Musica universalis
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The musica universalis, also called music of the spheres or harmony of the spheres, is a philosophical concept that regards proportions in the movements of celestial bodies—the Sun, Moon, and planets—
Harmony of the World from Ebenezer Sibly's Astrology (1806)
Renaissance engraving (Gafurius's Practica musice, 1496) showing Apollo, the Muses, the planetary spheres and musical modes
Page from Kepler's Harmonices Mundi. The scales of each of the six known planets, and the moon, placed on five-line staffs.
Pythagoras
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Pythagoras of Samos was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influence
Bust of Pythagoras of Samos in the Capitoline Museums, Rome
Pythagoreans Celebrate the Sunrise (1869) by Fyodor Bronnikov
French manuscript from 1512/1514, showing Pythagoras turning his face away from fava beans in revulsion
Hadrian's Pantheon in Rome, depicted in this eighteenth-century painting by Giovanni Paolo Panini, was built according to Pythagorean teachings.