The modern pentathlon is an Olympic sport that comprises five different events. This last event is now referred to as the laser-run, since it alternates four legs of laser pistol shooting followed by an 800 m run; the event is inspired by the traditional pentathlon held during the ancient Olympics. The sport has been a core sport of the Olympic Games since 1912 despite attempts to remove it. A world championships for modern pentathlon has been held annually since 1949; the competition took place over four or five days. Modern pentathlon, despite its long Olympic history, has had to justify its inclusion in the modern Olympic Games several times. On February 11, 2013 in Lausanne, the IOC confirmed modern pentathlon once again as one of the 25 core sports of the Olympic program through to 2020; the governing body, Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne, administers the international sport in more than 90 countries. The foundation of the modern pentathlon is disputed. On the one hand, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, claimed authorship.

On the other hand, Viktor Balck, the President of the Organizing Committee for the 1912 Games, showed that he made use of the long tradition of Swedish military multi-sports events, to create a manageable modern pentathlon. The name derives from the Greek péntathlon "contest of five events"; the addition of modern to the name distinguishes it from the original pentathlon of the ancient Olympic Games, which consisted of the stadion foot race, long jump and discus. As the events of the ancient pentathlon were modeled after the skills of the ideal soldier to defend a castle of that time, Coubertin created the contest to simulate the experience of a 19th-century cavalry soldier behind enemy lines: he must ride an unfamiliar horse, fight enemies with pistol and sword and run to return to his own soldiers. In the 1912 Games, with only officers competing, they were, permitted to use their own horses. Up to the 1952 Olympics the ordinary cavalry soldier was considered a professional athlete, as he was riding and training horses for a living, while the officer was the amateur.

As long as there was no official international federation for Modern Pentathlon an IOC committee was set up for the sport making use of the expertise of IOC members. The event was first held at the 1912 Olympic Games, was won by Swedish athlete Gösta Lilliehöök; the modern pentathlon has been on the Olympic program continuously since 1912. A team event was added to the Olympic Games in 1952 and discontinued in 1992. After much lobby work of the President of the German Modern Pentathlon Federation Prof. Wilhelm Henze, women were for the first time admitted at the World Championships in 1977, at the official world championships in 1981. An event for women was added in 2000. A World Championship is held every year; the competitions include Men and Women's Individual and Team event together with relay events for Men and Women and, since 2010, a mixed relay event. Athletes gain points for their performance in each event and scores are combined to give the overall total. In the modern pentathlon, starting times for the last event, are staggered so that the first person to cross the finish line is the winner.

Before the last event competitors are ranked according to their score from the other disciplines and given start times accordingly, with the leader going first. The first person to cross the finish line, therefore, is the overall points leader and wins the pentathlon; the fencing discipline uses the épée. The competition is a round-robin; each match lasts up to one minute. Double hits are not counted. If neither scores within one minute, they both lose the match; the swimming discipline is a 200 m freestyle race. Until the 2000 Olympics, the distance was 300 metres. Competitors are seeded in heats according to their fastest time over the distance; the riding discipline involves show jumping over a 350–450 m course with 12 to 15 obstacles. Competitors are paired with horses in a draw 20 minutes before the start of the event; the laser-run is a combination of the running and shooting events so that each competitor ran three 1000m laps, each preceded by hitting five targets with a pistol. In each of the four rounds of firing, athletes have to shoot five targets, loading the laser gun after each shot.

They resume running once they have five successful hits, or once the maximum shooting time of 50 seconds has expired. Misses are not penalised; the current format maintains the principle that the overall winner will be the first to cross the finish line. Until 2009, the shooting discipline involved firing a 4.5 mm air pistol in the standing position from 10 metres distance at a stationary target. The format was that of the 10 metre air pistol competition: each competitor had 20 shots, with 40 seconds allowed for each shot. Beginning with the Rancho Mirage World Cup, the pistols changed to a laser instead of an actual projectile. There is a slight delay between the trigger pull and the laser firing, simulating the time it would take for a pellet to clear the muzzle; the running

White Parker was a son of Mah-Cheeta-Wookey and Quanah Parker, chief of the Comanches. He married Laura E. Clark, a daughter of Reverend and Mrs. M. A. Clark, a former Methodist missionary to the Comanches, they had at least three children: Patty Bertha, Cynthia Ann Joy, Milton Quanah. White Parker did Christian missionary work among the Comanche people, he studied for the ministry at Cook Bible School in Arizona. After graduation, Parker joined the Methodist Conference; the Parkers were active in the 1920s and'30s Saturday afternoon street meetings in Lawton, led by Rev. J. Leighton Read, a European-American missionary from Colony, Oklahoma. Parker had a varied religious background, his father was leader in the Native American Church. The Parker family brought the first non-Catholic church to the state of Texas, he received his education at a Presbyterian/Reformed institution, but affiliated with the Methodists when no Reformed missionary appointment was available. In 1920, Parker played a lead role in the silent film The Daughter of Dawn, a silent film directed by Norbert A. Myles shot in the Wichita Mountains of Southwest Oklahoma.

The story, played by an all-Indian cast of 300 Kiowas and Comanches, includes themes of love story, dance, deceit and concludes with a happy ending. This is a important film in American cinema as it is the first full-length movie of an American Indian story, that uses all American Indian actors; the film has been digitized. White Parker and his wife are buried in the Highland Cemetery, Comanche County, Oklahoma

Aastha: In the Prison of Spring is a 1997 Bollywood film and directed by Basu Bhattacharya. The film stars Rekha, Om Puri, Navin Nischol and Daisy Irani in the main roles; the film went on to receive both critical acclaim and commercial success, the latter of which had eluded Basu in his last few films. Subsequently, spurred on by this success, Basu was planning to remake the film in English, though he died in June 1997, at the age 62; the film's success was described as blurring the gap between Indian art and commercial cinema, where art film makers, dealing with serious issues, used a musical format to make the film more commercially appealing, thus reaching a wider audience. Rekha received a nomination of 1997 Star Screen Award for Best Actress. In the movie, Rekha had the controversial role of a married woman who turns into a prostitute, criticized by the audience. About her role in the movie, Rekha said, "After'Aastha: In the Prison of Spring' people had a lot to say about my role of a wife who moonlights as a prostitute.

I don't have problems playing anything. I've reached a stage where I could do justice to any role that came my way, it could be role of a mother, a sister-in-law. Mansi and Amar have been married for years, have a daughter by this marriage. Amar is employed full-time, while Mansi looks after the household chores and their daughter. Amar earns a steady income, which enables the family to live comfortably, but they cannot afford to be extravagant at all. One day while buying shoes for her daughter, Mansi realizes that shoes are expensive, wants to leave the store without purchasing them. Another woman customer named Reena offers to pay for the shoes, as she feels sorry for Mansi. Mansi reluctantly accepts Reena's offer to pay for the shoes, not realizing that Reena has paid for these shoes with a secret agenda that will open a new door in Mansi's life dragging her to prostitution to satisfy materialistic needs. Mr Dutt and Mansi had love sex feeling her exciting; the film was seen as follow up of the noted trilogy Basu Bhattacharya made around marital discord in the 1970s, with Anubhav and Griha Pravesh.

Aastha turned out to be Basu's last movie, is set again in the institution of marriage, although here Basu illustrates his response to the growing materialism in the 1990s and explores its impact on modern, urban marriage, as well as moral values. A bored and restless housewife, who has a young school-going daughter, awakens to her sexuality post mid-life, in the process falls into the trap of prostitution, she wants material comforts and finds her professor husband's income inadequate for it. She agrees to have a liaison with another man, in exchange for gifts and money, in the absence of her husband, shown as being principled. Though she is unable to reconcile with the new reality, as guilt and remorse regarding her choices, soon overshadow the joys of her few found comforts and sexual escapades, it remains one of few films in Bollywood, which explore a woman's sexuality outside marriage, The soundtrack is composed by Shaarang Dev with the lyrics penned by Gulzar. Aastha: In the Prison of Spring on IMDb

Iceland Foods Ltd is a British supermarket chain headquartered in Deeside, Wales. It has an emphasis including prepared meals and vegetables, they sell non-frozen grocery items such as produce, meat and dry goods. The company has an approximate 2.2% share of the UK food market. Iceland began business in 1970, when Malcolm Walker opened the first store in Leg Street, Shropshire, with his business partner Peter Hinchcliffe. Together, they invested £60 for one month's rent at the store; the name'Iceland' was suggested by Walker's wife Rhianydd. They were still employees of Woolworths at the time, their employment was terminated once their employer discovered their job on the side. Iceland specialised in loose frozen food. By 1977, they'd opened a new store in Manchester selling own-labelled packaged food, by 1978 it had 28 stores to its name. In 1983, the business grew by purchasing the 18 stores of Bristol-based St. Catherine's Freezer Centres, in 1984 the business went public for the first time; the cash investment was used to purchase South East-based Orchard Frozen Foods in 1986, the purchase of larger rival Bejam in 1988.

In 1993, Iceland took over the food halls of the Littlewoods department store and acquired the French Au Gel chain. The latter move proved unsuccessful and the stores were dropped within a year. In 1996, eight stores were opened in seven in Dublin and one in Letterkenny, they all closed down in 2005 owing to financial difficulties. The supermarket attempted ties with British Home Stores. In May 2000, Iceland merged with Booker plc with Booker's Stuart Rose taking the role of CEO of the merged company, he left for the Arcadia Group in November 2000 and was replaced by Bill Grimsey in January 2001. Soon after Grimsey's appointment, Malcolm Walker, Iceland's founder and chairman, was forced to stand down, as it was revealed that he had sold £13.5 million of Iceland shares just five weeks before the company released the first of several profits warnings. Walker was cleared of these allegations in October 2004. Iceland's holding company was renamed the Big Food Group in February 2002, attempted a refocus on the convenience sector with a bid for Londis.

Grimsey remained until the takeover and demerger of the Big Food Group by a consortium led by the Icelandic company, Baugur Group, in February 2005. Walker returned to his previous role at Iceland. Iceland's website has a page critical of Grimsey's period in control. After Baugur Group collapsed in 2009, a 77% stake in Iceland came into the ownership of the Icelandic banks Landsbanki and Glitnir. In 2012 the stake was purchased by a consortium including Graham Kirkham. Since Malcolm Walker's return to the company, Iceland has reduced the workforce by 500 jobs at the Deeside head office, with 300 jobs moved in September as a result of a relocation of a distribution warehouse from Deeside to Warrington. During July 2006, 300 workers took industrial action with the support of their union, blocking several lorries from entering the depot. Despite this, the transfer to Warrington took place and the new warehouse was outsourced to DHL in April 2007. In November 2008, Iceland re-entered the Irish market, when it reopened a store in Ballyfermot in Dublin, after Iceland agreed a franchise deal with an Irish cash and carry company, AIM, in November 2009 a second store reopened in Finglas, Dublin.

A third opened on the Navan Road in September 2010. A fourth store opened in the Ilac Centre in Dublin in November 2010. There are now ten Iceland stores in Ireland. In January 2009, Iceland announced that it would buy 51 stores in the UK from the failed Woolworths Group chain, three days after the final 200 Woolworths stores closed their doors for the last time. In April 2009, Iceland announced plans to close its appliance showrooms by September 2009 to concentrate on food retailing. Iceland's sales for the year ended 27 March 2009 were £2.08 billion, a 16% increase on the previous year, with net profits of £113.7 million. An additional Iceland store opened in Dudley town centre on 2 December 2010 in part of the former Beatties department store, 21 years after their initial departure from the town. Iceland operates stores in Spain and Portugal, in conjunction with Spanish-based retailer Overseas; the stores stock Iceland products as well as Waitrose's. On 28 July 2012 Iceland opened a store in Iceland.

Today Iceland operates 3 24/7 stores located in the capital Reykjavík. Sandpiper CI has four in Guernsey. Via franchise agreement with a local food importer and distributor, Iceland operates in Malta. - from 1998 - this was the supply only of Iceland-branded products to supermarkets, but from 2015 the operation opened its first Iceland store in Birkirkara. Further stores opened in Mosta and Qawra with a 4th store in Marsascala opening in 2018; the Malta offering differs to that in the UK. There is a greater emphasis on non-frozen produce and stores feature fresh fruit and veg and bakery sections. Indeed in the Mosta store, most of the retail space is taken up with non-frozen produce and features manned bakery, butchers and fruit and veg counters, meaning the store is more akin to a conventional supermarket than it is a frozen food store. In 2013, two labs, one in Ireland and another in Germany, on behalf of the Irish state agency FSAI, identified 0.1% equine DNA in some Iceland products. Malcolm Walker caused controversy when on a BBC Panorama programme he was asked why the products had passed British tests but failed the Irish ones.

He replied, "Well, that's the Irish, isn'

H. M. Martin and Son was a South Australian winemaking company based at Stonyfell in the Adelaide Hills. Henry Maydwell "Harry" Martin was a son of Edward Montgomrey Martin who, with his wife Ann and their family migrated to South Australia from England on the Anglia, arriving at Port Adelaide on 5 March 1851, he was educated at J. L. Young's Adelaide Educational Institute, started work as secretary and accountant for Stonyfell Wines, founded by Henry Septimus Clark around 1860 and managed by his brother-in-law Joseph Crompton. Harry learned much of the art and science of winemaking from Henry Tyler, Crompton's cellar manager, when, in the economic depression of 1884, the business was taken over by the Bank of Adelaide, leased sold to quarry operator Henry Dunstan, Harry was taken on as his accountant, purchased Crompton's house "Ilfracombe" on Stonyfell Road in 1888. In 1902 Harry took on his younger son Ronald, who had graduated from Roseworthy Agricultural College and leased the vineyards and cellars from Dunstan, in 1934 purchased the property from the Dunstan estate, having in 1926 set up the company H. M. Martin and Son to purchase their business and provide working capital.

Harry died two years and Ronald became chairman of directors, with his cousin Darwin Clark in charge of the cellars and vineyards. They took over the "Metala" vineyards of Langhorne W. Salter's vineyards in Angaston. Ronald was killed in 1950. Michael Auld became managing director, succeeded in 1962 by Ronald's son Henry Maydwell Martin II. In 1972 the company was taken over by Dalgety Australia Ltd. Since the vineyards at Stonyfell, which covered 70 acres, have been taken over for housing. Edward Montgomrey Martin, a first cousin of James Montgomrey of Brentford, married Ann Thornton on 6 June 1835; the family travelled to South Australia on the Anglia, arriving 5 March 1851 James Edward Martin married Ann "Annie" Goodman on 28 April 1866. Solicitor Lucy Martin married John Howard Clark on 15 October 1858 Anna "Annie" Montgomerie Martin headmistress Miss Martin's School. Headmistresses were Caroline "Cara" Clark, J. Moncrieff. Mary Jane "Pollie" Martin married James Arthur Whitfield on 27 April 1871 Henry Maydwell "Harry" Martin married Rosa Clark on 6 August 1874.

Ellen was a daughter of Edward Montgomrey Martin's good friend Francis Clark and his wife Caroline née Hill. Among their children were:Emily Rosa Martin married Frank Robert Burden on 26 December 1903, their daughter Nora Burden was a stained glass artist. Ernest Montgomerie Martin A. M. I. E. E. Married Lorna Gledstanes Jacob on 27 September 1913. Ernest, an electrical engineer, joined Ellis and Clark in 1909, was major shareholder in H. M. Martin and Son, he and Lorna were the parents of Mary Maydwell Martin. Ronald Henry Martin married Hilda Mildmay Landseer on 20 February 1912. Ronald was killed in a car crash near Bordertown. Ruth Landseer Martin married Alan Cowling in 1938. Katherine Landseer Martin married Dr. John Gardner McGlashan in 1943. Henry Maydwell Martin II married Elaine Blair Good in 1947. Frederick "Fred" Martin married writer Catherine Edith Macauley Mackay home "Melness", Hackney Euphemia "Effie" Martin married Matthew Symonds Clark on 29 August 1874 Francis Clark and Sons The Martin/Clark Book Committee The Hatbox Letters, Published by the authors, Adelaide, 1999.

ISBN 0-646-36207-0 Bishop, Geoffrey C. The Vineyards of Adelaide, Lynton Publications Pty. Ltd. 1977 ISBN 0-86946-280-6

Seven Sisters Road is a road in north London, England which runs within the boroughs of Islington and Haringey. It is an extension of Camden Road, running from Holloway Road at the Nags Head crossroads on to another crossroads with Blackstock Road and Stroud Green Road, it carries on uphill alongside Finsbury Park to Manor House, from there downhill to the junction with Tottenham High Road at Seven Sisters Corner. The road was constructed in 1833 by the Metropolitan Turnpike Trust. Seven Sisters Road is part of the A503; the stretch running past Finsbury Park is open to the park on the west side, on the east side are large Victorian villas now used as hotels. The "Seven Sisters" after which the road is named were seven trees located opposite its junction with Tottenham High Road; this is made clear in the legislation authorising its construction, where the route of the road was described as running:...from the Stamford Hill Road in the Parish of Tottenham, in the said County of Middlesex, nearly opposite to certain Trees called the Seven Sisters...

This junction is known as Wards Corner, reflecting the name of the large department store that stood on this corner. The Hetchins bicycle shop and frame factory were situated in Seven Sisters Road, on the site of what is now Apex House. In the early morning hours of 19 June 2017, a man rammed a vehicle, hitting pedestrians on Seven Sisters Road near the Finsbury Park Mosque. One person was killed and about 10 were injured during the attack. Notable buildings along the road include: The Rainbow Theatre The Sir George Robey Finsbury Park station Singer Shirley Bassey was a resident of Seven Sisters Road during the 1950s before she became famous; the 1979 single "Saturday Night" by the Leyton Buzzards features the line "I discovered heaven in the Seven Sisters Road". Portland, Oregon based rock band Dan Reed Network released a song written by Dan Reed called Seven Sisters Road on the album Slam in 1989; the song was included on the album Live At Last in 1997. The 1992 novel The Seven Sisters by Margaret Drabble contains a brief reference to the road.

The Swedish singer Meja's 1998 album "Seven Sisters" featured a track called Seven Sisters Road and contained the lyric "I'm going home on the Seven Sisters Road". Rob Fleming, the main character in Nick Hornby's book High Fidelity, lives in Seven Sisters Road. London electropop band Real Lies released a 2015 single entitled Seven Sisters which followed their earlier single, of a similar road theme,'North Circular'