Mullard Limited was a British manufacturer of electronic components. The Mullard Radio Valve Co. Ltd. of Southfields, London, was founded in 1920 by Captain Stanley R. Mullard, who had previously designed thermionic valves for the Admiralty before becoming managing director of the Z Electric Lamp Co. The company soon moved to Hammersmith, London and then in 1923 to Balham, London. The head office in later years was Mullard House at 1–19 Torrington Place, Bloomsbury, now part of University College London.
A Mullard TDD4 valve. The gold spray coating served no purpose other than to hide the blackened interior, as Mullard valves were still manufactured using the azide process, long abandoned by other makers.
A Mullard EL34 power pentode
An EL84 valve made in Russia in the 21st century
Mullard transistors of the 1960s, showing the variety of SO-2 packages used: OC200, silicon PNP transistor in an aluminium can. Germanium OC45 in a black-painted glass package. OC45 in a clear glass and blue putty package, with rubber sleeve
Koninklijke Philips N.V., commonly shortened to Philips, is a Dutch multinational conglomerate corporation that was founded in Eindhoven in 1891. Since 1997, its world headquarters have been situated in Amsterdam, though the Benelux headquarters is still in Eindhoven. Philips was formerly one of the largest electronics companies in the world, but is currently focused on the area of health technology, having divested its other divisions.
Headquarters in Amsterdam, 2009
Gerard Philips (1858–1942), founder
The first Philips factory in Eindhoven, now a public museum
Share of the Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken, issued 14 December 1928
