1.
Park Row Building
–
The Park Row Building is a building on Park Row bordering TriBeCa and the Financial District of the New York City borough of Manhattan also known as 15 Park Row. The building was designed by R. H. Robertson, a pioneer in steel skyscraper design, in 1999, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the Park Row Building a landmark. For this reason the building was known as the Ivins Syndicate Building. At 391 feet, it was the tallest commercial building in the world from 1899 until 1908, the building is 29 stories tall, with 26 full floors and two, three-story cupolas. It has a frontage of 103 ft on Park Row,23 on Ann Street and 48 feet on Theater Alley, the base of the building covers a land area of approximately 15,000 square feet. The building contains about 8,000 tons of steel and 12,000 tons of material, chiefly brick. The foundation of the Park Row Building was made of 3,900 Georgia spruce piles driven into wet sand, the total cost to build this early skyscraper was $2,400,000. The building offered 950 separate offices, each with a capacity of about 4 people, a rough estimate of 25,000 people were thought to have passed through the building each workday. Upon completion, approximately 4,000 people worked there, by mid-1899, the building was owned by the investment banker and subway sponsor August Belmont, Jr. under the name Park Row Realty Company. The first headquarters of the Interborough Rapid Transit subway were located in the building, the overall public was impressed with the structure, many in awe of its height and mammoth proportions. With essentially no comparable structures against which to measure the strengths and weaknesses. In a 1908 article in The New York Times, a French architect, Augustin-Adolphe Rey, critic Jean Schopfer called the building detestable. The building did have admirers, including the photographers Alvin Langdon Coburn, Sheeler included the building in the short documentary film he made with Paul Strand, Manhatta. On May 3,1920, the defenestration of Andrea Salsedo occurred from the floor of 15 Park Row at 4,20 am. They were held at 15 Park Row for 8 weeks with limited external communication, the night of May 3, Salsedo fell from the 14th floor, the anarchists claim he was thrown, the police claim he jumped. By 2000, plans were developed for a gut renovation of the entire structure and it included converting all floors above the 11th into 210 rental apartments, at a cost of over $30 million. All floors below the 11th were to remain commercial, by 2002 initial renovations and residential conversions were completed. Until 2014, floors 2 through 8 were partially occupied by J&R Music World, residential units currently occupy floors 3 to 26
Park Row Building
–
Park Row Building
Park Row Building
–
From the December 24, 1898 issue of
Scientific American
Park Row Building
–
Elevators
2.
Milwaukee
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Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigans western shore, Milwaukees estimated population in 2015 was 600,155. Milwaukee is the cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 2,046,692 as of 2015. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States, the first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, large numbers of German immigrants helped increase the citys population during the 1840s, with Poles and other immigrants arriving in the following decades. Known for its traditions, Milwaukee is currently experiencing its largest construction boom since the 1960s. In addition, many new skyscrapers, condos, lofts and apartments have been built in neighborhoods on and near the lakefront, the word Milwaukee may come from the Potawatomi language minwaking, or Ojibwe language ominowakiing, Gathering place. The first recorded inhabitants of the Milwaukee area are the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe, many of these people had lived around Green Bay before migrating to the Milwaukee area around the time of European contact. In the second half of the 18th century, the Indians at Milwaukee played a role in all the wars on the American continent. During the French and Indian War, a group of Ojibwas, in the American Revolutionary War, the Indians around Milwaukee were some of the few Indians who remained loyal to the American cause throughout the Revolution. After American independence, the Indians fought the United States in the Northwest Indian War as part of the Council of Three Fires, during the War of 1812, Indians held a council in Milwaukee in June 1812, which resulted in their decision to attack Chicago. This resulted in the Battle of Fort Dearborn on August 15,1812, the War of 1812 did not end well for the Indians, and after the Black Hawk War in 1832, the Indians in Milwaukee signed their final treaty with the United States in Chicago in 1833. This paved the way for American settlement, Europeans had arrived in the Milwaukee area prior to the 1833 Treaty of Chicago. French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries, alexis Laframboise, in 1785, coming from Michilimackinac settled a trading post, therefore, he is the first European descent resident of the Milwaukee region. Early explorers called the Milwaukee River and surrounding lands various names, Melleorki, Milwacky, Mahn-a-waukie, Milwarck, for many years, printed records gave the name as Milwaukie. One story of Milwaukees name says, ne day during the thirties of the last century a newspaper calmly changed the name to Milwaukee, the spelling Milwaukie lives on in Milwaukie, Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted. Milwaukee has three founding fathers, Solomon Juneau, Byron Kilbourn, and George H. Walker, Solomon Juneau was the first of the three to come to the area, in 1818. He was not the first European settler but founded a town called Juneaus Side, or Juneautown, in competition with Juneau, Byron Kilbourn established Kilbourntown west of the Milwaukee River and made sure the streets running toward the river did not join with those on the east side
Milwaukee
–
Clockwise from top left:
Milwaukee skyline and
Lake Michigan,
Milwaukee Art Museum,
Milwaukee Central Library,
Allen-Bradley Clock Tower, Marquette Hall at
Marquette University,
Milwaukee City Hall,
Miller Park, and the
Basilica of St. Josaphat.
Milwaukee
–
Statue of
Solomon Juneau, who helped establish the city of Milwaukee
Milwaukee
–
Illustrated map of Milwaukee in 1872
Milwaukee
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Milwaukee's
Lake Front Depot in 1898
3.
Washington Monument
–
It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are measured above their pedestrian entrances. Although the stone structure was completed in 1884, internal ironwork, the knoll, a difference in shading of the marble, visible approximately 150 feet or 27% up, shows where construction was halted and later resumed with marble from a different source. The original design was by Robert Mills, but he did not include his proposed colonnade due to a lack of funds, despite many proposals to embellish the obelisk, only its original flat top was altered to a pointed marble pyramidion, in 1884. Upon completion, it became the worlds tallest structure, a previously held by the Cologne Cathedral. The monument held this designation until 1889, when the Eiffel Tower was completed in Paris, the monument was damaged during the 2011 Virginia earthquake and Hurricane Irene in the same year and remained closed to the public while the structure was assessed and repaired. After 32 months of repairs, the National Park Service and the Trust for the National Mall reopened the Washington Monument to visitors on May 12,2014, as of September 2016, the monument has been closed indefinitely due to reliability issues with the current elevator system. On December 2,2016, the National Park Service announced that the monument would be closed until 2019 in order to modernize the elevator. The $2 to 3 million project will correct the elevators ongoing mechanical, electrical and computer issues, the National Park Service has also requested funding in its FY2017 Presidents Budget Request to construct a permanent screening facility for the Washington Monument. The Washington Monument is expected to re-open to visitors in 2019, even his erstwhile enemy King George III called him the greatest character of the age. At his death in 1799 he left a legacy, he exemplified the core ideals of the American Revolution. Washington was the unchallenged public icon of American military and civic patriotism, starting with victory in the Revolution, there were many proposals to build a monument to Washington. After his death, Congress authorized a memorial in the national capital. The Republicans were dismayed that Washington had become the symbol of the Federalist Party and they also blocked his image on coins or the celebration of his birthday. Further political squabbling, along with the North-South division on the Civil War, by that time, Washington had the image of a national hero who could be celebrated by both North and South, and memorials to him were no longer controversial. As early as 1783, the Continental Congress had resolved That an equestrian statue of George Washington be erected at the place where the residence of Congress shall be established, currently, there are two equestrian statues of President Washington in Washington, D. C. Ten days after Washingtons death, a Congressional committee recommended a different type of monument, John Marshall, a Representative from Virginia proposed that a tomb be erected within the Capitol. Progress toward a memorial began in 1832. That year, which marked the 100th anniversary of Washingtons birth, in 1836, after they had raised $28,000 in donations, they announced a competition for the design of the memorial
Washington Monument
–
(January 2006)
Washington Monument
–
Sketch of the proposed Washington Monument by architect
Robert Mills (circa 1836)
Washington Monument
–
The partially completed monument, photographed by
Mathew Brady; circa 1860
Washington Monument
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P.H. McLaughlin setting the aluminum apex
4.
Philadelphia City Hall
–
Philadelphia City Hall, built in 1901 and located at 1 Penn Square, is the seat of government for the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The building was designed by Scottish-born architect John McArthur, Jr. in the Second Empire style, City Hall was topped off in 1894, although the interior wasnt finished until 1901. Designed to be the worlds tallest building, it was surpassed during construction by the Washington Monument, with almost 700 rooms, City Hall is the largest municipal building in the United States. The building houses three branches of government, playing host to the executive branch, its legislature. The statue is the tallest atop any building in the world, Calder wished the statue to face south so that its face would be lit by the sun most of the day, the better to reveal the details of his work. Beyond Penn Treaty Park is Pennsbury Manor, Penns country home in Bucks County, yet another version for why the statue pointed generally north instead of south is that it was the current architects method of showing displeasure with the style of the work. By 1894, the design was not in the current. Penns statue is hollow, and an access tunnel through it leads to a small hatch atop the hat. The abrogation of this agreement supposedly brought a curse onto local sports teams, during the 1990s, whenever one of Philadelphias four major sports teams was in contention for a championship, the statue was decorated with the jersey or hat of that team. Other architectural features and history The tower features clocks 8 m in diameter on all four sides of the portion of the tower. This clock was designed by Warren Johnson, City Halls observation deck is located directly below the base of the statue, about 152 m above street level. Once enclosed with chain link fence, the deck is now enclosed by glass. It is reached in a 6-person elevator whose glass panels allow visitors to see the wooden superstructure that supports the tower, stairs within the tower are only used for emergency exit. The ornamentation of the tower has been simplified, the huge garlands that festooned the top panels of the tower were removed, in the 1950s, the city fathers investigated tearing down City Hall for a new building elsewhere. They found that the demolition would have bankrupted the city due to the masonry construction. City Hall became a National Historic Landmark in 1976, in 2006, it was also named a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers. City Hall is a fully bearing masonry structure with walls up to 22 feet thick, the principal exterior materials are limestone, granite, and marble. City Hall is topped with a 37 foot tall statue of William Penn, City Hall was the tallest building in Pennsylvania from 1901 until 1932, when it was surpassed by the Gulf Tower in Pittsburgh
Philadelphia City Hall
–
Philadelphia City Hall
Philadelphia City Hall
Philadelphia City Hall
–
William Penn statue atop City Hall tower
Philadelphia City Hall
–
The N. Broad Street arcade leading to the building's courtyard
5.
U.S. Bank Center (Milwaukee)
–
Bank Center is a skyscraper located in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin, noted for being the tallest building in the state of Wisconsin, and the tallest building between Chicago and Minneapolis. Standing 601 feet and 42 stories tall, the building has an area of 1,077,607 sq ft. Topped off August 29,1972, and completed in 1973, the building was designed by Bruce Graham and James DeStefano of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and engineered by Fazlur Rahman Khan. As of 2017, the building is home to the headquarters of Foley & Lardner, Robert W. Baird & Company, Sensient Technologies Corporation, and is the Milwaukee office for U. S. Bank, IBM, KPMG, and CBRE. Plans were initially announced by First Wisconsin National Bank to construct a new building on August 21,1969. Although no architectural designs were complete at the time of its announcement, on March 18,1971, bank officials unveiled the final design as a 42-story, 601-foot skyscraper, encompassing a full block fronting on East Wisconsin Avenue. The building was topped-out on August 29,1972, with the installing of the final 20-foot steel beam atop the tower, along with bank officials, mayor Henry Maier, county executive John Doyne, and Wisconsin governor Patrick Lucey attended the ceremony. Near the end of construction in 1973, two occurred at the work site. In May, a foreman died after being struck by a dump truck, in July, one worker died and four others were injured when a derrick used in installing a 175-pound aluminum panel broke free and fell 41 floors to the ground. The building was occupied on September 4,1973. While still under construction in September 1972, a group of developers responsible for the neighboring Juneau Square development filed suit against First Wisconsin. After several years of litigation, the suit finally went to trial in May 1976, upon appeal, in June 1978 the court ruled in favor of First Wisconsin in clearing the company of all charges. After remaining under the ownership of First Wisconsin since its opening, at the time of the announced sale, Trammell Crow unveiled plans to construct a 50-story tower southeast of the First Wisconsin Center in overtaking it as the states tallest building. The sale was completed in January 1988 with Trammell Crow paying $195 million for the complex, in December 1988, First Wisconsin changed its name to Firstar Corporation as its operations expanded beyond the state of Wisconsin. In May 1992 the First Wisconsin brand was dropped and all banking operations were unified under the name Firstar Bank. As a result, on September 14,1992, the building was renamed the Firstar Center, in 1996, a $1.2 million skywalk was constructed over Van Buren Street to connect the tower with the neighboring Lewis Center. The addition was funded in part by the city of Milwaukee as a development project as Firstar had significant operations in both the tower and neighboring Lewis Center. The following November Star Banc of Cincinnati announced the re-purchase of the tower into company hands for $200 million at the time of their purchase of Firstar
U.S. Bank Center (Milwaukee)
–
View from the lakefront to the northwest.
U.S. Bank Center (Milwaukee)
–
U.S. Bank Center at night
6.
Henry C. Koch
–
Henry C. Koch was a German-American architect based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Born in Hanover in the Kingdom of Hanover, Koch immigrated as a toddler with his family to the United States and his architectural career began at the age of 16 when he worked for early Milwaukee architect, G. W. Mygatt. He enlisted in the Civil War with the 24th Wisconsin Infantry as a private, after the war Koch returned to Milwaukee, where he formed a partnership with Mygatt until 1870, when he started his own firm. One of Kochs most significant works was the 1895 Milwaukee City Hall, Koch designed buildings for the University of Wisconsin. He designed 26 courthouses and more than 120 schools and he married and had two sons, Harry and Armand D. Koch. The latter also became an architect, joining his fathers firm in the 1890s, calvary Presbyterian Church, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,1870 Turner Hall, Milwaukee,1882 Stutsman County Courthouse and Sheriffs Residence/Jail, Jamestown, North Dakota,1883 David W
Henry C. Koch
–
Milwaukee City Hall
7.
Renaissance Revival architecture
–
The divergent forms of Renaissance architecture in different parts of Europe, particularly in France and Italy, has added to the difficulty of defining and recognizing Neo-Renaissance architecture. The movement grew from scientific observations of nature, in human anatomy. Neo-Renaissance architecture is formed by not only the original Italian architecture, in England the Renaissance tended to manifest itself in large square tall houses such as Longleat House. Often these buildings had symmetrical towers which hint at the evolution from medieval fortified architecture and this is particularly evident at Hatfield House built between 1607 and 1611, where medieval towers jostle with a large Italian cupola. If this were not confusing enough, the new Neo-Renaissance then frequently borrowed architectural elements from the succeeding Mannerist period, mannerism and Baroque being two very opposing styles of architecture. Mannerism was exemplified by the Palazzo del Te and Baroque by the Wurzburg Residenz, as a consequence a self-consciously Neo-Renaissance manner first began to appear circa 1840. By 1890 this movement was already in decline, the Hagues Peace Palace completed in 1913, in a heavy French Neo-Renaissance manner was one of the last notable buildings in this style. Charles Barry introduced the Neo-Renaissance to England with his design of the Travellers Club, the style is characterized by original Renaissance motifs, taken from such Quattrocento architects as Alberti. These motifs included rusticated masonry and quoins, windows framed by architraves and doors crowned by pediments, if a building were of several floors the uppermost floor usually had small square windows representing the minor mezzanine floor of the original Renaissance designs. However, the Neo-renaissance style later came to incorporate Romanesque and Baroque features not found in the original Renaissance architecture which was more severe in its design. Like all architectural styles the Neo-Renaissance did not appear overnight fully formed but evolved slowly, one of the very first signs of its emergence was the Würzburg Womens Prison, which was erected in 1809 designed by Peter Speeth. This building foreshadows similar effects in the work of the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson whose work in the Neo-Renaissance style was popular in the USA during the 1880s, richardsons style at the end or the revival era was a severe mix of both Romanesque and Renaissance features. This was exemplified by his Marshall Field Warehouse in Chicago, however, while the beginning of Neo-Renaissance period can be defined by its simplicity and severity, what came between was far more ornate in its design. This period can be defined by some of the opera houses of the Europe, such as Gottfried Sempers Burgtheater in Vienna. This ornate form of the Neo-Renaissance, originating from France, is known as the Second Empire style. By 1875 it had become the style in Europe for all public and bureaucratic buildings. In England, where Sir George Gilbert Scott designed the London Foreign Office in this style between 1860 and 1875, it also incorporated certain Palladian features. In Austria, it was pioneered by such names as Rudolf Eitelberger
Renaissance Revival architecture
–
Schwerin Palace in
Mecklenburg, Germany - Renaissance revival architecture for representation purposes. Completed in 1857.
Renaissance Revival architecture
–
Waddesdon Manor, seat of the
Rothschild family, 1874
Renaissance Revival architecture
–
Mentmore Towers English
Jacobethan Neo-Renaissance completed in 1854, derives motifs from
Wollaton Hall completed in 1588
Renaissance Revival architecture
–
Russia: The façade of the
Vladimir Palace in
Saint Petersburg (1867-1872) redolent of
Alberti 's designs.
8.
Germany
–
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
Germany
–
The
Nebra sky disk is dated to c. 1600 BC.
Germany
–
Flag
Germany
–
Martin Luther (1483–1546) initiated the
Protestant Reformation.
Germany
–
Foundation of the
German Empire in
Versailles, 1871.
Bismarck is at the center in a white uniform.
9.
Hamburg Rathaus
–
The Hamburg Rathaus is the Rathaus—the city hall or town hall—of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany. It is the seat of the government of Hamburg and as such, the Rathaus is located in the Altstadt quarter in the city center, at the Rathausmarkt square, and near the lake Binnenalster and the central station. Constructed from 1886 to 1897, the city hall still houses its original governmental functions with the office of the First Mayor of Hamburg, after the old city hall was destroyed in the great fire of 1842, it took almost 44 years to build a new one. The present building was designed by a group of seven architects, construction started in 1886 and the new city hall was inaugurated in 1897. Its cost was 11 million German gold marks, about €80 million, on October 26,1897 at the official opening ceremony the First Mayor Dr. Johannes Versmann received the key of the city hall. In the postwar period, various heads of state visited Hamburg and its City Hall — among them Emperor Haile Selassie I, the Shahanshah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi in 1955, and in 1965 Queen Elizabeth II. An emotionally moving service of remembrance was held on the market-square for the victims of the North Sea flood of 1962, happier moments were the celebrations of Hamburger SV as German football champions, the last time though in 1983. In 1971 a room in the tower was discovered accidentally during a search for a document fallen behind a filing cabinet. So there is a probability that there are even more rooms than the currently counted 647 rooms, on the outside the architectural style is neo-renaissance, which is abandoned inside for several historical elements. It is one of the few preserved buildings of historicism in Hamburg. The city hall has an area of 17,000 m2, not including the restaurant Ratsweinkeller, now called Parlament. The tower is 112 metres high with 436 steps, the city hall of Hamburg has 647 rooms, six rooms more than Buckingham Palace, on a building area of 5,400 m2. The courtyard is decorated with a Hygieia fountain, Hygieia as the goddess of health and hygiene in Greek mythology and its surrounding figures represents the power and pureness of the water. It was built in remembrance of the epidemic in 1892. The lobby is an area used for concerts and exhibitions. It is open to the public, the emperors hall in the first floor is the second-largest representation hall, named after Wilhelm II and functions as a room for official presentations. The mayors hall was planned as a meeting room. In the room as of 2008 the entry in the citys Golden Book take place, which was done by many including the former German President Paul von Hindenburg
Hamburg Rathaus
–
The City Hall seen across the
Kleine Alster from
Jungfernstieg
Hamburg Rathaus
–
Floor of the parliament in 1897.
Hamburg Rathaus
–
Rathaus tower
Hamburg Rathaus
–
View from the spire of the church of
St. Petri; in the background the church of
St. Michaelis ("Michel").
10.
German people
–
Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history. German is the mother tongue of a substantial majority of ethnic Germans. The English term Germans has historically referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages, before the collapse of communism and the reunification of Germany in 1990, Germans constituted the largest divided nation in Europe by far. Ever since the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire, of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans. Thus, the number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied. Today, people from countries with German-speaking majorities most often subscribe to their own national identities, the German term Deutsche originates from the Old High German word diutisc, referring to the Germanic language of the people. It is not clear how commonly, if at all, the word was used as an ethnonym in Old High German, used as a noun, ein diutscher in the sense of a German emerges in Middle High German, attested from the second half of the 12th century. The Old French term alemans is taken from the name of the Alamanni and it was loaned into Middle English as almains in the early 14th century. The word Dutch is attested in English from the 14th century, denoting continental West Germanic dialects, while in most Romance languages the Germans have been named from the Alamanni, the Old Norse, Finnish and Estonian names for the Germans were taken from that of the Saxons. In Slavic languages, the Germans were given the name of němьci, originally with a meaning foreigner, the English term Germans is only attested from the mid-16th century, based on the classical Latin term Germani used by Julius Caesar and later Tacitus. It gradually replaced Dutch and Almains, the latter becoming mostly obsolete by the early 18th century, the Germans are a Germanic people, who as an ethnicity emerged during the Middle Ages. Originally part of the Holy Roman Empire, around 300 independent German states emerged during its decline after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ending the Thirty Years War and these states eventually formed into modern Germany in the 19th century. The concept of a German ethnicity is linked to Germanic tribes of antiquity in central Europe, the early Germans originated on the North German Plain as well as southern Scandinavia. By the 2nd century BC, the number of Germans was significantly increasing and they began expanding into eastern Europe, during antiquity these Germanic tribes remained separate from each other and did not have writing systems at that time. In the European Iron Age the area that is now Germany was divided into the La Tène horizon in Southern Germany and the Jastorf culture in Northern Germany. By 55 BC, the Germans had reached the Danube river and had either assimilated or otherwise driven out the Celts who had lived there, and had spread west into what is now Belgium and France. Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine, in Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become an influence in the development of a common German identity
German people
German people
–
Germanic Kingdoms in Europe c. 500 AD
German people
–
Extent of
Holy Roman Empire in 972 (red line) and 1035 (red dots) with
Kingdom of Germany marked in blue
German people
–
18 January 1871: The proclamation of the
German Empire in the
Hall of Mirrors of the
Palace of Versailles.
Bismarck appears in white. The Grand Duke of Baden stands beside Wilhelm, leading the cheers. Crown Prince Friedrich, later
Friedrich III, stands on his father's right.
11.
Milwaukee River
–
The Milwaukee River is a river in the state of Wisconsin. It is about 104 miles long, once a locus of industry, the river is now the center of a housing boom. New condos now crowd the downtown and harbor districts of Milwaukee attracting young professionals to the area, the river is also ribboned with parks as it winds through various neighborhoods. Kayaks and fishing boats share the river with party boats, an extensive Riverwalk featuring art displays, boat launches and restaurants lines its banks in downtown Milwaukee. The river begins in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin and flows south past Grafton to downtown Milwaukee, cedar Creek, the Menomonee River and the Kinnickinnic River are the three main tributaries. The Milwaukee River watershed drains 882 square miles in southeastern Wisconsin, including parts of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Washington and Waukesha counties. The Milwaukee River watershed is part of the Lake Michigan subbasin, this subbasin is itself a part of the St. Lawrence River Watershed, the Milwaukee River area was populated by Native Americans in the time before European settlement. Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet navigated from Lake Michigan through the Milwaukee River on their way to the Fox River, the quarrel over the formation of a bridge across the Milwaukee River was a key point in the merging of the three towns into the city of Milwaukee in 1846. The Milwaukee River has numerous movable bridges spanning it, allowing for pedestrian and these bridges include several different types, including bascule and vertical lift bridges. There are also many fixed bridges, as well as several pedestrian-only and these include Gordon, Kern, Lincoln, Pere Marquette, Pleasant Valley, and Riverside Parks in Milwaukee, Kletzsch Park in Glendale, as well as Hubbard Park and Estabrook Park in Shorewood. There are also several dams along the river, the dam in Estabrook Park, Milwaukee County is currently the subject of controversy. Some nearby residents want it rebuilt, the State of Wisconsin and local environmental advocacy groups like the Milwaukee River keepers want it removed
Milwaukee River
–
Dolomite Outcropping in
Estabrook Park,
Shorewood, Wisconsin
Milwaukee River
–
The Milwaukee River frozen over as it is crossed by the Saint Paul Avenue bridge
Milwaukee River
–
The east branch just west of
New Fane
12.
Solomon Juneau
–
Solomon Laurent Juneau, or Laurent-Salomon Juneau, was a fur trader, land speculator, and politician who helped found the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was born in Repentigny, Quebec, Canada to François and his nephew was Joseph Juneau, who founded the city of Juneau, Alaska. After landing at Fort Michilimackinac in 1816, Juneau worked as a clerk in the fur trade before becoming an agent for the American Fur Company in Milwaukee, in 1831, Juneau began learning English and set in motion the naturalization and citizenship process. By 1835, he was selling plots of land in Juneautown and he built Milwaukees first store and first inn, and was recognized for his leadership among newcomers to Milwaukee. In 1837 he started the Milwaukee Sentinel, which would become the oldest continuously operating business in Wisconsin and he was the first mayor of Milwaukee from 1846 until 1847 and its first Postmaster. In 1820, Juneau married Josette, the Metis daughter of Jacques Vieau, Josette was the oldest of 12 children, and was Menominee and French by ancestry. Through her alliances to the tribe, and the relationships fostered through Juneaus business in fur trading, after the treaty of 1848 between the United States and the Menominee, Juneau registered his wife and children as half-breeds of the Menominee Nation. In 1854, Juneau and family relocated to Dodge County, Wisconsin, Josette died there in 1855, Solomon died one year later in Keshena, Wisconsin, on a visit to the Menominee tribe. He died in the arms of Benjamin Hunkins, his faithful friend, six Menominee chiefs served as pallbearers at his funeral. He is buried at Calvary Cemetery, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Juneaus grandson Paul O. Husting would become a member of the United States Senate. The property that is believed to have once been the site of Juneaus residence is now the site of the Mitchell Building, SS Solomon Juneau Juneau Monument Mack, Edwin S. Madison, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Solomon Juneau, a biography with sketches of the Juneau family. Solomon Juneau at Find a Grave Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online Wisconsin Historical Society Josette and Solomon Juneau Urban spelunking, Solomon Juneaus cabin
Solomon Juneau
–
Statue of Juneau in
Juneau Park, Milwaukee
Solomon Juneau
–
The same statue of Juneau in Milwaukee, c. 1890
13.
Diving bell
–
A diving bell is a rigid chamber used to transport divers to depth in the ocean, for the purpose of performing work, such as the installation of pylons for bridges, tunnels, and underwater viaducts. The most common types are the wet bell and the closed bell, the wet bell is a cable-suspended chamber, open at the bottom like a moon pool structure, that is lowered underwater to operate as a base or a means of transport for a small number of divers. The pressure of the keeps the air trapped inside the bell. They were the first type of diving chamber, unlike a submarine, the diving bell is not designed to move under the control of its occupants, nor to operate independently of its tether. The closed bell is a chamber, which may be used for mixed gas bounce diving. This form of locks on and off the chamber where the divers live. In saturation diving the bell is merely the ride to and from the job, if the dive is relatively short, decompression can be done in the bell in exactly the same way it would be done in the chamber. The diving bell is one of the earliest types of equipment for underwater work, according to Roger Bacon, Alexander the Great explored the Mediterranean on the authority of Ethicus the astronomer. In 1535, Guglielmo de Lorena created and used what is considered to be the first modern diving bell, in 1616, Franz Kessler built an improved diving bell. In 1658, Albrecht von Treileben was permitted to salvage the warship Vasa, between 1663-1665 von Treilebens divers were successful in raising most of the cannon, working from a diving bell. In January 1687, Phipps found the wreck of the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de la Concepción off the coast of Santo Domingo, some sources say they used an inverted container for the salvage operation while others say the crew was assisted by Indian divers in the shallow waters. The operation lasted from February to April 1687 during which time they salvaged jewels, some gold and 30 tons of silver which, in 1689, Denis Papin suggested that the pressure and fresh air inside a diving bell could be maintained by a force pump or bellows. Engineer John Smeaton utilized this design in 1789, the earliest applications were probably for commercial sponge fishing. In 1691, Dr. Edmond Halley completed plans for a diving bell capable of remaining submerged for extended periods of time, in Halleys diving bell, atmosphere is replenished by sending weighted barrels of air down from the surface. Spalding and his nephew, Ebenezer Watson, later suffocated off the coast of Dublin in 1783 doing salvage work in a bell of Spaldings design. Diving bells are used as underwater search vessels and by working divers doing underwater work, the bell is lowered into the water by cables from a crane attached to a ship or dock. The bell is ballasted so as to remain upright in the water, as a wet bell is lowered, increasing pressure from the water compresses the gas in the bell. If the gas pressure inside the bell were not raised by adding gas to compensate for the water pressure
Diving bell
–
Diving bell
Diving bell
–
16th century
Islamic painting of
Alexander the Great lowered in a glass diving bell.
Diving bell
–
Modern diving bell.
Diving bell
–
Service vessel with diving bell which can be lowered to 10m and accessed via airlock and a 2m diameter tube
14.
Great Lakes
–
Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth, containing 21% of the worlds surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles, and the volume is 5,439 cubic miles. Due to their sea-like characteristics the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas, Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country. The southern half of the Great Lakes is bordered by the Great Lakes Megalopolis, the lakes have been a major highway for transportation, migration and trade, and they are home to a large number of aquatic species. Many invasive species have been introduced due to trade, and some threaten the regions biodiversity, though the five lakes reside in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. The lakes form a chain connecting the interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, the lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several smaller lakes, often called inland lakes. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the area of the entire basin is about the size of the UK. Lake Michigan is the one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U. S. states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes, Ontario does not border Lake Michigan, New York and Wisconsins jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and the remaining states into one of the lakes. This designation, however, is not universal and those living on the shore of Lake Superior often refer to all the other lakes as the lower lakes, because they are farther south. This corresponds to thinking of Lakes Erie and Ontario as down south, vessels sailing north on Lake Michigan are considered upbound even though they are sailing toward its effluent current. The Chicago River and Calumet River systems connect the Great Lakes Basin to the Mississippi River System through man-made alterations, the St. Marys River, including the Soo Locks, connects Lake Superior to Lake Huron. The Straits of Mackinac connect Lake Michigan to Lake Huron, the St. Clair River connects Lake Huron to Lake St. Clair. The Detroit River connects Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie, the Niagara River, including Niagara Falls, connects Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. The Welland Canal, bypassing the Falls, connects Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, the Saint Lawrence River connects Lake Ontario to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which connects to the Atlantic Ocean
Great Lakes
–
Satellite image of the Great Lakes, April 24, 2000, with lake names added
Great Lakes
–
Terra
MODIS image of the Great Lakes, January 27, 2005, showing ice beginning to build up around the shores of each of the lakes, with snow on the ground.
Great Lakes
–
Photograph of Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron plus the
Finger Lakes of upstate New York, June 14, 2012, taken aboard the
International Space Station, with lake names added
Great Lakes
–
Toronto on Lake Ontario is in the eastern section of the
Great Lakes Megalopolis
15.
National Register of Historic Places
–
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
National Register of Historic Places
–
Logo used for the NRHP.
National Register of Historic Places
–
Old Slater Mill, a historic district in
Pawtucket, Rhode Island, was the first property listed in the National Register on November 13, 1966.
National Register of Historic Places
–
The
Loren Andrus Octagon House in
Washington, Michigan has been on the NRHP since September 3, 1971.
National Register of Historic Places
–
Built in 1800 by
Samuel McIntire in
Salem, the
Stephen Phillips House is operated as a
historic house museum by
Historic New England and open for public tours.
16.
National Historic Landmark
–
A National Historic Landmark is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Of over 85,000 places listed on the countrys National Register of Historic Places, a National Historic Landmark District may include contributing properties that are buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties. Contributing properties may or may not also be separately listed, prior to 1935, efforts to preserve cultural heritage of national importance were made by piecemeal efforts of the United States Congress. The first National Historic Site designation was made for the Salem Maritime National Historic Site on March 17,1938. In 1960, the National Park Service took on the administration of the data gathered under this legislation. Because listings often triggered local preservation laws, legislation in 1980 amended the procedures to require owner agreement to the designations. On October 9,1960,92 properties were announced as designated NHLs by Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton, more than 2,500 NHLs have been designated. Most, but not all, are in the United States, there are NHLs in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Three states account for nearly 25 percent of the nations NHLs, three cities within these states all separately have more NHLs than 40 of the 50 states. In fact, New York City alone has more NHLs than all but five states, Virginia, California, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, there are 74 NHLs in the District of Columbia. Some NHLs are in U. S. commonwealths and territories, associated states, and foreign states. There are 15 in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U. S. commonwealths and territories,5 in U. S. -associated states such as Micronesia, over 100 ships or shipwrecks have been designated as NHLs. About half of the National Historic Landmarks are privately owned, the National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks. A friends group of owners and managers, the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association, works to preserve, protect, if not already listed on the National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation. About three percent of Register listings are NHLs, american Water Landmark List of U. S
National Historic Landmark
–
USS Constitution
National Historic Landmark
–
Frank Lloyd Wright 's
Taliesin is a National Historic Landmark
National Historic Landmark
–
The
American Legation in Tangiers, Morocco, was the first National Historic Landmark on foreign soil.
National Historic Landmark
–
Navajo Nation Council Chamber, the seat of government for the
Navajo Nation,
Window Rock, Arizona.
17.
Santiago Calatrava
–
His best-known works include the Milwaukee Art Museum, the Turning Torso tower in Malmö, Sweden, the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in Dallas, Texas, and the Museum of Tomorrow in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. His architectural firm has offices in New York City, Doha, Calatrava was born on July 28,1951, in Benimàmet, an old municipality now part of Valencia, Spain. His mothers family were of Jewish heritage, but had converted during the Spanish Inquisition of the fifteenth century. His Calatrava surname was an old one from medieval times. He had his primary and secondary schooling in Valencia, and, beginning in 1957, in 1964, as the regime of General Francisco Franco ended and Spain became more open to rest of Europe, he went to France as an exchange student. In 1968, after completing school, he went to study at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, but he arrived in the midst of student uprisings and turmoil in Paris. He received his diploma as an architect and then did higher studies in urbanism, at the University he completed independent projects with fellow students, publishing two books on the vernacular architecture of Valencia and Ibiza. In 1975 he enrolled in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, in 1981 he was awarded a doctorate in the department of architecture, after completing his thesis on The Pliability of three-dimensional structures. Speaking of this period, Calatrava told biographer Philip Jodidio, The desire to start all over at zero was very strong in me. I was determined to put to one side all that I had learned in architecture school, I was fascinated by the concept of gravity and convinced that it was necessary to begin work with simple forms. As soon as Calatrava completed his doctorate in 1981, he opened his own office in Zurich, the train station has several of the features that became signatures of his work, straight lines and right angles are rare. In 1984–87, he built his first bridge, the Bac de Roda Bridge in Barcelona, Spain, the bridge, designed for cyclists and pedestrians, connects two parts of the city by crossing a wasteland of railway tracks. It is 128 meters long, with arches which lean at an angle of thirty degrees. The upper portion of the bridge, composed of arches and cables, is light and airy, like a network of lace, anchored to the massive concrete supports. His next bridge, the Puente del Alamillo, in Seville, Spain, was more spectacular. Built as part of the 1992 Expo 92, it is 200 meters long, crossing the Meandro San Jeronimo River and its main feature is a single pylon 142 meters high, leaning to 58 degrees, the same angle as the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. The weight of the concrete of the pylon is sufficient to hold up the bridge with just thirteen pairs of cables, and his first building in the United States, the new structure of the Milwaukee Art Museum. The concrete pylon leans backwards, and seems to grasp the vertical broadcast antennas and its form suggests an athlete about to throw a javelin
Santiago Calatrava
–
Santiago Calatrava in 1999
Santiago Calatrava
–
The
Queen Sofía Palace of the Arts in Valencia, Spain in 2014
Santiago Calatrava
–
The
Milwaukee Art Museum in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US
Santiago Calatrava
–
Allen Lambert Galleria at
Brookfield Place, in
Toronto, Canada
18.
Milwaukee Art Museum
–
The Milwaukee Art Museum is an art museum in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Its collection contains nearly 25,000 works of art and it is one of the largest museums in the United States. Over the span of at least nine years, all attempts to build an art gallery had failed. Shortly after that year, Alexander Mitchell donated all of her collection into constructing Milwaukees first permanent art gallery in the citys history, in 1888, the Milwaukee Art Association was created by a group of German panorama artists and local businessmen. The same year, British-born businessman Frederick Layton built, endowed, in 1911, the Milwaukee Art Institute, another building constructed to hold other exhibitions and collections, was completed. The institute was built next to the Layton Art Gallery. The Milwaukee Art Museum was Milwaukees first art gallery, opening in 1888, the pavilion received the 2004 Outstanding Structure Award from the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. This iconic building, often referred to as the Calatrava, is used in the museum logo, in November 2015, the museum opened a $34 million expansion funded jointly by a museum capital campaign and by Milwaukee County. The final design emerged after a process that included the main architects departure because of design disputes. The museum houses more than 35,000 works of art housed on four floors, included in the collection are 15th- to 20th-century European and 17th- to 20th-century American paintings, sculpture, prints, drawings, decorative arts, photographs, and folk and self-taught art. Among the best in the collection are the holding of American decorative arts, German Expressionism, folk and Haitian art. The museum holds one of the largest collections of works by Wisconsin native Georgia OKeeffe, from 2002 to 2008, the director and CEO was David Gordon. As of 2015, the endowment is around $65 million. Endowment proceeds cover a fraction of the expenses, leaving it overly dependent on funds from day-to-day operations such as ticket sales. In June 2015 the museums display of a work depicting Benedict XVI created outrage among Catholics, argo, a sculpture on the grounds The Calling, a sculpture in the Museums collection on adjacent ODonnell Park Milwaukee Art Museum official website Milwaukee Art Museum at Google Cultural Institute
Milwaukee Art Museum
–
Milwaukee Art Museum from the north
Milwaukee Art Museum
–
Milwaukee Art Museum interior
Milwaukee Art Museum
–
Milwaukee Art Museum from the south
Milwaukee Art Museum
–
The
Reiman Bridge provides pedestrian access to downtown Milwaukee
19.
Janesville, Wisconsin
–
Janesville is a city in southern Wisconsin, United States. It is the county seat and largest city of Rock County, as of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 63,575. The Janesville area was home to many Native American tribes before the settlement of people from the East, American settlers John Inman, George Follmer, Joshua Holmes, and William Holmes, Jr. built a crude log cabin in the region in 1835. Later that year, one key settler named Henry Janes, a native of Virginia who was a self-proclaimed woodsman and early city planner arrived in what is now Rock County. Janes came to the area in the early 1830s and initially wanted to name the budding village “Blackhawk after the famous Sauk leader Chief Black Hawk, after some discussion it was settled that the town would be named after Janes himself and thus in 1835, Janesville was founded. Despite being named after a Virginian, Janesville was founded by immigrants from New England and these were old stock Yankee immigrants, who were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England in the 1600s. The completion of the Erie Canal caused a surge in New England immigration to what was then the Northwest Territory, some of them were from upstate New York and had parents who had moved to that region from New England shortly after the Revolutionary War. New Englanders and New England transplants from upstate New York were the vast majority of Janesvilles inhabitants during the first several decades of its history, land surveys encouraged pioneers to settle in the area among the abundance of fertile farmland and woodlands. Many of these settlers established farms and began cultivating wheat. As the population grew in the Janesville area, several new industries began cropping up along the Rock River including flour, the first dam was built in 1844. These groups were active in abolitionist and women’s rights movements. Of these settlers was William Tallman who hailed from Rome, New York, Tallman came to the area in 1850 and bought up large tracts of land in hopes of inspiring his fellow New Yorkers to settle in the fertile Rock County. Tallman established himself as one of the most influential and affluent members of the budding Janesville populace and he was impassioned by the call for abolition and became a supporter of the Republican Party. One of the moments in Tallman’s life was when he convinced the up-and-coming Illinois Republican Abraham Lincoln to speak in Janesville in 1859. The Tallman house is now a landmark and now best known as “The place where Abraham Lincoln slept”. Janesville was very active during the Civil War, local farms sold grains to the Union army, and Rock County was one of the counties in Wisconsin with the highest number of men enlisted. Thomas H. Ruger of Janesville served in the war, along with brothers Edward, William, Ruger later served as military governor of Georgia and commandant of West Point. He is memorialized at Fort Ruger in Diamond Head, Hawaii, among these were the Janesville Machine Company and the Rock River Iron Works
Janesville, Wisconsin
–
Downtown Janesville looking south on Main Street (2004)
Janesville, Wisconsin
–
Janesville Bus Station
Janesville, Wisconsin
–
A basketball game between cross-town rivals,
Joseph A. Craig High School and
George S. Parker High School
Janesville, Wisconsin
–
Rock Aqua Jays
20.
United States dollar
–
The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
United States dollar
–
Series of 1917
$1 United States bill
United States dollar
–
Federal Reserve Notes
United States dollar
–
Spanish silver real or
peso of 1768
United States dollar
–
Obverse of rare 1934 $500 Federal Reserve Note, featuring a portrait of President
William McKinley.
21.
List of skyscrapers
–
This list of tallest buildings in the world ranks skyscrapers by height. Only buildings with continuously occupiable floors are included, thus non-building structures and it maintains a list of the 100 tallest completed buildings in the world. The organization currently ranks Burj Khalifa in Dubai as the tallest at 828 m, the CTBUH only recognizes buildings that are complete, however, and some buildings listed within these list articles are not considered complete by the CTBUH. The Petronas Towers, with their spires, are ranked higher than the Willis Tower with its antennas, despite the Petronas Towers lower roofs. Until 1996, the worlds tallest building was defined by the height to the top of the tallest architectural element, including spires and this led to a rivalry between the Bank of Manhattan Building and the Chrysler Building. The Bank of Manhattan Building employed only a short spire and was 927 ft tall and had a higher top occupied floor. At present, the Burj Khalifa tops the list by some margin, as of 2016, this list includes all 135 buildings which reach a height of 300 metres or more as assessed by their highest architectural feature. Worldwide, as there are plans in the five years for more than 80 buildings in the same height range. This measurement disregards distinctions between architectural and non-architectural extensions, and simply measures to the highest point and this measurement is useful for air traffic obstacle determinations, and is also a wholly objective measure. However, this measurement includes extensions that are added, removed. This measurement only recently came into use, when the Petronas Towers passed the Sears Tower in height, the former was considered taller because its spires were considered architectural, while the latters antennae were not. This led to the split of definitions, with the Sears Tower claiming the lead in this and the height-to-roof categories and this is a list of 82 buildings taller than 300 metres or 65 floors that are currently under construction. More than half of the buildings are located in China, ^ Destroyed buildings not included B. ^ Topped out but not completed, ^ Topped out in 1992, when construction was halted. Work was restarted in 2008, exterior work completed in 2011, council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat BuildingHeights
List of skyscrapers
–
The 828m tall
Burj Khalifa in
Dubai has been the tallest building in the world since 2008. The Burj Khalifa has been classified as Megatall.
List of skyscrapers
–
Shanghai Tower in
Shanghai,
China is the 2nd tallest building in the world.
List of skyscrapers
–
The
Abraj Al-Bait Towers in
Mecca,
Saudi Arabia, is the tallest hotel, and the 3rd tallest building in the world.
List of skyscrapers
–
One World Trade Center in
New York City, is the 5th tallest building in the world and tallest in the Western Hemisphere.
22.
List of tallest buildings in Milwaukee
–
The city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin is home to 114 high-rise buildings,34 of which stand taller than 230 ft. The majority of the citys high-rises are located between Interstate 94, the Milwaukee River, and Lake Michigan, with a string of high-rises extending north along the lake. The tallest building in Milwaukee, and Wisconsin, is the 42-story,601 ft tall, bank Center, which was completed in 1973. The second-tallest is the 37-story,549 ft tall,100 East Wisconsin Ave. building, the history of skyscrapers in Milwaukee begins with the Pabst Building. Completed in 1891, and standing 235 ft tall, it was Milwaukees first skyscraper and it was the tallest building in the city until City Hall was completed four years later. The Pabst Building was demolished in 1981, and 100 East Wisconsin now stands on the site. For nearly eighty years, from 1895 to 1973, the Milwaukee City Hall dominated the skyline, and was at the time of its completion, the city experienced a building boom in the mid- to late-1980s. Five of the twelve tallest buildings in the city were constructed between 1985 and 1991, including two Northwestern Mutual buildings under construction and The Couture, seven of the thirteen tallest buildings will have been constructed since 2005. Since 2013, downtown Milwaukee has seen the construction of the Moderne, a skyscraper with luxury condominiums, the 833 East Michigan office building, and this lists ranks Milwaukee skyscrapers that stand at least 213 ft tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts, the Year column indicates the year in which a building was completed. This lists buildings that are under construction, approved, or proposed in Milwaukee
List of tallest buildings in Milwaukee
–
The Pabst Building, Milwaukee's first skyscraper
List of tallest buildings in Milwaukee
–
Panoramic view of the Milwaukee skyline
List of tallest buildings in Milwaukee
List of tallest buildings in Milwaukee
23.
Emporis
–
Emporis GmbH is a real estate data mining company with headquarters in Hamburg, Germany. The company collects and publishes data and photographs of buildings worldwide, Emporis offers a variety of information on its public database, Emporis. com, located at www. emporis. com. Emporis is frequently cited by media sources as an authority on building data. Emporis previously focused exclusively on high-rise buildings and skyscrapers, which it defines as buildings between 35 and 100 metres tall and at least 100 metres tall, respectively, today, the database has expanded to include low-rise buildings and other structures. Michael Wutzke started a website about skyscrapers in Frankfurt in 1996, in 2000 he started skyscrapers. com which was folded into Emporis in 2003. In 2004, Stephan R. Boehm assumed the role of Chairman, Wutzke was Chief Technology Officer and managing director until 2010, when he left the company. In 2007 venture capital firm Neuhaus Partners and KfW Bankengruppe invested several million Euro in the company, effective January 1,2009, the company moved its headquarters from Darmstadt to Frankfurt. In 2011, the company moved from Frankfurt to Hamburg, in 2000 a group of Emporis senior editors began presenting the Emporis Skyscraper Award. Eligible buildings are selected from a list of all buildings in the world at least 100 meters tall which were completed that year
Emporis
–
Emporis
24.
The Wall Street Journal
–
The Wall Street Journal is an American business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City. The Journal, along with its Asian and European editions, is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, the newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online. The Wall Street Journal is the largest newspaper in the United States by circulation, according to the Alliance for Audited Media, the Journal had a circulation of about 2.4 million copies as of March 2013, compared with USA Todays 1.7 million. The newspaper has won 39 Pulitzer Prizes through 2015 and derives its name from Wall Street in the heart of the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The Journal has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8,1889, by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, the Journal also publishes the luxury news and lifestyle magazine WSJ. They were later aggregated in a daily summary called the Customers Afternoon Letter. In 1896, The Dow Jones Industrial Average was officially launched and it was the first of several indices of stock and bond prices on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1899, the Journals Review & Outlook column, which still today, appeared for the first time. Journalist Clarence Barron purchased control of the company for US$130,000 in 1902, circulation was then around 7,000, Barron and his predecessors were credited with creating an atmosphere of fearless, independent financial reporting—a novelty in the early days of business journalism. In 1921, Barrons, Americas premier financial weekly, was founded, Barron died in 1928, a year before Black Tuesday, the stock market crash that greatly affected the Great Depression in the United States. Barrons descendants, the Bancroft family, would continue to control the company until 2007, the Journal took its modern shape and prominence in the 1940s, a time of industrial expansion for the United States and its financial institutions in New York. Bernard Kilgore was named managing editor of the paper in 1941, under Kilgore, in 1947, that the paper won its first Pulitzer Prize, for William Henry Grimess editorials. In 1970, Dow Jones bought the Ottaway newspaper chain, which at the time comprised nine dailies, later, the name was changed to Dow Jones Local Media Group. In 2007 News Corp. acquired Dow Jones, a luxury lifestyle magazine, was launched in 2008. A complement to the print newspaper, The Wall Street Journal Online, was launched in 1996, in 2003, Dow Jones began to integrate reporting of the Journals print and online subscribers together in Audit Bureau of Circulations statements. In 2007, it was believed to be the largest paid-subscription news site on the Web. Since then, online subscribership has fallen, due in part to rising subscription costs, in May 2008, an annual subscription to the online edition of The Wall Street Journal cost $119 for those who do not have subscriptions to the print edition. By June 2013, the monthly cost for a subscription to the edition was $22.99, or $275.88 annually
The Wall Street Journal
–
April 28, 2008 front page
The Wall Street Journal
–
Vladimir Putin with Journal correspondent
Karen Elliott House in 2002
The Wall Street Journal
–
Scarlett Johansson covers WSJ. April 2014
25.
National Park Service
–
It was created on August 25,1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. As of 2014, the NPS employs 21,651 employees who oversee 417 units, the National Park Service celebrated its centennial in 2016. National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior, the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior and they wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service, Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3,1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933, the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasnt until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service, the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery, Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States national parks, Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no government to manage it. Yosemite National Park began as a park, the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership, at first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, the National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service
National Park Service
–
In 1916, a portfolio of nine major parks was published to generate interest. Printed on each brochure was a map showing the parks and principal railroad connections.
National Park Service
–
National Park Service Arrowhead
National Park Service
–
In 1934, a series of ten postage stamps were issued to commemorate the reorganization and expansion of the National Park Service.
National Park Service
–
Grand Canyon National Park, south rim of canyon.
26.
List of tallest buildings in the United States
–
The worlds first skyscraper was built in Chicago in 1885. Since that time, the United States has been home and still is home to some of the worlds tallest skyscrapers, New York City, specifically the borough of Manhattan, notably has the tallest skyline in the country. Eleven American buildings have held the title of tallest building in the world, New York City and Chicago have always been the centers of American skyscraper building. As of 2013, One World Trade Center, also referred by the name of Freedom Tower. Prior to the September 11,2001 attacks in New York City, the North Tower stood at 1,368 feet, while the South Tower was 1, 362-foot-tall. If they were standing today, they would occupy the fourth and fifth positions on the list below. There are numerous supertall buildings both proposed and under construction throughout the country, concentrated in New York City and Chicago and this list ranks completed and topped out buildings in the United States that stand at least 700 feet tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details, as well as antenna masts, an equal sign following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The Year column indicates the year in which a building was completed and this lists ranks completed and topped out buildings in the United States that stand at least 800 feet tall based on pinnacle height measurement, which includes antenna masts. Standard architectural height measurement, which excludes antennas in building height, is included for comparative purposes, * Indicates building is still under construction, but has been topped out. American cities with at least 15 completed skyscrapers over 400 feet high and this lists buildings that are under construction in the United States and are planned to rise at least 700 feet. Buildings that have already topped out are excluded. * Table entries with dashes indicate that information regarding building dates of completion has not yet been released and this lists buildings that are proposed for construction in the United States and are planned to rise at least 700 feet. A floor count of 50 stories is used as the cutoff for buildings whose heights have not yet released by their developers. * Table entries with dashes indicate that information regarding building heights and this table lists the 10 tallest buildings in the United States that have been demolished, destroyed, or are undergoing demolition. This is a list of the history of the tallest buildings in the United States and this lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in the United States. ^ According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, freestanding observation towers are not considered to be buildings and this structure is included for comparative purposes. Diagram of United States skyscrapers on SkyscraperPage
List of tallest buildings in the United States
List of tallest buildings in the United States
–
Tallest Buildings in the United States.
List of tallest buildings in the United States
List of tallest buildings in the United States
27.
Illinois State Capitol
–
The Illinois State Capitol, located in Springfield, Illinois, is the building that houses the executive and legislative branches of the government of the U. S. state of Illinois. The current structure is the sixth to serve as the building since Illinois became a part of the United States in 1818. The capitol is in the style of the French Renaissance and was designed by Cochrane and Garnsey. Ground was first broken for the new capitol on March 11,1868, the dome is covered in zinc to provide a silvery facade which does not weather. The interior of the features a plaster frieze painted to resemble bronze, which illustrates scenes from Illinois history. The seal featured in the top of the dome is the used by Illinois prior to the American Civil War. It differs from the seal in that the phrase State Sovereignty is above the phrase National Union. After the Civil War, the legislature voted to reverse these phrases as they professed that National Union was the important of these two concepts. With a total height of 361 ft, the Illinois capitol is the tallest non-skyscraper capitol, even exceeding the height of the United States Capitol in Washington, in contrast, the tallest skyscraper capitol stands a mere 241.67 feet tall. The only state capitols taller than it are the designs of Louisiana and Nebraska. The dome itself is 92.5 ft wide, and is supported by solid bedrock,25.5 ft below the surface and it is the highest building in Sangamon County. The Wyndham Springfield City Centre is taller than the capitol, however it is on lower ground, a city statute does not allow buildings taller than the capitol. The building itself is shaped like a Latin cross aligned to the compass directions, and measures 379 ft from the north end to the south end. The capitol occupies a nine acre plot of land forms the capitol grounds. When the capitol was constructed, several empty shafts were included for the installation of elevators. It is unknown when the first electric elevators were installed, but the first mention of them occurs in 1939, when the legislature appropriated $30,000 for their repair. The addition of the statues is particularly notable, since they had been intended for the building since the 1870s when architect Alfred Piquenard designed them as part of the original plan. Piquenard was also the architect for the Iowa State Capitol, which is of a similar style, Illinois legislators of the 1870s thought that the scantily clad women were too risqué but the Iowans had no objection
Illinois State Capitol
–
Illinois State Capitol
Illinois State Capitol
–
The Capitol grounds have many
statues, such as this one of the late federal Senator
Everett Dirksen.
Illinois State Capitol
–
Detail of the dome interior
Illinois State Capitol
–
One of the pair of female statues added to the west wing staircase in the State Capitol as part of the $50 million renovation from 2011-13.
28.
Chase Tower (Milwaukee)
–
The Chase Tower is a 22-story, 288-foot-tall high-rise building in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Built in the International style, the building has a dark green, almost black. It is located alongside the Milwaukee River, presently, the building is home to a Chase Bank branch and underground vault, the studios of Milwaukee Public Radio, a few eateries, and numerous offices. Skywalks connect it to its structure to the south and the Shops of Grand Avenue across the river via the ASQ Center. The building was completed in 1961, and was known as Bank One Plaza until their merger with Chase. Before that, it was home to Marine Bank and was known as the Marine Plaza, in 2016, the building was sold to 111 E. Wisconsin Property Owner, LLC, and is managed by Farbman Group, currently it is the 13th tallest building in Milwaukee. It was the second tallest building in Milwaukee from 1961 to 1973, list of tallest buildings in Milwaukee
Chase Tower (Milwaukee)
–
The building from across the Wisconsin Avenue bridge in 2010
29.
411 East Wisconsin Center
–
The 411 East Wisconsin Center is a high-rise located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was built in 1985 on the site of the Goldsmith Building. It is the fifth tallest building in Milwaukee, and it was the second tallest building in Milwaukee at the time of its completion, the building has been home to the Quarles & Brady law firm since 1986 and the von Briesen & Roper law firm since 1985. In 2005 the building was sold by TIAA-CREF to Triple Net Properties and it had an assessed value of $89.2 million in 2005. The Quarles & Brady signage atop the tower was installed with a helicopter on March 4,2007, five Mile Capital Partners plans on undergoing $17.5 Million in renovations to the building. List of tallest buildings in Milwaukee
411 East Wisconsin Center
–
The building from the west in 2006
30.
Geography of Milwaukee
–
Milwaukee lies along the shores and bluffs of Lake Michigan at the confluence of three rivers, the Menomonee, the Kinnickinnic and the Milwaukee. Smaller rivers, such as the Root River and Lincoln Creek also run throughout the city, because Lake Michigan is too large to see across, Milwaukees waterfront resembles an ocean rather than an inland lake. Milwaukees terrain is flat, except for steep bluffs along the lakeshore that begin about one half mile north. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 251.0 km2. 248.8 km2 of it is land and 2.2 km² of it is water, the total area is 0. 88% water. The city runs largely on the system, although in the far northwest and southwest corners of the city. North-south streets are numbered, and east-west streets are named, however north-south streets east of 1st street are named, like east-west streets. The north-south numbering line is along the Menomonee River and Fairview Avenue/Golfview Parkway, with the east-west numbering line defined along 1st Street and this numbering system is also used to the north by Mequon in Ozaukee County, and by some Waukesha County communities
Geography of Milwaukee
–
Geography
31.
Climate of Milwaukee
–
Milwaukee has a humid continental climate, with four distinct seasons and wide variations in temperature and precipitation in short periods of time. The citys climate is strongly influenced by nearby Lake Michigan. The Urban heat island effect also plays a role in the climate, insulating it from winter cold. Milwaukee has a climate with wide variations in temperatures over short periods, especially in spring. The warmest month is July, when the high temperature is 81 °F. The coldest month is January, when the high temperature is only 28 °F. Low temperatures in January average 13 °F, the highest temperature ever recorded in Milwaukee is 105 °F on July 24,1935 and the coldest temperature is -26 °F, on both January 17,1982 and February 4,1996. The former occasion is referred to as Cold Sunday, because of the extreme cold felt in many locations in the United States on that day, Milwaukee has varied precipitation throughout the year, in both type and amount. Although Rain can fall all year round, it is rare during winter months, snow falls from late November until early March, although snow can fall as early as late September or as late as the end of May. During the transition into and out of winter, various mixed forms of precipitation can occur, such as sleet, ice and these types of precipitation tend to occur mainly in November and March. An average year in Milwaukee sees 34.81 inches of precipitation, the city receives more snowfall than cities even slightly inland because of lake effect snow produced by Lake Michigan. Milwaukee receives far less snow than cities on the shore of the lake. The wettest month of the year is August, with an average 4.03 inches of precipitation, long-duration rains are uncommon in summer, usually occurring only in April or October
Climate of Milwaukee
–
Geography
32.
Government of Milwaukee
–
Beginning with the citys first major wave of German immigrants, the 48ers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin has traditionally supported liberal politicians and movements. It was a Republican stronghold during the Civil War and, like most major cities, experienced a period of massive corruption and this ended in 1910 when the voters elected its first of three Socialist mayors. Since 1960, Milwaukee has been a stronghold of the Democratic Party both locally and nationally, but the city is divided between different factions of Democrats. Such was the case when, during the 2004 mayoral election, many supporters of Marvin Pratt saw this as confirmation that the party was showing favoritism toward rival Tom Barrett. The call was explained to have come from an independent organization calling from within the headquarters building. During the 1970s, Milwaukee was home to a chapter of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. The chapter was one of the few in which no members were killed by the police. In addition to being the catalyst for many victories during the era, it also set up a number of community-based organizations that are still active today. Although a Democratic stronghold, Milwaukee receives an amount of attention from the Republicans at the state. This is due to Wisconsins status as a state and Milwaukees relatively central location to the states largest Republican strongholds such as Mequon, Waukesha. Third party politics has played an important part in Milwaukee city government, in recent years, Milwaukee has played host to national conventions for the Socialist Party USA, Communist Party USA and the Green Party of the United States. Milwaukee has a form of government with a strong-mayor plan. The city underwent a transition from a service to a cabinet form of governance in 1988. A Common Council of 15 elected members, called Aldermen, each represent one of the 15 districts in the city, the city is also served by independently elected City Attorney, Comptroller and Treasurer positions that are not under the Mayor or Common Councils tutelage. The Mayor and Common Council retain control over their departmental budgets, all elected positions in the city of Milwaukee government serve four-year terms, with elections held in the spring of presidential voting years. The Mayor, City Attorney, Comptroller and Treasurer are all elected on a city-wide basis, in 2004, Tom Barrett was elected Mayor of the City of Milwaukee. He was re-elected in 2008,2012 and 2016, the Milwaukee Common Council is the lawmaking body of the City of Milwaukee. It comprises 15 members from 15 council districts throughout the city, the council also has approval over the mayors appointments of cabinet heads to direct day-to-day operations of city departments
Government of Milwaukee
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Milwaukee City Hall
33.
Flag of Milwaukee
–
The official flag of Milwaukee was adopted in 1954. It displays symbols of Milwaukee on a blue background. In the center, a gear, representing industry, bears symbols of Milwaukees identity, an Indian head, resembling the Milwaukee Braves logo at the time, represents Native American origins. A flag with two stars, said to be a Civil War-era flag, may represent a service flag. A lamp symbol in the right was once associated with the Milwaukee City Library. Below this is Milwaukee City Hall, representing government, which is flanked by a church, a factory, the golden barley stalk on the left represents Milwaukees brewing history, and the red ship with water symbolizes Milwaukees status as a port city. The first attempt to introduce a civic flag came in an 1897 Milwaukee Journal contest, the winning entry included an oak branch with the motto Steady Progress over a cream-colored field. The design was praised by then-mayor William C, rauschenberger, who lost reelection shortly thereafter. The flag never came into use, in the 1950s, Milwaukee leaders discovered it was one of only four cities with a population over 500,000 without a flag, and so the city held a contest for flag designs. Former alderman Fred Steffan combined elements of some of the entries to create the flag. Efforts to redesign the flag have been initiated four times, the first three proposed redesigns were rejected. As of June 2016, a proposed candidate has been selected. In 1975, a Milwaukee Public Museum employee won a citywide contest, although the designer won the contests prize of a $100 savings bond, his flag was not adopted. In 2001, the Milwaukee Arts Board of the Milwaukee Common Council held a contest to attract designs for a new flag, over 105 designs were submitted, but none met with the approval of the board, and the old design was kept. In a 2004 poll conducted by the North American Vexillological Association, the symbols on the flag were common tropes of industry, manufacturing, and agriculture during the mid-20th century. The public submitted 1,006 entries, from which five finalists were chosen in 2016, in an online poll of over 6,000 people, a design called Sunrise Over the Lake received the highest rating of the five. The flags design is described as follows, The rising sun over Lake Michigan symbolizes a new day, the light blue bars in its reflection represent the citys three rivers and three founding towns. Gold represents our brewing history and white symbolizes unity, as of June 2016, the city had yet to take up the question of adopting the 2016 design
Flag of Milwaukee
–
Flag of Milwaukee, Wisconsin
34.
Milwaukee Fire Department
–
The Milwaukee Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The department is responsible for an area of 96.12 square miles with a population of 594,833, the department was ranked third in the U. S. for best medical emergency service by a USA Today study in 2003. As of June 2016, below is a complete list of all fire stations, on December 6,2006, a large and fatal propane gas explosion occurred at the Falk Corporation facility in the industrial Menomonee River Valley neighborhood of Milwaukee. Three people were killed and forty-seven others injured, cars were reportedly flipped through the air and debris scattered over several blocks. The Milwaukee Fire Department played a role in the emergency response after the explosion. Several stations feature commissioned works of art, including, The Last Alarm Dauntless Guardian Fire and Water Spirit of the Firefighter On Watch Gear 23 R. HERO MFD Coloring Book By Reginald Baylor
Milwaukee Fire Department
–
Milwaukee Fire Department
35.
History of Milwaukee
–
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, has a history of over 160 years of immigration, politics, and industry, which have given it a distinctive heritage. The first recorded inhabitants of the Milwaukee area are the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe, many of these people had lived around Green Bay before migrating to the Milwaukee area around the time of European contact. The name Milwaukee comes from an Algonquian word Millioke, meaning Good, Beautiful, French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries. French explorer, Robert La Salle was most likely the first white man to visit Milwaukee in October 1679, although La Salle and others visited Milwaukee, prior to the 19th century, Milwaukee was mostly inhabited by Native Americans. The Natives at Milwaukee tried to control their destiny by participating in all the wars on the American continent. During the French and Indian War, a group of Ojibwas, in the American Revolutionary War, the Indians around Milwaukee were some of the few Indians who remained loyal to the American cause throughout the Revolution. As the 18th century came to a close, the first recorded white fur trader settled in Milwaukee and this was French Canadian Jean Baptiste Mirandeau who along with Jacques Vieau of La Baye, established a fur-trading post near the Menomonee River in 1795. Mirandeau remained all year with Vieau coming every spring with supplies, in 1820 or 1821 Mirandeau died and was the first white to be buried in the city in an Indian cemetery near Broadway and Wisconsin. The post was on the Chicago-Green Bay trail, located on the site of todays Mitchell Park, Vieau married the granddaughter of an Indian chief and had at least twelve children. Vieaus daughter by another woman, Josette, would later marry Solomon Juneau and these links established a Metis population, and by 1820 Milwaukee was essentially a Metis settlement. Milwaukee has three founding fathers, Solomon Juneau, Byron Kilbourn, and George H. Walker, Solomon Juneau, the first of the three to come to the area, arrived in 1818. The French Canadian Juneau married Josette Vieau, daughter of Jacques Vieau, in 1820, and Vieau eventually sold the trading post to his son-in-law and daughter, the founding mother of Milwaukee. The Juneaus moved the post in 1825 to the bank of the Milwaukee River. This town soon attracted settlers from the Eastern United States and Europe, soon after, Byron Kilbourn settled on the west side of the Milwaukee River. In competition with Juneau, Kilbourn established Kilbourntown there, making sure that the streets running toward the river did not match up with those on the east side and this accounts for the large number of angled bridges that still exist in Milwaukee today. Further, Kilbourn distributed maps of the area showed only Kilbourntown, implying that Juneautown did not exist or that the east side of the river was uninhabited. The third prominent builder, George H. Walker, claimed land to the south of the Milwaukee River and this area grew and became known as Walkers Point. The proximity of the towns sparked tensions in 1845 after the completion of a bridge built between Kilbourntown and Juneautown, Kilbourn and his supporters viewed the bridge as a threat to their community and ultimately led to Kilbourn destroying part of the bridge
History of Milwaukee
–
Statue of
Solomon Juneau, c. 1890
History of Milwaukee
–
Milwaukee in 1858
History of Milwaukee
–
Milwaukee in 1882, as seen from
Bay View
36.
Milwaukee Police Department
–
The Milwaukee Police Department is the police department organized under the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The department has a contingent of about 1,800 sworn officers when at full strength and is divided into seven districts, Edward A. Flynn has served as chief of police since January,2008. At the time when Milwaukee had a high crime rate, fueled by local gangs, mobs, thieves. Milwaukee was originally served by the Milwaukee County Sheriffs Office, which became increasingly unable to provide adequate enforcement to the growing city, with burgeoning crime rates, citizens enacted an ordinance creating the Milwaukee Police Department. Milwaukees first chief of police was William Beck, a former NYPD detective, as the department expanded, patrolmen were supplemented by roundsmen, who would lead the patrolmen out to their beats at the beginning of the evening shift, and supervise them during the shift. A roundsman earned $5 more a month than a patrolman, in 1924, Judson W. Minor became Departments first African-American officer and in 1975 Ada Wright became the first female MPD officer. On November 15,1996 Arthur Jones became the first African-American chief, a lawsuit filed after his term found that Jones discriminated against officers based on their race, giving African-American officers promotions before white officers. The first female captain in the Milwaukee Police Department was Nannette Hegerty, on November 24,1917, a large black powder bomb, wrapped as a package, was discovered by Maude L. Richter, a social worker, next to an evangelical church in the third ward. She dragged the package into the basement and notified the church janitor. Mazzone brought the bomb to the police station at Oneida and Broadway. The station keeper was showing it to the commander, Lieutenant Flood, right before a scheduled inspection. Nine members of the department were killed in the blast, along with a female civilian and it was suspected at the time that the bomb had been placed outside the church by anarchists, particularly the Galleanist faction led by adherents of Luigi Galleani. At the time, the identity was not uncovered. Many years later, interviews with surviving Galleanist members revealed that Croatian national Mario Buda, the specter of the larger, uncharged crime of the bombing haunted the proceedings and assured convictions of all eleven. In 1918 Clarence Darrow led an appeal that gained freedom for most of the convicted, the Milwaukee Police Department is composed of numerous bureaus, divisions and sections. Each area has specific responsibilities which are essential to the management, investigations at the time cleared Grady of any wrongdoing. In 1978, Gradys partner indicated that the officer had planted a knife on Bells body to indicate he had been armed. Grady plead guilty to homicide and perjury
Milwaukee Police Department
–
Patch of the Milwaukee Police Department
37.
Housing Authority of the City of Milwaukee
–
The Housing Authority of the City of Milwaukee is a municipal agency of Milwaukee, Wisconsin dedicated to providing public housing and services for residents of the city of Milwaukee. The agency was established in 1944 and is responsible to a board of commissioners appointed by the mayor, the Housing Act of 1937 created support for access to affordable housing nationwide and funding for local agencies. The Housing Authority of the City of Milwaukee was established in 1944, in 1948, HACM built Northlawn, Southlawn, and Berryland. These three developments were built to provide housing to World War II veterans and their families, throughout the 1950s and 1960s, HACM expanded by constructing new developments. Hillside Terrace became HACM’s first high-rise building, the agency also built Westlawn, Wisconsins largest public housing development, and Lapham Park, the first housing development created to meet the needs of elderly and disabled residents. In the 1970s, Congress passed the Housing and Community Development Act, when implemented in Milwaukee, Section 8 allowed qualified residents to pay 30% of their income to participating private landlords with the difference subsidized by HACM. After 2000, HACM began to use tax credits to support expanded access to housing in the city. Low-income housing tax credits gave the access to development money to offset budget reductions in federal programs. In 2003, Highland Park was demolished and replaced by Highland Homes, the Highland Park towers were also replaced and became Highland Gardens, a 114-unit building for seniors and people with disabilities. The program has improved attendance and increased graduation rates to over 92% between 2008 and 2012, in 2005, HACM provided emergency shelter and assistance for over 100 displaced families and individuals after Hurricane Katrina. HACMs developments provide low-income housing to the elderly, disabled, hACMs first development was Parklawn, constructed at a cost of $2 million in 1944. By 1948, the agency had constructed Northlawn, Southlawn, during the 1950s, on land set aside for urban renewal, Hillside Terrace was completed. Wisconsin’s largest public housing development is Westlawn, HACM completed the Lapham Park development in 1964 to house families, seniors, and disabled residents. Then in 1967, Highland Park was completed, more recently, the agency has committed to creating sustainable developments. Highland Gardens, completed in 2004, was the first HACM development to be considered a green environment, the mid-rise building, located downtown, has 114 apartment units that are accessible to people with disabilities and also meet the needs of the elderly. Transitional living is available for people who were living in nursing homes. The building was designed using sustainable materials and these materials include recycled flooring, energy saving designs, and live trees coming out of the floor in a common area. The roof of Highland Gardens has the nation’s largest green roof, rain gardens and landscaping also absorb and reduce stormwater runoff, preventing the possibility of sewer overflows
Housing Authority of the City of Milwaukee
–
View of Arlington Court and Riverview developments on Milwaukee's Eastside.
38.
Milwaukee Public Schools
–
Milwaukee Public Schools is the largest school district in Wisconsin. As of the 2015–16 school year, MPS served 75,568 students in 154 schools and had 9,636 full-time equivalent staff positions, the Milwaukee Public Schools system is the one of the largest in the United States by enrollment. A publicly elected board, the Milwaukee Board of School Directors, provides direction and oversight. Milwaukee Public Schools offerings include neighborhood schools, specialty schools and charter schools serving students as young as age 3 up through grade 12, the district owns WYMS-FM, which airs an eclectic selection of music and is programmed by a local non-profit group via an LMA. School District officials note declining funding as a catalyst to problems in the district, however, local journalists have cited school officials as lacking in motivation to improve the system. The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction in its 2011−12 School District Performance Report lists Milwaukees Regular Diploma Graduation Rate at 66. 2%. In 2012, Rufus King International School – High School Campus was ranked the 130th best public school in the nation. Ronald Reagan College Preparatory High School was ranked second in Wisconsin, in 1990, Milwaukee became the first community in the United States to adopt a school voucher program. The program enables students to public funding to study at parochial. The 2006−07 school year marked the first time more than $100 million was paid in vouchers. If the voucher program alone were considered a district, it would mark the sixth-largest district in Wisconsin. Under Wisconsin state law, the Milwaukee school board is one of several entities that can authorize charter schools in the city, other authorities that can authorize charter schools are the Milwaukee City Council, the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, and the Milwaukee Area Technical College Board. The first charter school in Milwaukee was the Highland Community School, a Montessori elementary school authorized by Milwaukee Public Schools in 1996
Milwaukee Public Schools
–
Milwaukee Public Schools
39.
Sports in Milwaukee
–
Milwaukee, Wisconsin is home to a variety of sports teams and events. Milwaukee has a history of involvement in professional and sports. Currently, its sports teams include, Throughout the sports world. The Brewers made their first post-season appearance in 1981 and won the American League pennant in 1982, in 1998, they became the first Major League team in modern history to switch leagues, doing so to accommodate the expansion franchises of the Arizona Diamondbacks and Tampa Bay Devil Rays. They also have the distinction of being the team to have played in four of the six current Major League divisions. The Bucks won the 1971 NBA Championship, a three years after joining the league. They made it back to the Finals in 1974, but soon developed a reputation as next years champions, winning at least one series for the next 15 years. The Wave are the longest continuously-running professional soccer operation in North America and they have also been one of the most successful, having captured five league championships in the past nine years. In addition to sports, Milwaukee is home to a number of competitive teams, clubs and leagues at the amateur, college, high school. Under the leadership of Al McGuire, Marquettes mens basketball became a national powerhouse in the 1970s, capturing the NIT Championship in 1970. Not only was the 77 championship McGuires last game, but Marquette remains the last independent school to win the title and it is also the last major sports championship won by a Milwaukee sports team. Led by current NBA star Dwyane Wade, Marquette returned to the Final Four in 2003, uW–Milwaukee made its first post-season appearance in mens basketball that same year, under the tutelage of current Tennessee head coach Bruce Pearl. Although they lost at the buzzer to Notre Dame in the first round, in 2005, UWM had its most successful year ever, winning both the Horizon League regular season and tournament championships. They would go on to upset Alabama in the first round of the NCAA tournament before shocking then Big East powerhouse Boston College on its way to the Sweet 16. Starting with the 2007-08 season, the Marquette and UWM mens basketball teams will rekindle their rivalry game which has been dormant since 1998. The two schools have always shared annual and heated rivalries in all other common NCAA sports, uWMs mens and womens soccer teams regularly attain national rankings, and the school is also home to the only Division I baseball team in Wisconsin. High School athletics in Milwaukee is dominated by the Milwaukee City Conference, however, it is also home to a number of athletically competitive private high schools such as Marquette University High School, which has the citys only WIAA sanctioned ice hockey team. Problems such as four of the schools having on-campus stadiums are believed to be a major reason why City Conference schools have been absent from the WIAA State Championship Game since 1986
Sports in Milwaukee
–
Miller Park, Home of the
Milwaukee Brewers
Sports in Milwaukee
Sports in Milwaukee
Sports in Milwaukee
40.
Neighborhoods of Milwaukee
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This is a list of neighborhoods of Milwaukee. Two residents of the neighborhood may describe different neighborhood boundaries. Although rooted in history, neighborhoods remain social constructions, in which seemingly concrete things like boundaries are much rather in flux. This encyclopedic problem is true for all cities but is complicated in Milwaukee when identified neighborhoods can be within other neighborhoods. For instance, Brady Street and East Village are actually inside of the East Side, at the same time some Riverwest residents may regard the Beerline B as a separate distinct neighborhood or perhaps part of adjacent Brewers Hill. On the other hand, Beerline B and Brewers Hill residents might or might not agree that Beerline B is part of Brewers Hill. Certainly, residents and realtors tend to assign new names as neighborhoods evolve, in 1990, the Neighborhood Identification Project set boundaries and names for 75 areas of the city. Prior to that, neighborhood names were not official and many areas had no names, arlington Heights is a predominantly African-American neighborhood on Milwaukees north side. It is bordered by Capitol Drive to the north, I-43 to the east and it is home to Lindbergh Park, an elementary school, a middle school, and a Lutheran grade school. Union Cemetery is located at the far southwest corner of the neighborhood, Brewers Hill is a small, diverse neighborhood north of downtown on the Milwaukee River. The neighborhood is bordered by North Avenue to the north, Holton Avenue to the east, the Milwaukee River and Pleasant Street to the south, the name Brewers Hill is derived from the large number of brewery workers and owners that once inhabited the area. Just to the south of the neighborhood, the Schlitz and Blatz breweries were once in operation, Brewers Hill contains an architectural mix of Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival buildings dating from the 1850s to the 1920s. Part of the neighborhood, the Brewers Hill Historic District, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the neighborhood has undergone gentrification, with former factories converted into businesses and condominiums. Franklin Heights is bordered by Capitol Drive to the north, 20th Street to the east, one third of the Franklin Heights population is below the poverty line. Built on lots carved from swampland that fed into the river, Grover Heights’ homes were built between 1926 and 1930 and its occupants were primarily German until the 1960s. Its first African-American family moved into the area in 1961, most residents move into the area and stay. Currently Grover Heights has a population consisting of African-Americans, Caucasians, Latinos. Its area forms one of the borders of the 5 Points Neighborhood Association
Neighborhoods of Milwaukee
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N 16th Street and W Atkinson
Neighborhoods of Milwaukee
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Location of
Milwaukee in
Milwaukee County (left) and
Wisconsin (right)
Neighborhoods of Milwaukee
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N 16th Street, Arlngton Heights
Neighborhoods of Milwaukee
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Liquor store near 12th and W Atkinson
41.
List of public art in Milwaukee
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This is a list of public art in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Works are listed from oldest to newest, the list contains only works of public art freely accessible outdoors, and not, for example, works inside museums that charge admission. Most of the works are sculptures, outdoor Sculpture in Milwaukee, A Cultural and Historial Guidebook by Diane M. Buck and Virginia A. Palmer
List of public art in Milwaukee
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Spirit of Commerce
List of public art in Milwaukee
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Washington Monument
List of public art in Milwaukee
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Juneau Monument
List of public art in Milwaukee
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Leif, the Discoverer
42.
Milwaukee metropolitan area
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The Milwaukee metropolitan area is a major metropolitan area located in Southeastern Wisconsin, consisting of the city of Milwaukee and the surrounding area. There are several definitions of the area, including the Milwaukee–Waukesha–West Allis metropolitan area and it is the largest metropolitan area in Wisconsin, and the 39th largest metropolitan area in the United States. The U. S. Census Bureau defines the Milwaukee Metropolitan area as containing four counties in southeastern Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Waukesha, Washington, the Metropolitan population of Milwaukee was 1,572,245 in a 2014 estimate. The city of Milwaukee is the hub of the metropolitan area, the character of the area varies widely. Mequon, Brookfield, and the North Shore are more white-collar, while West Milwaukee, West Allis, metro Milwaukee draws commuters from outlying areas such as Madison, Chicago and the Fox Cities. It is part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis containing an estimated 54 million people. S, updated definitions released in February 2013 added Dodge, Jefferson and Walworth Counties to the Milwaukee CSA. Kenosha, despite being just 32 miles from Milwaukee and 50 miles from Chicago, is included as part of the Chicago CSA metropolitan area, as Kenosha has more residents who commute to Chicago. In a 2014 estimate the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Combined Statistical Area population was 2,043,904, the largest in Wisconsin, there are eight counties in the U. S. Census Bureaus Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Combined statistical area. The Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District is a government agency which serves 28 municipalities in the five counties. At the same time, some in the see the need for more consolidation in government services. The Kettl Commission and former Wisconsin Governor Scott McCallum have supported initiatives to do this, however, full consolidation has been criticized as a means of diluting minority voting power. Metro Milwaukee Portal 2003 article on consolidation of area governments http, //www. whitehouse. gov/sites/default/files/omb/bulletins/2013/b-13-01. pdf
Milwaukee metropolitan area
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Milwaukee, Wisconsin's largest city
Milwaukee metropolitan area
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Location of the Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis MSA in Wisconsin
43.
High-rise
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A tower block, high-rise, apartment tower, residential tower, apartment block, block of flats, or office tower is a tall building or structure used as a residential and/or office building. In some areas it may be referred to as an MDU, in the United States, such a structure is referred to as an apartment building or office building, while a group of such buildings is called an apartment complex or office complex. High-rise buildings became possible with the invention of the elevator and cheaper, the materials used for the structural system of high-rise buildings are reinforced concrete and steel. Most North American style skyscrapers have a frame, while residential blocks are usually constructed of concrete. There is no difference between a tower block and a skyscraper, although a building with fifty or more stories is generally considered a skyscraper. They also pose challenges to firefighters during emergencies in high-rise structures. Studies are often required to ensure that pedestrian wind comfort and wind danger concerns are addressed, in order to allow less wind exposure, to transmit more daylight to the ground and to appear more slender, many high-rises have a design with setbacks. In contrast with low-rise and single-family houses, apartment blocks accommodate more inhabitants per unit of area of land, various bodies have defined high-rise, Emporis Standards defines a high-rise as A multi-story structure between 35–100 meters tall, or a building of unknown height from 12–39 floors. According to the code of Hyderabad, India, a high-rise building is one with four floors or more. The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary defines a high-rise as a building having many storeys, most building engineers, inspectors, architects and similar professionals define a high-rise as a building that is at least 75 feet tall. The lower floors were occupied by either shops or wealthy families. Surviving Oxyrhynchus Papyri indicate that seven-story buildings even existed in provincial towns, in Arab Egypt, the initial capital city of Fustat housed many high-rise residential buildings, some seven stories tall that could reportedly accommodate hundreds of people. By the 16th century, Cairo also had high-rise apartment buildings where the two floors were for commercial and storage purposes and the multiple stories above them were rented out to tenants. The skyline of many important medieval cities was dominated by large numbers of high-rising urban towers, the residential Towers of Bologna numbered between 80 and 100 at a time, the largest of which still rise to 97.2 m. In Florence, a law of 1251 decreed that all buildings should be reduced to a height of less than 26 m. Even medium-sized towns such as San Gimignano are known to have featured 72 towers up to 51 m in height, the oldest still standing tulou dates back from the 14th century. Tower blocks were built in the Yemeni city of Shibam in the 16th century. The houses of Shibam are all out of mud bricks, but about five hundred of them are tower houses
High-rise
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A high-rise
residential apartment building in
Hong Kong
High-rise
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High-rise residential complexes are a prominent feature of the
borough of
Fort Lee,
Bergen County,
New Jersey, United States, in the
New York City Metropolitan Area, with
several over 90 metres (300 ft) tall.
High-rise
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There are numerous high-rise
apartments in
Navi Mumbai,
India
High-rise
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16-floor Rusland Court tower block in
Charlestown, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.
44.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigans western shore, Milwaukees estimated population in 2015 was 600,155. Milwaukee is the cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 2,046,692 as of 2015. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States, the first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, large numbers of German immigrants helped increase the citys population during the 1840s, with Poles and other immigrants arriving in the following decades. Known for its traditions, Milwaukee is currently experiencing its largest construction boom since the 1960s. In addition, many new skyscrapers, condos, lofts and apartments have been built in neighborhoods on and near the lakefront, the word Milwaukee may come from the Potawatomi language minwaking, or Ojibwe language ominowakiing, Gathering place. The first recorded inhabitants of the Milwaukee area are the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe, many of these people had lived around Green Bay before migrating to the Milwaukee area around the time of European contact. In the second half of the 18th century, the Indians at Milwaukee played a role in all the wars on the American continent. During the French and Indian War, a group of Ojibwas, in the American Revolutionary War, the Indians around Milwaukee were some of the few Indians who remained loyal to the American cause throughout the Revolution. After American independence, the Indians fought the United States in the Northwest Indian War as part of the Council of Three Fires, during the War of 1812, Indians held a council in Milwaukee in June 1812, which resulted in their decision to attack Chicago. This resulted in the Battle of Fort Dearborn on August 15,1812, the War of 1812 did not end well for the Indians, and after the Black Hawk War in 1832, the Indians in Milwaukee signed their final treaty with the United States in Chicago in 1833. This paved the way for American settlement, Europeans had arrived in the Milwaukee area prior to the 1833 Treaty of Chicago. French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries, alexis Laframboise, in 1785, coming from Michilimackinac settled a trading post, therefore, he is the first European descent resident of the Milwaukee region. Early explorers called the Milwaukee River and surrounding lands various names, Melleorki, Milwacky, Mahn-a-waukie, Milwarck, for many years, printed records gave the name as Milwaukie. One story of Milwaukees name says, ne day during the thirties of the last century a newspaper calmly changed the name to Milwaukee, the spelling Milwaukie lives on in Milwaukie, Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted. Milwaukee has three founding fathers, Solomon Juneau, Byron Kilbourn, and George H. Walker, Solomon Juneau was the first of the three to come to the area, in 1818. He was not the first European settler but founded a town called Juneaus Side, or Juneautown, in competition with Juneau, Byron Kilbourn established Kilbourntown west of the Milwaukee River and made sure the streets running toward the river did not join with those on the east side
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Clockwise from top left:
Milwaukee skyline and
Lake Michigan,
Milwaukee Art Museum,
Milwaukee Central Library,
Allen-Bradley Clock Tower, Marquette Hall at
Marquette University,
Milwaukee City Hall,
Miller Park, and the
Basilica of St. Josaphat.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Statue of
Solomon Juneau, who helped establish the city of Milwaukee
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Illustrated map of Milwaukee in 1872
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Milwaukee's
Lake Front Depot in 1898
