Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information. Misinformation can exist without specific malicious intent; disinformation is distinct in that it is deliberately deceptive and propagated. Misinformation can include inaccurate, incomplete, misleading, or false information as well as selective or half-truths.
A lithograph from the first large scale spread of disinformation in America, the Great Moon Hoax
Harry S. Truman displaying the inaccurate Chicago Tribune headline, an example of misinformation
Promoting more Peer Review to benefit the accuracy in information
Disinformation is false information deliberately spread to deceive people. Disinformation is an orchestrated adversarial activity in which actors employ strategic deceptions and media manipulation tactics to advance political, military, or commercial goals. Disinformation is implemented through attacks that "weaponize multiple rhetorical strategies and forms of knowing—including not only falsehoods but also truths, half-truths, and value judgements—to exploit and amplify culture wars and other identity-driven controversies."
Former Romanian secret police senior official Ion Mihai Pacepa exposed disinformation history in his book Disinformation (2013).
How Disinformation Can Be Spread, explanation by U.S. Defense Department (2001)
A framework for how disinformation spreads in social media
