Mohave Valley
The Mohave Valley is a valley located on the east shore of the south-flowing Colorado River in northwest Arizona. The valley extends into California's San Bernardino County; the main part of the valley lies in southwest Mohave County, Arizona and is at the intersection of the southeast Mojave and northwest Sonoran deserts. The valley extends into the three states of California and Nevada, the Fort Mojave Indian Reservation extends into them as well. On the west, the valley borders the Dead Mountains of California which overlook the tri-state intersection point. Needles on Interstate 40 lies on the southwest margin of the valley overlooking the Havasu National Wildlife Refuge and Topock Marsh; the village of Topock is located at the south end of the valley where the Chemehuevi Mountains of California restrict the Colorado to the narrow Mohave Canyon. Mohave Valley up to 10 miles wide at some areas. Mohave Valley, Arizona, in the center of the reservation, is at the center point of the valley. Bullhead City is at the northern perimeter of the valley.
Downstream, southeast, near the southern valley perimeter is the Topock Marsh in Arizona, on the southern perimeter, Interstate 40 in Arizona as it ascends uphill out of the Sacramento Wash, enters the entire north-south Sacramento Valley which lies on the east and partial south of the Black Mountains. Mohave Valley, town center of the reservation, is located at 34°57′25″N 114°35′5″W; the Boundary Cone landmark, lies east, at the northwest perimeter of the Black Mesa, a subsection mountain region at the southern end of the Black Mountains. The southern end of the valley begins elevated regions, with the Mohave Mountains directly south, Dutch Flat, east of the Mohave Mountains, which drains northwest into Sacramento Wash; the southeast of the valley meets the outfall of Sacramento Wash, associated drainage plains. Other washes drain through the eastern Mohave Valley plains and foothills into the Topock Marsh from the southwest of the Black Mountains, the extensive range which goes north 75 miles to Lake Mead.
While in Arizona the Sacramento Wash drains the Sacramento Valley southwest of Kingman, in Nevada the Piute Wash drains the Piute Valley of southeast Nevada. A separate drainage lies between them on the Havasu-Mohave Lakes Drainage; these three drainages, the west and east all drain into the Mohave Valley region. Boundary Cone Mohave Valley area map.
Mohave County, Arizona
Mohave County is in the northwestern corner of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census, its population was 200,186; the county seat is Kingman, the largest city is Lake Havasu City. Mohave County includes the Lake Havasu City-Kingman, Arizona Metropolitan Statistical Area, included in the Las Vegas-Henderson, Nevada-Arizona Combined Statistical Area. Mohave County contains parts of Grand Canyon National Park and Lake Mead National Recreation Area and all of the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument; the Kaibab, Fort Mojave and Hualapai Indian Reservations lie within the county. Mohave County was the one of four original Arizona Counties created by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature; the county territory was defined as being west of longitude 113° 20' and north of the Bill Williams River. Pah-Ute County was created from it in 1865 and was merged back into Mohave County in 1871 when much of its territory was ceded to Nevada in 1866; the county's present boundaries were established in 1881.
The county is notable for being home to a large polygamous Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints sect located in Colorado City. Mohave County has had five county seats: Mohave City, Cerbat, Mineral Park, Kingman. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 13,461 square miles, of which 13,311 square miles is land and 150 square miles is water, it is the second-largest county by area in Arizona and the fifth-largest in the contiguous United States. The county consists of two sections divided by the Grand Canyon, with no direct land communication between them; the northern section and less populated, forms the western part of the Arizona Strip, bordering Utah and Nevada. The larger southern section borders Nevada and California across the Colorado River, which forms most of the county's western boundary; the southern section includes Kingman, the county seat, other cities, as well as part of the Mojave Desert. Washington County, Utah - north Kane County, Utah - northeast Coconino County - east Yavapai County - east La Paz County - south San Bernardino County, California - southwest Clark County, Nevada - west Lincoln County, Nevada - northwestMohave County and its adjacent counties form the largest such block of counties outside of Alaska.
Their combined land area is larger than that of the state of Idaho. They include the #1, #2, #5, #7 largest counties outside of Alaska. Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge Grand Canyon National Park Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument Havasu National Wildlife Refuge Kaibab National Forest Lake Mead National Recreation Area Pipe Spring National MonumentThere are 18 official wilderness areas in Mohave County that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Most of these are managed by the Bureau of Land Management, but some are integral parts of the preceding protected areas, or have shared jurisdiction with the BLM; some extend into neighboring counties All wilderness areas within Grand Canyon-Parashant NM are managed by BLM, although the National Monument shares management with the National Park Service: Arrastra Mountain Wilderness in Yavapai County, AZ and La Paz County, AZ Aubrey Peak Wilderness Beaver Dam Mountains Wilderness in Washington County, UT Cottonwood Point Wilderness Grand Wash Cliffs Wilderness managed by BLM Havasu Wilderness in San Bernardino County, CA Kanab Creek Wilderness in Coconino County, AZ Mount Logan Wilderness managed by BLM Mount Nutt Wilderness Mount Tipton Wilderness Mount Trumbull Wilderness managed by BLM Mount Wilson Wilderness Paiute Wilderness managed by BLM Rawhide Mountains Wilderness in La Paz County, AZ Swansea Wilderness in La Paz County, AZ Upper Burro Creek Wilderness in Yavapai County, AZ Wabayuma Peak Wilderness Warm Springs Wilderness As of the 2000 census, there were 155,032 people, 62,809 households, 43,401 families residing in the county.
The population density was 12 people per square mile. There were 80,062 housing units at an average density of 6 per square mile; the racial makeup of the county was 90.06% White, 0.54% Black or African American, 2.41% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 4.00% from other races, 2.13% from two or more races. 11.08% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 62,809 households out of which 25.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.10% were married couples living together, 9.30% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.90% were non-families. 24.10% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.30% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.87. In the county, the population was spread out with 23.10% under the age of 18, 6.50% from 18 to 24, 23.20% from 25 to 44, 26.70% from 45 to 64, 20.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years.
For every 100 females there were 98.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.80 males. The median income for a household in the county was $31,521, the median income for a family was $36,311. Males had a median income of $28,505 versus $20,632 for females; the per capita income for the county was $16,788. About 9.80% of families and 13.90% o
Kingman, Arizona
Kingman is a city in and the county seat of Mohave County, United States. According to the 2010 census, the population of the city is 28,068; the nearby communities of Butler, Golden Valley bring the Kingman area total population to over 45,000. Kingman is located about 105 miles southeast of Las Vegas and about 165 miles northwest of the state capital, Phoenix. Lt. Edward Fitzgerald Beale, a U. S. Navy officer in the service of the U. S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers, was ordered by the U. S. War Department to build a federal wagon road across the 35th Parallel, his secondary orders were to test the feasibility of the use of camels as pack animals in the southwestern desert. Beale traveled through the present day Kingman in 1857 surveying the road and in 1859 to build the road. Beale's Wagon Road became part of Highway 66 and Interstate Highway 40. Remnants of the wagon road can still be seen in White Cliffs Canyon in Kingman. Kingman, was founded in 1882, when Arizona was still Arizona Territory.
Situated in the Hualapai Valley between the Cerbat and Hualapai mountain ranges, Kingman is known for its modest beginnings as a simple railroad siding near Beale’s Springs in the Middleton Section along the newly constructed route of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. The city of Kingman was named for Lewis Kingman, who surveyed along the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad's right-of-way between Needles, Calif. and Albuquerque, N. M. Lewis Kingman supervised the building of the railroad from Winslow, Ariz. to Beale's Springs, near the present location of the town of Kingman. The Mohave County seat was located in Mohave City from 1864 to 1867; the portion of Arizona Territory west of the Colorado River was transferred to Nevada in 1865 after Nevada's statehood, became part of Lincoln County, Nevada Clark County, Nevada. The remaining territory of Pah-Ute County became part of Mohave County, its seat was moved to Hardyville in 1867. The county seat transferred to the mining town of Cerbat in 1873 to Mineral Park near Chloride in 1877.
In 1887, the county seat was moved to Kingman after some period of time without a permanent county seat, the instruments and records of Mohave County government were taken clandestinely from Chloride and moved to Kingman in the middle of the night during this final transfer of the county seat. During World War II, Kingman was the site of a U. S. Army Air Force airfield; the Kingman Army Airfield was founded at the beginning of WW II as an aerial gunnery training base. It became airmen; the airfield and Kingman played a significant role in this important era of America's history. Following the war, the Kingman Airfield served as one of the largest and best-known reclamation sites for obsolete military aircraft. Postwar, Kingman experienced growth as several major employers moved into the vicinity. In 1953 Kingman was used to detain those men accused of practicing polygamy in the Short Creek raid, at the time one of the largest arrests in American history. In 1955, Ford Motor Company established a proving ground in nearby Yucca, Arizona at the former Yucca Army Airfield.
Several major new neighborhoods in Kingman were developed to house the skilled workers and professionals employed at the proving ground, as Kingman was the only sizable, developed town within a convenient distance. The development of the Duval copper mine near adjacent Chloride and construction of the Mohave Generating Station in nearby Laughlin, Nevada, in 1971 contributed to Kingman's population growth; the location of a General Cable plant at what was to become the Kingman Airport Industrial Park provided a steady employment base as well. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 30.0 square miles, all of it land. Kingman sits on the eastern edge of the Mojave Desert, but is located in a cold semi-arid climate due the plateau location; the BSk climate type receives more precipitation than the BWh hot desert climate found to the south and west, the wintertime low temperatures are colder. Kingman's higher elevation and location between the Colorado Plateau and the Lower Colorado River Valley keeps summer high temperatures away from the extremes experienced by Phoenix and the Colorado River Valley.
The higher elevation contributes to winter cold and occasional snowfall. Summer daytime highs reach above 90 °F but exceed 107 °F. Summertime lows remain between 60 to 70 °F. Winter highs are mild, ranging from around 50 to 65 °F, but winter nighttime lows fall to freezing, with lower temperatures possible. Kingman receives a dusting of snow in the winter, though it remains on the ground for longer than the mid-to-late morning; the record low temperature in Kingman was set on January 9, 1937 at 6 °F, the record high temperature occurred on June 20, 2017, at 113 °F. The wettest year was 1919 with 21.22 inches and the driest year was 1947 with 3.58 inches. The most rainfall in one month was 9.85 inches in September 1939. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 6.03 inches on November 28, 1919. The snowiest year was 1949 with 18.2 inches. The most snowfall in one month was 14.0 inches in December 1932. On December 31, 2014 and January 1, 2015, Kingman received 6.5 inches of snow. The storm was so significant that it was a contributing factor for closing Interstate 40 at the US 93 Junction for 24 hours
Mohave people
Mohave or Mojave are a Native American people indigenous to the Colorado River in the Mojave Desert. The Fort Mojave Indian Reservation includes territory within the borders of California and Nevada; the Colorado River Indian Reservation includes parts of California and Arizona and is shared by members of the Chemehuevi and Navajo peoples. The original Colorado River and Fort Mojave reservations were established in 1865 and 1870, respectively. Both reservations include substantial senior water rights in the Colorado River; the four combined tribes sharing the Colorado River Indian Reservation function today as one geo-political unit known as the federally recognized Colorado River Indian Tribes. In the 1930s, George Devereux, a Hungarian-French anthropologist, did fieldwork and lived among the Mohave for an extended period of study, he published extensively about their culture and incorporated psychoanalytic thinking in his interpretation of their culture. The Mojave language belongs to the River Yuman branch of the Yuman language family.
In 1994 75 people in total on the Colorado River and Fort Mojave reservations spoke the language, according to linguist Leanne Hinton. The tribe has published language materials, there are new efforts to teach the language to their children; the Mohave creator is Matevilya, who gave the people their commandments. His son is Mastamho, who taught them how to plant; this was an agrarian culture. They have traditionally used the indigenous plant Datura as a deliriant hallucinogen in a religious sacrament. A Mohave, coming of age must consume the plant in a rite of passage, in order to enter a new state of consciousness. Much of early Mojave history remains unrecorded in writing, since the Mojave language was not written in precolonial times, they depended on oral communication to transmit their history and culture from one generation to the next. Disease, outside cultures and encroachment on their territory disrupted their social organization. Together with having to adapt to a majority culture of another language, this resulted in interrupting the Mojave transmission of their stories and songs to the following generations.
The tribal name has been spelled in Spanish and English transliteration in more than 50 variations, such as Hamock avi, Amacava, A-mac-ha ves, A-moc-ha-ve, Hamakhav. This has led to misinterpretations of the tribal name partly traced to a translation error in Frederick W. Hodge's 1917 Handbook of the American Indians North of Mexico; this incorrectly defined the name Mohave as being derived from hamock, avi. According to this source, the name refers to the mountain peaks known as The Needles in English, located near the Colorado River.. But, the Mojave call these peaks Huqueamp avi, which means "where the battle took place," referring to the battle in which the God-son, slew the sea serpent; the Mojave held lands along the river that stretched from Black Canyon, where the tall pillars of First House of Mutavilya loomed above the river, past Avi kwame or Spirit Mountain, the center of spiritual things, to the Quechan Valley, where the lands of other tribes began. As related to contemporary landmarks, their lands began in the north at Hoover Dam and ended about one hundred miles below Parker Dam on the Colorado River, or aha kwahwat in Mojave.
In mid-April 1859, United States troops, led by Lieutenant Colonel William Hoffman, on the Expedition of the Colorado, moved upriver into Mojave country with the well-publicized objective of establishing a military post. By this time, white immigrants and settlers had begun to encroach on Mojave lands and the post was intended to protect east-west European-American emigrants from attack by the Mojave. Hoffman sent couriers among the tribes, warning that the post would be gained by force if they or their allies chose to resist. During this period, several members of the Rose party were massacred by the Mojave; the Mojave warriors withdrew as Hoffman's armada approached and the army, without conflict, occupied land near the future Fort Mojave. Hoffman ordered the Mojave men to assemble on April 23, 1859 at the armed stockade adjacent to his headquarters, to hear Hoffman' terms of peace. Hoffman gave them the choice of submission or extermination and the Mojave chose submission. At that time the Mojave population was estimated to be about 4,000 which were comprised into 22 clans identified by totems.
Under American law the Mohave were to live on the Colorado River Reservation after its establishment in 1865. At this time, under jurisdiction of the War Department, officials declined to try to force them onto the reservation and the Mojave in the area were free to follow their tribal ways. In the midsummer of 1890, after the end of the Indian Wars, the War Department withdrew its troops and the post was transferred to the Office of Indian Affairs within the Department of the Interior. Beginning in August 1890, the Office of Indian Affairs began an intensive program of assimilation where Mohave, other native children living on reservations, were forced into boarding schools in which they learned to speak and read English; this assimilation program, Federal policy, was based on the belief that this was the only way native peoples could survive
Per capita income
Per capita income or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population. Per capita income is national income divided by population size. Per capita income is used to measure an area's average income and compare the wealth of different populations. Per capita income is used to measure a country's standard of living, it is expressed in terms of a used international currency such as the euro or United States dollar, is useful because it is known, is calculable from available gross domestic product and population estimates, produces a useful statistic for comparison of wealth between sovereign territories. This helps to ascertain a country's development status, it is one of the three measures for calculating the Human Development Index of a country. In the United States, it is defined by the U. S. Census Bureau as the following: "Per capita income is the mean money income received in the past 12 months computed for every man and child in a geographic area."
Critics claim that per capita income has several weaknesses in measuring prosperity: Comparisons of per capita income over time need to consider inflation. Without adjusting for inflation, figures tend to overstate the effects of economic growth. International comparisons can be distorted by cost of living differences not reflected in exchange rates. Where the objective is to compare living standards between countries, adjusting for differences in purchasing power parity will more reflect what people are able to buy with their money, it does not reflect income distribution. If a country's income distribution is skewed, a small wealthy class can increase per capita income while the majority of the population has no change in income. In this respect, median income is more useful when measuring of prosperity than per capita income, as it is less influenced by outliers. Non-monetary activity, such as barter or services provided within the family, is not counted; the importance of these services varies among economies.
Per capita income does not consider whether income is invested in factors to improve the area's development, such as health, education, or infrastructure. List of countries by average wage List of countries by GDP per capita—GDP at market or government official exchange rates per inhabitant List of countries by GDP per capita—GDP calculated at purchasing power parity exchange per inhabitant List of countries by GNI per capita List of countries by GNI per capita List of countries by income equality Total personal income
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is used in Canada, Romania and the United States. County towns have a similar function in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, in Jamaica. In most of the United States, counties are the political subdivisions of a state; the city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its respective county. The county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records and correctional facility are located in the county seat though some functions may be located or conducted in other parts of the county if it is geographically large. A county seat is but not always, an incorporated municipality; the exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia. Ellicott City, the county seat of Howard County, is the largest unincorporated county seat in the United States, followed by Towson, the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland.
Some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey, though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township, an incorporated municipality. In some of the colonial states, county seats include or included "Court House" as part of their name. In the Canadian provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in Taiwan are the administrative centers of the counties. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which are in the forms of county-administered city, urban township or rural township. Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont have two or more county seats located on opposite sides of the county. An example is Harrison County, which lists both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats; the practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days.
There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of pride for the towns involved. There are 36 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Coffee County, Alabama St. Clair County, Alabama Arkansas County, Arkansas Carroll County, Arkansas Clay County, Arkansas Craighead County, Arkansas Franklin County, Arkansas Logan County, Arkansas Mississippi County, Arkansas Prairie County, Arkansas Sebastian County, Arkansas Yell County, Arkansas Columbia County, Georgia Lee County, Iowa Campbell County, Kentucky Kenton County, Kentucky Essex County, Massachusetts Middlesex County, Massachusetts Plymouth County, Massachusetts Bolivar County, Mississippi Carroll County, Mississippi Chickasaw County, Mississippi Harrison County, Mississippi Hinds County, Mississippi Jasper County, Mississippi Jones County, Mississippi Panola County, Mississippi Tallahatchie County, Mississippi Yalobusha County, Mississippi Jackson County, Missouri Hillsborough County, New Hampshire Seneca County, New York Bennington County, Vermont In New England, the town, not the county, is the primary division of local government.
Counties in this region have served as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Connecticut and Rhode Island have no county level of thus no county seats. In Vermont and Maine the county seats are designated shire towns. County government consists only of a Superior Court and Sheriff, both located in the respective shire town. Bennington County has two shire towns. In Massachusetts, most government functions which would otherwise be performed by county governments in other states are performed by town or city governments; as such, Massachusetts has dissolved many of its county governments, the state government now operates the registries of deeds and sheriff's offices in those counties. In Virginia, a county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center. Two counties in South Dakota have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county, their county-level services are provided by Fall River Tripp County, respectively.
In Louisiana, divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as parish seats. Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the Unorganized Borough, which covers 49 % of Alaska's area, has equivalent. The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, the state with the fewest counties is Delaware, with 3. County seat war Administrative center County town, administrative centres in Ireland and the UK Chef-lieu, administrative centres in Algeria, Luxembourg, France and Tunisia Municipality, equivalent to county in many c
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is applied to living organisms, most of the time to humans, it is a key geographical term. In simple terms population density refers to the number of people living in an area per kilometer square. Population density is population divided by total land water volume, as appropriate. Low densities may lead to further reduced fertility; this is called the Allee effect after the scientist. Examples of the causes in low population densities include: Increased problems with locating sexual mates Increased inbreeding For humans, population density is the number of people per unit of area quoted per square kilometer or square mile; this may be calculated for a county, country, another territory or the entire world. The world's population is around 7,500,000,000 and Earth's total area is 510,000,000 square kilometers. Therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,500,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 14.7 per km2. If only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km2 is taken into account human population density is 50 per km2.
This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is excluded population density rises to over 55 people per km2. However, over half of the Earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human habitation, such as deserts and high mountains, population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh-water sources. Thus, this number by itself does not give any helpful measurement of human population density. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states and dependencies; these territories have a small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation The potential to maintain the agricultural aspects of deserts is limited as there is not enough precipitation to support a sustainable land. The population in these areas are low. Therefore, cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai, have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace.
Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo and Lagos in Africa fall into this category. City population and area are, however dependent on the definition of "urban area" used: densities are invariably higher for the central city area than when suburban settlements and the intervening rural areas are included, as in the areas of agglomeration or metropolitan area, the latter sometimes including neighboring cities. For instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, the surrounding suburbs excluded. In comparison, based on a world population of seven billion, the world's inhabitants, as a loose crowd taking up ten square feet per person, would occupy a space a little larger than Delaware's land area; the Gaza Strip has a population density of 5,046 pop/km.
Although arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide a more accurate measure of population density over a specific area. Arithmetic density: The total number of people / area of land Physiological density: The total population / area of arable land Agricultural density: The total rural population / area of arable land Residential density: The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land Urban density: The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land Ecological optimum: The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources Demography Human geography Idealized population Optimum population Population genetics Population health Population momentum Population pyramid Rural transport problem Small population size Distance sampling List of population concern organizations List of countries by population density List of cities by population density List of city districts by population density List of English districts by population density List of European cities proper by population density List of United States cities by population density List of islands by population density List of U.
S. states by population density List of Australian suburbs by population density Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density Duncan Smith / UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis. "World Population Density". Exploratory map shows data from the Global Human Settlement Layer produced by the European Commission JRC and the CIESIN Columbia University
