1.
Jazz festival
–
This is an incomplete list of notable jazz music festivals, broken down geographically. The festivals mentioned here have at least some international recognition and this list excludes multi-genre music festivals with only a partial attention on jazz. Jazz has appeared in various festivals since the turn to 20th century, after the genre originated in African American communities during the late 19th and early 20th century. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, new Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop and cool jazz emerged in the 1940s, and the 1950s saw free jazz, hard bop, and modal jazz. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. See list of rock festivals for a more comprehensive list of early rock/pop festivals, detailing live psychedelic rock, electronic rock. Alabama AJHoF Annual Student Jazz Festival in Birmingham Gulf Coast Ethnic and Heritage Jazz Festival in Mobile Taste of 4th Avenue Jazz Festival in Birmingham W. C. Louis Jazz Festival in St
2.
Montreal
–
Montreal, officially Montréal, is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada as a whole. Originally called Ville-Marie, or City of Mary, it is believed to be named after Mount Royal, the city has a distinct four-season continental climate, with warm-to-hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, Montreal had a population of 1,704,694, Montreals metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration, with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included. Legally a French-speaking city,60. 5% of Montrealers speak French at home,21. 2% speak English and 19. 8% speak neither, Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 56% of the population able to speak both official languages. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris, historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film, Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design. In 2009, Montreal was named North Americas leading host city for international events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress. According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking, Quacquarelli Symonds ranked Montreal as the worlds best city to study abroad. Also, Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled, the Greater Montréal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics, currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In 2012, Montreal was ranked as a Beta+ world city, in Kanien’kéha, or Mohawk language, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang, though the city was first named by French colonizers Ville Marie, or City of Mary, its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The most popular theory is that the name derives from Mont Réal, Cartiers 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, according to the Commission de toponymie du Québec and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, Canadian place names have only one official form. Thus, Montreal is officially spelled with an accent over the e in both English and French. In practice, this is limited to governmental uses. English-speaking Montrealers, including English-language media, regularly omit the accent when writing in English, archaeological evidence demonstrates that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. By the year AD1000, they had started to cultivate maize, within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at locations in the valley since at least the 14th century
3.
Quebec
–
Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Quebec is Canadas largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division and it also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canadas second-most populous province, after Ontario, most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, the Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas, Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995, in 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq and Kébec. French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as La belle province, the Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years War. The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the Treaty of Versailles ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with each being granted an elected legislative assembly, in 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867, each became one of the first four provinces. In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal peoples. This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Located in the part of Canada, and part of Central Canada. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the composition of the ground, the climate. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Canadian Shield are the two main regions, and are radically different
4.
Canada
–
Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
5.
Alain Simard (businessman)
–
Alain Simard produces concerts, shows, and manages urban festivals. He conceived and founded the Festival International de Jazz de Montréal, the FrancoFolies de Montréal and MONTRÉAL EN LUMIÈRE, and is also the President-CEO of LÉquipe Spectra. Alain Simard began his career in production in 1969 with La Clef, a café-showroom he opened in Old Montréal. In the early 1970s, he joined the ranks of Productions Kosmos, working them to bring in major acts including Pink Floyd, Genesis, Gentle Giant, Weather Report, B. B. King. In that era, he worked as a columnist and music critic for Pop-Cycle. He also managed a number of artists including Paul Piché, Claude Dubois, Offenbach, in 1980, he organized the very first edition of the Festival International de Jazz de Montréal, which Guinness World Records now ranks as the « Worlds largest jazz Festival »). He launched the Spectrum de Montréal in 1983 and co-founded Audiogram Records in 1985 and he also presided over the acquisition of Studio Morin Heights, Métropolis and the Sogestalt and Amérimage television production companies. In 1989, he joined Jean-Louis Foulquier, founder of Francofolies de La Rochelle, in 2000, he founded the MONTRÉAL EN LUMIÈRE festival. In the summer of 2005, he launched a project to revitalize the vacant lots and spaces around Place des Arts, which spawned the Quartier des Spectacles Programme particulier d’urbanisme. Alain Simard has been a member of a number of boards of directors, including those led to founding ADISQ in 1980, Tourisme Montréal. Selected to represent Canada in Japan as part of TOYP, the award was presented by McGill University’s Desautels Faculty of Management. Chosen #1 from among the 25 most influential figures in January 2003 by La Presse, named Personality of the Week by La Presse on four occasions Honoured as a Grand Entrepreneur at the Gala Les Nouveaux Performants in February 2004. Named a Chevalier de lOrdre de la Pléiade in 2004, awarded the 2005 Prix de la réussite Entreprendre, male category, at the 9th Cercle Entreprendre du Québec dinner-gala. Named Ernst & Young 2005 Entrepreneur of the Year in Québec in the Media, elected “2006 Businessman of the Year”, the award was presented during the 19th Consumer Choice Awards Gala, held in April in Montréal. On June 16,2015, he was appointed Knight of l’Ordre national du Québec by the Prime Minister Philippe Couillard
6.
Guinness World Records
–
The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time. As of the 2017 edition, it is now in its 63rd year of publication, the international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. On 10 November 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, then the director of the Guinness Breweries, went on a shooting party in the North Slob, by the River Slaney in County Wexford. After missing a shot at a golden plover, he involved in an argument over which was the fastest game bird in Europe. That evening at Castlebridge House, he realised that it was impossible to confirm in reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europes fastest game bird. Beaver knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly in pubs throughout Ireland and abroad and he realised then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove successful. Beavers idea became reality when Guinness employee Christopher Chataway recommended University friends Norris and Ross McWhirter, the twin brothers were commissioned to compile what became The Guinness Book of Records in August 1954. A thousand copies were printed and given away, after the founding of The Guinness Book of Records at 107 Fleet Street, the first 198-page edition was bound on 27 August 1955 and went to the top of the British best seller lists by Christmas. The following year, it launched in the US, and sold 70,000 copies, since then, Guinness World Records has become a household name and the global leader in world records. Because the book became a hit, many further editions were printed, eventually settling into a pattern of one revision a year, published in September/October. The McWhirters continued to compile it for many years, Ross McWhirter was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1975. Following Ross assassination, the feature in the show where questions about records posed by children were answered was called Norris on the Spot, Guinness Superlatives Limited was formed in 1954 to publish the first book. Sterling Publishing owned the rights to the Guinness book in the US for decades, and, under their management, the group was owned by Guinness PLC and subsequently Diageo until 2001, when it was purchased by Gullane Entertainment. Gullane was itself purchased by HIT Entertainment in 2002, with offices in New York City and Tokyo, Guinness World Records global headquarters remain in London, while its museum attractions are based at Ripley headquarters in Orlando, Florida, US. Recent editions have focused on record feats by person competitors, many records also relate to the youngest person who achieved something, such as the youngest person to visit all nations of the world, being Maurizio Giuliano. Each edition contains a selection of the records from the Guinness database, as well as new records. The majority of records are no longer listed in the book or on the website. For those unable to wait the 4–6 weeks for a reply, the Guinness Book of Records is the worlds most sold copyrighted book, earning it an entry within its own pages
7.
Place des Arts
–
Place des Arts is a major performing arts centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the largest cultural and artistic complex in Montreal. The other theatres were added progressively, the Musée dart contemporain de Montréal was added to the complex on May 28,1992. The province of Quebec will spend CDN $34.2 million to change its esplanade into an outdoor stage that to host big events year round. This wealth of theatres permits the staging of opera, symphony, ballet and other dance, chamber music, choral music, theatre, film presentation, a bust of conductor Wilfrid Pelletier by sculptor Arto Tchakmaktchian is on permanent display in the entrance hall. In the summer the esplanade and the street in front of it make up one of the important outdoor sites of the Festival International de Jazz de Montréal. List of concert halls Place des Arts website in English Opéra de Montréal website in English Musée dart contemporain de Montréal Google SketchUp 3D Model Quartier des Spectacles website
8.
Charles Biddle
–
Charles Biddle was a Pennsylvania statesman and a member of the prominent Biddle family of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Biddle was born in 1745 to William Biddle, 3rd and Mary Scull, during his term, he was an ex officio trustee of the University of the State of Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Senate from 1810 to 1814 and he also was an associate of Aaron Burr. Biddle was elected Secretary of the Council on October 23. S
9.
Chuck Berry
–
Charles Edward Anderson Chuck Berry was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter and one of the pioneers of rock and roll music. With songs such as Maybellene, Roll Over Beethoven, Rock and Roll Music, Goode, Berry refined and developed rhythm and blues into the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive. Writing lyrics that focused on teen life and consumerism, and developing a style that included guitar solos and showmanship. Born into a middle-class African-American family in St. Louis, Missouri, Berry had an interest in music from an early age, while still a high school student he was convicted of armed robbery and was sent to a reformatory, where he was held from 1944 to 1947. After his release, Berry settled into married life and worked at an assembly plant. By early 1953, influenced by the guitar riffs and showmanship techniques of the blues musician T-Bone Walker and his break came when he traveled to Chicago in May 1955 and met Muddy Waters, who suggested he contact Leonard Chess, of Chess Records. With Chess, he recorded Maybellene—Berrys adaptation of the country song Ida Red—which sold over a million copies, reaching number one on Billboard magazines rhythm and blues chart. By the end of the 1950s, Berry was a star, with several hit records and film appearances. He had also established his own St. Louis nightclub, Berrys Club Bandstand, but in January 1962, he was sentenced to three years in prison for offenses under the Mann Act—he had transported a 14-year-old girl across state lines. After his release in 1963, Berry had several hits, including No Particular Place to Go, You Never Can Tell. His insistence on being paid in cash led in 1979 to a jail sentence and community service. Berry is included in several of Rolling Stone magazines greatest of all time lists, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll includes three of Berrys, Johnny B. Goode, Maybellene, and Rock and Roll Music, Berrys Johnny B. Goode is the only rock-and-roll song included on the Voyager Golden Record. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Berry was the child in a family of six. He grew up in the north St. Louis neighborhood known as the Ville and his father, Henry William Berry, was a contractor and deacon of a nearby Baptist church, his mother, Martha Bell, was a certified public school principal. His upbringing allowed him to pursue his interest in music from an early age, Berrys account in his autobiography is that his car broke down and he flagged down a passing car and stole it at gunpoint with a nonfunctional pistol. He was convicted and sent to the Intermediate Reformatory for Young Men at Algoa, near Jefferson City, Missouri, the singing group became competent enough that the authorities allowed it to perform outside the detention facility. Berry was released from the reformatory on his 21st birthday in 1947, on October 28,1948, Berry married Themetta Toddy Suggs, who gave birth to Darlin Ingrid Berry on October 3,1950
10.
Dave Brubeck
–
David Warren Dave Brubeck was an American jazz pianist and composer, considered to be one of the foremost exponents of cool jazz. He wrote a number of standards, including In Your Own Sweet Way. Brubecks style ranged from refined to bombastic, reflecting his mothers attempts at classical training and his music is known for employing unusual time signatures, and superimposing contrasting rhythms, meters, and tonalities. Brubeck experimented with time throughout his career, recording Pick Up Sticks in 6/4, Unsquare Dance in 7/4, Worlds Fair in 13/4. He was also a composer of orchestral and sacred music, and wrote soundtracks for television such as Mr. Broadway. Dave Brubeck was born in the San Francisco Bay Area city of Concord, California and his father had Swiss ancestry and possibly Native American Modoc lineage, while his maternal grandparents were English and German. Brubeck originally did not intend to become a musician, but took lessons from his mother and he could not read music during these early lessons, attributing this difficulty to poor eyesight, but faked his way through, well enough that this deficiency went mostly unnoticed. Intending to work with his father on their ranch, Brubeck entered the College of the Pacific in Stockton, California and he changed to music on the urging of the head of zoology, Dr. Arnold, who told him Brubeck, your minds not here. Its across the lawn in the conservatory, stop wasting my time and yours. Later, Brubeck was nearly expelled when one of his professors discovered that he could not read music on sight, several of his professors came forward, arguing that his ability to write counterpoint and harmony more than compensated, and demonstrated his familiarity with music notation. The college was still afraid that it would cause a scandal, after graduating in 1942, Brubeck was drafted into the U. S. Army. He served in Europe in the Third Army and he volunteered to play piano at a Red Cross show and was such a hit that he was spared from combat service and ordered to form a band. He created one of the U. S. armed forces first racially integrated bands, while serving in the military, Brubeck met Paul Desmond in early 1944. He returned to college after serving four years in the army. He studied under Darius Milhaud, who encouraged him to study fugue and orchestration, but not classical piano. While on active duty, he received two lessons from Arnold Schoenberg at UCLA in an attempt to connect with high modernist theory and practice. ”After completing his studies under Milhaud, Brubeck worked with an octet, and a trio including Cal Tjader and Ron Crotty. Highly experimental, the group made few recordings and got even fewer paying jobs, the trio was often joined by Paul Desmond on the bandstand, at Desmonds own insistence. Jack Sheedy owned San Francisco-based Coronet Records, which had recorded area Dixieland bands
11.
Chick Corea
–
Armando Anthony Chick Corea is an American jazz and fusion pianist, keyboardist, and composer. Many of his compositions are considered jazz standards, as a member of Miles Daviss band in the late 1960s, he participated in the birth of the electric jazz fusion movement. In the 1970s he formed Return to Forever, along with Herbie Hancock, McCoy Tyner, and Keith Jarrett, he has been described as one of the major jazz piano voices to emerge in the post-John Coltrane era. Corea continued to other collaborations and to explore various musical styles throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He is also known for promoting and fundraising for a number of social issues, armando Corea was born in Chesterfield, Massachusetts. He is of southern Italian and Spanish descent and his father, a jazz trumpet player who had led a Dixieland band in Boston in the 1930s and 1940s, introduced him to the piano at the age of four. Growing up surrounded by music, he was influenced at an early age by bebop and stars such as Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Bud Powell, Horace Silver. At eight Corea also took up drums, which would influence his use of the piano as a percussion instrument. Corea developed his skills by exploring music on his own. He also spent several years as a performer and soloist for the St. Rose Scarlet Lancers, given a black tuxedo by his father, he started playing gigs when in high school. He enjoyed listening to Herb Pomeroys band at the time, and had a trio that played Horace Silvers music at a jazz club. He eventually decided to move to New York City, where he studied education for one month at Columbia University. He quit after finding both disappointing, but liked the atmosphere of New York, and the scene became the starting point for his professional career. Coreas first major gig was with Cab Calloway. Corea started his career in the 1960s playing with trumpeter Blue Mitchell and Latin musicians such as Herbie Mann, Willie Bobo. One of the earliest recordings of his playing is with Mitchells quintet on The Thing To Do. His first album as a leader was Tones for Joans Bones in 1966, two years before the release of his album Now He Sings, Now He Sobs, with Roy Haynes on drums and he made another sideman appearance with Stan Getz on 1967s Sweet Rain. From 1968 to 1971 Corea had associations with avant garde players, in September 1968 Corea replaced Herbie Hancock in the piano chair in Daviss band and appeared on landmark albums such as Filles de Kilimanjaro, In a Silent Way, and Bitches Brew
12.
Bo Diddley
–
His use of African rhythms and a signature beat, a simple five-accent hambone rhythm, is a cornerstone of hip hop, rock, and pop. He is also recognized for his innovations, including his distinctive rectangular guitar. Born in McComb, Mississippi, as Ellas Otha Bates, he was adopted and raised by his mothers cousin, Gussie McDaniel, in 1934, the McDaniel family moved to the South Side of Chicago, where he dropped the Otha and became Ellas McDaniel. He performed until he was 18, however, he was more interested in the pulsating, rhythmic music he heard at a local Pentecostal church and took up the guitar. Green became a near-constant member of McDaniels backing band, the two often trading joking insults with each other during live shows, during the summers of 1943 and 1944, he played at the Maxwell Street market in a band with Earl Hooker. By 1951 he was playing on the street with backing from Roosevelt Jackson on washtub bass and Jody Williams, Williams later played lead guitar on Who Do You Love. In 1951 he landed a spot at the 708 Club, on Chicagos South Side, with a repertoire influenced by Louis Jordan, John Lee Hooker. In late 1954, he teamed up with harmonica player Billy Boy Arnold, drummer Clifton James and bass player Roosevelt Jackson and recorded demos of Im a Man and Bo Diddley. They re-recorded the songs at Chess Studios, with an ensemble comprising Otis Spann, Lester Davenport, Frank Kirkland. The record was released in March 1955, and the A-side, Bo Diddley, the origin of the stage name Bo Diddley is unclear. McDaniel claimed that his peers gave him the name, which he suspected was an insult and he also said that the name first belonged to a singer his adoptive mother knew. Harmonicist Billy Boy Arnold said that it was a local name, which Leonard Chess adopted as McDaniels stage name. McDaniel also stated that it was his nickname as a Golden Gloves boxer, a diddley bow is a homemade single-string instrument played mainly by farm workers in the South. It probably has influences from the West African coast, in the American slang term bo diddly, bo is an intensifier and diddly is a truncation of diddly squat, which means absolutely nothing. On November 20,1955, Bo Diddley appeared on the television program The Ed Sullivan Show. When someone on the shows staff overheard him casually singing Sixteen Tons in the dressing room, seeing Bo Diddley on the cue card, he thought he was to perform both his self-titled hit single and Sixteen Tons. Sullivan was furious and banned Bo Diddley from his show, reputedly saying that he wouldnt last six months, Chess Records included Bo Diddleys Sixteen Tons on the 1960 album Bo Diddley Is a Gunslinger. Bo Diddleys hit singles continued in the 1950s and 1960s, Pretty Thing, Say Man and he also released numerous albums, including Bo Diddley Is a Gunslinger and Have Guitar, Will Travel
13.
John Lee Hooker
–
John Lee Hooker was an American blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist. The son of a sharecropper, he rose to performing an electric guitar-style adaptation of Delta blues. Hooker often incorporated elements, including talking blues and early North Mississippi Hill country blues. He developed his own driving-rhythm boogie style, distinct from the 1930s–1940s piano-derived boogie-woogie, some of his best known songs include Boogie Chillen, Crawling King Snake, Dimples, Boom Boom, and One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer. Several of his albums, including The Healer, Mr. Lucky, Chill Out. Hookers date of birth is the subject of debate, since they were only permitted to listen to religious songs, the spirituals sung in church were their earliest exposure to music. The next year, his mother married William Moore, a blues singer, Moore was his first significant blues influence. He was a blues guitarist, who learned in Shreveport, Louisiana, to play a droning. Another formative influence was Tony Hollins, who dated Hookers sister Alice, helped teach Hooker to play, for the rest of his life, Hooker regarded Hollins as a formative influence on his style of playing and his career as a musician. Among the songs that Hollins reputedly taught Hooker were versions of Crawlin King Snake, at the age of 14, John Lee Hooker ran away from home, reportedly never seeing his mother or stepfather again. In the mid 1930s, he lived in Memphis, Tennessee and he worked in factories in various cities during World War II, eventually landing a job in 1943 at the Ford Motor Company in Detroit. He frequented the clubs and bars on Hastings Street, the heart of the black entertainment district on Detroits east side. In a city noted for its pianists, guitar players were scarce, Hookers popularity grew quickly performing in Detroit clubs and, seeking a louder instrument than his acoustic guitar, he bought his first electric guitar. Hookers recording career began in 1948, when Los Angeles-based Modern Records released a demo he had recorded for Bernie Besman in Detroit, the single, Boogie Chillen, became a hit and the biggest selling race record of 1949. Despite being illiterate, Hooker was a prolific lyricist, in addition to adapting traditional blues lyrics, he also composed originals. In the 1950s, many black musicians earned little money from record sales, so Hooker often recorded variations on his songs for new studios for an upfront fee. His early solo songs were recorded by Bernie Besman, John Lee Hooker rarely played with a standard beat, instead, he changed tempo to fit the needs of the song. This often made it difficult to use backing musicians, who were not accustomed to Hookers musical vagaries, as a result, Besman recorded Hooker, in addition to playing guitar and singing, stomping along with the music on a wooden pallet
14.
Muddy Waters
–
McKinley Morganfield, better known as Muddy Waters, was an American blues musician who is often cited as the father of modern Chicago blues. Muddy Waters grew up on Stovall Plantation near Clarksdale, Mississippi, and by age 17 was playing the guitar and he was recorded in Mississippi by Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress in 1941. In 1943, he moved to Chicago to become a full-time, in 1946, he recorded his first records for Columbia Records and then for Aristocrat Records, a newly formed label run by the brothers Leonard and Phil Chess. These songs included Hoochie Coochie Man, I Just Want to Make Love to You, in 1958, he traveled to England, laying the foundations of the subsequent blues boom there. His performance at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1960 was recorded and released as his first live album, Muddy Waters influence was tremendous, not just on blues and rhythm and blues but on rock and roll, hard rock, folk music, jazz, and country music. His use of amplification is often cited as the link between Delta blues and rock and roll, Muddy Waters birthplace and date is not conclusively known. He stated that he was born in Rolling Fork, Mississippi in 1915, a 1955 interview in the Chicago Defender is the earliest he claimed 1915 as his year of birth, which he continued to use in interviews from that point onward. The 1920 census lists him as five years old as of March 6,1920, the Social Security Death Index, relying on the Social Security card application submitted after his move to Chicago in the mid-1940s, lists him as being born April 4,1913. His gravestone gives his year as 1915. Muddy Waters grandmother, Della Grant, raised him after his mother died shortly after his birth, Grant gave him the nickname Muddy at an early age because he loved to play in the muddy water of nearby Deer Creek. Waters was added later, as he began to play harmonica. The remains of the cabin on Stovall Plantation where Waters lived in his youth are now at the Delta Blues Museum in Clarksdale and he had his first introduction to music in church, I used to belong to church. I was a good Baptist, singing in the church, so I got all of my good moaning and trembling going on for me right out of church, he recalled. By the time, he was 17, he had purchased his first guitar, I sold the last horse that we had. Made about fifteen dollars for him, gave my grandmother seven dollars and fifty cents, I kept seven-fifty, the people ordered them from Sears-Roebuck in Chicago. He started playing his songs in joints nearby his hometown, mostly in a owned by Colonel William Howard Stovall. In August 1941, Alan Lomax went to Stovall, Mississippi and he brought his stuff down and recorded me right in my house, Muddy recalled in Rolling Stone, and when he played back the first song I sounded just like anybodys records. Man, you dont know how I felt that Saturday afternoon when I heard that voice, later on he sent me two copies of the pressing and a check for twenty bucks, and I carried that record up to the corner and put it on the jukebox
15.
Keith Jarrett
–
Keith Jarrett is an American jazz and classical music pianist. Jarrett started his career with Art Blakey, moving on to play with Charles Lloyd, since the early 1970s he has enjoyed a great deal of success as a group leader and a solo performer in jazz, jazz fusion, and classical music. His improvisations draw from the traditions of jazz and other genres, especially Western classical music, gospel, blues, and ethnic folk music. In 2003, Jarrett received the Polar Music Prize, the first recipient not to share the prize with a co-recipient, in 2008, he was inducted into the Down Beat Hall of Fame in the magazines 73rd Annual Readers Poll. Keith Jarrett was born on May 8,1945, in Allentown, Pennsylvania, to a mother of Hungarian descent and he grew up in suburban Allentown with significant early exposure to music. Jarrett possesses absolute pitch, and he displayed musical talents as a young child. He began piano lessons just before his birthday, and at age five he appeared on a TV talent program hosted by the swing bandleader Paul Whiteman. Jarrett gave his first formal piano recital at the age of seven, playing works by composers including Mozart, Bach, Beethoven and Saint-Saëns, encouraged especially by his mother, Jarrett took intensive classical piano lessons with a series of teachers, including Eleanor Sokoloff of the Curtis Institute. In his teens, as a student at Emmaus High School in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, Jarrett learned jazz, in his early teens, he developed a strong interest in the contemporary jazz scene, a Dave Brubeck performance was an early inspiration. Following his graduation from Emmaus High School in 1963, Jarrett moved from Allentown to Boston where he attended the Berklee College of Music, after a year he moved to New York City where he played at the Village Vanguard. In New York, Art Blakey hired Jarrett to play with the Jazz Messengers, during a show with that group he was noticed by Jack DeJohnette who immediately recognized the unknown pianists talent and unstoppable flow of ideas. DeJohnette talked to Jarrett and soon recommended him to his own band leader, the Quartets tours across America and Europe, even to Moscow, made Jarrett a widely noticed musician in rock and jazz underground circles. It also laid the foundations of a musical bond with drummer Jack DeJohnette. The two would cooperate in many contexts during their later careers, in those years, Jarrett also began to record his own tracks as a leader of small informal groups, at first in a trio with Charlie Haden and Paul Motian. Not only does Jarrett barely touch the piano, but he plays all the instruments on what is essentially a folk-rock album. Another trio album with Haden and Motian, titled Somewhere Before, followed later in 1968, the Charles Lloyd Quartet with Jarrett, Ron McClure and DeJohnette came to an end in 1968, after the recording of Soundtrack, because of disputes over money as well as artistic differences. Jarrett was asked to join the Miles Davis group after the trumpeter heard him in a New York City club, after Corea left in 1970, Jarrett often played electric piano and organ simultaneously. Despite his growing dislike of amplified music and electric instruments within jazz, Jarrett continued with the out of respect for Davis
16.
Pat Metheny
–
Patrick Bruce Pat Metheny is an American jazz guitarist and composer. He is the leader of the Pat Metheny Group and is involved in duets, solo works. His style incorporates elements of progressive and contemporary jazz, Latin jazz, Metheny has three gold albums and 20 Grammy Awards and is the only person to win Grammys in ten different categories. He is the brother of jazz flugelhornist and journalist Mike Metheny, Metheny was born and raised in Lees Summit, Missouri, a suburb southeast of Kansas City. At age 15, he won a Down Beat scholarship to a jazz camp and was mentored by guitarist Attila Zoller. Zoller invited the young Metheny to New York City to see guitarist Jim Hall, following his graduation from Lees Summit High School, Metheny briefly attended the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida in 1972, where he was offered a teaching position. He then moved to Boston to take a teaching assistantship at the Berklee College of Music with jazz vibraphonist Gary Burton and he established a reputation as a prodigy when he was with Burton. In 1974 he made his debut on an album unofficially titled Jaco with pianist Paul Bley, bassist Jaco Pastorius. Metheny entered the jazz scene in 1975 when he joined Gary Burtons band. Metheny and Goodrick were interviewed together by Guitar Player magazine in 1975, Metheny released his official debut album, Bright Size Life with Jaco Pastorius on bass and Bob Moses on drums. His next album, Watercolors, was the first time he recorded with pianist Lyle Mays, the album also featured Danny Gottlieb, who became the drummer for the first version of the Pat Metheny Group. With Metheny, Mays, and Gottlieb, the member was bassist Mark Egan when the album Pat Metheny Group was released. When Pat Metheny Group album was released, the Group was a quartet comprising, besides Metheny, Danny Gottlieb on drums, Mark Egan on bass, and Lyle Mays on piano, autoharp, and synthesizer. All but Egan had played on Methenys album Watercolors, recorded a year before the first Group album, the second Group album, American Garage, reached number 1 on the Billboard Jazz chart and crossed over onto the pop charts. The song reached number 14 in the British Top 40 in 1985, both Rodby and Wertico were members of the Simon and Bard Group at the time and had played in Simon-Bard in Chicago before joining Metheny. First Circle was Methenys last album with ECM, he had been a key artist for the label but left following disagreements with the labels founder, still Life featured new Group members trumpeter Mark Ledford, vocalist David Blamires, and percussionist Armando Marçal. Aznar returned for vocals and guitar on Letter from Home, the group integrated new instrumentation and technologies into its work, notably Mays use of synthesizers. Metheny and Mays themselves refer to the next three Pat Metheny Group releases as a triptych, We Live Here, Quartet, and Imaginary Day
17.
CBC Radio 2
–
CBC Radio 2 is a Canadian FM radio network operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It used to concentrate on music and jazz. In 2007 and 2008, the network transitioned towards a new music format with a variety of genres. In 2009, CBC Radio 2 averaged 2.1 million listeners weekly, the CBCs FM network was launched in 1946, but was strictly a simulcast of the AM radio network until 1960. In that year, distinct programming on the FM network began and it was briefly discontinued in 1962, but resumed again in 1964. On November 3,1975, the FM network was renamed CBC Stereo, to distinguish it from the AM network, in the early 1990s, the CBC began offering selected programs on the Internet, most notably CBC Stereos RealTime. In September 1996, the corporation formally launched live streaming of both CBC Radio and CBC Stereo. In the 1990s many of the AM CBC Radio stations moved to FM due to the limitations of AM broadcasting, so in 1997 the CBC renamed the networks CBC Radio One and CBC Radio Two. For much of its history, its focused on arts and culture. These changes, which took effect March 19, resulted in a focus on music — still primarily classical but also including jazz, world music. The length and frequency of newscasts, which had essentially duplicated those heard on Radio One, was reduced dramatically, the 2007 revamp also resulted in a subtle name change from Radio Two to Radio 2. In March 2008, CBC announced plans to complete the transformation of Radio 2 and these plans resulted in the New Radio 2, starting September 2,2008. In essence, the morning and afternoon programs, which had focused almost exclusively on classical music, were replaced with new shows featuring a wider range of genres. The goal, according to the CBC, was to increase exposure of musicians and genres, other classical and jazz. Concomitantly, four web radio streams - all-classical, jazz, singer-songwriter, on June 10, the CBC announced that hosts associated with the new programming would include Julie Nesrallah, Molly Johnson and Rich Terfry. There was a vocal, negative response to changes from a variety of sources connected with the classical community. National protests were held at CBC facilities across the country. However, the move drew support from other corners of the cultural community, among the supporters were several critically acclaimed artists who would benefit from the changes
18.
Gary Burton
–
Gary Burton is an American jazz vibraphonist, composer and jazz educator. Burton developed a style of four-mallet technique as an alternative to the prevailing two-mallet technique. This approach caused him to be heralded as an innovator and his sound and he is also known for pioneering fusion jazz and popularizing the duet format in jazz, as well as being a major figure in music education from his 30 years at the Berklee College of Music. Burton was born in Anderson, Indiana in 1943, beginning music at six years old, Burton for the most part taught himself to play marimba and vibraphone. He also began studying piano at age sixteen as he finished school in Princeton. Burton has cited jazz pianist Bill Evans as an inspiration for his approach toward the vibraphone. Burton attended Berklee College of Music in Boston in 1960–61 and he studied with Herb Pomeroy and soon befriended the composer and arranger Michael Gibbs. After touring both the U. S. and Japan with pianist George Shearing in 1963, Burton went on to play with saxophonist Stan Getz from 1964 to 1966. It was during time with the Stan Getz Quartet that Burton appeared with the band in a feature film. In 1967 he formed the Gary Burton Quartet along with guitarist Larry Coryell, drummer Roy Haynes, predating the jazz-rock fusion craze of the 1970s, the groups first record, Duster, combined jazz, country and rock and roll elements. However, some of Burtons previous albums had already shown his inclination toward such experimentation with different genres of popular music, Burton was named Down Beat magazines Jazzman of the Year in 1968 and won his first Grammy award in 1972. The following year Burton began a now 40-year-long collaboration with pianist Chick Corea and their eight recordings together won the pair Grammy awards in years 1979,1981,1997,1999,2009, and most recently in 2013, for Hot House. Burton has a total of 21 Grammy nominations and seven Grammy wins. B, king, Tommy Smith, Eberhard Weber, Ralph Towner, Peter Erskine, Stephane Grappelli and Ástor Piazzolla. From 2004 to 2008 Burton hosted a jazz radio show on Sirius Satellite Radio. From September 2006 to April 2008, Burton toured worldwide with Chick Corea celebrating 35 years of working together, more recently Burton toured and recorded in 2009 with Pat Metheny, Steve Swallow, and Antonio Sanchez, reprising music from Burtons 1970s group. In 2011, Burton released his first project for Mack Avenue Records, the groups second release, Guided Tour, was released in August,2013. Burtons autobiography, Learning To Listen, was published by Berklee Press in August 2013, Burtons available recordings, as of 2013, are mainly those from RCA Victor, Atlantic Records, ECM Records, GRP Records, Concord Jazz, and Mack Avenue Records. Burton retired from his career in March 2017 following a farewell tour alongside pianist
19.
Ray Charles
–
Ray Charles Robinson, known professionally as Ray Charles, was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and composer. Among friends and fellow musicians he preferred being called Brother Ray and he was often referred to as The Genius. Charles was blind from the age of seven and he pioneered the genre of soul music during the 1950s by combining blues, rhythm and blues, and gospel styles into the music he recorded for Atlantic Records. He also contributed to the integration of music, rhythm and blues and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records. While he was with ABC, Charles became one of the first black musicians to be granted artistic control by a record company. Charles cited Nat King Cole as an influence, but his music was also influenced by country, jazz, blues. In the late forties, he became friends with Quincy Jones and their friendship would last till the end of Charless life. Frank Sinatra called him the true genius in show business. In 2002, Rolling Stone ranked Charles number ten on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, Billy Joel observed, This may sound like sacrilege, but I think Ray Charles was more important than Elvis Presley. Robinson was the son of Bailey Robinson, a laborer, at the time, she was a teenage orphan making a living as a sharecropper. They lived in Greenville, Florida, with Robinsons mother and his wife, the Robinson family had informally adopted Aretha, and she became known as Aretha Robinson. When she, scandalously, became pregnant by Bailey, she briefly left Greenville late in the summer of 1930 to be family members in Albany, Georgia. After that, mother and child returned to Greenville, and Aretha and he was deeply devoted to his mother and later recalled her perseverance, self-sufficiency, and pride as guiding lights in his life. His father abandoned the family, left Greenville, and took another wife elsewhere, in his early years, Charles showed a fondness about mechanical objects and would often watch his neighbors working on their cars and farm machinery. Charles and his mother were always welcome at the Red Wing Cafe, pitman would also care for Rays brother George, to take the burden off Aretha. George drowned in Arethas laundry tub when he was four years old, Charles started to lose his sight at the age of four or five, and was completely blind by the age of seven, apparently as a result of glaucoma. Destitute, uneducated and still mourning the loss of George, Aretha used her connections in the community to find a school that would accept a blind African-American student. Despite his initial protest, Charles attended school at the Florida School for the Deaf, Charles further developed his musical talent at school, and was taught to play the classical piano music of J. S
20.
Ahmad Jamal
–
Ahmad Jamal is an American jazz pianist, composer, bandleader, and educator. For five decades, he has one of the most successful small-group leaders in jazz. Jamal was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and he began playing piano at the age of three, when his uncle Lawrence challenged him to duplicate what he was doing on the piano. Jamal began formal training at the age of seven with Mary Cardwell Dawson. Jamal also studied with pianist James Miller and began playing professionally at the age of fourteen. When asked about his practice habits by a The New York Times critic, Jamal commented that, I used to practice and practice with the open, hoping someone would come by. I was never the practitioner in the sense of twelve hours a day, I think about music all the time. Jamal began touring with George Hudsons Orchestra after graduating from George Westinghouse High School in 1948 and he joined another touring group known as The Four Strings, which soon disbanded when the violinist, Joe Kennedy. Born to Baptist parents in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Jamal did not discover Islam until his early 20s, while touring in Detroit, Jamal became interested in Islam and Islamic culture. He converted to Islam and changed his name to Ahmad Jamal in 1950, in an interview with The New York Times a few years later, Jamal said his decision to change his name stemmed from a desire to re-establish my original name. Shortly after his conversion to Islam, Jamal explained to The New York Times that he says Muslim prayers five times a day and he says them in Arabic in keeping with the Muslim tradition. Hammond, a producer who discovered the talents and enhanced the fame of musicians like Benny Goodman, Billie Holiday. Jamal subsequently recorded for Parrot and Epic using the piano-guitar-bass lineup, the trios sound changed significantly when Crawford was replaced with drummer Vernel Fournier in 1957, and the group worked as the House Trio at Chicagos Pershing Hotel. The trio released the album, Live at the Pershing, But Not For Me. Jamals well known song Poinciana was first released on this album, Jamal played the set with bassist Israel Crosby and drummer Vernel Fournier. The set list expressed a diverse collection of tunes, including The Surrey with the Fringe On Top from the musical Oklahoma, and Jamals arrangement of the jazz standard Poinciana. Jazz musicians and listeners alike found inspiration in the At the Pershing recording, evident were his unusually minimalist style and his extended vamps, according to reviewer John Morthland. In 1959, he took a tour of North Africa to explore investment options in Africa, Jamal, who was twenty-nine at the time, said he had a curiosity about the homeland of his ancestors, highly influenced by his conversion to the Muslim faith
21.
John Hicks (pianist)
–
John Josephus Hicks, Jr. was an American jazz pianist, composer, and arranger. He was leader for more than 30 recordings and played as a sideman on more than 300, after early experiences backing blues musicians, Hicks moved to New York in 1963. He was part of Art Blakeys band for two years, then backed vocalist Betty Carter from 1965 to 1967, before joining Woody Hermans big band, following these largely mainstream jazz experiences, Hicks expanded into freer bands, including those of trumpeters Charles Tolliver and Lester Bowie. He rejoined Carter in 1975, the stay brought him more attention. He continued to play and record extensively in the United States, Hicks was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 21,1941, the oldest of five children. As a child, he moved with his family around the United States, as his father, Rev John Hicks Sr and his family was middle class, I was brought up as a decent human being, where you had aspirations and there were expectations, he commented. He began playing the piano aged six or seven in Los Angeles and his mother, Pollie, was his first piano teacher. He also took lessons, sang in choirs and tried the violin. He began playing the piano in church once he could read music and his development accelerated once his family moved to St. Louis, when Hicks was 14 and he settled on the piano. In St. Louis, he attended Sumner High School, Hicks cited influences from Fats Waller to Thelonious Monk to Methodist church hymns, as well as local pianists. He was initially interested in the compositions of Horace Silver and popular songs such as I Got Rhythm and There Will Never Be Another You. Hicks had summer gigs in the southern United States with blues musicians Little Milton, Hicks studied music in 1958 at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, where he shared a room with drummer Ronald Shannon Jackson. He also studied for a time at the Berklee School of Music in Boston before moving to New York in 1963. In New York, Hicks first accompanied singer Della Reese and he then played with Joe Farrell and toured with trombonist Al Grey and tenor saxophonist Billy Mitchell. After periods with Kenny Dorham and Joe Henderson, Hicks joined Art Blakeys Jazz Messengers in 1964 and his recording debut was with Blakey in November that year, for the album S Make It. Early in 1965, Hicks toured with Blakey to Japan, France, Switzerland, Blakey encouraged his band members, including Hicks, to compose for the band, although they also played compositions by previous members of the band. He stayed with Blakey for two years and his playing during this time was compared with that of McCoy Tyner, for the level of energy displayed and for some of the intervals that they used. In the period 1965 to 1967 he worked on and off with vocalist Betty Carter and her liking for slow ballads helped Hicks develop his sense of time
22.
Diana Krall
–
Diana Jean Krall, OC, OBC is a Canadian jazz pianist and singer, known for her contralto vocals. She has sold more than 6 million albums in the US, on December 11,2009, Billboard magazine named her the second Jazz artist of the 2000–09 decade, establishing her as one of the best-selling artists of her time. Krall is the jazz singer to have eight albums debuting at the top of the Billboard Jazz Albums. To date, she has won five Grammy Awards and eight Juno Awards and she has also earned nine gold, three platinum, and seven multi-platinum albums. Krall was born on November 16,1964, in Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada, the daughter of Adella A. an elementary teacher, and Stephen James Jim Krall. Her father played piano at home and her mother sang in a community choir and she was playing piano herself at the age of four and playing jazz in a local restaurant at 15. She went to the Berklee College of Music in Boston on a scholarship before going to Los Angeles to play jazz and she returned to Canada to release her first album in 1993. Kralls mother died of myeloma in 2002, within months of the pianists mentors Ray Brown. Dianas only sibling, Michelle, is a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Krall and British musician Elvis Costello were married on December 6,2003 and their twin sons, Dexter Henry Lorcan and Frank Harlan James, were born December 6,2006, in New York City. In 1993, Krall released her first album, Stepping Out and it caught the attention of producer Tommy LiPuma, who produced her second album, Only Trust Your Heart. Her third album, All for You, A Dedication to the Nat King Cole Trio, was nominated for a Grammy, Love Scenes quickly became a hit record with the trio of Krall, Russell Malone and Christian McBride. In August 2000, Krall was paired on a 20-city tour with Tony Bennett and they were paired again for a song on the TV series Spectacle, Elvis Costello with. Orchestral arrangements by Johnny Mandel provided the background on When I Look In Your Eyes, the band mix was kept, following arrangements on The Look of Love created by Claus Ogerman, this record achieved platinum status and reached the top 10 of the Billboard 200. The title track from the album, a cover of the Casino Royale standard popularized in the late 1960s by Dusty Springfield and Sérgio Mendes, in September 2001, Krall began a world tour. Her concert at the Paris Olympia was recorded and released as her first live record, the album included covers of Billy Joels Just The Way You Are and Joni Mitchells A Case Of You. The 2001 movie The Score starring Robert De Niro and Marlon Brando, features a recording of Krall entitled and this song accompanies the films ending Credits and was composed by a fellow Canadian, David Foster. After marrying Costello, she worked with him as a lyricist and started to compose her own songs, the album, released in April 2004, quickly rose to the top five in the United Kingdom and made the Australian top 40 album charts
23.
Ben Harper
–
Benjamin Chase Ben Harper is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. Harper plays a mix of blues, folk, soul, reggae and rock music and is known for his guitar-playing skills, vocals, live performances. He has released twelve studio albums, mostly through Virgin Records and has toured internationally. Harper is a three-time Grammy Award winner, with awards for Best Pop Instrumental Performance and Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album in 2005, Harper was born in Pomona, California. His father, Leonard, was of African-American and possibly Cherokee ancestry and his maternal great-grandmother was a Russian-Lithuanian Jew. His parents divorced when he was five years old, and he grew up with his mothers family, Harper has two brothers, Joel and Peter. Harper began playing guitar as a child, in 1978, at the age of 9, Harper attended Bob Marleys performance in Burbank, California where Marley was joined by former bandmate Peter Tosh for the encore. It was, according to Harper, an important influence, at the age of 12, Harper played his first gig. During the 1980s, in his teen years, Harper began to play the slide guitar, Harper refined his style, taking up the Weissenborn slide guitar. Harper broke out of the Inland Empire after being offered an invitation by Taj Mahal to tour with the artist and they recorded Taj Mahals album Follow the Drinking Gourd, released in November 1990, and toured Hawaii. In 1992, Harper recorded the LP Pleasure and Pain with Folk multi-instrumentalist Tom Freund, after this limited edition record, Harper secured a lifetime record deal with Virgin Records, which released his debut album, Welcome to the Cruel World in 1994. This allowed him to be invited at the Rencontres Trans Musicales of Rennes in France in December 1993 where he went up for the first time on a large stage. The first album was followed by Fight For Your Mind in 1995, with Juan Nelson on bass, which became a college radio favorite and included several songs that Harper still plays live regularly. In 1999, at the Santa Barbara Bowl, Harper met Jack Johnson and sent a tape of Johnsons songs to his producer, J. P. Plunier. Early in Harpers career, his music received attention in Europe and was widely played in Australia. Harper has made comments on a number of occasions that his career was kicked off in Australia, in 2002, Harper was one of the featured singers covering Motown hits by Marvin Gaye in the documentary, Standing in the Shadows of Motown. On April 3,2004, Harper and Jack Johnson performed with Toots and the Maytals on Saturday Night Live, a show hosted by Donald Trump. In October 2004, Harper participated in the Vote for Change concert tour organized to benefit Moveon. org and encourage people in the swing states to vote during the 2004 U. S. presidential election
24.
Charlie Haden
–
Charles Edward Charlie Haden was an American jazz double bass player, bandleader, composer and educator known for his deep, warm sound, and whose career spanned more than fifty years. In the late 1950s, Haden was an member of the ground-breaking Ornette Coleman Quartet. Haden revolutionized the concept of bass playing in jazz. His virtuosity lies…in an incredible ability to make the bass sound out. Haden cultivated the instruments gravity as no one else in jazz and he is a master of simplicity which is one of the most difficult things to achieve. ) Haden played a role in this revolutionary new approach, evolving a way of playing that sometimes complemented the soloist. In 1969, he formed his first band, the Liberation Music Orchestra, in the late 1960s, he became a member of pianist Keith Jarretts trio, quartet and quintet. In the 1980s, he formed his band, Quartet West, Haden also often recorded and performed in a duo setting, with musicians including guitarist Pat Metheny and pianist Hank Jones. Haden was born in Shenandoah, Iowa and his family was exceptionally musical and performed on the radio as the Haden Family, playing country music and American folk songs. Haden made his debut as a singer on the Haden Familys radio show when he was just two years old. He continued singing with his family until he was 15 when he contracted a form of polio affecting his throat. At the age of 14, Haden had become interested in jazz after hearing Charlie Parker, once he recovered from his bout with polio, Haden began in earnest to concentrate on playing the bass. Hadens interest in the instrument was not sparked by jazz bass alone, Haden often said that he moved to Los Angeles in 1957 in search of pianist Hampton Hawes. He turned down a scholarship at Oberlin College, which did not have an established jazz program at the time. His first recordings were made that year with Paul Bley, with whom he worked until 1959, in May 1959, he recorded his first album with the Ornette Coleman Quartet, the seminal The Shape of Jazz to Come. Hadens folk-influenced style complemented Colemans microtonal, Texas blues elements, later that year, the Quartet moved to New York City and secured an extended booking at the avant-garde Five Spot Café. This residency lasted six weeks and represented the beginnings of their unique, free, Ornettes quartet played everything by ear, as Haden explained, “At first when we were playing and improvising, we kind of followed the pattern of the song, sometimes. Then, when we got to New York, Ornette wasn’t playing on the patterns, like the bridge
25.
Du Maurier (cigarette)
–
Du Maurier is a Canadian brand of cigarettes, produced by Imperial Tobacco Canada, a subsidiary of British American Tobacco. The brand is named after Sir Gerald du Maurier, a British actor, the brand is also produced under license by the West Indian Tobacco Company in Trinidad and Tobago. Du Maurier has the following varieties of cigarettes, Signature, Distinct, Balanced, Mellow, Menthol, Dumaurier Fine Cut Blend, Dumaurier Master Blend, du Maurier was the sponsor until 1999 of the Canadian Womens Open golf
26.
General Motors
–
With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, United States, GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries. In 2008,8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands, current auto brands are Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, and Wuling. Former GM automotive brands include McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, Vauxhall, the company was founded by William C. Durant on September 16,1908 as a holding company. The company was the largest automobile manufacturer from 1931 through 2007, in addition to brands selling assembled vehicles, GM also has had various automotive-component and non-automotive brands, many of which it divested in the 1980s through 2000s. General Motors produces vehicles in 37 countries under twelve brands, Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, Cadillac, Holden, HSV, Opel, Vauxhall, Wuling, Baojun, Jie Fang, and Ravon. The current company, General Motors Company LLC, was formed in 2009 following the bankruptcy of General Motors Corporation, the new company purchased the majority of the assets of the old GM, including the brand General Motors. In addition to its twelve brands, General Motors also holds a 20% stake in IMM, General Motors employs 212,000 people and does business in more than 140 countries. General Motors is divided into five segments, GM North America, Opel Group, GM International Operations, GM South America. General Motors led global vehicle sales for 77 consecutive years from 1931 through 2007, longer any other automaker. General Motors acts in most countries outside the U. S. via wholly owned subsidiaries, GMs OnStar subsidiary provides vehicle safety, security and information services. In 2009, General Motors shed several brands, closing Saturn, Pontiac, and Hummer, in 2010, the reorganized GM made an initial public offering that was one of the worlds top five largest IPOs to date, and returned to profitability later that year. General Motors Corporation was formed on September 16,1908, in Flint, Michigan, GMs co-founder was Charles Stewart Mott, whose carriage company was merged into Buick prior to GMs creation. Over the years, Mott became the largest single stockholder in GM, and spent his life with his Mott Foundation, GM acquired Oldsmobile later that year. In 1909, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, Oakland, also in 1909, GM acquired the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessors of GMC Truck. Durant, along with R. S. McLaughlin, lost control of GM in 1910 to a bankers trust, because of the amount of debt taken on in its acquisitions. The next year, Durant started the Chevrolet Motor Car Company in the U. S. and in Canada in 1915, Durant took back control of the company after one of the most dramatic proxy wars in American business history. Durant then reorganized General Motors Company into General Motors Corporation in 1916, merging Chevrolet with GM, shortly thereafter, he again lost control, this time for good, after the new vehicle market collapsed. These facilities were added to the factories that were exclusive to Cadillac, Buick, Oldsmobile, Oakland
27.
Toronto-Dominion Bank
–
The Toronto-Dominion Bank is a Canadian multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Toronto. Commonly known as TD and operating as TD Bank Group, the bank was created in 1955 through the merger of the Bank of Toronto and The Dominion Bank, TD Bank Group is the second largest bank in Canada by market capitalization and a top-10 bank in North America. Globally, it ranks as the 19th largest bank in the world, the bank and its subsidiaries have over 85,000 employees and over 22 million clients worldwide. In Canada, the bank operates as TD Canada Trust and serves more than 11 million customers at over 1,150 branches, in the United States, the company operates as TD Bank. The company is ranked at number 66 on the Forbes Global 20002015 listing, in October 2008, the company was named in the listings of Canadas Top 100 Employers in Macleans and Greater Torontos Top Employers by the Toronto Star. Furthermore, in February 2011, it was named one of Canadas top 10 employers by the Financial Post, the banks headquarters is at the Toronto-Dominion Centre at King Street and Bay Street in Toronto. The black skyscrapers were designed by the firm of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and were the first of their kind in the city, opened in 1967, the TD Centre was the inspiration of Al Lambert, the former president and chairman of the board of the bank. The subsidiaries of TD Bank Group include, TD Asset Management – institutional investment management TD Auto Finance – new and used vehicle financing TD Bank, wealth Management comprises a number of advisory, distribution and asset management businesses, including TD Mutual Funds. TD Securities is the investment banking arm of TD Bank Group and it is an underwriter of debt and equity securities and strategic advisor to corporations, governments, and institutions worldwide. A key business segment is the trading of fixed income and equity products and it has offices in 18 cities worldwide with over 3,000 employees. TD Securities is an investment dealer in North America, has a strong presence in Europe. G4S Cash Solutions secured the contract to transport cash and provide first line maintenance for the automated teller machines – both cash dispensing and deposit pick up units. Multinational firm, iGate Corp provides support services for TD Bank, as well as Pratt, as of 2011 Symcor produces close to 675 million statements and more than two billion pages of customer statements, and processes three billion cheques annually. Affiliated Computer Services, a subsidiary of Xerox, acquired Symcor’s U. S. operations in October 2014. The origins of the Toronto-Dominion Bank lie in the efforts of a group of businessmen in the Province of Canada West and they were determined to create a financial institution to meet their specific needs in banking, insurance and commodities exchange. However, on March 18,1855, their application for a charter for the Bank of Toronto, with an authorized capital of £500,000, was granted. In July 1856, the Bank of Toronto opened its offices at 78 Church Street, Toronto, in 1860, it opened its first branch outside of Ontario, in Montreal. The Bank of Toronto established itself as an efficient, profitable and it maintained a very high reserve against its capital and enjoyed the highest share price of any bank in Canada
28.
James Gelfand
–
James Gelfand is a Canadian jazz pianist, arranger, and composer. He is best known for his film and television scores, Gelfand was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada into a large Jewish family. He is the great-grandson of Jacob Pascal, founder of J. Pascals Hardware and Furniture and he is married with two children. He began classical training at the age of four. During his teens, Gelfand diverged into jazz and other styles, performing and competing at jazz festivals throughout North America and Europe, he has won a number of prestigious awards. Gelfand recorded a number of cross-over albums combining jazz and classical styles and he has performed on over 40 albums, with 8 under his own name. During his earlier career, he established The James Gelfand Trio, with his ability to compose in various styles such as techno, orchestral, folk, and jazz, Gelfand began writing score for film and television. He has composed the music for over 30 films and 300 television broadcasts, James Gelfand has contributed piano/keyboard to numerous albums, including, James Gelfand currently writes score for film and television productions. Urbains Horseman Official website James Gelfand at the Internet Movie Database Discogs. com Allmusic. com Performance listing
