1.
Keyhole Markup Language
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Keyhole Markup Language is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within Internet-based, two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer and it was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became a standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, other projects such as Marble have also started to develop KML support. The KML file specifies a set of features for display in Here Maps, Google Earth, Maps and Mobile, each place always has a longitude and a latitude. Other data can make the more specific, such as tilt, heading, altitude. KML shares some of the same grammar as GML. Some KML information cannot be viewed in Google Maps or Mobile, KML files are very often distributed in KMZ files, which are zipped KML files with a. kmz extension. These must be legacy compression compatible, otherwise the. kmz file might not uncompress in all geobrowsers. The contents of a KMZ file are a single root KML document and optionally any overlays, images, icons, the root KML document by convention is a file named doc. kml at the root directory level, which is the file loaded upon opening. By convention the root KML document is at level and referenced files are in subdirectories. An example KML document is, The MIME type associated with KML is application/vnd. google-earth. kml+xml, the longitude, latitude components are as defined by the World Geodetic System of 1984. The vertical component is measured in meters from the WGS84 EGM96 Geoid vertical datum, if altitude is omitted from a coordinate string, e. g. then the default value of 0 is assumed for the altitude component, i. e. A formal definition of the reference system used by KML is contained in the OGC KML2.2 Specification. This definition references well-known EPSG CRS components, the KML2.2 specification was submitted to the Open Geospatial Consortium to assure its status as an open standard for all geobrowsers. In November 2007 a new KML2.2 Standards Working Group was established within OGC to formalize KML2.2 as an OGC standard. Comments were sought on the standard until January 4,2008. The OGC KML Standards Working Group finished working on change requests to KML2.2, the official OGC KML2.3 standard was published in August 4,2015
Keyhole Markup Language
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Keyhole Markup Language
2.
GPS eXchange Format
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GPX, or GPS Exchange Format, is an XML schema designed as a common GPS data format for software applications. It can be used to describe waypoints, tracks, and routes, the format is open and can be used without the need to pay license fees. Location data is stored in tags and can be interchanged between GPS devices and software, common software applications for the data include viewing tracks projected onto various map sources, annotating maps, and geotagging photographs based on the time they were taken. These are the data contained in GPX files. Ellipsis means that the element can be repeated. Additional data may exist within every markup but is not shown here and it consists of the WGS84 coordinates of a point and possibly other descriptive information. TrkType is a track, made of at least one segment containing waypoints, that is, a Track Segment holds a list of Track Points which are logically connected in order. To represent a single GPS track where GPS reception was lost, or the GPS receiver was turned off, rteType is a route, an ordered list of routepoint leading to a destination. Conceptually, tracks are a record of where a person has been, technically, a track is made of a sufficient number of trackpoints to precisely draw every bend of a path on a bitmap. The routepoints may be crossings or junctions or as distant as stopover towns, hence, such a project can be saved and reloaded in a GPX file. A process called routing computes a route and may produce a GPX route made of the routepoints where some driver action takes place, the GPX points may contain the text of those instructions. The GPX file may contain both route and track so that a program can get points from the track even if it has no access to a vector map. The minimum properties for a GPX file are latitude and longitude for every single point. Some vendors, such as Humminbird and Garmin, use extensions to the GPX format for recording street address, phone number, business category, air temperature, depth of water, and other parameters. Latitude and longitude are expressed in degrees, and elevation in meters. Dates and times are not local time, but instead are Coordinated Universal Time using ISO8601 format, the following is a truncated GPX file produced by a Garmin Oregon 400t hand-held GPS unit. Concepts Point of Interest OpenStreetMap, a project to create free editable maps using, among others. File formats Exchangeable image file format Geography Markup Language KML, the equivalent format compatible with Google Earth, NMEA0183 NMEA2000 TCX, Garmin Training Center XML Software GPSBabel, used to upload/download/convert GPX files GPX, the GPS Exchange Format
GPS eXchange Format
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Waypoints, routes and tracks recorded by GPS receivers.
3.
Hawaii
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Hawaii is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21,1959. Hawaii is the only U. S. state located in Oceania and it is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is the only U. S. state not located in the Americas, the state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles. At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast, Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaiʻi. The last is the largest island in the group, it is called the Big Island or Hawaiʻi Island to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania, Hawaii has over a million permanent residents, along with many visitors and U. S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii is the 8th-smallest and the 11th-least populous, but the 13th-most densely populated of the fifty U. S. states. It is the state with an Asian plurality. The states coastline is about 750 miles long, the fourth longest in the U. S. after the coastlines of Alaska, Florida, the state of Hawaii derives its name from the name of its largest island, Hawaiʻi. A common Hawaiian explanation of the name of Hawaiʻi is that was named for Hawaiʻiloa and he is said to have discovered the islands when they were first settled. The Hawaiian language word Hawaiʻi is very similar to Proto-Polynesian *Sawaiki, cognates of Hawaiʻi are found in other Polynesian languages, including Māori, Rarotongan and Samoan. According to linguists Pukui and Elbert, lsewhere in Polynesia, Hawaiʻi or a cognate is the name of the underworld or of the home, but in Hawaii. A somewhat divisive political issue arose in 1978 when the Constitution of the State of Hawaii added Hawaiian as an official state language. The title of the constitution is The Constitution of the State of Hawaii. Article XV, Section 1 of the Constitution uses The State of Hawaii, diacritics were not used because the document, drafted in 1949, predates the use of the okina and the kahakō in modern Hawaiian orthography. The exact spelling of the name in the Hawaiian language is Hawaiʻi. In the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the government recognized Hawaii as the official state name. Official government publications, department and office titles, and the Seal of Hawaii use the spelling with no symbols for glottal stops or vowel length
Hawaii
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Hawaii from space, January 26, 2014
Hawaii
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Flag
Hawaii
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Nā Pali coast, Kaua ʻ i
Hawaii
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The main islands and undersea terrain of Hawaii
4.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
National Register of Historic Places
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Logo used for the NRHP.
National Register of Historic Places
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Old Slater Mill, a historic district in
Pawtucket, Rhode Island, was the first property listed in the National Register on November 13, 1966.
National Register of Historic Places
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The
Loren Andrus Octagon House in
Washington, Michigan has been on the NRHP since September 3, 1971.
National Register of Historic Places
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Built in 1800 by
Samuel McIntire in
Salem, the
Stephen Phillips House is operated as a
historic house museum by
Historic New England and open for public tours.
5.
Niihau
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Niʻihau is the westernmost and seventh largest inhabited island in Hawaiʻi. It is 17.5 miles southwest of Kauaʻi across the Kaulakahi Channel and its area is 69.5 square miles. Several intermittent playa lakes provide wetland habitats for the Hawaiian coot, the black-winged stilt, the island is designated as critical habitat for Brighamia insignis, an endemic and endangered species of Hawaiian lobelioid. The United States Census Bureau defines Niʻihau and the island and State Seabird Sanctuary of Lehua as Census Tract 410 of Kauai County. Its 2000 census population was 160, Its 2010 census population was 170, elizabeth Sinclair purchased Niʻihau in 1864 for $10,000 from the Kingdom of Hawaii and private ownership passed on to her descendants, the Robinson family. During World War II, the island was the site of the Niʻihau Incident, A Japanese navy fighter pilot crashed on the island, the people of Niʻihau are known for their gemlike lei pūpū craftsmanship, and speak Hawaiian as a primary language. The island is generally off-limits to all but relatives of the owners, U. S. Navy personnel, government officials and invited guests. Beginning in 1987, a number of supervised activity tours. The island is managed by brothers Bruce Robinson and Keith Robinson. Niʻihau is located about 18 miles west of Kauaʻi, and the tiny, Niʻihaus dimensions are 6.2 miles by 18.6 miles. The maximum elevation is 1,280 feet, the island is about 4.9 million years old, making it geologically younger than the 5-million-year-old neighboring island of Kauaʻi to the northeast. Niʻihau consists of one extinct volcano that had a landslide to the east. The island is relatively arid because it lies in the shadow of Kauaʻi. Niʻihau therefore, depends for its rain on winter Kona storms, as such, the island is subject to long periods of drought. As an arid island, Niʻihau was barren of trees for centuries — Captain James Cook reported it treeless in 1778, island co-owner Keith Robinson, a noted conservationist, preserved and documented many of Niʻihaus natural plant resources. The island is designated as a habitat for the ʻōlulu. Aylmer robinsonii, a Pritchardia palm tree named for Keith Robinsons uncle Aylmer Robinson, is a species native to Niʻihau. Several bird species thrive on Niʻihau, intermittent playa lakes on the island provide wetland habitats for the ʻalae keʻokeʻo, the āeʻo, and the koloa maoli
Niihau
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Aerial view of Ni ʻ ihau looking southwestward from the north
Niihau
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View of the rugged cliffs of windward Ni ʻ ihau (the northeastern shore)
Niihau
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Map of Yam Bay and Ni ʻ ihau, Captain George Dixon's Journal, 1788.
Niihau
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A group of villagers at Puʻuwai Beach settlement, Ni ʻ ihau in 1885. Photograph taken by Francis Sinclair, son of Elizabeth McHutchison Sinclair.
6.
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
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The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands or the Leeward Islands are the small islands and atolls in the Hawaiian island chain located northwest of the islands of Kauai and Niihau. They are part of the U. S. state of Hawaii except Midway Atoll, in the state of Hawaii, they are part of Honolulu County. The United States Census Bureau defines this area as Census Tract 114.98 of Honolulu County and its total land area is 3.1075 square miles. All the islands except Nihoa are north of the Tropic of Cancer and it represents the southwestern part of the islands former volcanic cone. Ancient Hawaiians might have stayed here long-term, 40-acre Necker Island is hook shaped and 270 feet tall at its summit. Barren of vegetation, it was used by Ancient Hawaiians for religious purposes, French Frigate Shoals is an atoll, the largest region of coral reefs in Hawaii, at 200 square miles. The atoll is composed of a dozen or so islands, Tern Island housing an airport. Gardner Pinnacles is made up of two small peaks, the last rocky island in Hawaii. While the island itself is tiny, the reef is expansive. 166-square-mile Maro Reef is an extremely fertile reef system that has described as a coral garden. Laysan is a 913-acre, low, sandy island with a lake in its interior. It has arguably the most diverse ecosystem in the NWHI, Lisianski Island, only 400 acres, is geologically akin to Laysan, without the lake. Though the island is slightly less biodiverse, the reef is very fertile. Pearl and Hermes Atoll is an very similar to French Frigate Shoals. For this reason, it was ignored by guano miners. Midway Atoll is the most commonly known of the NWHI, and is also the largest, circular Kure Atoll contains the 236-acre Green Island, which used to host a LORAN station and a runway, but these have since been demolished. In terms of biodiversity, Kure is one of the less impressive of the NWHI, as the Pacific Plate moved north and later northwest over the hot spot, volcanic eruptions built up islands in a linear chain. The isolated land masses gradually eroded and subsided, evolving from high islands in the south, much like the Main Islands of Hawaii, each of the NWHI are in various stages of erosion
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
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The interior of Laysan, showing the
hypersaline lake.
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
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The reserve sign on Lisianski
7.
List of counties in Hawaii
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The five counties of Hawaii on the Hawaiian Islands enjoy somewhat greater status than many counties on the United States mainland. Counties in Hawaii are the legally constituted government bodies below that of the state. No formal level of government exists below that of the county in Hawaii, unlike the other 49 states, Hawaii does not delegate educational responsibility to local school boards, public education is carried out by the Hawaii State Department of Education. Hawaiian counties collect property taxes and user fees in order to support maintenance, community activities, parks, garbage collection, police, ambulance. All the counties were created in 1905 from unorganized territory, seven years after the Territory of Hawaii was created, the county of Kalawao was historically exclusively used as a leper colony, and does not have many of the elected officials the other counties do. The Federal Information Processing Standard code, which is used by the United States government to identify counties, is provided with each entry. The FIPS code for each county links to data for that county
List of counties in Hawaii
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Hawaii
8.
National Park Service
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It was created on August 25,1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. As of 2014, the NPS employs 21,651 employees who oversee 417 units, the National Park Service celebrated its centennial in 2016. National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior, the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior and they wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service, Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3,1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933, the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasnt until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service, the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery, Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States national parks, Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no government to manage it. Yosemite National Park began as a park, the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership, at first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, the National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service
National Park Service
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In 1916, a portfolio of nine major parks was published to generate interest. Printed on each brochure was a map showing the parks and principal railroad connections.
National Park Service
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National Park Service Arrowhead
National Park Service
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In 1934, a series of ten postage stamps were issued to commemorate the reorganization and expansion of the National Park Service.
National Park Service
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Grand Canyon National Park, south rim of canyon.
9.
Kilauea Light
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Kīlauea Lighthouse is located on Kīlauea Point on the island of Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi in the Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge. Kīlauea Point, a narrow, lava peninsula protruding from the shore of Kauaʻi, was purchased from the Kīlauea Sugar Plantation Company in 1909 for one US dollar. Before construction could begin, a method for delivering supplies to the point had to be developed, due to the lack of good roads from the Nawiliwili harbor, the decision was made to bring the materials in by sea. The lighthouse tender Kukui would anchor offshore and then dispatch small boats with supplies to a cove near the point, since there was no beach landing, the boats would anchor to cleats cemented into the lava rocks at the point. A boom derrick, constructed on a ledge above the water, would pluck the supplies from the boats, finally, after almost four years of planning, construction began in July 1912 and the light was dedicated on May 1,1913. The tower was built in a Classical Revival architecture style out of reinforced concrete, the tower is a slightly tapering cylinder about 52 feet high. The upper portion has a circular walkway with handrail. The lens one of only seven second-order Fresnel lenses remaining in a lighthouse in the US, barbier, Bernard, and Turenne manufactured the lens in Paris, France. The 9, 000-pound lens floated on mercury and compressed air, the lens was rotated by a system of pulleys powered by weights that needed to be reset by an operator every 3.5 hours. An oil storage house was built 155 feet southeast of the light, about 1,000 feet south is a residential area with three small stone houses. Each house and the lighthouse itself has a storage tank. The point is accessed from Route 56, north of the town of Kīlauea, a radio beacon was added in 1930, and with the added generator the light was changed to be powered by electricity. Originally 250,000 candle power, the light reached 2,500,000 candle power in 1958, the station was manned until 1974 when it was automated. In February 1976 the light was moved to a smaller tower. It was one of the last lights converted to automation by the United States Coast Guard in the Hawaiian Islands, the radio beacon was replaced in 1956, and then in the 1980s converted to a visitor center. On October 18,1979 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii as site 79000759, the historic district included 31 acres. In 1985 the Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, starting with the original Coast Guard Station, a new visitor center was built in 1988. The buildings were damaged by Hurricane Iniki in September 1992, the visitors center is operated by the Kilauea Point Natural History Association
Kilauea Light
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Kīlauea Lighthouse, 2008
Kilauea Light
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Kilauea Point, 2008
Kilauea Light
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Aloha Tower
10.
Hulihee Palace
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The Huliheʻe Palace is located in historic Kailua-Kona, Hawaiʻi, on Alii Drive. The former vacation home of Hawaiian royalty, it was converted to a run by the Daughters of Hawaiʻi, showcasing furniture. It is located at 75–5718 Aliʻi Drive, Kailua-Kona, the palace was originally built out of lava rock by John Adams Kuakini during the Kingdom of Hawaii. When he died in 1844 he left it to his hānai son William Pitt Leleiohoku I, Leleiohoku died in the measles epidemic of 1848 and left it to his son John William Pitt Kīnaʻu, but he died young and the palace went to his mother Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani. Ruth made Huliheʻe her chief residence for most of her life and she invited all of the reigning monarchs to vacation at Huliheʻe, from Kamehameha III to Liliʻuokalani. Ruth died and left the palace to her cousin and sole heir Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop and it was later sold to King Kalākaua and Queen Kapiʻolani. Kalākaua renamed the palace Hikulani Hale, which means “House of the Seventh ruler, ” referring to himself, in 1885, King Kalākaua had the palace plastered over the outside to give the building a more refined appearance. After Kalākauas death it passed to Kapiʻolani who left Huliheʻe Palace to her two nephews, Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole Piʻikoi and Prince David Kawānanakoa. In 1927 the Daughters of Hawaiʻi, a dedicated to preserving the cultural legacy of the Hawaiian Islands, restored Huliheʻe Palace. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings on the island of Hawaii in 1973 as site 73000653, the palaces walls and ceiling had slight cracks following the 2006 Hawaii earthquake that was centered on the Kohala coast. Media related to Hulihee Palace at Wikimedia Commons The Huliheʻe Palace official web site Historic American Buildings Survey No, hI-49, Hulihee Palace, Alii Drive, Kailua, Hawaii County, HI,2 photos,8 measured drawings,9 data pages,1 photo caption page
Hulihee Palace
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Hulihe ʻ e Palace
Hulihee Palace
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Hulihe ʻ e Palace, seen from Ali ʻ i Drive.
Hulihee Palace
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Hulihe ʻ e Palace after 2006 earthquake. (01/2007)
Hulihee Palace
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South wall after 2006 earthquake. (01/2007)
11.
Kalawao County, Hawaii
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Kalawao County is a county located in the U. S. state of Hawaii. The county encompasses the Kalaupapa or Makanalua Peninsula, on the north coast of the island of Molokaʻi, the small peninsula of Kalaupapa is isolated from the rest of Molokaʻi by sea cliffs over a quarter-mile high—the only land access is a mule trail. As of the 2010 census, the population was 90, making it the county in Hawaii. Because of the population, Kalawao County does not have the functions of other Hawaii counties. It is a district of Maui County, which includes the rest of the island of Molokaʻi. The county has no elected government, developed and used from 1866 to 1969 for settlements for treatment of quarantined persons with leprosy, it is administered by the Hawaii Department of Health. The only county statutes that apply to Kalawao County directly are those on matters of health, Kalawao County is included in the Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI Metropolitan Statistical Area. Kalawao County is independent of the rest of Molokaʻi, which is included as part of Maui County. The county encompasses the Kalaupapa Settlement where the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, the Republic of Hawaiʻi, the territory, the quarantine policy was lifted after effective antibiotic treatments were developed that could be administered on an outpatient basis and patients could be rendered non-contagious. No new patients, or other permanent residents, are admitted, visitors are permitted only as part of officially sanctioned tours. State law prohibits anyone under the age of 16 from visiting or living there, the Kalaupapa National Historical Park has been established to preserve the history and environment of the county. It is coterminous with the boundaries of Kalawao County, at the time of the 2010 census, Kalawao County had a population of 90, making its population the second smallest of any county in the United States. Only Loving County, Texas had a smaller population, according to a 2015 census esimate, Kalawao County is now the least-populated county in the United States. Kalawao is part of the First Judicial Circuit, which includes the island of Oahu. For the purpose of notarization, the venue for the First Judicial Circuit is State of Hawaii. Kalawao County lacks a local, county government, instead, Kalawao County is administered by the Hawaii Department of Health because of the history of the settlement and current patients living there. Under Hawaiian state law, the Director of the Hawaii Department of Health, the Mayor holds executive powers within the county, the mayor also appoints a county sheriff, who is selected from local residents. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 53 square miles
Kalawao County, Hawaii
–
Location in the state of
Hawaii
12.
Maui County, Hawaii
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Maui County, officially County of Maui, is a county located in the U. S. state of Hawaii. It consists of the islands of Maui, Lanai, Molokai, Kahoolawe, the latter two islands are uninhabited. As of the 2010 census, the population was 154,834, Maui County is included in the Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI Metropolitan Statistical Area. Maui County has a form of municipal government. Unlike traditional municipal governments, the county government is established by the legislature by statute and is not chartered. Executive authority is vested in the mayor, elected by the voters on a basis to a four-year term. Legislative authority is vested in the county council. All seats in the county council have residency requirements, however, members of the county council are elected on a non-partisan basis to two-year terms. The current mayor of Maui County is Alan Arakawa since January 2,2011, Arakawa had served a previous term as mayor from 2002 to 2006. Maui County was the county in the United States won by Dennis Kucinich during his unsuccessful campaign for the Democratic Party nomination to the presidency in 2004. The Department of Liquor Control is the agency which regulates and enforces state and county laws regarding the manufacture, importation, sale and consumption of intoxicating liquors. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 2,398 square miles. The islands that comprise Maui County correspond to the remnants of the ancient landmass of Maui Nui, the highest point in the county is the peak of Haleakala at 10,012 ft. Haleakala is a shield volcano located on the eastern side of the island of Maui. The population density was 110 people per square mile, there were 56,377 housing units at an average density of 49 per square mile. 7. 8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,21. 90% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the family size was 3.41. In the county, the population was out with 25. 50% under the age of 18,7. 70% from 18 to 24,30. 90% from 25 to 44,24. 40% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 100.90 males
Maui County, Hawaii
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Seal
Maui County, Hawaii
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Location in the state of
Hawaii
13.
Molokai
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Molokaʻi or Molokai, often called the Friendly Island, is an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. It lies east of Oʻahu across the 25-mile wide Kaiwi Channel and north of Lānaʻi, the island has been known both for developments by Molokai Ranch on much of the island, for pineapple production, cattle ranching and tourism. Residents or visitors to the west end of Molokaʻi can see the lights of Honolulu on Oahu at night, they can view nearby Lānaʻi and Maui from anywhere along the south shore of the island. In Kalawao County, on the Kalaupapa Peninsula on the north coast, settlements were established in 1866 for quarantined treatment of persons with leprosy, the Kalaupapa National Historical Park now preserves this entire county and area. Molokaʻi developed from two shield volcanoes known as East Molokaʻi and the much smaller West Molokaʻi. The highest point is Kamakou on East Molokaʻi, at 4,970 feet, today, East Molokaʻi volcano, like the Koʻolau Range on Oʻahu, is what remains of the southern half of the original mountain. The northern half suffered a collapse about 1.5 million years ago. What remains of the volcano on the island include the highest sea cliffs in the world, the south shore of Molokaʻi boasts the longest fringing reef in the U. S. and its holdings—nearly 25 miles long. Molokaʻi is part of the state of Hawaiʻi and located in Maui County, except for the Kalaupapa Peninsula, Maui County encompasses Maui, Lānaʻi, and Kahoʻolawe in addition to Molokaʻi. The largest town on the island is Kaunakakai, which is one of two ports on the island. Molokai Airport is located on West Molokaʻi, the United States Census Bureau divides the island into three census tracts, Census Tract 317 and Census Tract 318 of Maui County, Hawaii, and Census Tract 319 of Kalawao County, Hawaii. The total 2010 census population of these was 7,345, Molokaʻi is separated from Oʻahu on the west by the Kaiwi Channel, from Maui on the southeast by the Pailolo Channel, and from Lānaʻi on the south by the Kalohi Channel. Molokaʻi is split into two geographical areas. The low western half is very dry and the soil is heavily denuded due to land management practices. It lacks significant ground cover and virtually the entire section is covered in non-native kiawe trees, one of the few natural areas remaining almost intact are the coastal dunes of Moʻomomi, which are part of a Nature Conservancy preserve. The eastern half of the island is a plateau rising up to an elevation of 4,900 ft on Kamakou peak. The eastern half is covered with wet forests that get more than 300 in of rain per year. The high-elevation forests are populated by native ʻōhiʻa lehua trees and an extremely diverse endemic flora, much of the summit area is protected by the Nature Conservancys Kamakou and Pelekunu valley preserves
Molokai
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Satellite image of Moloka ʻ i.
Molokai
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Moloka ʻ i
Molokai
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Eastern Molokai with a portion of
Kamakou and Molokai Forest Reserve
Molokai
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Halawa Bay Beach Park, located at the extreme east end of Moloka ʻ i
14.
Honolulu County, Hawaii
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Honolulu County is a consolidated city–county located in the U. S. state of Hawaii. The consolidated city-county was established in the city adopted in 1907. As a municipal corporation and jurisdiction it manages aspects of government traditionally exercised by municipalities and counties in the rest of the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 953,207, because of Hawaiis municipal structure, the United States Census Bureau divides Honolulu County into several census-designated places for statistical purposes. The current mayor of Honolulu County is Kirk Caldwell, who reclaimed the job from the person who defeated him in a 2010 special election, Peter Carlisle, the county motto is Haʻaheo No ʻO Honolulu. Approximately 70% of the population lives in Honolulu County. Only Nevada has a percentage of its population living in its most populous county. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 2,128 square miles. However, the majority of area is the Pacific Ocean that surrounds the islands. For 2013, the county has an operating budget of US$2.16 billion. The government of Honolulu County is simplified and streamlined and coalesces at three major divisions of municipal power, the mayor of Honolulu is the principal executor of administrative authority. The mayor is elected on a basis to a four-year term. The Honolulu City Council is the legislative body. Its elected members are responsible for drafting and passing laws, as well as proposing budgets for various departments, unlike other cities in the United States, the council is absolutely independent of the mayor, who does not make any appearances during any of the council sessions. The nine council members represent one of nine districts, and are elected on a non-partisan basis to staggered four-year terms. The Prosecuting Attorney of Honolulu is independently elected of the two major divisions of municipal power, and is charged with prosecuting criminal offenses committed within the county. The office is not charged with providing legal counsel to the mayor or City Council, the prosecuting attorney is elected on a non-partisan basis to a four-year term. The Honolulu County is divided into 36 neighborhood boards, the office of neighborhood board member is an advisory position for public policy and civil investment
Honolulu County, Hawaii
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Downtown Honolulu, the city and county urban center, in 2007.
Honolulu County, Hawaii
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Honolulu Hale is the county seat, home of the County mayor and council.
Honolulu County, Hawaii
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The Capitol of the State of Hawai ʻ i
Honolulu County, Hawaii
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Honolulu International Airport
15.
Necker Island Archeological District
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Necker Island is a small island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It is located at 23°34′35″N 164°42′0″W in the Pacific Ocean,155 miles northwest of Nihoa and 8 miles north of the Tropic of Cancer. It contains important prehistoric sites of the Hawaiian culture and is part of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge within the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Monument. The United States Census Bureau reports its land area as 45.193 acres, the island is rocky with steep sides and has very little soil. Its highest elevation is 277 feet, the island is named after Jacques Necker, a finance minister of Louis XVI. Few signs of human habitation have been found. However, the island contains 33 stone shrines and stone artifacts much like those found in the main Hawaiian Islands, because of this, many anthropologists believe that the island was a ceremonial and religious site. According to the myths and legends of the people of Kauai, according to the legend, the Menehune settled on Necker after being chased off Kauai by the stronger Polynesians and subsequently built the various stone structures there. Visits to the island are said to have started a few hundred years after the main Hawaiian Islands were inhabited, french explorer Jean-François de La Pérouse was the first European to visit the island, in 1786. The island is named after Jacques Necker, the islands were formally annexed in 1894 by the Provisional Government of Hawaii. Because of the usage by Native Hawaiians as a ceremonial and religious site in Ancient Hawaii. List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain Evenhuis, Neal L. Eldredge, natural History of Nihoa and Necker Islands. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Cultural and Environmental Studies, No.1, the Columbia Gazetteer of North America. Archived from the original on 2002-03-29
Necker Island Archeological District
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Necker Island Archeological District
Necker Island Archeological District
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Annexation ceremony of Mokumanamana (Necker Island) for the Provisional Government of Hawaii, May 27, 1894
Necker Island Archeological District
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Moʻo Head, the westernmost point of Necker Island
16.
Necker Island (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)
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Necker Island is a small island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It is located at 23°34′35″N 164°42′0″W in the Pacific Ocean,155 miles northwest of Nihoa and 8 miles north of the Tropic of Cancer. It contains important prehistoric sites of the Hawaiian culture and is part of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge within the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Monument. The United States Census Bureau reports its land area as 45.193 acres, the island is rocky with steep sides and has very little soil. Its highest elevation is 277 feet, the island is named after Jacques Necker, a finance minister of Louis XVI. Few signs of human habitation have been found. However, the island contains 33 stone shrines and stone artifacts much like those found in the main Hawaiian Islands, because of this, many anthropologists believe that the island was a ceremonial and religious site. According to the myths and legends of the people of Kauai, according to the legend, the Menehune settled on Necker after being chased off Kauai by the stronger Polynesians and subsequently built the various stone structures there. Visits to the island are said to have started a few hundred years after the main Hawaiian Islands were inhabited, french explorer Jean-François de La Pérouse was the first European to visit the island, in 1786. The island is named after Jacques Necker, the islands were formally annexed in 1894 by the Provisional Government of Hawaii. Because of the usage by Native Hawaiians as a ceremonial and religious site in Ancient Hawaii. List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain Evenhuis, Neal L. Eldredge, natural History of Nihoa and Necker Islands. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Cultural and Environmental Studies, No.1, the Columbia Gazetteer of North America. Archived from the original on 2002-03-29
Necker Island (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)
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Necker Island Archeological District
Necker Island (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)
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Annexation ceremony of Mokumanamana (Necker Island) for the Provisional Government of Hawaii, May 27, 1894
Necker Island (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)
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Moʻo Head, the westernmost point of Necker Island
17.
Nihoa Island Archeological District
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Nihoa, also known as Bird Island or Moku Manu, is the tallest of ten islands and atolls in the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The island is located at the end of the NWHI chain,296 km southeast of Necker Island. Nihoa is the closest NWHI in proximity to the eight main windward Hawaiian Islands at approximately 240 km northwest of the island of Kauaʻi, the island has two peaks,272 m Millers Peak in the west, and 259 m Tanager Peak in the east. Nihoas area is about 171 acres and is surrounded by a 142 and its jagged outline gives the island its name, Nihoa, which means tooth in the Hawaiian language. The island is home to 25 species of plants and several animals, endemic birds like the Nihoa finch and Nihoa millerbird, and endemic plants like the Nihoa fan palm, the Nihoa carnation, and Amaranthus brownii are found only on Nihoa. The plant communities and rocky outcrops provide nesting and perching areas for 18 species of seabirds, such as red-footed boobies and brown noddies, terns, shearwaters, and petrels. Prehistoric evidence indicates Native Hawaiians lived on or visited the island around AD1000, Captain James Colnett rediscovered the island in 1788, and Queen Kaʻahumanu visited it in 1822. It was made part of the Kingdom of Hawaii by King Kamehameha IV, in 1909, Nihoa became part of the Hawaiian Islands Reservation, a federal wildlife refuge established by U. S president Theodore Roosevelt. The Tanager Expedition surveyed the island in 1923, taking a comprehensive inventory of its many species. In 2006, it part of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Efforts are underway to ensure that endangered plant species are propagated beyond their limited range, Nihoa is part of the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain of volcanic islands, atolls, and seamounts starting from the island of Hawaiʻi in the southeast to the Aleutian Islands in the northwest. It is the youngest of ten islands in the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, having formed 7.2 million years ago, the oldest, Kure Atoll, formed 30 million years ago. Six valleys slant down from north to south, meeting at the side of the island, West Valley, West Palm Valley, Miller Valley, Middle Valley, East Palm Valley. Among features on Nihoa are Dogs Head Peak, named for its likeness, and Pinnacle Peak, the only flat area on the island is Albatross Plateau, just below Millers Peak. The Devils Slide is a narrow cleft descending 700 feet irrespective of the surrounding elevation, extending northward from Albatross Plateau, it ends at the vertical cliffs with a 190-foot drop straight down to the ocean below. In this chasm, rare ferns grow, along with endemic species. Nihoas inaccessibility and lack of guano deposits made the island unattractive to humans. The following year, the numbers decreased and the vegetation became lush again, the grasshoppers probably came to Nihoa by way of wind from Kauai
Nihoa Island Archeological District
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Nihoa
Nihoa Island Archeological District
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Tanager Peak, looking east from Miller Peak
Nihoa Island Archeological District
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Nihoa Island Archeological District
18.
Nihoa
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Nihoa, also known as Bird Island or Moku Manu, is the tallest of ten islands and atolls in the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The island is located at the end of the NWHI chain,296 km southeast of Necker Island. Nihoa is the closest NWHI in proximity to the eight main windward Hawaiian Islands at approximately 240 km northwest of the island of Kauaʻi, the island has two peaks,272 m Millers Peak in the west, and 259 m Tanager Peak in the east. Nihoas area is about 171 acres and is surrounded by a 142 and its jagged outline gives the island its name, Nihoa, which means tooth in the Hawaiian language. The island is home to 25 species of plants and several animals, endemic birds like the Nihoa finch and Nihoa millerbird, and endemic plants like the Nihoa fan palm, the Nihoa carnation, and Amaranthus brownii are found only on Nihoa. The plant communities and rocky outcrops provide nesting and perching areas for 18 species of seabirds, such as red-footed boobies and brown noddies, terns, shearwaters, and petrels. Prehistoric evidence indicates Native Hawaiians lived on or visited the island around AD1000, Captain James Colnett rediscovered the island in 1788, and Queen Kaʻahumanu visited it in 1822. It was made part of the Kingdom of Hawaii by King Kamehameha IV, in 1909, Nihoa became part of the Hawaiian Islands Reservation, a federal wildlife refuge established by U. S president Theodore Roosevelt. The Tanager Expedition surveyed the island in 1923, taking a comprehensive inventory of its many species. In 2006, it part of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Efforts are underway to ensure that endangered plant species are propagated beyond their limited range, Nihoa is part of the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain of volcanic islands, atolls, and seamounts starting from the island of Hawaiʻi in the southeast to the Aleutian Islands in the northwest. It is the youngest of ten islands in the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, having formed 7.2 million years ago, the oldest, Kure Atoll, formed 30 million years ago. Six valleys slant down from north to south, meeting at the side of the island, West Valley, West Palm Valley, Miller Valley, Middle Valley, East Palm Valley. Among features on Nihoa are Dogs Head Peak, named for its likeness, and Pinnacle Peak, the only flat area on the island is Albatross Plateau, just below Millers Peak. The Devils Slide is a narrow cleft descending 700 feet irrespective of the surrounding elevation, extending northward from Albatross Plateau, it ends at the vertical cliffs with a 190-foot drop straight down to the ocean below. In this chasm, rare ferns grow, along with endemic species. Nihoas inaccessibility and lack of guano deposits made the island unattractive to humans. The following year, the numbers decreased and the vegetation became lush again, the grasshoppers probably came to Nihoa by way of wind from Kauai
Nihoa
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Nihoa
Nihoa
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Tanager Peak, looking east from Miller Peak
Nihoa
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Nihoa Island Archeological District
19.
Two Brothers (ship)
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Two Brothers was a Nantucket whaleship that sank on the night of February 11,1823, off the French Frigate Shoals. The ships captain was George Pollard, Jr. former captain of the famous whaleship Essex, the wreck was discovered in 2008 by a team of marine archaeologists working on an expedition for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. On her first whaling voyage, Two Brothers left Nantucket on 21 November 1818 and she returned on 5 August 1821 from the Pacific with 1231 barrels of sperm oil and 158 barrels of whale oil. On her second whaling voyage, Two Brothers left Nantucket on 13 November 1821, with George Pollard, Jr. master, on the night of February 11, 1823—while sailing west through the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands with another whaling ship, Martha—Two Brothers found herself in a storm. The two ships separated and Captain Pollard of Two Brothers was unclear as to his ships position. Soon, Two Brothers grounded and sank on a reef near French Frigate Shoals, Captain Pollard did not want to abandon ship but his crew pleaded with him and they clung to small boats through the night. The next morning, they were rescued by Martha, thomas Nickerson, who served as boatsteerer on Two Brothers, wrote about the wreck. Nickerson had also served with Pollard on the Essex and survived its sinking, nickersons account is preserved in a manuscript titled Loss of the Ship Two Brothers of Nantucket in the collections of the Nantucket Historical Association. The wreck of Two Brothers was discovered in 2008 by a team of archaeologists working on an expedition for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The wreck is the first discovery of a wrecked Nantucket whaling ship, some of the first artifacts found at the wreck site include two anchors, three try pots, bricks, and the remains of the ships rigging. Expeditions in 2009 and 2010 turned up artifacts including blubber hooks, five harpoon tips. This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, downloadable images from the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
Two Brothers (ship)
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A diver examines an anchor at the Two Brothers shipwreck site on August 24, 2008.
20.
French Frigate Shoals
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The French Frigate Shoals is the largest atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Its name commemorates French explorer Jean-François de La Pérouse, who nearly lost two frigates when attempting to navigate the shoals and it consists of a 20-mile long crescent-shaped reef, twelve sandbars, and the 120-foot high La Perouse Pinnacle, the only remnant of its volcanic origins. The total land area of the islets is 61.508 acres, total coral reef area of the shoals is over 232,000 acres. Tern Island, with an area of 26.014 acres, has a landing strip and it is maintained as a field station in the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The French Frigate Shoals are about 487 nautical miles northwest of Honolulu, the Hawaiian island chain lay outside the routes followed by early European explorers, and it was not until La Pérouses near-disastrous discovery that the shoals were known to the outside world. La Pérouse, aboard the frigate Boussole, was sailing westward from Monterey en route to Macau, during the night of 6 November 1786, sailors sighted breakers directly in their path, about a thousand feet ahead. Both the Boussole and her vessel, the frigate Astrolabe, were immediately brought about. At daybreak, the returned and mapped the southeastern half of the atoll. La Pérouse named the shoals Basse des Frégates Françaises, the Shoal of the French Frigates, during the late 19th century, American and European companies became interested in the possibility of mining guano in the Hawaiian Islands. The Republic did not formally claim possession of the shoals until 13 July 1895, French Frigate Shoals was included among the islands acquired by the United States on 7 July 1898, when Hawaii became a United States territory. In 1909 it was made a part of the Hawaiian Islands Bird Reservation, in the aftermath of that attack, US Pacific Fleet Commander Chester W. Nimitz ordered a permanent US Navy presence at the shoals.014 acres. The stations main function was as a landing site for planes flying between Hawaii and Midway Atoll. French Frigate Shoals Airport comprises what remains of the seawall, runway. A LORAN station was operated on East Island until 1952, in 1969 a tsunami devastated the islands. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service continues to maintain a permanent field station there, in 2000, the atoll became part of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve, which was incorporated into the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Monument in 2006. In 2009 the islands were evacuated during the approach of Hurricane Neki, La Perouse Pinnacle, a rock outcrop in the center of the atoll, is the oldest and most remote volcanic rock in the Hawaiian chain. La Perouse Pinnacle stands 120 feet tall and is surrounded by coral reefs. Because of its shape, the pinnacle is often mistaken for a ship from a distance
French Frigate Shoals
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The atoll is an important refuge for
Hawaiian monk seals and
Laysan albatrosses
French Frigate Shoals
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NASA picture of the French Frigate Shoals.
French Frigate Shoals
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La Perouse Pinnacle
French Frigate Shoals
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Great frigatebirds and
red-footed boobies at Tern Island.
21.
Kauai
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For the Childish Gambino EP see STN MTN / Kauai Kauaʻi or Kauai is geologically the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands. With an area of 562.3 square miles, it is the fourth largest of these islands, known also as the Jurassic Isle, Kauaʻi lies 105 miles across the Kauaʻi Channel, northwest of Oʻahu. This island is the site of Waimea Canyon State Park, the United States Census Bureau defines Kauaʻi as census tracts 401 through 409 of Kauaʻi County, Hawaiʻi, which comprises all of the county except for the islands of Kaʻula, Lehua and Niʻihau. The 2010 United States Census population of the island was 67,091, the most populous town was Kapaʻa. Hawaiian narrative locates the origin in the legend of Hawaiʻiloa. The story relates how he named the island of Kauaʻi after a favorite son, another possible translation is food season. Kauaʻi was known for its dialect of the Hawaiian language. While the standard language today adopts the dialect of Hawaiʻi island, which has the sound, in effect, Kauaʻi dialect retained the old pan-Polynesian /t/, while standard Hawaiʻi dialect has changed it to the. Therefore, the name for Kauaʻi was said as Tauaʻi. Kauaʻis origins are volcanic, the island having been formed by the passage of the Pacific Plate over the Hawaii hotspot, at approximately six million years old, it is the oldest of the main islands. The highest peak on this island is Kawaikini at 5,243 feet. The second highest peak is Mount Waiʻaleʻale near the center of the island,5,148 feet above sea level, one of the wettest spots on earth, with an annual average rainfall of 1,170 centimetres, is located on the east side of Mount Waiʻaleʻale. The high annual rainfall has eroded deep valleys in the central mountains, at 3,000 feet deep, Waimea Canyon is often referred to as The Grand Canyon of the Pacific. Kokeo Point lies on the side of the island. The Na Pali Coast is a center for recreation in a setting, including kayaking past the beaches. The headland, Kuahonu Point, is on the south-east of the island, Kauaʻi’s climate is tropical, with generally humid and stable conditions year round, although weather phenomena and infrequent storms have caused instances of extreme weather. At the lower elevations the annual precipitation varies from an average of about 50 inches on the windward shore, average temperature in Lihue, the county seat, ranges from 78 °F in February to 85 °F in August and September. Kauaʻi’s mountainous regions offer cooler temperatures and provide a pleasant contrast to the coastal areas
Kauai
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August 1995 satellite photo.
Kauai
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Kalalau Beach
Kauai
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The commercial area in Port Allen
Kauai
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Some of Kauaʻi's feral chickens at Lydgate Beach Park
22.
Kauai County, Hawaii
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Kauaʻi County is a county located in the U. S. state of Hawaiʻi. It consists of the islands of Kauaʻi, Niʻihau, Lehua, as of the 2010 Census the population was 67,091. The Kapaa Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Kauai County, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,266 square miles, of which 620 square miles is land and 646 square miles is water. The Pacific Ocean surrounds the county, executive authority is vested in the Mayor of Kauaʻi, elected by the voters on a non-partisan basis to a four-year term. Legislative authority is vested in the seven-member County Council, all members of the County Council are elected on a non-partisan, at-large basis to two-year terms. Kauai County, like the rest of Hawaii, is represented entirely by Democrats in both the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, Kauai County has traditionally been a solid Democratic stronghold. The county has not voted Republican since the 1984 election, when it voted in favour of Ronald Reagan. As of the census of 2000, there were 58,463 people,20,183 households, the population density was 94 people per square mile. There were 25,331 housing units at a density of 41 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 29. 5% White,0. 3% Black or African American,0. 4% Native American,36. 0% Asian,9. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 9% from other races, and 23. 8% from two or more races. 8. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,21. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the family size was 3.34. In the county, the population was out with 26. 4% under the age of 18,7. 1% from 18 to 24,27. 2% from 25 to 44,25. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.50 males, one of the ten branches of the University of Hawaii system, it offers a range of 2-year degrees and is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. Public schools in the county are operated by the Hawaii Department of Education, There are 14 elementary schools,4 middle schools and 3 high schools in the county. Lihue Airport serves the island of Kauai, Bus service is provided by The Kauai Bus. Route 50 Route 51 Route 56 Route 58 Route 520 Route 540 Route 550 Route 570 Route 580 Route 581 Route 583 There are no incorporated communities in Kauai County
Kauai County, Hawaii
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Location in the state of
Hawaii
23.
Bishop National Bank of Hawaii
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The Bishop National Bank of Hawaii was a bank in Hawaii. Its branch building on Hawaii Route 50 in Waimea, Kauai and that branch building has also been known as First Hawaiian Bank, as Bishop National Bank, Waimea Branch, and as Bishop First National Bank, Waimea Branch. The building includes Classical Revival architecture and was a work of architect John Mason, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The building replaced a 1911 building that had been the second Bishop National Bank branch, according to its NRHP nomination, the building is important mainly for its architectural value. Its eclectic style and solid, imposing appearance is typical of post-World War I banking architecture and it is designed to give an aura of permanence and stability--a visual assurance to Waimeas inhabitants that the bank was here to stay. The building is now a First Hawaiian Bank branch
Bishop National Bank of Hawaii
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Bishop National Bank of Hawaii
24.
Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii
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Waimea is a census-designated place in Kauaʻi County, Hawaiʻi, United States. The population was 1,855 at the 2010 census, the first Europeans to reach Hawaii landed in Waimea in 1778. Between 200 to 600 AD, the first settlers arrived in Kaua‘i from the Marquesas Islands and it is not clear why the voyagers sought a new homeland—whether they were escaping war, famine, or were simply driven by the desire to explore. Along with them, they brought taro, sweet potato, pigs and fowl and they were experienced farmers and fishermen, with advanced irrigation techniques that allowed them to thrive on the land. Around 1000 AD, Tahitian explorers arrived in Hawai‘i and conquered the Marquesans, according to Hawaiian legend, the small-in-stature Marquesans were chased into the hills by the Tahitians, and became the Menehune, thought to be responsible for bad luck. The Tahitians brought with them a social and political hierarchy with distinct rules and taboos and it was forbidden for women and men to eat together, for women to eat pork or bananas, or for anyone to step on the shadow of a royal member. This kapu system, with kings thrived and ruled for hundreds of years before Western explorers first made contact in the Islands, originally, Cook sent three small craft to Waimea so that his men could determine if it was a good place for the ships to dock. They reported back that there was a fresh water lagoon alongside a village, so Cook and his men anchored their ships. Cooks mission is thought to be one of scientific and social exploration and his men documented the flora and fauna of the Waimea area, and tried to translate the language of the natives. This first encounter was relatively friendly, cooks arrival, the first Western contact with Hawai‘i, is fraught with contradictions. The arrival of Europeans also introduced venereal disease and tuberculosis, which is responsible for decimating the native Hawaiian population, Waimea is located at 21°57′42″N 159°40′25″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 1.3 square miles. Waimea is a place for tourists, especially hikers who travel through the nearby canyons. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,787 people,620 households, the population density was 1,707.2 people per square mile. There were 676 housing units at a density of 645.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 12. 7% White,0. 1% African American,0. 2% Native American,43. 0% Asian,12. 3% Pacific Islander,1. 1% from other races, and 30. 6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7. 2% of the population,22. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the family size was 3.27
Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii
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Along a ridgeline near Waimea
Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii
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Location in
Kauai County and the state of
Hawaii
Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii
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A statue of Captain
James Cook stands in Waimea, Kaua ʻ i commemorating his first contact with the Hawaiian islands at the town's harbor in January 1778.
25.
Camp Sloggett
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Camp Sloggett in Kokee State Park near Kokee, Hawaii is a historic site with significance from 1921. It is within state lands, but has buildings owned by the Kauai Young Womens Christian Association and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. The listing included one contributing building and one contributing structure, as well as four non-contributing buildings and it was deemed significant as a surviving example of camp architecture from the early 1920s and for its associations with the Sloggett family and the YWCA
Camp Sloggett
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Camp Sloggett
26.
Grove Farm (Lihue, Hawaii)
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Grove Farm is a historic agricultural site on Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. German immigrant Hermann A. Widemann started one of the first sugarcane plantations in Hawaii known as Grove Farm in 1854, during the American Civil War, the demand for Hawaii sugar grew, but Widemann supported the Confederate States. After leasing Grove Farm to its manager George Norton Wilcox in November 1864, Wilcox would later buy the plantation, and it remained in the family for over 100 years. Wilcox had a system built to bring water from the wet mountains to the flatter lower elevations where the crops were grown. This idea was copied by many other planters in the islands. In 1881 Princess Ruth Keʻelikolani sold some adjoining land, which grew the acreage by about a factor of ten, in 1903 the family hired Charles William Dickey to design a house for Ralph Wilcox and his wife Daisy Rice. Dickey also supervised a renovation of the house in 1915 which removed interior walls to create large open spaces. From 1913 to 1917 a row of houses were built for plantation workers. The houses were called Kaipu Camp after the Hawaiian name for a Chinese foreman of the plantation, the main estate house has two bedrooms, writing room, two bathrooms, and a library on the first floor. A grand staircase leads up to the floor which has more bedrooms. Behind the main house is a gazebo styled after a Japanese teahouse. To the south is a guest cottage with two living areas from about 1890, another single story cottage was built in 1877 for George Wilcox, and an office building was built in 1884. A number of buildings include sheds and a garage. Wilcox died in 1933, and the farm was left to nieces and this included the six children of his brother Samuel Wilcox and Emma Lyman, daughter of missionary David Belden Lyman. During World War II the farm started to diversify by growing food crops to feed the growing population of the islands. In 1948, Grove Farm purchased the 3, 000-acre McBryde plantation which included the Koloa sugar mill, by 1974, sugar production was leased to Alexander & Baldwin, while the company moved into residential and resort real estate operations. The Wilcox estate was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii on June 25,1974 as site 74000722 and its boundary was adjusted to total 81.79 acres on December 8,1978, and site changed to 78003436. The main house is now a museum, the Grove Farm Sugar Plantation Museum
Grove Farm (Lihue, Hawaii)
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Grove Farm
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