Naturalism (literature)
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Naturalism is a literary movement beginning in the late nineteenth century, similar to literary realism in its rejection of Romanticism, but distinct in its embrace of determinism, detachment, scienti
Excerpt from the naturalistic book "Le sou du mutilé". Written by Cyriel Buysse in the beginning of the 20th century.
Émile Zola
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Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of t
Zola in 1898
Zola early in his career, c. 1865.
Paul Cézanne, Paul Alexis Reading to Émile Zola, 1869–1870, São Paulo Museum of Art
Captioned "French Realism", caricature of Zola in the London magazine Vanity Fair, 1880