Momentum
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In Newtonian mechanics, momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. It is a vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction. If m is an object's mass and v is its velocity,
Momentum of a pool cue ball is transferred to the racked balls after collision.
Ibn Sīnā (980–1037)
René Descartes (1596–1650)
Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695)
Impulse (physics)
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In classical mechanics, impulse is the change in momentum of an object. It is most often used to describe forces which act over short time periods, specifically in the case of impacts and collisions,
Momentum
…instantaneous force F acting on it, F = d p d t . If the net force experienced by a particle changes as a function of time, F(t), the change in momentum (or impulse J) between times t1 and t2 is Δ p = J = ∫ t 1 t 2 F ( t ) d t . Impulse is measured in the derived units of the newton second (1 N⋅s = 1 kg⋅m/s) or…
A large force applied for a very short duration, such as a golf shot, is often described as the club giving the ball an impulse.