1.
Nancy Hanks Lincoln heritage
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There is long standing controversy regarding Nancy Hanks Lincolns heritage. Nancy was the wife of Thomas Lincoln and mother of the 16th president Abraham Lincoln and her familial background according to historian Albert J. Beveridge is as Dim as the dream of a shifting mirage. Her face and figure waver through the mists of time and rumor, information from the Shipley and Berry families, as well as some historical sites, claim that Nancys mother was Lucy or Lucey Shipley, sister to Rachel Shipley Berry. In either case, Nancys father may have been James Hanks, Lucy Hanks Sparrow may have been the daughter of Joseph Hanks from Pennsylvania, but this is anecdotal and no documentation has been discovered to prove the relationship. This rules out the possibility of a maternally-linked Hanks-Shipley relationship and it is also possible that their relationship was generations in the past. The relationship between the two women could be established through written documentation, but unfortunately, none has been found and this article explores the information about Nancys heritage published in books and national, state or local historic site literature. Nancys assumed mother, Lucy, is related to the Hanks, Nancys grandparents are believed to be Ann and Joseph Hanks of North Farnham Parish, Richmond County, Virginia. They are said to have raised her from infancy until about nine years of age when her grandfather died, the question is whether Nancy is related to the Hanks on her paternal or maternal side. Maternal side - The prevailing theory today is that Nancys assumed mothers maiden name was Lucy Hanks, herself assumed by many to be the daughter of Joseph, if this is true, Nancy Hanks was born illegitimate. Author John Y. Simon writes, “… the evidence is strong that Lincoln himself thought his mother was illegitimate and he had grown up with this crowd of Hanks people, many of them illiterate, and some of them quite likely to give birth without getting married first. He saw this as a kind of stain on himself, according to Lincolns partner, William Herndon, Lincoln had confessed that his mother, Nancy Hanks, was illegitimate. In a day there was a strong stigma against illegitimacy, Abraham wrote about his mother in his campaign biography. She was also born in Virginia, and relatives of hers of the name of Hanks, and other names, now reside in Coles, in Macon, and in Adams Counties, Illinois, Nancys cousin Dennis Hanks asked that Nancy be called Nancy Sparrow and not Nancy Hanks. His concern was that Nancy Hanks would be thought by others to be base-born or illegitimate if she was known as Nancy Hanks. Barton in the Life of Abraham Lincoln and Michael Burkhimer in 100 Essential Lincoln Books, Dennis Hanks tried to cover up the illegitimacy to protect Abraham and Nancys reputation. A challenge to the theory that Lucy was born to Joseph and Ann Hanks is that she was not included in Joseph Hankss will, which was probated May 14,1793 in Nelson County, Kentucky. By the time of Josephs death, though, she was the daughter to have given birth to an illegitimate child. Paternal side - another theory is that Nancys assumed mother, Lucy Shipley, married James Hanks and this seems to be a confusion about multiple Nancy Hanks in the same family
2.
Hampshire County, West Virginia
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Hampshire County is a county in the U. S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 23,964 and its county seat is Romney, West Virginias oldest town. The county was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1754, from parts of Frederick, the county lies in both West Virginias Eastern Panhandle and Potomac Highlands regions. Hampshire County is part of the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, although its creation was authorized in 1754, Hampshire County was not actually organized until 1757 because the area was not considered safe due to the outbreak of the French and Indian War. According to Samuel Kerchevals A History of the Valley of Virginia, the story goes that Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who owned the Royal Grant to the area, came upon some very large hogs in Winchester and asked where they had been raised. He was told that they were from the South Branch Potomac River Valley and he remarked that when a county was formed west of Frederick that he would name it in honor of the county Hampshire, England, famous for its very fat hogs. Romney was initially settled by hunters and traders around 1725, in 1738, John Pearsall and his brother Job built homes and in 1758 a fort for defense against Native Americans in present-day Romney. Their settlement was known as Pearsalls Flats. In 1748, Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron sent a party, including 16-year-old George Washington, to survey his lands along the Potomac. Washington spent three summers and falls surveying Lord Fairfaxs Northern Neck estate, which included all of the present-day Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. In April 1748, he laid off lots in an area known as the Trough, about ten miles south of Romney. Genn was also employed by Lord Fairfax, in 1756, Fort Pearsall was constructed on Job Pearsalls plantation for protection against Native American raids and George Washington provisioned and garrisoned the Fort at various times until 1758. At that time, there were at least 100 people living in the general area and he sent a survey party to Romney in 1762 to formally lay out the town into 100 lots. At that time, he renamed the town Romney, in honor of the Cinque Ports city on the English Channel in Kent. Confusion ensued for several decades concerning land ownership within the town as counterclaims were made by the original settlers and those who purchased lots laid out by Lord Fairfaxs surveyors. The first meeting of the Hampshire County Court was held in 1757, at Fort Pleasant, now Old Fields in Hardy County, by that time, Hampshire Countys population had fallen dramatically as most of the settlers had fled the county in fear of the Native Americans. The only families remaining lived near Fort Pearsall, near present-day Romney, by 1790, when the first national census was taken, Hampshire County had 7,346 residents, making it the second most populous county in the present state of West Virginia at that time. Berkeley was the most populous county, with 19,713 people, there were nine counties that comprised the present state, with a total population of 55,873 people
3.
Virginia
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Virginia is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, the capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond, Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealths estimated population as of 2014 is over 8.3 million, the areas history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony, slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colonys early politics and plantation economy. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, the Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008 and it is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginias economy changed from agricultural to industrial during the 1960s and 1970s. Virginia has an area of 42,774.2 square miles, including 3,180.13 square miles of water. Virginias boundary with Maryland and Washington, D. C. extends to the mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, the border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U. S. Supreme Court. The Chesapeake Bay separates the portion of the Commonwealth from the two-county peninsula of Virginias Eastern Shore. The bay was formed from the river valleys of the Susquehanna River. Many of Virginias rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James, the Tidewater is a coastal plain between the Atlantic coast and the fall line. It includes the Eastern Shore and major estuaries of Chesapeake Bay, the Piedmont is a series of sedimentary and igneous rock-based foothills east of the mountains which were formed in the Mesozoic era. The region, known for its clay soil, includes the Southwest Mountains around Charlottesville. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a province of the Appalachian Mountains with the highest points in the state. The Ridge and Valley region is west of the mountains and includes the Great Appalachian Valley, the region is carbonate rock based and includes Massanutten Mountain. The Cumberland Plateau and the Cumberland Mountains are in the southwest corner of Virginia, in this region, rivers flow northwest, with a dendritic drainage system, into the Ohio River basin
4.
Mineral County, West Virginia
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Mineral County is a county in the U. S. state of West Virginia. It is part of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, as of the 2010 census, the population was 28,212. The county was founded in 1866, Mineral County is part of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Indigenous peoples lived throughout the highlands along rivers in this area for thousands of years, archeologists have identified artifacts of the Adena culture, dating from 1000 BC to 200 BC. They were among the several early Native American cultures who built earthwork mounds for ceremonial and burial use. Remnants of their culture have been found throughout West Virginia and they were followed by other indigenous peoples. By the 17th century they had conquered other tribes, pushed out to the west. It was not until after West Virginia became a state in 1863 that present-day Mineral County was organized and it was created in 1866 by an Act of the West Virginia Legislature from the existing Hampshire County. The name was selected due to its reserves of minerals, especially coal, the seminal point in the creation of the county was the arrival of the main line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1842. The county seat of Keyser was named for an executive of the railroad, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 329 square miles, of which 328 square miles is land and 1.4 square miles is water. The northern terminus of the Allegheny Front in West Virginia lies in Mineral County, known as the Pinnacle it is 3,104 feet above sea level. From the abandoned fire tower you can see four states on a day, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia. The Allegheny Front is the largest mountain in the county, on the end it is also known as Green Mountain. On top of the Allegheny Plateau is located the town of Elk Garden, the Potomac River Valley lies to west and north of the mountain, and the New Creek Valley lies to the east. Knobly Mountain lies between the New Creek and Patterson Creek valleys and it is the longest mountain in Mineral County stretching from the Grant County line in the south to the Potomac River in the north at Ridgeley, West Virginia. To the east of the Patterson Creek Valley lie a series of low hills which form the border of the county with Hampshire County. North Branch Potomac River is the largest river, though not actually in the county and it forms the northern border of the county and the state border with actual border being the low water mark on the south side. Jennings Randolph Lake is located on this stream, New Creek enters the North Branch Potomac River at Keyser with the headwaters starting at Dam Site 14 in Grant County, West Virginia
5.
West Virginia
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West Virginia /ˌwɛst vərˈdʒɪnjə/ is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the north, West Virginia is the 9th smallest by area, is ranked 38th in population, and has the second lowest household income of the 50 United States. The capital and largest city is Charleston, West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20,1863, and was a key Civil War border state. The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States, the unique position of West Virginia means that it is often included in several geographical regions, including the Mid-Atlantic, the Upland South, and the Southeastern United States. It is the state that is entirely within the area served by the Appalachian Regional Commission. The state is noted for its mountains and rolling hills, its historically significant logging and coal mining industries and it is one of the most densely karstic areas in the world, making it a choice area for recreational caving and scientific research. The karst lands contribute to much of the states cool trout waters and it is also known for a wide range of outdoor recreational opportunities, including skiing, whitewater rafting, fishing, hiking, backpacking, mountain biking, and hunting. Many ancient man-made earthen mounds from various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston. The artifacts uncovered in these give evidence of village societies and they had a tribal trade system culture that crafted cold-worked copper pieces. The Iroquois drove out other American Indian tribes from the region to reserve the upper Ohio Valley as a ground in the 1670s. Siouan language tribes such as the Moneton had also recorded in the area previously. West Virginia was originally part of the British Virginia Colony from 1607 to 1776, residents of the western and northern counties set up a separate government under Francis Pierpont in 1861, which they called the restored government. Most voted to separate from Virginia and the new state was admitted to the Union in 1863, in 1864 a state constitutional convention drafted a constitution, which was ratified by the legislature without putting it to popular vote. West Virginia abolished slavery and temporarily disfranchised men who had held Confederate office or fought for the Confederacy, West Virginias history has been profoundly affected by its mountainous terrain, numerous and vast river valleys, and rich natural resources. These were all factors driving its economy and the lifestyles of its residents, a 2010 analysis of a local stalagmite revealed that Native Americans were burning forests to clear land as early as 100 BC. Some regional late-prehistoric Eastern Woodland tribes were involved in hunting and fishing, practicing the slash. Another group progressed to the more time-consuming, advanced companion crop fields method of gardening, also continuing from ancient indigenous people of the state, field space and time was given to tobacco growing through to early historic. Maize did not make a contribution to the diet until after 1150 BP
6.
Spencer County, Indiana
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Spencer County is a county located in the U. S. state of Indiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,952, Spencer County was formed in 1818 from parts of Warrick County and Perry County. It was named for Captain Spier Spencer, killed at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, the Spencer County courthouse was built in 1921. It is the courthouse to serve the county. Abraham Lincoln lived in Spencer County from 1816 to 1830, between the seven and twenty-one. His family moved to Illinois in 1830, the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial is located at the site of the Lincoln family farm. According to the 2010 census, the county has an area of 401.43 square miles. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 3.01 inches in October to 4.78 inches in May, the county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code. County Council, The county council is the branch of the county government and controls all the spending. Representatives are elected from county districts, the council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the budget. The council also has limited authority to local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes. Board of Commissioners, The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners, the commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president, the commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government. Court, The county maintains a small court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years, the judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state circuit court. County Officials, The county has several other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, each of these elected officers serves a term of four years and oversees a different part of county government
7.
Indiana
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Indiana /ɪndiˈænə/ is a U. S. state located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U. S. state on December 11,1816, before becoming a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Indiana has an economy with a gross state product of $298 billion in 2012. Indiana has several areas with populations greater than 100,000. The states name means Land of the Indians, or simply Indian Land and it also stems from Indianas territorial history. On May 7,1800, the United States Congress passed legislation to divide the Northwest Territory into two areas and named the section the Indiana Territory. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a resident of Indiana is officially known as a Hoosier. The first inhabitants in what is now Indiana were the Paleo-Indians, divided into small groups, the Paleo-Indians were nomads who hunted large game such as mastodons. They created stone tools made out of chert by chipping, knapping and flaking, the Archaic period, which began between 5000 and 4000 BC, covered the next phase of indigenous culture. The people developed new tools as well as techniques to cook food, such new tools included different types of spear points and knives, with various forms of notches. They made ground-stone tools such as axes, woodworking tools. During the latter part of the period, they built mounds and middens. The Archaic period ended at about 1500 BC, although some Archaic people lived until 700 BC, afterward, the Woodland period took place in Indiana, where various new cultural attributes appeared. During this period, the people created ceramics and pottery, an early Woodland period group named the Adena people had elegant burial rituals, featuring log tombs beneath earth mounds. In the middle portion of the Woodland period, the Hopewell people began developing long-range trade of goods, nearing the end of the stage, the people developed highly productive cultivation and adaptation of agriculture, growing such crops as corn and squash. The Woodland period ended around 1000 AD, the Mississippian culture emerged, lasting from 1000 until the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, the people created large urban settlements designed according to their cosmology, with mounds and plazas defining ceremonial
8.
Thomas Lincoln
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Thomas Lincoln was an American farmer, carpenter, and father of President Abraham Lincoln. Unlike some of his ancestors, Lincoln could not write, but he was a well-respected community and church member known for his honesty. Lincoln was descended from Samuel Lincoln, a respected Puritan weaver, businessman, some Lincolns later migrated into Berks County, Pennsylvania, where they intermarried with Quakers, but did not retain the peculiar ways. According to the National Humanities Center, both Quakers and Puritans were opposed to slavery, Mordecai and Hannahs son, John Lincoln settled in Rockingham County, Virginia and built a large, prosperous farm nestled in Shenandoah Valley. John Lincoln gave 210 acres of prime Virginian land to his first son, Captain Abraham Lincoln, in 1770, Abraham married Bathsheba Herring, who was born in Rockingham County, Virginia. Thomas was born in 1778 in Virginia to Abraham and Bethsheba Lincoln, the Lincolns later sold the land to move in the 1780s to western Virginia, now Springfield, Kentucky. He amassed an estate of 5,544 acres of prime Kentucky land, realizing the bounty as advised by Daniel Boone, in May 1786, Lincoln witnessed the murder of his father by Native American Indians. When he was laboring to open a farm in the forest, Lincolns life was saved that day by his brother, Mordecai. Mordecai, at fifteen the oldest son, sent Josiah running to the settlement half a mile away for help while he raced to a nearby cabin. Peering out of a crack between logs, he saw an Indian sneaking out of the forest toward his brother, Thomas. Mordecai picked up a rifle, aimed for a pendant on the Indians chest. Between September 1786 and 1788 Bathsheba moved the family to Beech Fork in Nelson County, Kentucky, a replica of the cabin is located at the Lincoln Homestead State Park. As the oldest son, and in accordance with Virginian law at the time, Mordecai inherited his fathers estate, Josiah and Thomas were forced to make their own way. The tragedy, wrote historian David Herbert Donald, abruptly ended his prospects of being an heir of a well-to-do Kentucky planter, he had to earn his board, from 1795 to 1802, Thomas Lincoln held a variety of ill-paying jobs in several locations. He served in the militia at the age of 19. He moved to Hardin County, Kentucky in 1802 and bought a 238-acre farm the following year for 118 pounds, It was located seven miles north of Elizabethtown, Kentucky on Mill Creek. When he lived in Hardin County, he was a member, a petitioner for a road. Lincoln was also active in community and church affairs in Hardin Counties, the following year his sister Nancy Brumfield, brother-in-law William Brumfield and his mother Bathsheba moved from Washington County to Mill Creek and lived with Lincoln
9.
Sarah Lincoln Grigsby
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Sarah Lincoln Grigsby was the older sister of the sixteenth president Abraham Lincoln and cared for him when they were young. Sarah Lincoln was born in Elizabethtown, Kentucky to Thomas Lincoln, after their mothers death in 1818, Sarah was in charge of taking care of the house, her brother Abe and their cousin Dennis Hanks, who was living with them. Thomas married Sarah Bush Johnston in 1819, and brought her home to be a stepmother to his children, in August 1826, Sarah Lincoln married Aaron Grigsby. She died on January 20,1828, while giving birth to a stillborn boy and her brother Abraham blamed the death of his sister on the failure of Grigsby to send for a doctor. She was buried in a cemetery next to the Little Pigeon Baptist Church, a Primitive Baptist Church attended by the Lincoln family. The church and Sarahs gravesite are located within what was the Little Pigeon Creek Community and is now Lincoln State Park in Indiana, Lincoln family tree Little Pigeon Cemetery at Ancestors of Robert Stom & Christine Stom Sarah Lincoln Grigsby article at the National Park Service
10.
Abraham Lincoln
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Abraham Lincoln was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, in doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the frontier in Kentucky. Largely self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois, a Whig Party leader, elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846, Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks, tariffs, and railroads. Reentering politics in 1854, he became a leader in building the new Republican Party, in 1860, Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination as a moderate from a swing state. Though he gained little support in the slaveholding states of the South. Subsequently, on April 12,1861, a Confederate attack on Fort Sumter inspired the North to enthusiastically rally behind the Union. Politically, Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other, by carefully planned political patronage and his Gettysburg Address became an iconic endorsement of the principles of nationalism, republicanism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy. Lincoln initially concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war and his primary goal was to reunite the nation. He suspended habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman decision. Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including his most successful general, Lincoln tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, each time a general failed, Lincoln substituted another, until finally Grant succeeded. As the war progressed, his moves toward ending slavery included the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. On April 14,1865, five days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton launched a manhunt for Booth, and 12 days later on April 26, Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U. S. presidents. Abraham Lincoln was born February 12,1809, the child of Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in a one-room log cabin on the Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville. He was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk to its namesake of Hingham, samuels grandson and great-grandson began the familys western migration, which passed through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincolns paternal grandfather and namesake, Captain Abraham Lincoln, moved the family from Virginia to Jefferson County, Captain Lincoln was killed in an Indian raid in 1786. His children, including eight-year-old Thomas, the presidents father
11.
Joseph Hanks
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Joseph Hanks was the great-grandfather of United States President Abraham Lincoln. It is generally accepted that Joseph was the father of Lucy Hanks, there is also a theory that Joseph and his wife, Ann, had a son named James who married Lucy Shipley, sired Nancy Hanks, but died before Lucy and Nancy came to Kentucky. Joseph Hanks children and grandchildren figure prominently in Abraham Lincolns youth, Joseph Hanks was born the second son of Catherine Hanks and Mr. Hanks on December 20,1725 in North Farnham Parish, Richmond County, Virginia. He was a tenant farmer and oversaw a plantation, Joseph and his family lived in Richmond County until 1782 when they moved to what was then Hampshire County, Virginia. One theory about the Hanks familys westward movement was that Joseph Hanks was concerned about his daughters access to returning Revolutionary War soldiers in the lax environment following the war, there are also records that show that Joseph Hanks mother, Catherine died in 1779. The land there had just become available with prices, proper surveys. Joseph married Ann, also known as Nancy and Nannie and she was born about 1742 and died about 1794. Joseph and Ann Hanks children are, Thomas was born in 1759, when the family moved to Kentucky, he remained in Hampshire County until 1800 when he settled in Rose County, Ohio. Joshua was born about 1762 and died about 1835, William was born about 1765 and died about 1851 or 1852. He was father to Abraham Lincolns rail splitter, John Hanks and he was married to the Elizabeth Hall, Levi Halls sister. He moved Illinois in 1826-1827 and in 1830 was a neighbor to Abraham Lincoln in Macon County, charles Joseph moved with the family in his youth, moved with his mother move to Virginia after the death of his father. He was raised by his brother, either Joshua or Thomas. In 1798 he moved to Kentucky and worked in an Elizabethtown carpentry shop where Thomas Lincoln also worked and he married Mary Young in 1810. He moved to Crawford County, Indiana in 1815 and to 10 years later moved to Sangamon County, Lucy, born about 1767, was the unwed mother of Nancy Hanks. She gave birth to Nancy in 1784, gave birth to Sarah Hanks about 1787, Lucy had eight children with Henry Sparrow. Nancy, the mother of Dennis Hanks, married Levi Hall. Elizabeth, nicknamed Betsey, was baptized May 4,1771 and she married to Thomas Sparrow and raised Dennis and Nancy Hanks. Nancy was called Nancy Sparrow by her Hanks relatives, Joseph Hanks lived on 108 acres on a fork of Mikes Run, alongside Patterson Creek, Hampshire County, VA
12.
John Hanks
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John Hanks was Abraham Lincolns first cousin, once removed, his mothers cousin. He was the son of William, Nancy Hanks Lincolns uncle. John Hanks was born near Beardstown, and near the Falls at Rough Creek, in Nelson County, Kentucky on February 9,1802. Four years later his family moved to Hardin County, Kentucky, Hanks married Susan Malinda Wilson in Kentucky in 1826. She was born on February 14,1804 and died on March 11,1863 and their children were William, Louis, Jane, Phelix, Emily, Mary Ellen and Levi. Hanks lived in Indiana with Thomas Lincoln for four years from 1822 or 1823, while there, he and Abraham farmed corn and were hired out to split rails. He then traveled to Kentucky for a year or two, in 1828 settled in Macon County, Illinois after having built the first house in Decatur, Illinois. It was he who persuaded Thomas to move to Illinois in 1830 and he worked alongside Abraham at his first job after he left home. Hanks and Abraham together went to New Orleans in 1831, as hired hands on a flatboat owned by Denton Offutt, Hanks claims that he initiated the first speech for Lincoln, believing that he would deliver a better speech than the candidate running for office. Having heard the speech, the candidate urged Lincoln to continue giving speeches, Hanks served four or six months during the Black Hawk War of 1832, during which time he helped build a fort at Ottawa. On May 9,1860, the day of the convention, Oglesby addressed the crowd. Two rails from a lot of three thousand made in 1830 by John Hanks and Abe Lincoln and this election stunt had the side-effect of making Hanks into somewhat of a national celebrity. Supporters requested genuine Lincoln rails split by Hanks and Lincoln, Oglesby wrote certificates of authenticity of the 72 genuine Lincoln rails that were dispatched on Hanks behalf. The Democrats started a rumour that Hanks was not in fact going to vote for Lincoln come election time and they had come to that conclusion based upon his having voted for Stephen A. Douglas, the Democratic presidential hopeful, in 1858. Oglesby transcribed a letter in response for the illiterate Hanks, stating that he would be voting for Lincoln, the letter was condemned by Hanks brother Charles and the Democrats, who were suspicions that the written by someone else, some smart Republican, on Hanks behalf. Charles stated that he thought Hanks even yet does not know what is in it and it was decided that no more open letters by Hanks should be published, and instead Hanks took to making personal appearances in support of Lincoln on the campaign trail. After Lincolns election, Hanks sought an appointment in the new administration, again through Oglesby as a letter-writing intermediary. When the United States Civil War broke, Hanks enlisted as a teamster in the Illinois regiment, under Ulysses S. Grant, despite being technically too old to enlist. Hanks was never to see his first cousin, once removed, in the flesh again, Lincoln family tree Ames, Marilyn Gahm
13.
Tom Hanks
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Thomas Jeffrey Hanks is an American actor and filmmaker. Hanks films have grossed more than $4.5 billion at U. S. and Canadian box offices and more than $9.0 billion worldwide, Hanks has been nominated for numerous awards during his career. In 2004, he received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. In 2014, he received a Kennedy Center Honor and, in 2016, he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2010, Spielberg and Hanks were executive producers on the HBO miniseries The Pacific. Hanks was born in Concord, California, the son of Janet Marylyn, a worker, and Amos Mefford Hanks. His mother was of Portuguese descent, while his father had English ancestry. The familys three oldest children, Sandra, Larry and Tom, went with their father, while the youngest, Jim, in his childhood, his family moved often. By the age of ten, Hanks had lived in ten different houses, while Hanks family religious history was Catholic and Mormon, he has characterized himself as being a Bible-toting evangelical for several years as a teenager. In school, Hanks was unpopular with students and teachers alike, later telling Rolling Stone magazine, I was a geek, I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy whod yell out funny captions during filmstrips, but I didnt get into trouble. I was always a good kid and pretty responsible. In 1965, his father married Frances Wong, a San Francisco native of Chinese descent, Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Hanks during his high school years. Hanks acted in plays, including South Pacific, while attending Skyline High School in Oakland. Hanks studied theater at Chabot College in Hayward, California, and transferred to California State University, Sacramento, Hanks told New York magazine in 1986, Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of going to plays. I wouldnt take dates with me, id just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing Brecht, Tennessee Williams, Ibsen, during his years studying theater, Hanks met Vincent Dowling, head of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio. At Dowlings suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the festival and his internship stretched into a three-year experience that covered most aspects of theater production, including lighting, set design, and stage management, prompting Hanks to drop out of college
14.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
15.
President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
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Kentucky
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Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U. S. states constituted as a commonwealth, originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States, Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State, a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil. One of the regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky. In 1776, the counties of Virginia beyond the Appalachian Mountains became known as Kentucky County, the precise etymology of the name is uncertain, but likely based on an Iroquoian name meaning the meadow or the prairie. Kentucky is situated in the Upland South, a significant portion of eastern Kentucky is part of Appalachia. Kentucky borders seven states, from the Midwest and the Southeast, West Virginia lies to the east, Virginia to the southeast, Tennessee to the south, Missouri to the west, Illinois and Indiana to the northwest, and Ohio to the north and northeast. Only Missouri and Tennessee, both of which border eight states, touch more, Kentuckys northern border is formed by the Ohio River and its western border by the Mississippi River. The official state borders are based on the courses of the rivers as they existed when Kentucky became a state in 1792, for instance, northbound travelers on U. S.41 from Henderson, after crossing the Ohio River, will be in Kentucky for about two miles. Ellis Park, a racetrack, is located in this small piece of Kentucky. Waterworks Road is part of the land border between Indiana and Kentucky. Kentucky has a part known as Kentucky Bend, at the far west corner of the state. It exists as an exclave surrounded completely by Missouri and Tennessee, Road access to this small part of Kentucky on the Mississippi River requires a trip through Tennessee. The epicenter of the powerful 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes was near this area, much of the outer Bluegrass is in the Eden Shale Hills area, made up of short, steep, and very narrow hills. The Jackson Purchase and western Pennyrile are home to several bald cypress/tupelo swamps, located within the southeastern interior portion of North America, Kentucky has a climate that can best be described as a humid subtropical climate. Temperatures in Kentucky usually range from daytime summer highs of 87 °F to the low of 23 °F. The average precipitation is 46 inches a year, Kentucky experiences four distinct seasons, with substantial variations in the severity of summer and winter. The highest recorded temperature was 114 °F at Greensburg on July 28,1930 while the lowest recorded temperature was −37 °F at Shelbyville on January 19,1994, due to its location, Kentucky has a moderate humid subtropical climate, with abundant rainfall
17.
Perry County, Indiana
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Perry County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U. S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, the population was 19,338, the county seat is Tell City. It is the hilliest county as well as one of the most forested counties of in Indiana as it more than 60,000 acres of Hoosier National Forest. The Ohio River Scenic Byway along Indiana State Road 66 runs along the border of the county while Interstate 64 traverses the northern portion of the county. Connecting the two is Indiana State Road 37, the county features three incorporated communities, Tell City, Cannelton and Troy. Each is located in Troy Township which is situated along the western corner of the county. Coordinated efforts with County officials led to the acquisition of a rail line that has since been reactivated as the County-owned Hoosier Southern Rail Road. Managed by the Perry County Port Authority, the 22-mile short-line rail road connects the Perry County River Port with the Norfolk Southern Rail Road, average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.98 inches in October to 5.22 inches in May. The county government is a body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana. County Council, The county council is the body of the county government and controls all the spending. Representatives are elected from county districts, the council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the budget. The council also has limited authority to local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes. Board of Commissioners, The executive and legislative body of the county is made of a board of commissioners, the commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president, the commissioners are charged with managing the day-to-day functions of the county government. Court, The county maintains a small court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of six years, the judge is assisted by a magistrate who is appointed by the judge. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state circuit court
18.
Springfield, Kentucky
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Springfield is a home rule-class city in and county seat of Washington County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 2,519 at the 2010 census, Springfield was established in 1793 and probably named for springs in the area. House and the Mordecai Lincoln House are historic houses in Springfield listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Springfield is located at 37°41′11″N 85°13′19″W. Springfield is located approximately 15 miles east of Bardstown,10 miles north of Lebanon, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.5 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,634 people,1,166 households, the population density was 1,048.5 per square mile. There were 1,239 housing units at a density of 493. 2/sq mi. The racial makeup of the city was 74. 68% White,22. 40% African American,0. 53% Asian,0. 80% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 25% of the population. 37. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 19. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.88. 21. 8% of the population was under the age of 18,7. 7% from 18 to 24,24. 9% from 25 to 44,22. 7% from 45 to 64, the median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 78.3 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $24,430, males had a median income of $29,917 versus $21,865 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,793, about 12. 3% of families and 16. 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16. 6% of those under age 18 and 22. 3% of those age 65 or over. Lemuel Boulware, General Electrics vice president of labor and community relations from 1956 until 1961, whose policy of bargaining became known as Boulwarism Paul Derringer, president Abraham Lincoln Thomas Lincoln, father of U. S. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Springfield has a subtropical climate
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William Herndon (lawyer)
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William Henry Herndon was a law partner and biographer of President Abraham Lincoln. He was an member of the new Republican Party and was elected mayor of Springfield. He was born the first child of Archer G. Herndon and his wife on December 25,1818 in Greensburg and his family moved to Illinois in 1820. Another child was born to Archer and his wife in Macon County, by the spring of 1821 the family was living in Sangamon County. When William was five, the family settled in the German Prairie settlement located five miles northeast of Springfield, two more children were born to the family there. Herndons father Archer built the first tavern in Springfield and was engaged in other forms of business from 1825 to 1836. He was also involved in politics as state senator, he was one of the men instrumental in having the capital moved to Springfield. William, known as Billy at the time, worked for his father at the Indian Queen hotel before he attended college and it was one of the first hotels in Springfield. On March 26,1840 Herndon married Mary J. Maxcy in Sangamon County, Marys family were also early Illinois settlers, her grandfather and step-grandmother arrived in 1827 and Marys immediate family arrived in 1834. Mary was born in Kentucky on July 27,1822 to Maria Cook Maxcy and James Maxcy, James father, Revolutionary War veteran Joel Maxcy, arrived in Sangamon County in 1827 with his second wife and died the following month. Mary and William had six children, James, Annie, Beverly, Elizabeth, Leigh, Mary Herndon died on August 18,1860. The following summer on July 31,1861 Herndon married Anna Miles with whom he had three children, Nina Belle, William and Minnie. The family moved to a farm in Fancy Creek Township located six miles north of Springfield, Herndon attended Illinois College from 1836 to 1837 in Jacksonville, Illinois, but he had an unsuccessful year. Following this, he returned to Springfield and clerked at the Joshua Speed store, where he engaged in debates, discussions. Their conversations and readings were sometimes practice sessions before presenting material to the Young Mens Lyceum and it was an organization of aspiring young men. In 1840 Herndon began studying law at the Logan and Lincoln law practice, although employed at Joshua Speeds store, he studied up to 14 hours per day after work. In November 1844, Herndon passed the bar examination, in 1854, ten years after beginning his partnership with Lincoln, he was elected mayor of Springfield, Illinois. Both men were members of the Whig Party, in 1856 Herndon was one of the organizers of the fledgling Republican Party after the dissolution of the Whigs
20.
Nelson County, Kentucky
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Nelson County is a county located in the U. S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 43,437, Nelson County comprises the Bardstown, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Louisville/Jefferson County-Elizabethtown-Madison, KY-IN Combined Statistical Area. The fourth county created in what is now Kentucky, it was formed from Jefferson County, Virginia in 1784, the county was named for Thomas Nelson, Jr. a Virginia Governor who signed the Declaration of Independence. In 1808, after Kentucky had become a state, a new Virginia county was named for Governor Nelson. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 424 square miles. Spencer County Anderson County Washington County Marion County LaRue County Hardin County Bullitt County As of the census of 2010, the population density was 102.4 per square mile. There were 18,075 housing units at a density of 42.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 93. 48% White,5. 03% Black or African American,0. 12% Native American,0. 50% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 78% from other races, and 1. 62% from two or more races. 2. 04% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race,24. 41% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 09% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the family size was 3.01. The age distribution was 25. 98% under 18,7. 98% from 18 to 24,26. 47% from 25 to 44,27. 84% from 45 to 64, the median age was 37.7 years. For every 100 females there were 96.80 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.60 males. Income data for Kentucky locations from the 2010 Census has not yet been released, as of the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the county was $39,010, and the median income for a family was $44,600. Males had an income of $32,015 versus $21,838 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,120, about 10. 00% of families and 12. 20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15. 70% of those under age 18 and 17. 40% of those age 65 or over. There are many attractions and events in Bardstown. 5-foot -tall fiberglass rooster statue standing in front of the store, according to The Kentucky Encyclopedia, it is one of the best-known general stores in the country and one of Kentuckys best-known unincorporated businesses. The district operates two K-8 schools, two schools, two middle schools, an alternative school, a vocational-technical school, and two high schools. The Bardstown City Schools serve students in most of the city of Bardstown, however, some areas of the city are instead served by the Nelson County district, and some of the Nelson County schools are physically within the Bardstown district
21.
Farnham, Virginia
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Farnham is an unincorporated community in Richmond County, in the U. S. state of Virginia. Farnham takes its name from Farnham, in Surrey, England, the North Farnham Church was built in 1737 and has featured in historic events since then. Two years into the War of 1812, bullet holes were left in the walls during a conflict between the Virginia militia and the British fleet, led by Admiral George Cockburn and this event was called the Skirmish at Farnham Church. During the Civil War the church was used by Union soldiers as a stable and it has been restored several times, once in 1872 and again in 1924. Linden Farm, also known as Dew House, is an early 18th-century farm situated on 282 acres and it has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1977
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Harrodsburg, Kentucky
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Harrodsburg is a home rule-class city in Mercer County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is the seat of its county, the population was 8,340 at the 2010 census. Harrodstown was laid out and founded by its namesake James Harrod on June 16,1774, amid Dunmores War, the settlement was abandoned later the same year as a result of Native American attacks, but it was resettled a year later in 1775. Fear of attacks from the Native Americans during the American Revolutionary War left it one of three settlements in Kentucky after 1777, along with Logans Fort and Boonesborough. Also known as Oldtown, Harrodstown was the first seat of Virginias Kentucky, Lincoln and it remains the seat of Mercer County in Kentucky. The settlement was established by the Virginia legislature in 1785 as Harrodsburg. In 1789, it was named the location of the Kentucky Federal District Court, the Kentucky legislature incorporated Harrodsburg in 1836. John Boyle on October 10,1862, the city then remained under martial law for the remainder of the war. The Louisville Southern Railroad network reached the city in 1888, Louisville Southern Railways construction commenced in 1884 and ran from Louisville through Shelbyville and Lawrenceburg to Harrodsburg, which was reached in 1888. A spur was constructed to Burgin, where the Louisville Southern joined the Cincinnati Southerns Cincinnati, New Orleans, now all run and operated by Norfolk Southern Railway. Pioneer Memorial Park was opened on June 16,1927, franklin Delano Roosevelt honored the city with a monument honoring the first permanent settlement west of the Appalachians. Company D of the 192nd Tank Battalion in the Battle of Bataan was from Harrodsburg, http, //shakervillageky. org Harrodsburg is located at 37°45′50″N 84°50′46″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.3 sq mi. U. S.127 runs North-South through Harrodsburg, U. S.127 Bypass goes around Harrodsburg. U. S.68 runs East-West through Harrodsburg, but U. S.68 turns onto U. S.127 some of the time in Harrodsburg, SR152 also runs East-West through Harrodsburg. These are the routes that runs through Harrodsburg. U. S.68 U. S.127 KY152 Harrodsburg is in the subtropical climate zone. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are cool with mild periods, average high is 87 °F in July and August, the warmest months, with the average lows of 26 °F in January, the coolest month
23.
Mercer County, Kentucky
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Mercer County is a county located in the U. S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 21,331, the county was formed from Lincoln County in 1785 and is named for Revolutionary War General Hugh Mercer, who was killed at the Battle of Princeton in 1777. It is a prohibition or dry county, though Harrodsburg and Pleasant Hill allow the sale of alcohol by the drink. Boyle County immediately to the south along US Hwy 127, is fully wet, Harrodsburg was the first city formally chartered in Kentucky County, the Virginia territory that later became the 15th American state. It was originally the county seat of Lincoln County when it was formed in 1780, Pleasant Hill, also known as Shakertown, is the site of a former Shaker community, active especially during the years before the American Civil War. It is a National Historic Landmark District, consisting of more than 30 historic buildings, the district also includes acres of farm and parkland. The American Civil War divided the county, however, many other county men served in the Confederate Army. The Louisville Southern Railroad LS network reached Harrodsburg in 1888, Louisville Southern Railways construction commenced in 1884 and ran from Louisville through Shelbyville and Lawrenceburg to Harrodsburg, which was reached in 1888. The rail yard and station were located at the corner of Office Street, now all run and operated by Norfolk Southern Railway. Company D of the 192nd Tank Battalion, which part in the World War II Battle of Bataan. was from Harrodsburg. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 253 square miles. The population density was 83 per square mile, there were 9,289 housing units at an average density of 37 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 94. 00% White,3. 69% Black or African American,0. 21% Native American,0. 47% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 63% from other races, and 0. 96% from two or more races. 1. 27% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race,25. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the family size was 2.93. By age,24. 40% of the population was under 18,7. 40% from 18 to 24,29. 10% from 25 to 44,24. 50% from 45 to 64, the median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 94.00 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.70 males. The median income for a household in the county was US$35,555, males had a median income of $33,657 versus $22,418 for females
24.
Dressmaker
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A dressmaker is a person who makes custom clothing for women, such as dresses, blouses, and evening gowns. Also called a mantua-maker or a modiste, dressmaker in this sense is contrasted to tailored and has fallen out of use since the rise of casual wear in the mid-twentieth century. Mantua-maker, in the century a maker of mantuas, or in general a dressmaker. Modiste, a maker of fashionable clothing and accessories, with the implication that the articles reflect the current Paris fashions. Sewing professional is the most general term for those who make their living by sewing, teaching, writing about sewing and she or he may work out of her home, a studio, or retail shop, and may work part-time or full-time. She or he may be any or all or the following sub-specialities, A custom clothier makes custom garments one at a time, to order, to meet a customers needs. A custom dressmaker specializes in womens apparel, including day dresses, careerwear, suits, evening or bridal wear, sportswear. A tailor makes custom menswear-style jackets and the skirts or trousers that go with them, an alterations specialist or alterationist adjusts the fit of completed garments, usually ready-to-wear, or restyles them. Note that while all tailors can do alterations, by no means can all alterationists do tailoring, designers choose combinations of line, proportion, color, and texture for intended garments. They may have no sewing or patternmaking skills, and may only sketch or conceptualize garments, a wardrobe consultant or fashion advisor recommends styles and colors for a client. A seamstress is someone who sews seams, or in other words and this term is not a synonym for dressmaker. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, a seamstress did handsewing, especially under the putting-out system, older variants are seamster and sempstress. Sewist is a new term, combining the words sew and artist, to describe someone who creates sewn works of art. Bespoke Fashion design Haute couture Tailor Sewing Butterick Publishing Company, The Art of Garment Cutting, Fitting and Making,1894. Deckert, Barbara, Sewing for Plus Sizes, Design, Fit and Construction for Ample Apparel, Taunton,1999, Appendix B, How to Find, Select, kirke, Betty, Madeleine Vionnet, Chronicle Books,1998. Picken, Mary Brooks, The Fashion Dictionary, Funk and Wagnalls,1957
25.
Old Fort Harrod State Park
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Old Fort Harrod State Park is a park located in Harrodsburg, Kentucky in the United States. The park encompasses 15 acres and features a reconstruction of Fort Harrod, the fort was named after James Harrod, who led an early party of settlers into Kentucky. The park also features the cabin where Abraham Lincolns parents, Thomas Lincoln, replica of Fort Harrod, Harrodsburg, 1923-1928. Old Fort Harrod State Park Kentucky Department of Parks
26.
Lincoln Homestead State Park
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Lincoln Homestead State Park is a state park located just north of Springfield, Kentucky in Washington County. The park encompasses 120 acres, and features historic buildings and reconstructions associated with Thomas Lincoln, father of President Abraham Lincoln. The two-story Francis Berry House is the original structure, it was where Nancy Hanks, Abrahams mother, was working as a seamstress. Thomas is said to have proposed to Nancy by the fireplace in the cabin. Two other buildings are reconstructions, the workshop where Thomas learned blacksmithing and carpentry, the 16 feet by 18 feet structure was built on the site of the original Lincoln cabin where Thomas lived with his family as a boy. It is made of 115-year-old logs, the furnishings were made by Thomas Lincoln as an artisan. Captain Abraham Lincoln, the grandfather, had moved to the site from Virginia in 1781-2 with his wife Beersheba. He was killed in May 1786 in an attack by an American Indian, Thomas was saved by his oldest brother Mordecais shooting the Indian before he could do anything to the boy. Captain Lincoln was buried near the cabin, but the location is unknown. The buildings are open between May and September, visitors may picnic and fish at the lake. There is also a playground for children, the park includes an 18-hole golf course on the land Mordecai Lincoln once farmed. On the other side of the road from the course is the Mordecai Lincoln House. It is a historic structure. Lincoln Homestead State Park Kentucky State Parks
27.
Hardin County, Kentucky
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Hardin County is a county located in the U. S. state of Kentucky. Its county seat is at Elizabethtown, the county was formed in 1792. Hardin County is part of the Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the Louisville/Jefferson County—Elizabethtown-Madison, as of the 2010 census, the population was 105,543. Hardin County is known for being the birthplace of former U. S. president Abraham Lincoln, Hardin County was established in 1792 from land given by Nelson County. Hardin was the 15th Kentucky county in order of formation, the county is named for Col. John Hardin, a Continental Army officer during the American Revolution and a brother of the Capt. William Hardin who founded Hardinsburg. Courthouse fires destroyed county records in 1864 and again in 1932, the present courthouse dates from 1934. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 630 square miles. It is the fourth-largest county by area in Kentucky, Hardin County borders nine counties, more than any other county in Kentucky. As of the census of 2010, there were 105,543 people,39,853 households, the population density was 167.5 per square mile. There were 43,261 housing units at a density of 68.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 80. 5% White,11. 6% Black or African American,0. 5% Native American,2. 0% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander,1. 5% from other races, and 3. 5% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 5. 0% of the population,24. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the family size was 3.04. The age distribution was 25. 97% under 18,9. 93% from 18 to 24,27. 50% from 25 to 44,25. 60% from 45 to 64, the median age was 35.0 years. For every 100 females there were 100.41 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.54 males. Complete economic data from the 2010 Census has not yet been released, according to the 2010 Census, the median income for a household in the county was $43,421, and the median income for a family was $55,151. The per capita income for the county was $23,744, remaining economic data is from the 2000 Census. At that time, males had an income of $30,743 versus $22,688 for females
28.
Knob Creek Farm
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Knob Creek Farm has been a noncontinuous section of the Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park since 2001, prior to that date it was privately owned. From 1811 to 1816, it was the homestead of the future President of the United States Abraham Lincoln. The site consists of four buildings, two of which are historical in nature, the total acreage of Knob Creek Farm is 228 acres, of which the Lincolns lived on 30 acres. Lincolns father Thomas Lincoln did not actually own the farm, he leased the land by the Old Cumberland Trail in hopes of regaining the Sinking Spring Farm and it was on this site that Lincolns brother, Thomas, was born and died. Lincoln himself almost died at the farm as well, nearly drowning at the adjacent Knob Creek until neighbor, the cabin the Lincolns lived in was destroyed in the 19th century. The two historical buildings at the location are the Lincoln Tavern and the Gollaher Cabin, the Tavern was built in 1933 at the cost of $4,200, the 1.5 floor structure was constructed of logs and concrete in an asymmetrical plan. The Gollaher Cabin was built around the year 1800, and moved to its present location to reflect what the Lincoln cabin would look like and it is the cabin Austin Gollahers family lived in during Lincolns stay at Knob Creek Farm. The tavern was built to cash in on the booming tourist trade came to LaRue County to see sites connected with Lincoln. It was originally a hall that served liquor, but when LaRue County became dry, it was converted to a museum and gift shop. During the 1980s,20,000 annually visited the complex, the farm was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 16,1988, due to its role in tourism in LaRue County, Kentucky, and for its connections with Abraham Lincoln. More detail on the history and specifics of the site are covered in a 2006 NPS report, Lincoln Boyhood Home NRHP Nomination Form. Young Lincolns Playmate Saved Him From Drowning
29.
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial
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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial is a United States Presidential Memorial, a National Historic Landmark District in present-day Lincoln City, Indiana. It preserves the site where Abraham Lincoln lived with his family from 1816 to 1830. During that time, he grew from a 7-year-old boy to a 21-year-old man and his mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, and at least 27 other settlers were buried here in the Pioneer Cemetery. His sister Sarah Lincoln Grigsby was buried in the nearby Little Pigeon Baptist Church cemetery, included in the park is the Lincoln Living Historical Farm. The Lincoln Boyhood Home was named a National Historic Landmark in 1960, in 2005 the site was visited by 147,443 people. On site is a center, featuring a 15-minute orientation film about Lincolns time in Indiana. The site is located ten minutes off the Interstate 64/U. S. 231 junction and near the new U. S.231 Route, the centerpiece of the memorial is a one-story limestone ashlar memorial building completed in 1945 that features five sculpted panels portraying different phases of Lincolns life. The building has an entrance fee and it has a small theater featuring a 16-minute film about Lincolns life in Indiana. The museum features exhibits and artifacts related to Lincolns life. A private gallery displays Lincoln-related artwork, including portraits and lithographs of Lincoln. The park holds an oil portrait of Nancy Hanks Lincoln, done by an artist long after her death, a chapel and meeting hall can be rented for public weddings and other gatherings. Nearby is the site of the original Lincoln cabin, the sandstone foundation clearly outlines the boundary of the house and is visible to visitors, discovered through a professional archeological excavation, it is now preserved and protected by a wall. A very short distance from the cabin site stands the replica farm house. Park rangers in full period clothing work the 1820s-style farm, making it a living history site, visitors can talk with them, take classes and learn more about the many activities and items at the farm. The Living Historical Farm is open seasonally, from mid-spring to early fall, it cultivates crops, raises livestock, Abrahams father Thomas Lincoln had lost two previous homes in Kentucky, one at the Sinking Spring Farm where Lincoln was born, in part through problems with land titles. Because Kentucky had not had proper land surveys in its years, many residents were forced off their farms after surveys were completed. The Lincolns were one family, after Thomas had built some economic and social success in Kentucky
30.
Ageratina altissima
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Ageratina altissima, also known as white snakeroot, richweed, white sanicle, or tall boneset, is a poisonous perennial herb in the family Asteraceae, native to eastern and central North America. Plants are upright or sometimes ascending, growing to 1.5 m tall and they are found in woods and brush thickets where they bloom mid to late summer or fall. The flowers are a white color and after blooming, small seeds with fluffy white tails are released to blow in the wind. This species is adaptive to different growing conditions and can be found in shady areas with open bare ground, it can be weedy in shady landscapes. There are two different varieties Ageratina altissima var. angustata and Ageratina altissima var. roanensis, they differ in the length of the flower phyllaries, white snakeroot contains the toxin tremetol, when the plants are consumed by cattle, the meat and milk become contaminated with the toxin. When milk or meat containing the toxin is consumed, the poison is passed on to humans, if consumed in large enough quantities, it can cause tremetol poisoning in humans. The poisoning is called milk sickness, as humans often ingested the toxin by drinking the milk of cows that had eaten snakeroot. Notably, milk sickness was possibly the cause of death in 1818 of Nancy Hanks Lincoln and it was some decades before European Americans traced the cause to snakeroot, although today Dr. Anna Pierce Hobbs Bixby is credited with identifying the plant in the 1830s. Legend has it that she was taught about the properties by a Shawnee woman. The Shawnee womans name is lost to history, but she and her people would have had knowledge of the herbs. The plants are poisonous to horses, goats, and sheep. This plant does serve a medical purpose, root tea has been used to treat diarrhea, kidney stones, and fever. A root poultice can be used on snakebites, a cultivar, sold under the name Eupatorium rugosum Chocolate, is grown in gardens for its dark-tinted foliage. The darkest color, which is a chocolaty black, occurs in plants grown in a sunny location, the plants are shade-tolerant and do best in moist soils. More recently, the plant can be found under the species name
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Ward Hill Lamon
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Ward Hill Lamon was a personal friend and self-appointed bodyguard of U. S. President Abraham Lincoln. Lamon was famously absent the night Lincoln was assassinated at Fords Theatre on April 14,1865, having been sent by Lincoln to Richmond, Lamons relation with Lincoln has been traced by Clint Clay Tilton in Lincoln and Lamon. Lamon was born near Winchester, Virginia, studied medicine for two years, and moved to Danville, Illinois, when he was 19 to live with relatives and he attended the University of Louisville to receive his law degree and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1851. In 1850, he moved back to Virginia, married Angelina Turner, Angelina died in April 1859, leaving a daughter, Dorothy, who was raised in Danville by Lamons sister, Mrs. William Morgan. In November 1860, Lamon married Sally Logan, daughter of Judge Stephen T. Logan, Logan had been Lincolns law partner from 1851 to 1854. Lamons professional association with Lincoln started in 1852, Lamon became the prosecuting attorney for the Old Eighth Judicial district and subsequently moved to Bloomington, Illinois, in 1858. While Lamon had Southern sympathies and his hatred of abolitionism set him apart from Lincoln, they remained friends, Lamon joined the then-young Republican Party and campaigned for Lincoln in 1860. When Lincoln was elected President, Lamon hoped for a diplomatic post. I want you to go to Washington with me and be prepared for a long stay, Lamon then accompanied him as he traveled from Springfield, Illinois, to Washington D. C. in February 1861. This trip would prove to be eventful, Lamon was a physically imposing man, and during the presidency, often took it upon himself to guard Lincoln. In February 1861, detective Allan Pinkerton uncovered a plot whereby Lincoln would be assassinated when he arrived in Baltimore on his way to his inauguration in Washington. Pinkerton advised Lincoln that rather than ride publicly through the city train stations as planned, he should take a midnight train straight through to Washington. Lamon was the sole friend chosen to accompany him, Lamon and Pinkerton famously clashed over the President-elects protection. Lamon offered Lincoln a Revolver and a Bowie Knife but Pinkerton protested that he would not for the world have it said that Mr. Lincoln had to enter the national Capital armed. The two men disagreed over Lamons desire to alert the Chicago Journal to their early arrival in Washington because Pinkerton, more prudently. In Pinkertons account of the plot, he wrote disparagingly of Lamon, referring to him as a brainless, Pinkerton allowed William Herndon to copy his report, which was obtained by Lamon when he purchased Herndons papers to write his Life of Abraham Lincoln. However, when Herndon first requested copies of Pinkertons report, Pinkerton agreed only on the condition that certain material be kept confidential, Lamons description detailed the manipulations of Pinkerton. Months before Lincoln traveled through Baltimore, Samuel M. Felton, president of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and it is conceivable that Feltons security concerns may have been about workers destroying bridges to create jobs for themselves and that homeless persons were living near railroad facilities
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Body habitus
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Habitus is a system of embodied dispositions, tendencies that organize the ways in which individuals perceive the social world around them and react to it. Thus, the habitus represents the way group culture and personal history shape the body and the mind, Pierre Bourdieu suggested that the habitus consists of both the hexis and more abstract mental habits, schemes of perception, classification, appreciation, feeling, and action. Pierre Bourdieu argued that the reproduction of the social structure results from the habitus of individuals, the notion of habitus is extremely influential, yet it also evoked criticism for its alleged determinism, as Bourdieu compared social actors to automata. The concept of habitus has been used as early as Aristotle but in contemporary usage was introduced by Marcel Mauss, Bourdieu elaborated his theory of the habitus while borrowing ideas on cognitive and generative schemes from Noam Chomsky and Jean Piaget dependency on history and human memory. Loïc Wacquant wrote that habitus is an old notion, originating in the thought of Aristotle. Bourdieu first adapted the term in his 1967 postface to Erwin Panofskys Gothic Architecture, the term was earlier used in sociology by Norbert Elias in The Civilizing Process and in Marcel Mausss account of body techniques. The concept is present in the work of Max Weber, Gilles Deleuze. Mauss defined habitus as those aspects of culture that are anchored in the body or daily practices of individuals, groups, societies, the term has also been adopted in literary criticism, adapting from Bourdieus usage of the term. Bourdieus principle of habitus is interwoven with the concept of structuralism in literary theory, there is therefore a strong desire to understand the larger influencing factors which makes an individual literary work. Thus, for instance, the behaviour or even the same good can appear distinguished to one person, pretentious to someone else. As a result, habitus may be employed in literary theory in order to understand those larger, external structures which influence individual theories, gabriel Ignatow explored how the notion of habitus can contribute to the sociology of morality. Philippe Bourgois – an anthropologist who incorporates the concept of habitus into much of his work with injection drug users in the San Francisco Bay Area. Loren Ludwig, USA – a musicologist researching the way that instrumental chamber music allows for the cultivation, Norbert Elias – In The Civilizing Process, Elias illustrates how the habitus is determined on our culturally accepted manners. His theory is extended to a national habitus of Germans. Dov Cohen and Hans IJzerman, who studied the habitus in social psychology, victor J. Friedman and Israel J. Sykes likens the idea of habitus to the idea of theory-in-action developed by Chris Aryris and Donald Schön. Body habitus is the term for physique, and is categorized as either endomorphic, ectomorphic or mesomorphic. In this sense, habitus can be understood as the physical and constitutional characteristics of an individual, outline of a Theory of Practice. Bourdieu, Pierre and Loïc J. D. Wacquant, Habitus, Freedom and Reflexivity Theory and Psychology Vol.19, pp. 728–755 MacLeod, Jay
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National Historic Landmark
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A National Historic Landmark is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Of over 85,000 places listed on the countrys National Register of Historic Places, a National Historic Landmark District may include contributing properties that are buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties. Contributing properties may or may not also be separately listed, prior to 1935, efforts to preserve cultural heritage of national importance were made by piecemeal efforts of the United States Congress. The first National Historic Site designation was made for the Salem Maritime National Historic Site on March 17,1938. In 1960, the National Park Service took on the administration of the data gathered under this legislation. Because listings often triggered local preservation laws, legislation in 1980 amended the procedures to require owner agreement to the designations. On October 9,1960,92 properties were announced as designated NHLs by Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton, more than 2,500 NHLs have been designated. Most, but not all, are in the United States, there are NHLs in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Three states account for nearly 25 percent of the nations NHLs, three cities within these states all separately have more NHLs than 40 of the 50 states. In fact, New York City alone has more NHLs than all but five states, Virginia, California, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, there are 74 NHLs in the District of Columbia. Some NHLs are in U. S. commonwealths and territories, associated states, and foreign states. There are 15 in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U. S. commonwealths and territories,5 in U. S. -associated states such as Micronesia, over 100 ships or shipwrecks have been designated as NHLs. About half of the National Historic Landmarks are privately owned, the National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks. A friends group of owners and managers, the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association, works to preserve, protect, if not already listed on the National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation. About three percent of Register listings are NHLs, american Water Landmark List of U. S
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National Park Service
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It was created on August 25,1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. As of 2014, the NPS employs 21,651 employees who oversee 417 units, the National Park Service celebrated its centennial in 2016. National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior, the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior and they wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service, Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3,1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933, the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasnt until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service, the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery, Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States national parks, Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no government to manage it. Yosemite National Park began as a park, the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership, at first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, the National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service
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Katherine Kennicott Davis
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Katherine Kennicott Davis was an American former teacher, who was a classical music composer, pianist, and author of the famous Christmas tune The Little Drummer Boy. Davis was born in St. Joseph, Missouri, on June 25,1892 and she composed her first piece of music, Shadow March, at the age of 15. She graduated from St. Joseph High School in 1910, in 1914 she won the colleges Billings Prize. After graduation she continued at Wellesley as an assistant in the Music Department, teaching music theory, at the same time she studied at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston. Davis also studied with Nadia Boulanger in Paris and she taught music at the Concord Academy in Concord, Massachusetts, and at the Shady Hill School for Girls in Philadelphia. She became a member of ASCAP in 1941. and was granted a doctorate from Stetson University, in DeLand. Katherine K. Davis continued writing music until she became ill in the winter of 1979-1980 and she died on April 20,1980, at the age of 87, in Littleton, Massachusetts. These funds are used to support musical instrument instruction, many of her over 600 compositions were written for the choirs at her school. She was actively involved in The Concord Series, multiple-volume set of music, many of the musical volumes were compiled, arranged, and edited by Davis with Archibald T. Davison, and they were published by E. C. Schirmer in Boston. She wrote The Little Drummer Boy, in 1941 and it became famous when recorded by the Harry Simeone Chorale in 1958, the recording sailed to the top of the Billboard charts and Simeone insisted on a writers royalty for his arrangement of the song. Another famous hymn by Katherine Davis is the Thanksgiving hymn Let All Things Now Living which uses the melody of the traditional Welsh folk song The Ash Grove. Birchard Seasonal Anthems for junior choirs, two-part childrens chorus and keyboard,1963, B. F. Wood Music Shepherds, Awake. Mixed voices a cappella,1938, Remick Music Sing Gloria, text by John Crowley, mixed voices, SA duet, Katherine Davis, Composer, At 87, Memorial Service At Wheaton. Miss Davis composed more than 800 selections, sacred and secular and her most well-known song is the carol, The Little Drummer Boy, originally published in 1941 as The Carol of the Drum. She also composed songs, seven operas, carols, choruses, Katherine K. Davis, life and work. Ann Arbor, Michigan, Thesis, University of Missouri, reprint by University Microfilms, flanagan, A. L. Katherine K. Davis, 1892-1980, The American Organist, p.31. The Hymns of Katherine K. Davis, The Hymn,43, pp. 28–33
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The Little Drummer Boy
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The Little Drummer Boy is a popular Christmas song written by the American classical music composer and teacher Katherine Kennicott Davis in 1941. It was recorded in 1951 by the Trapp Family Singers and realised on the choirs first LP Christmas with the Trapp Family Singers and these were the first recordings released on their new record label Decca Records and further popularized by a 1958 recording by the Harry Simeone Chorale. This version was re-released successfully for years and the song has been recorded many times since. The song was originally titled Carol of the Drum and was published by Davis as based upon a traditional Czech carol and it is headed Czech Carol freely transcribed by K. K. D, these initials then deleted and replaced with C. R. W. Robinson, a name under which Davis sometimes published, the Czech original of the carol has never been identified. In 1957 it was recorded, with an altered arrangement. Simeone and Onorati claimed joint composition credits with Davis, the album and the song were an enormous success, the single scoring on the U. S. music charts from 1958 to 1962. In 1963, the album was reissued under the title The Little Drummer Boy, A Christmas Festival, the following year the album was released in stereo. In 1988, The Little Drummer Boy, A Christmas Festival was released on CD by Casablanca Records, and subsequently, on Island Records. Harry Simeone, who in 1964 had signed with Kapp Records, recorded a new version of The Little Drummer Boy in 1965 for his album O Bambino, Simeone recorded the song a third and final time in 1981, for an album on the budget Holiday Records label. The story depicted in the song is similar to a 12th-century legend retold by Anatole France as Le Jongleur de Notre Dame. The Crusaders released their version of the song as a single, jackie Evancho covered the song with Il Volo on her album Someday at Christmas In Spanish speaking countries it is a common carol recorded under the name El niño del tambor or El tamborilero. One of the better known cover versions of the song is sung by Spanish singer Raphael, in French speaking countries since Nana Mouskouri 1965 version it is a common song recorded under the name Lenfant au tambour. A Punjabi version was recorded under the name Drummer Boy - Kich Ke in 2014 by Canadian YouTube sensation Jus Reign for his Geeta Brothers Presents - Punjabi Christmas Album. The Finnish band Northern Kings recorded a version with Finnish lyrics, entitled Pieni Rumpali, in 2015, Sonata Arctica frontman Tony Kakko, who sang on the Raskasta Joulua version, and Apocalyptica cellist Eicca Toppinen collaborated to record another version. The Little Drummer Boy at Keyframe - the Animation Resource The Little Drummer Boy at the Internet Movie Database Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
