A monogram is a motif made by overlapping or combining two or more letters or other graphemes to form one symbol. Monograms are often made by combining the initials of an individual or a company, used as recognizable symbols or logos. A series of uncombined initials is properly referred to as a cypher and is not a monogram.
The Chi-Rho, a monogram of the first two letters of the Greek word for Christ
Zirkel composed of E, F, V.
Monogram on a ceramic tile, in Paris
Speciedaler of Denmark, bearing the double C7 monogram of Christian VII
A logo is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or to include the text of the name that it represents as in a wordmark.
A coin from early 6th century BC Lydia bearing the head of a roaring lion with sun rays
Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems
The Coca-Cola logo is identifiable in other writing-systems, here written in Cyrillic.
Nunc est bibendum (now is the time to drink), 1898 Michelin poster