Ukraine emerged as the concept of a nation, and the Ukrainians as a nationality, with the Ukrainian National Revival which began in the late 18th and early 19th century. The first wave of national revival is traditionally connected with the publication of the first part of "Eneyida" by Ivan Kotlyarevsky (1798). In 1846, in Moscow the "Istoriya Rusov ili Maloi Rossii" was published. During the Spring of Nations, in 1848 in Lemberg (Lviv) the Supreme Ruthenian Council was created which declared that Galician Ruthenians were part of the bigger Ukrainian nation. The council adopted the yellow and blue flag, the current Ukrainian flag.
Ukraine's borders were declared by the Ukrainian People's Republic delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919-20.
In Little Russia [i.e. Ukraine]. Photo by Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii, between 1905 and 1915.
The 1898 congress of Ukrainian writers in Lemberg (Lviv), commemorating the 100th anniversary of publishing "Eneyida"
The Ukrainianization program aimed at fostering Ukrainian ethnic identity among the population of Ukraine. This 1921 recruitment poster uses Ukrainian orthography to convey its message, "Son, join the School of Red Commanders [uk], and the defense of Soviet Ukraine will be ensured".
The national flag of Ukraine consists of equally sized horizontal bands of blue and yellow.
Leonid Kadenyuk at NASA, note different shades of blue on the patch and on the flag behind (1997)
The flag of Ukraine at Kyiv City Hall
Cossack flags depicted in Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks by Ilya Repin, 1880–1891