Mozarabic art and architecture
Mozarabic art is an early medieval artistic style that is part of the pre-Romanesque style and is linked to the kingdom of León. It was developed by the Hispanic Christians who lived in Muslim territory and in the expansion territories of the León crown, in the period from the Muslim invasion (711) to the end of the 11th century. During this period, disciplines such as painting, goldsmithing and architecture with marked Caliphate influences were cultivated in a context of medieval coexistence - Christian, Hebrew and Muslim - in which the territories were constantly changing in size and status. Other names for this artistic style are Leonese art or repopulation art.
Mozarabic arches in the Church of Santiago de Peñalba (El Bierzo, Spain)
Cross of Peñalba, a piece of 10th century Mozarabic goldsmith's work
Beatus of Facundus: Judgment of Babylon
Caliphate-style mural paintings in Santiago de Peñalba
Pre-Romanesque art and architecture
Pre-Romanesque art and architecture is the period in European art from either, the emergence of the Merovingian kingdom in about 500 AD or from the Carolingian Renaissance in the late 8th century, to the beginning of the 11th century Romanesque period. The term is generally used in English only for architecture and monumental sculpture, but here all the arts of the period are briefly described.
The royal palace, later church, of Santa María del Naranco, an example of Asturian architecture of the Ramirense period
The interior of the Church of São Pedro da Lourosa in Lourosa, Portugal
Church of St. Margaret of Antioch, Kopčany in Kopčany, Slovakia, 9th–10th century
Baptistery of Aix Cathedral, built by the Merovingians, AD 500