The monarchies of Malaysia exist in each of the nine Malay states under the constitutional monarchy system as practised in Malaysia. The political system of Malaysia is based on the Westminster parliamentary system in combination with features of a federation.
A seal containing the coat of arms of the nine monarchical states, inscribed with the word "Great Seal of the Malay Rulers" (Written as "موهور بسر راج٢ نݢري ملايو" ) in Jawi script, displayed in the Royal Museum, Kuala Lumpur. Clockwise from top: Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Johor and Perlis.
Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions. Constitutional monarchies differ from absolute monarchies in that they are bound to exercise powers and authorities within limits prescribed by an established legal framework.
The three constitutional monarchs of the Scandinavian kingdoms of Sweden, Norway & Denmark gathered in November 1917 in Oslo. From left to right: Gustaf V, Haakon VII & Christian X.
A meeting in the Japanese privy council in 1946 led by Hirohito.
