wind in Ojibway. In the summer of 1932 six staff at Keewaydin decided to start their own camp, the camp would be located roughly six miles south on Garden Island. In 1933 they started a new camp, Wabun, Wabun is known for their red canoes. Today, the Wabun trips are similar to the Keewaydin trips, Keewaydin Temagami Keewaydin Foundation The Keewaydin Way @ Ottertooth. com
21.
Vermont
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Vermont is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It borders the other U. S. states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Lake Champlain forms half of Vermonts western border with the state of New York, Vermont is the 2nd-least populous of the U. S. states, with nearly 50,000 more residents than Wyoming. The capital is Montpelier, the least populous state capital in the U. S, the most populous municipality, Burlington, is the least populous city in the U. S. to be the most populous within a state. As of 2015, Vermont continued to be the producer of maple syrup in the U. S. It was ranked as the safest state in the country in January 2016, for thousands of years inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki and Mohawk, much of the territory that is now Vermont was claimed by Frances colony of New France. France ceded the territory to Great Britain after being defeated in 1763 in the Seven Years War, for many years, the nearby colonies, especially the provinces of New Hampshire and New York, disputed control of the area. Settlers who held land titles granted by New York were opposed by the Green Mountain Boys militia, ultimately, those settlers prevailed in creating an independent state, the Vermont Republic. Founded in 1777 during the American Revolutionary War, the republic lasted for 14 years, aside from the original 13 states that were formerly colonies, Vermont is one of only four U. S. states that were previously sovereign states. Vermont was also the first state to join the U. S. as its 14th member state after the original 13, while still an independent republic, Vermont was the first of any future U. S. state to partially abolish slavery. It played an important geographic role in the Underground Railroad, sights in Vermont Vermont is located in the New England region of the northeastern United States and comprises 9,614 square miles, making it the 45th-largest state. It is the state that does not have any buildings taller than 124 feet. Land comprises 9,250 square miles and water comprises 365 square miles, making it the 43rd-largest in land area, in total area, it is larger than El Salvador and smaller than Haiti. The west bank of the Connecticut River marks the eastern border with New Hampshire. 41% of Vermonts land area is part of the Connecticut Rivers watershed, Lake Champlain, the major lake in Vermont, is the sixth-largest body of fresh water in the United States and separates Vermont from New York in the northwest portion of the state. From north to south, Vermont is 159 miles long and its greatest width, from east to west, is 89 miles at the Canada–U. S. Border, the narrowest width is 37 miles at the Massachusetts line, the states geographic center is approximately three miles east of Roxbury, in Washington County. There are fifteen U. S. federal border crossings between Vermont and Canada, the origin of the name Vermont is uncertain, but likely comes from the French les Verts Monts, meaning the Green Mountains
22.
Barry Diller
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Diller is a member of the Television Hall of Fame, having been inducted in 1994. Diller was born into a Jewish household in San Francisco, California, Diller began his career through a family connection in the mailroom of the William Morris Agency after dropping out of UCLA after one semester. He was promoted to Vice President of Development in 1965, in this position, Diller created the ABC Movie of the Week, pioneering the concept of the made-for-television movie through a regular series of 90-minute films produced exclusively for television. Diller served for ten years as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Paramount Pictures Corporation starting in 1974. with Children, Diller quit 20th Century Fox in 1992 and purchased a $25 million stake in QVC teleshopping network. Diller then launched a bid to purchase Paramount Communications, but lost it to Viacom, Diller resigned from QVC in 1995. Along with this acquisition, Diller also purchased the rights to the USA Network from the Bronfman family, Diller eventually sold the TV assets to Univision after rejecting a bid from The Walt Disney Company. The USA Network and its assets were sold off to Vivendi. Diller retained the assets of the Home Shopping Network and the subsequent Internet assets he acquired later to bolster the HSN Online stable that later became IAC/InterActiveCorp, in 2005, IAC/InterActiveCorp acquired Ask. com, marking a strategic move into the Internet search category. He stepped down as Chief Executive Officer of IAC/InterActiveCorp on December 2,2010, the new headquarters for the IAC/InterActiveCorp, IAC Building was designed by Frank Gehry and opened in 2007 at 18th Street and the West Side Highway in Manhattans Chelsea neighborhood. The western half of the block is dedicated to the building, the extra floors guarantee a panoramic Hudson River view from Dillers sixth-floor office. Diller has been on the board of Coca-Cola since 2002, in 2003, on the PBS TV program NOW with Bill Moyers, Diller vocalized a strong warning against media consolidation. In the interview he referred to media ownership by a few big corporations as an oligarchy, Diller was the highest-paid executive according to a report by The New York Times on Thursday, October 26,2006 with a total compensation package in excess of $295 million. In an opinion article in the New York Times of Nov 7,2006, Nicholas D. Kristof awarded him his annual Michael Eisner Award, consisting of a $5 shower curtain, for corporate rapacity and laziness. Diller is responsible for what the media dubs The Killer Dillers – people whom Diller mentored, Diller worked with Stephen Chao at Fox Television Network, whom he later hired as President of Programming and Marketing at USA Network. In 2001, Diller married fashion designer Diane von Fürstenberg, mother of Alexander von Fürstenberg and he is a member of the Democratic Party and supporter of related political causes. As of October 2015, Dillers estimated net worth was $2.6 billion, in 2012 Diller donated $30 million to the Hollywood Fund, which provides health and social care to retired individuals from the show-business world. In 2011 the Diller-von Furstenberg Family Foundation announced a donation of $20 million to support the completion of the High Line park project in Manhattan. In 2015, Diller and his wife committed to donate US$113 million toward a public park and performance space on a pier in the Hudson River
23.
Saturday Night Fever
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While in the disco, Tony is the champion dancer. The story is based upon a 1976 New York magazine article by British writer Nik Cohn, Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night, in the mid-1990s, Cohn acknowledged that he fabricated the article. In 2010, the film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. A huge commercial success, the film helped to popularize disco music around the world and made Travolta, already well known from his role on TVs Welcome Back, Kotter. The Saturday Night Fever soundtrack, featuring songs by the Bee Gees, is one of the best-selling soundtracks of all time. The sequel Staying Alive also starred John Travolta and was directed by Sylvester Stallone, anthony Tony Manero is a 19-year-old Italian American man from the Bay Ridge neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City. Tony lives with his parents, and works at a job in a small hardware store. The stagnant monotony of his life is temporarily dispelled every Saturday night when Tony is king of the floor at 2001 Odyssey. Tony has four friends, Joey, Double J, Gus. A fringe member of his group of friends is Annette, a girl who longs for a more permanent physical relationship with Tony. Tony and his friends ritually stop on the Verrazano–Narrows Bridge to clown around, the bridge has special significance for Tony as a symbol of escape to a better life on the other side—in more suburban Staten Island. Although Stephanie coldly rejects Tonys advances, she agrees to be his partner in the dance competition. Tonys older brother, Frank Jr. who was the pride of the Manero family since he was ordained a Roman Catholic priest, Tony shares a warm relationship with Frank Jr. but feels vindicated that he is no longer the black sheep of the family. While on his way home from the store, Gus is attacked by a Hispanic gang. He tells Tony and his friends that his attackers were the Barracudas, meanwhile, Bobby C. has been trying to get out of his relationship with his devoutly Catholic girlfriend, Pauline, who is pregnant with his child. Facing pressure from his family and others to marry her, Bobby asks former priest Frank Jr. if the Pope would grant him dispensation for an abortion, when Frank tells him such a thing would be highly unlikely, Bobbys feelings of despair intensify. Bobby lets Tony borrow his 1964 Chevrolet Impala to help move Stephanie from Bay Ridge to Manhattan, eventually, the group gets their revenge on the Barracudas, and crash Bobby Cs car into their hangout. Tony, Double J, and Joey get out of the car to fight, when the guys visit Gus in the hospital, they are angry when he tells them that he may have targeted the wrong gang
24.
Grease (film)
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Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on Jim Jacobs and Warren Caseys musical of the same name. The film depicts the life of Rydell High School students Danny Zuko, directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Bronte Woodard, the film stars John Travolta as Danny, Olivia Newton-John as Sandy and Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo. Grease was successful critically and commercially. Only a few of the original cast members reprised their roles, in the summer of 1958, local boy Danny Zuko and vacationing Sandy Olsson met at the beach and fell in love. When the summer comes to an end, Sandy, who is going back to Australia, frets that they may never meet again, the film moves to the start of the seniors term at Rydell High School. Danny, a greaser, is a member of the T-Birds, consisting of his best friend Kenickie, Doody, Sonny, the Pink Ladies, a popular clique of girls, also arrive, consisting of Rizzo, Frenchy, Marty, and Jan. After her parents not to return to Australia, Sandy enrolls at Rydell and is befriended by Frenchy. Unaware of each others presence at Rydell, Danny and Sandy tell their respective groups the accounts of events during the brief romance. Sandys version emphasizes the romance of the affair, while Dannys version is more sexual. When Sandy finally says Dannys name, Rizzo arranges a reunion for the two, but Danny is forced to maintain his bad-boy attitude in front of his pals, upsetting Sandy. Frenchy invites the girls to a party, but Sandy falls ill from trying a cigarette. As she recovers in the bathroom, Rizzo makes fun of her innocence, the T-Birds almost crash the party in Kenickies Greased Lightning car, but a guilty Danny leaves, followed by Rizzo, who departs to make out with Kenickie, who later becomes her boyfriend. Sandy laments over her feelings towards Danny, despite his earlier behavior, the two are disturbed by Leo Balmudo, leader of the T-Birds rival gang, the Scorpions, and his girlfriend Cha-Cha, leading to a planned car race between Leo and Kenickie. Kenickie purchases an old car and the group repair it. In an attempt to impress Sandy, Danny turns to Coach Calhoun to get into sports and he reunites with Sandy and they attempt to go on a date, but their friends crash it, resulting in Kenickie and Rizzo arguing and parting. Left alone, Frenchy is visited by an angel who advises her to return to school after a mishap in beauty class leaves her with bubblegum-pink hair. The school dance arrives, broadcast live on television and hosted by DJ Vince Fontaine, Rizzo and Kenickie attempt to spite one another by bringing Leo and Cha-Cha as their dates, while Danny and Sandy arrive together. Danny and Sandy dance well and are expected to win, Danny and Cha-Cha end up performing together and winning
25.
Star Trek
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Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series, debuted in 1966 and it followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise, an exploration vessel. The Star Trek canon of the franchise include The Original Series, a series, four spin-off television series, its film franchise. In creating Star Trek, Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels, the satirical book Gullivers Travels and these adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek, The Animated Series and six feature films. The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four feature films. In 2009, the franchise underwent a reboot set in an alternate timeline, or Kelvin Timeline. This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the show, their adventures were continued in the sequel film. The thirteenth film feature and sequel, Star Trek Beyond, was released to coincide with the franchises 50th anniversary, a new Star Trek TV series, titled Star Trek, Discovery, will premiere in May 2017 on the digital platform CBS All Access. Star Trek has been a phenomenon for decades. Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers, the franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games, figurines, novels, toys, and comics. Star Trek had an attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998. At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world, the series has its own full-fledged constructed language, Klingon. Several parodies have been made of Star Trek, in addition, viewers have produced several fan productions. As of July 2016, the franchise had generated $10 billion in revenue, Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction. The franchise is also noted for its civil rights stances. The Original Series included one of televisions first multiracial casts, Star Trek references can be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park. As early as 1964, Gene Roddenberry drafted a proposal for the series that would become Star Trek
26.
Ordinary People
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Ordinary People is a 1980 American drama film that marked the directorial debut of actor Robert Redford. The film stars Donald Sutherland, Mary Tyler Moore, Judd Hirsch, the story concerns the disintegration of an upper-middle class family in Lake Forest, Illinois, following the death of one of their sons in a boating accident. The screenplay by Alvin Sargent was based upon the 1976 novel Ordinary People by Judith Guest, the film received six Academy Award nominations and won four, the Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Director for Redford, Adapted Screenplay for Sargent, and Supporting Actor for Hutton. In addition, it won five Golden Globes, Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Actress in a Drama, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Screenplay. The Jarretts are a family in suburban Chicago trying to return to normal life after the death of one teenaged son. Conrad has recently returned home from a stay in a psychiatric hospital. He feels alienated from his friends and family and begins seeing a psychiatrist, Berger learns that Conrad was involved in a sailing accident in which his older brother, Buck, whom everyone idolized, died. Conrad now deals with post-traumatic stress disorder and survivors guilt, Conrads father, Calvin, awkwardly tries to connect with his surviving son and understand his wife. Conrads mother, Beth, denies her loss, hoping to maintain her composure and restore her family to what it once was and she appears to have loved her older son more, and because of the suicide attempt, has grown cold toward Conrad. She is determined to maintain the appearance of perfection and normality, Conrad works with Dr. Berger and learns to try to deal with, rather than control, his emotions. He starts dating a student, Jeannine, who helps him to begin to regain a sense of optimism. Conrad, however, still struggles to communicate and re-establish a normal relationship with his parents and schoolmates, including Stillman and he cannot seem to allow anyone, especially Beth, to get close. Beth makes several constrained attempts to appeal to Conrad for some semblance of normality and she is consistently more interested in getting back to normal than in helping her son heal. Mother and son often argue while Calvin tries to referee, generally taking Conrads side for fear of pushing him over the edge again. Things come to a climax near Christmas, when Conrad becomes furious at Beth for not wanting to take a photo with him, afterward, Beth discovers Conrad has been lying about his after-school whereabouts. This leads to an argument between Conrad and Beth in which Conrad points out that Beth never visited him in the hospital. Beth replies, Buck never would have been in the hospital, Beth and Calvin take a trip to see Beth’s brother in Houston, where Calvin confronts Beth, calling her out on her attitude. Conrad suffers a setback when he learns that Karen, a friend of his from the hospital, has committed suicide
27.
Raiders of the Lost Ark
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Raiders of the Lost Ark is a 1981 American action adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, with a screenplay written by Lawrence Kasdan, from a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman. It was produced by Frank Marshall for Lucasfilm Ltd. with Lucas, starring Harrison Ford, it was the first installment in the Indiana Jones film franchise to be released, though it is the second in internal chronological order. It pits Indiana Jones against a group of Nazis who are searching for the Ark of the Covenant, the film originated from Lucas desire to create a modern version of the serials of the 1930s and 1940s. Production was based at Elstree Studios, England, but filming took place in La Rochelle, France, Tunisia, Hawaii. Released on June 12,1981, Raiders of the Lost Ark became the years top-grossing film, in 1999, the film was included in the U. S. Library of Congress National Film Registry as having been deemed culturally, historically, Raiders of the Lost Ark is often ranked as one of the greatest films of all time, both in the action-adventure genre, and in general. The film also ranks #2 on Empires 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time, in 1936, archaeologist Indiana Jones braves an ancient booby-trapped temple in Peru and retrieves a golden idol. He is confronted by rival archaeologist René Belloq and the indigenous Hovito people, surrounded and outnumbered, Indy surrenders the idol to Belloq and escapes aboard a waiting floatplane. Jones returns to his position at Marshall College, where he is interviewed by two Army Intelligence agents. They inform him that the Nazis are searching for his old mentor, Abner Ravenwood, the Staff of Ra is the key to finding the Well of Souls, a secret chamber in which the Ark is buried. The agents authorize Jones to recover the Ark to prevent the Nazis from obtaining it and he travels to Nepal and discovers that Abner has died, and the headpiece is in the possession of Ravenwoods daughter Marion. Jones visits Marion at her tavern, where she reveals her feelings toward him from a previous romantic affair. She physically rebuffs his offer to buy the headpiece, and Jones leaves, shortly after, a group of thugs arrive with their Nazi commander, Arnold Toht. Indy and Marion escape with the headpiece, and Marion decides to accompany Indy in his search for the Ark so he can repay his debt to her, the pair travels to Cairo, where they meet up with Indys friend Sallah, a skilled excavator. Sallah informs them that Belloq and the Nazis are digging for the Well of Souls with a replica of the headpiece and they quickly realize the Nazi headpiece is incomplete and that the Nazis are digging in the wrong place. The Nazis kidnap Marion and it appears to Jones that she is killed in an exploding truck, after a confrontation with Belloq in a local bar, Indy and Sallah infiltrate the Nazi dig site and use their staff to correctly locate the Ark. Indy discovers Marion is alive, bound and gagged in a tent, Indy, Sallah, and a small group of diggers unearth the Well of Souls and acquire the Ark. Belloq and Nazi officer Colonel Dietrich arrive, seize the Ark from Jones, Jones and Marion escape to a local airstrip, where Jones has a fistfight with a Nazi mechanic and destroys the flying wing that was to transport the Ark to Berlin
28.
An Officer and a Gentleman
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It tells the story of Zack, a U. S. Navy Aviation Officer Candidate who is beginning his training at Aviation Officer Candidate School. The film was written by Douglas Day Stewart and directed by Taylor Hackford and its title is an old expression from the British Royal Navy and later from the U. S. Uniform Code of Military Justices charge of conduct unbecoming an Officer, the film was commercially released in the U. S. on August 13,1982. It was well received by critics, with a number calling it the best film of 1982 and it also was a financial success, grossing $130 million against a $6 million budget. Zachary Zack Mayo is preparing to report to Aviation Officer Candidate School, as he is doing so, he has brief flashbacks of his childhood. After the death of his mother, an adolescent Zack was sent to live with his only living relative, his father Byron Mayo. The elder Mayo, a Navy Chief Petty Officer/Chief Boatswains Mate, when Zack said he needed help, Byron said he did not ask to get married nor be a father, because he is always out on sea all the time. But seeing the look on his face, he decide to let him stay with him, mostly Zack became a Navy brat and travelled with his father. The flashbacks advance to the present, where Zack has just graduated from college, Byron, who hates officers, tells Zack that his dream of becoming an officer is as unrealistic as hoping to become President. Upon arrival at AOCS, Zack and his fellow AOCs are shocked by the treatment they receive from their head drill instructor. Foley warns the male candidates about the Puget Sound Debs—young women in the area who dream of marrying a Naval Aviator to escape their dull, local lives. Foley claims they scout the regiment for OCs, and will feign pregnancy or even stop using birth control to become pregnant to trap the men, Zack becomes friends with fellow candidates Sid Worley, Emiliano Della Serra, Lionel Perryman, and Casey Seeger. Zack and Sid meet two local young women—factory workers—at a Navy Ball, Zack begins a romantic relationship with Paula Pokrifki and Sid with Lynette Pomeroy. Foley rides Zack mercilessly, believing he lacks motivation and is not a team player, when Zacks side business of selling pre-shined shoes and belt buckles is discovered, Foley hazes him for a weekend in an attempt to make him DOR, but Zack refuses. Foley states Zack will be declared unfit, which frightens Zack into admitting he has no options in civilian life, henceforth, Zack starts behaving like a team player. Zack and Paula spend the weekend together and she takes him home for dinner to meet her family. Her stepfather behaves strangely, and when Zack asks why, she shows him an old picture of her biological father and he was an AOC who had an affair with her mother, but deserted her following his commissioning and refused to marry her when she became pregnant with Paula. Zack is close to breaking the time for negotiating the obstacle course
29.
Flashdance
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Flashdance is a 1983 American romantic drama film directed by Adrian Lyne. Flashdance opened to reviews by professional critics, but was a surprise box office success. It had a worldwide gross of more than $100 million. Its soundtrack spawned several hit songs, including Maniac, and the Academy Award–winning Flashdance, what a Feeling, which was written for the film. Alexandra Alex Owens is a welder at a steel mill in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Although she aspires to become a dancer, she has no formal dance training, and works as a burlesque dancer by night at Mawbys. Lacking family, Alex forms bonds with her coworkers at Mawbys, Jeanie, a waitress, is training to be a figure skater, while her boyfriend, short-order cook Richie, wishes to become a stand up comic. One night, Alex catches the eye of customer Nick Hurley, after learning that Alex is one of his employees, Nick begins to pursue her on the job, though Alex turns down his advances at first. Alex is also approached by Johnny C. who wants Alex to dance at his strip club. After seeking counsel from her mentor Hanna Long, a ballerina, Alex attempts to apply to the Pittsburgh Conservatory of Dance. Alex becomes intimidated by the scope of the process, which includes listing all prior dance experience and education. Leaving Mawbys one evening, Richie and Alex are assaulted by Johnny C. and his bodyguard, Nick intervenes, and after taking Alex home, the two begin a relationship. At a skating competition in which she is competing, Jeanie falls twice during her performance, finding out that she is dancing nude, Alex drags her out while she protests and cries. Alex and Nick reconcile, and she gains the courage to apply for entrance to the Conservatory, Nick uses his connections with the arts council to get Alex an audition. Alex is furious with Nick, since she did not get the opportunity based on her own merit, seeing the results of others failed dreams and after the sudden death of Hanna, Alex becomes despondent about her future, but finally decides to go through with the audition. The board responds favorably, and Alex is seen emerging from the Conservatory to find Nick. What a Feeling was performed by Irene Cara, who sang the title song for the similar 1980 film Fame. What a Feeling was composed by Giorgio Moroder, and the lyrics were written by Cara, the song won an Academy Award for Best Original Song, as well as a Golden Globe and numerous other awards
30.
Terms of Endearment
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The film covers 30 years of the relationship between Aurora Greenway and her daughter Emma. The film received eleven Academy Award nominations and won five, brooks won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Writing while MacLaine won the Academy Award for Best Actress and Nicholson won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In addition, it won four Golden Globes, Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress in a Drama, Best Supporting Actor, Aurora Greenway and Emma Greenway-Horton are mother and daughter searching for love. Beginning with Emmas marriage, Aurora reveals how difficult and caring she can be, the film centers around several years as they both find their reasons for going on living and finding joy. Aurora finds Garrett Breedlove, the retired astronaut next door, the relationship between Emma and Aurora comes full circle when Emma is diagnosed with cancer that soon becomes terminal. At films end, they all show different ways of expressing love, there are no awards in Hollywood for being an idiot, Reynolds later said of the decision. The exterior shots of Auroras home were filmed at 3060 Locke Lane, Houston, larry McMurtry, writer of the novel on which the screenplay was based, had received his M. A. at Rice University, a mere three miles from the home. The exterior shots of locations intended to be in Des Moines, Iowa, Kearney, Nebraska, many scenes were filmed on or near the campus of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. During filming in Lincoln, Debra Winger met the then-governor of Nebraska, Bob Kerrey, MacLaine and Winger did not get along with each other during production. MacLaine confirmed in an interview that it was a tough shoot. Chaotic. Likes working with tension on the set, on working with Nicholson, MacLaine said working with Jack Nicholson was crazy but that his spontaneity may have contributed to her performance. She also said, Were like old smoothies working together and you know the old smoothies they used to show whenever you went to the Ice Follies. They would have this elderly man and woman--who at that time were 40--and they had a bit too much weight around the waist and were moving a little slower. But they danced so elegantly and so in synch with each other that the audience just laid back, thats the way it is working with Jack. We both know what the other is going to do, and we dont socialize or anything. Its an amazing chemistry--a wonderful, wonderful feeling, Terms of Endearment was commercially successful. On its opening weekend, it grossed $3.4 million ranking number two until its second weekend when it grossed $3.1 million ranking #1 at the box office, three weekends later, it arrived number one again with $9,000,000 having wide release. For four weekends, it remained number one at the box office until slipping to number two on its tenth weekend, on the films 11th weekend, it arrived number one grossing $3,000,000
31.
Beverly Hills Cop
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Judge Reinhold, John Ashton, Ronny Cox, Lisa Eilbacher, Steven Berkoff and Jonathan Banks appear in supporting roles. It earned $234 million at the North American domestic box office and his boss Inspector Douglas Todd reprimands Axel for his behavior and threatens to fire him unless he changes his ways on the force. Axel arrives at his apartment to find it has broken into by his childhood friend. Mikey did time in prison, but ended up working as a security guard in Beverly Hills, thanks to a mutual friend, Mikey shows Axel some German bearer bonds and Axel wonders how he got them, but chooses not to question him about it. After going out to a bar, they return to Axels apartment, where two men knock Axel unconscious and then confront Mikey about the bonds, assault him. Axel asks to investigate Mikeys murder, but Inspector Todd refuses to allow it because of his ties to Mikey. Axel uses the guise of taking time to head to Beverly Hills to solve the crime. He finds Jenny working in an art gallery and learns about Mikeys ties to Victor Maitland, posing as a flower deliveryman, Axel goes to Maitlands office and tries to question him about Mikey, but is thrown through a window by Maitlands bodyguards and arrested. At the police station, Lieutenant Andrew Bogomil assigns Sergeant John Taggart, after a series of encounters, including the trios foiling of a robbery in a striptease bar, the three develop a mutual respect. On the trail of Mikeys killers, Axel sneaks into one of Maitlands warehouses, where he finds coffee grounds and he also discovers that many of Maitlands crates have not gone through customs. After being arrested again, this time after a scuffle at Maitlands country club, Police Chief Hubbard, who has learned of Axels ill-advised investigative actions, orders that Axel be escorted out of town. However, Axel convinces Rosewood to pick up Jenny instead and take her with them to Maitlands warehouse, Axel and Jenny break into the warehouse and discover several bags of cocaine inside a crate. Before Axel can get this new evidence to Rosewood, Maitland. Maitland takes Jenny and leaves Axel to be killed, but after some hesitation, Rosewood enters the warehouse, Taggart tracks Axel and Rosewood to Maitlands estate, where he joins the two in their efforts to rescue Jenny and bring Maitland to justice. After wiping out most of Maitlands men, Axel kills Maitlands right-hand man Zack, with Bogomils help, Axel fatally shoots Maitland and rescues Jenny. Bogomil fabricates a story to Hubbard that covers for all the participants without discrediting the Beverly Hills Police force, realizing that he will be fired in Detroit, Axel asks Bogomil to speak to Inspector Todd and smooth things over for him. Later, Taggart and Rosewood meet Axel as he out of his hotel. Axel invites them to him for a farewell drink
32.
Footloose (1984 film)
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Footloose is a 1984 American musical drama film directed by Herbert Ross. It tells the story of Ren McCormack, an upbeat Chicago teen who moves to a town in which, as a result of the efforts of a local minister, dancing. The film is based on events that took place in the small, rural. Ren McCormack, a raised in Chicago, moves with his mother to the small town of Bomont to live with his aunt. Soon after arriving, Ren befriends Willard Hewitt, and from him learns the city council has banned dancing and rock music. He soon begins to fall for a teenage girl named Ariel, who has an abusive boyfriend, Chuck Cranston, and a strict father, Shaw Moore. After trading insults with Chuck, Ren is challenged to a game of chicken involving tractors, Ren wins when his shoelace becomes stuck and prevents him from jumping from the tractor. Rev. Moore distrusts Ren, and he grounds Ariel, forbidding her to see him, Ren and his classmates want to do away with the no-dancing law and have a senior prom. Later, Ren teaches Willard to dance, although Reverend Moore is moved, the council votes against Rens proposal. Vi, Moores wife, is supportive of the movement and explains to Moore that he cannot be everyones father, and she also says that dancing and music are not the problem. Moore feels betrayed that even his wife does not believe in him, however, he has a change of heart after seeing some of the townsfolk burning books that they think are dangerous to the youth of the community. Realizing the situation has gotten out of hand, Moore stops the book-burning, rebukes the book-burners, and sends them home to think about what they are doing. The following Sunday, Moore asks his congregation to pray for the school students putting on a senior prom. Shaw and Vi listen outside, dancing for the first time in years, Chuck and his friends arrive and start a fight with Willard, who with Ren knocks them out. The movie ends with Ren, Ariel, Willard, Rusty, michael Cimino was hired by Paramount to direct the film when negotiations with Ross initially stalled. Tom Cruise and Rob Lowe were both slated to play the lead, the casting directors were impressed with Cruise because of the famous underwear dance sequence in Risky Business, but he was unavailable for the part because he was filming All the Right Moves. Lowe auditioned three times and had dancing ability and the neutral teen look that the wanted. Bacon had been offered the role for the Stephen King movie Christine at the same time that he was asked to do the screen test for Footloose
33.
Happy Days
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Happy Days is an American television sitcom that aired first-run from January 15,1974, to September 24,1984, on ABC, with a total of 255 half-hour episodes spanning over eleven seasons. Created by Garry Marshall, the series presents a vision of life in the mid-1950s to mid-1960s United States. The series was produced by Miller-Milkis Productions and Henderson Productions in association with Paramount Television, Happy Days was one of the highest-rated shows of the 1970s. The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber and Ralph Malph, in later seasons, other characters were introduced including Fonzies young cousin, Charles Chachi Arcola, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. Each of the seasons of the series roughly tracks the eleven years from 1955 to 1965, inclusive. The show is the basis for the Happy Days musical touring the United States since 2008, the leather jacket worn by Winkler during the series was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for the permanent collection at the National Museum of American History. With season four, Al Molinaro was added as Al Delvecchio, Al Molinaro also played Als twin brother Father Anthony Delvecchio, a Catholic priest. Al eventually married Chachis mother and Father Delvecchio served in the wedding of Joanie to Chachi in the series finale, the most major character changes occurred after season five with the addition of Scott Baio as Fonzies cousin, Charles Chachi Arcola. Originally, the character Spike was supposed to be the character who became Chachi, after Ron Howard left the series, Ted McGinley joined the cast as Roger Phillips, the new physical education teacher at Jefferson High and nephew to Howard and Marion. He took over from the departed Richie Cunningham character, acting as counterpoint to Fonzie, both actors were originally credited as guest stars but were promoted to the main cast during season ten after several series regulars left the show. The real focus of the series was now on the Joanie and Chachi characters, and often finding ways to incorporate Fonzie into them as a shoulder to cry on, advice-giver, and savior as needed. Billy Warlock joined the cast in season 10 as Rogers brother Flip and they were intended as replacements for Erin Moran and Scott Baio and were credited as part of the semi-regular cast. Both characters left with the return of Moran and Baio, following the cancellation of Joanie Loves Chachi, Al Molinaro also left Happy Days in season 10 for Joanie Loves Chachi. Pat Morita then returned to the cast as Arnold in his absence, in season 11, the story line of Richie and Lori Beth is given closure with the two-part episode Welcome Home. Richie returns home from the Army, but barely has time to unpack when he learns that his parents have lined up a job interview at the Milwaukee Journal for him. However, they are taken aback when he tells them he prefers to take his chances in California to become a Hollywood screenwriter. They remind him of his responsibilities and while Richie gives in, he becomes angry and discontent, after a confrontation that ends with a conversation with Fonzie, he decides to face his family and declare his intentions. While somewhat reluctant at first, they support him and bid Richie, Lori Beth, Richie Cunningham – The protagonist for the first seven years of the series
34.
Laverne & Shirley
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Laverne & Shirley is an American sitcom that ran on ABC from January 27,1976, to May 10,1983. It starred Penny Marshall as Laverne DeFazio and Cindy Williams as Shirley Feeney, the show was a spin-off from Happy Days, as the two lead characters were originally introduced on that series as acquaintances of Fonzie. Set in roughly the time period, the timeline started in approximately 1958, when the series began, through 1967. As with Happy Days, it was made by Paramount Television, created by Garry Marshall, and executive produced by Garry Marshall, Edward K. Milkis, and Thomas L. Miller. At the start of episode, Laverne and Shirley are skipping down a Milwaukee street, arm in arm. Hasenpfeffer Incorporated, which leads into the series theme song titled Making Our Dreams Come True. The hopscotch chant is from Penny Marshalls childhood, in seasons six and seven, the intro features Laverne and Shirley exiting their apartment building, but still reciting their original chant, and then a re-recorded version of the theme song is played. During the final season, it opens with a group of performing the chant. For the first five seasons, from 1976 to 1980, the show was set in Milwaukee, also included in the show are Lavernes father, Frank DeFazio, proprietor of the Pizza Bowl, and Edna Babish, the apartment buildings landlady, who would later marry Frank. Shirley maintained an off-again on-again romance with dancer/singer/boxer Carmine Ragusa, during this period, characters from Happy Days and Laverne & Shirley would make occasional guest appearances on each others shows. During the fifth season, the girls went into the Army, Michael McKean and David Lander created the characters of Lenny and Squiggy while both were theater students at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Lander told an interviewer in 2006 that they created the characters high on marijuana. After graduating, they continued to perform the characters in comedy routines before joining the shows cast. For the fifth season in 1980, Laverne and Shirley and their friends all moved from Milwaukee to Burbank, the girls took jobs at a department store, Frank and Edna managed a Texas BBQ restaurant, and Carmine delivered singing telegrams and sought work as an actor. From this point until the end of the run, Laverne & Shirley was set in the mid-1960s. In one of the shots in the new opening sequence. With each season, a new year passed in the timeline of the show, starting with 1965 in the 1980–81 season, in March 1982, Cindy Williams became pregnant with her first child. In May, Williams and her manager-husband Bill Hudson presented a list of demands to accommodate her pregnancy and pending child birth, in August, two episodes into production of the series eighth season, Williams left the show and filed a $20 million lawsuit against Paramount
35.
Cheers
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Cheers is an American sitcom that ran on NBC from September 30,1982 to May 20,1993, with a total of 270 half-hour episodes spanning over eleven seasons. The show was produced by Charles/Burrows/Charles Productions in association with Paramount Network Television, the show was created by the team of James Burrows, Glen Charles, and Les Charles. The show is set in a bar named Cheers in Boston, Massachusetts, where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, the shows main theme song, written and performed by Gary Portnoy lent its famous refrain Where Everybody Knows Your Name as the shows tagline. After premiering on September 30,1982, it was canceled during its first season when it ranked almost last in ratings for its premiere. Cheers, however, eventually became a highly rated show in the United States, earning a top-ten rating during eight of its eleven seasons. The show spent most of its run on NBCs Thursday night Must See TV lineup and its widely watched series finale was broadcast on May 20,1993, and the shows 270 episodes have been successfully syndicated worldwide. Nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series for all eleven of its seasons on the air, the character Frasier Crane was featured in his eponymous spin-off show, which aired until 2004 and included guest appearances by virtually all of the major and minor Cheers characters. During its run, Cheers became one of the most popular series of all time and has received critical acclaim. In 1997, the episodes Thanksgiving Orphans and Home Is the Sailor, aired originally in 1987, were respectively ranked No.7, in 2002, Cheers was ranked No.18 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it as the eighth best written TV series, before the Cheers pilot Give Me a Ring Sometime was completed and aired in 1982, the series originally consisted of four employees in the first script. Neither Norm Peterson nor Cliff Clavin, regular customers of Cheers, were featured, in later years, Woody Boyd replaces Coach, who dies off-screen in season four to account for actor Nicholas Colasantos death. Frasier Crane starts as a character and becomes a permanent character. In season six, they added a new character Rebecca Howe, Lilith Sternin starts as a one-time character in an episode of season four, Second Time Around. After she appears in two episodes in five, she becomes a recurring character, and later featured as a permanent one for season ten. Ted Danson portrays Sam Malone, a bartender and an owner of Cheers, before the series began, he was a baseball relief pitcher for the Boston Red Sox nicknamed Mayday Malone until he became an alcoholic, harming his career. He has an on-again, off-again relationship with Diane Chambers, his class opposite, during their off-times, Sam has flings with many not-so-bright sexy women, yet fails to pursue a meaningful relationship and fails to seduce other women, such as intellectuals. After Diane is written out of the series, he tries to pursue Rebecca Howe, at the end of the series, he is still unmarried and recovering from sexual addiction with a help of Dr. Robert Suttons group meetings, advised by Frasier. Shelley Long portrays Diane Chambers, an academic, sophisticated graduate student, in the pilot Diane is abandoned by her fiancé, leaving her without a job, a man, or money
36.
Family Ties
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Family Ties is an American sitcom that aired on NBC for seven seasons, premiering on September 22,1982, and concluding on May 14,1989. The series, created by Gary David Goldberg, reflected the move in the United States from the liberalism of the 1960s and 1970s to the conservatism of the 1980s. This was particularly expressed through the relationship between young Republican Alex P. Keaton and his parents, Steven and Elyse Keaton. The show won awards, including three consecutive Emmy Awards for Michael J. Fox as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. Married in 1964, Elyse is an independent architect and Steven, a native of Buffalo, New York, is the manager of WKS. Mallory was also presented as an airhead, who was fodder for jokes. Jennifer, a tomboy and the youngest child, shares more the values of her parents. Steven and Elyse had a child, Andrew, who was born in early 1985. Andy is the youngest, on whom Alex doted and quickly molded in his conservative image, meredith Baxter-Birney as Elyse Keaton Michael Gross as Steven Keaton Michael J. Fox as Alex P. Originally, Elyse and Steven were intended to be the main characters, however, the audience reacted so positively to Alex during the taping of the fourth episode that he became the focus on the show. Fox had received the role after Matthew Broderick turned it down, supporting cast and characters includes neighbor Irwin Skippy Handelman, Mallorys Sylvester Stallone-esque boyfriend artist Nick Moore, and Alexs feminist artist girlfriend Ellen Reed. In season 3, episode 17, Elyse gave birth to her fourth child, bewitched actor Dick Sargent guest-starred as Elyses father Charlie in Season 1. A number of Hollywood stars appeared on the show before they were famous or during the years of their careers. A Jane Adams played Marty Broadie in two 7th-season episodes, They Cant Take That Away from Me, Part 1 and They Cant Take That Away from Me, christina Applegate played Kitten, a member of Jennifers band, on the episode Band on the Run. Hank Azaria played a co-worker of Mallorys in the season 7 episode Designing Women, timothy Busfield played Doug in two 1984 episodes, and Young Matt in a 1986 episode. C Jeff Cohen played two different characters, Marv Jr. on the episode The Visit, and Dougie Barker on the episode 4 Rms Ocn Vu, james Cromwell played John Hancock in the 3rd-season episode Philadelphia Story. D Geena Davis portrayed inept housekeeper Karen, F David Faustino played Keith Bailey the son of a divorced family friend who was taken away from his mother by his father in the episode To Snatch a Keith. Corey Feldman played a 7th grade classmate of Jennifer who was a nominee to win the Thomas Dewey best student achievement award on the episode The Disciple, G Crispin Glover played one of Alexs friends on the episode Birthday Boy
37.
Walt Disney
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Walter Elias Walt Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons, as a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors, several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Born in Chicago in 1901, Disney developed an early interest in drawing and he took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial illustrator at the age of 18. He moved to California in the early 1920s and set up the Disney Brothers Studio with his brother Roy, with Ub Iwerks, Walt developed the character Mickey Mouse in 1928, his first highly popular success, he also provided the voice for his creation in the early years. As the studio grew, Disney became more adventurous, introducing synchronized sound, full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons, the results, seen in features such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, Pinocchio, Dumbo and Bambi, furthered the development of animated film. New animated and live-action films followed after World War II, including the critically successful Cinderella and Mary Poppins, in the 1950s, Disney expanded into the amusement park industry, and in 1955 he opened Disneyland. In 1965, he began development of theme park, Disney World, the heart of which was to be a new type of city. Disney was a smoker throughout his life, and died of lung cancer in December 1966 before either the park or the EPCOT project were completed. Disney was a shy, self-deprecating and insecure man in private and he had high standards and high expectations of those with whom he worked. Although there have been accusations that he was racist or anti-semitic and his reputation changed in the years after his death, from a purveyor of homely patriotic values to a representative of American imperialism. Nevertheless, Disney is considered an icon, particularly in the United States. Walt Disney was born on December 5,1901, at 1249 Tripp Avenue and he was the fourth son of Elias Disney—born in the Province of Canada, to Irish parents—and Flora, an American of German and English descent. Aside from Disney, Elias and Calls sons were Herbert, Raymond and Roy, in 1906, when Disney was four, the family moved to a farm in Marceline, Missouri, where his uncle Robert had just purchased land. In Marceline, Disney developed his interest in drawing when he was paid to draw the horse of a neighborhood doctor. Elias was a subscriber to the Appeal to Reason newspaper, Disney also began to develop an ability to work with watercolors and crayons. He lived near the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway line and he and his younger sister Ruth started school at the same time at the Park School in Marceline in late 1909. In 1911, the Disneys moved to Kansas City, Missouri, before long, he was spending more time at the Pfeiffers house than at home
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Roy E. Disney
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Roy Edward Disney, KCSG was a longtime senior executive for The Walt Disney Company, which his father, Roy Oliver Disney, and his uncle Walt Disney founded. At the time of his death he was a shareholder, and served as a consultant for the company and he is perhaps best known for organizing the ousting of two top Disney executives, first, Ron Miller in 1984, and then Michael Eisner in 2005. As the last member of the Disney family to be involved in the company, Roy Disney was often compared to his uncle. In 2006, Forbes magazine estimated his fortune at about $1.2 billion. Disney was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of Edna and Roy Oliver Disney and he graduated from Pomona College in 1951 and first began working for Walt Disney Productions as an assistant director and producer. He continued until 1967 when he was elected to the Board of Directors of the company, Roy Disney resigned as an executive from Walt Disney Productions in 1977 due to disagreements with corporate decisions then. As he claimed later, I just felt creatively the company was not going anywhere interesting and he retained a seat on the board of directors. Roy soon returned to the company as vice-chairman of the board of directors and chairman of the animation department, the Lion King, for instance, garnered nearly $1 billion since its release in the summer of 1994 and was the second highest-grossing film of the year. There was, however, a decline in profits starting at the end of the decade as Disney expanded into lower-grossing though profitable direct-to-video spin-offs. Roy was concerned about Jeffrey Katzenberg taking too much credit for the success of Disneys early 1990s releases, when Frank Wells died in a helicopter crash in 1994, Michael Eisner refused to promote Katzenberg to the vacated position of president. Tensions between Katzenberg, Eisner and Disney resulted in Katzenberg being forced to resign from the company that October, Katzenberg launched a lawsuit against Disney to recover money he felt he was owed and settled out of court for an estimated $250 million. Roy Disneys pet project was the film Fantasia 2000, a sequel to the 1940 animated movie Fantasia produced by his uncle Walt Disney, Walt Disney had planned a sequel to the original movie but it was never made. Roy decided to make this sequel, and he was the executive producer of the film that took nine years to produce and was finally released on December 17,1999. Like its predecessor, the film combined high-quality contemporary animation and classical music, however, it was not, like the original, after a struggle with CEO Michael Eisner, Roy Disneys influence began to wane as more executives friendly to Eisner were appointed to high posts. After his resignation, Disney helped establish the website SaveDisney. com, intended to oust Michael Eisner and his supporters from their positions and revamp the Walt Disney Company. This vigorous opposition, unusual in major corporations, persuaded Disneys board to strip Eisner of his chairmanship. The board did not give Eisners detractors what they really wanted, Roy Disneys campaign regarded Mitchell himself unfavorably, 25% of shareholders opposed Mitchells re-election to the board in the same election. On July 8, Roy and the Walt Disney Company, then still nominally headed by Eisner but, in fact, run by Eisners long-time lieutenant, Bob Iger, Roy rejoined the Walt Disney Company as a non-voting Director Emeritus and consultant
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Frank Wells
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Franklin G. Frank Wells was an American businessman who served as President of the Walt Disney Company from 1984 until his death in 1994. He was also a 1953 recipient of a Rhodes Scholarship, through which he obtained his BA at Oxford University, Wells was born in Coronado, California. Before his tenure with Disney, Wells had worked for Warner Bros. as its Vice President of West Coast in 1969, then in 1973 as President, and in 1977 as Vice Chairman until he left the company in 1982. Only Everest eluded him, as bad weather forced his party to give up one day,3000 feet before reaching the summit. His partner in the Seven Summits attempt, Dick Bass, an entrepreneur who developed Snowbird ski resort in Utah, made it up all seven peaks, Wells died in a helicopter crash on Easter 1994 while returning from a ski trip in Nevadas Ruby Mountains. He was a friend of Clint Eastwood, who had been skiing with Wells that weekend. Eastwood left in his own helicopter just an hour before Wells departure, Wells was buried in Forest Lawn - Hollywood Hills Cemetery. Eastwood sang a tribute of the Beatles Hey Jude to him, NTSB Report on the helicopter crash Frank Wells at Find a Grave
