1.
Golden Age of Radio
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The old-time radio era, sometimes referred to as the Golden Age of Radio, was an era of radio programming in the United States during which radio was the dominant electronic home entertainment medium. It began with the beginning of broadcasting in the early 1920s and lasted until the 1950s. During this period radio was the only broadcast medium, and people regularly tuned into their favourite radio programs, according to a 1947 C. E. Hooper survey,82 out of 100 Americans were found to be radio listeners. Since this era, radio programming has shifted to a narrow format of news, talk, sports. It allowed subscribers to eavesdrop on live performances and hear news reports by means of a network of telephone lines. The development of radio eliminated the wires and subscription charges from this concept, on Christmas Eve 1906, Reginald Fessenden is said to have broadcast the first radio program, consisting of some violin playing and passages from the Bible. The first apparent published reference to the event was made in 1928 by H. P, davis, Vice President of Westinghouse, in a lecture given at Harvard University. In 1932 Fessenden cited the Christmas Eve 1906 broadcast event in a letter he wrote to Vice President S. M, Fessendens wife Helen recounts the broadcast in her book Fessenden, Builder of Tomorrows, eight years after Fessendens death. The issue of whether the 1906 Fessenden broadcast actually happened is discussed in Donna Halpers article In Search of the Truth About Fessenden and also in James ONeals essays. It was not until after the Titanic catastrophe in 1912 that radio for communication came into vogue. Radio was especially important during World War I as it was vital for air, after the war, numerous radio stations were born in the United States and set the standard for later radio programs. The first radio program was broadcast on August 31,1920 on the station 8MK in Detroit, owned by The Detroit News. This was followed in 1920 with the first commercial station in the United States, KDKA. The first regular entertainment programs were broadcast in 1922, and on March 10, Variety carried the front page headline, a highlight of this time was the first Rose Bowl being broadcast on January 1,1923 on the Los Angeles station KHJ. Several radio networks broadcast in the United States, airing programs nationwide and their distribution made the golden age of radio possible. The networks declined in the early 1960s, Mutual and NBC both closed down their operations in the 1980s, while ABC lasted until 2007 and CBS still operates its network as of 2016. Mutual, ABC and NBCs radio assets now reside with Cumulus Medias Westwood One division through numerous mergers, cBSs radio assets are in the process of being integrated with Entercom as of 2017. Mutual was run as a cooperative in which the stations owned the network
2.
The Daily Princetonian
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The Daily Princetonian is the award-winning daily independent student newspaper of Princeton University. Founded in 1876 and daily since 1892, the Prince is among the oldest college newspapers in the country and its alumni have pursued careers in journalism at The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal and have won the Pulitzer Prize. In addition to the print and online editions, the Prince publishes The Prox, a blog, Intersections. The Daily Princetonian, nicknamed the Prince, was the college newspaper in America to publish daily. The paper, founded in 1876 as a publication named The Princetonian. Produced by a staff of nearly 200 undergraduate students, the organization has a budget of more than $600,000. The Prince has a print circulation of 2,000. The Prince is fully independent from Princeton University and it is directed by a graduate board of trustees, consisting of former editors and business staffers. The paper supports itself financially and does not receive support from the university or from alumni donations. The paper currently has an endowment of 1.3 million dollars, no staff member on the Prince is paid. The papers editorial staff consists entirely of Princeton students, Daily operations at the Prince are run by the Editor-in-Chief, who directs the editorial side of the paper, and the Business Manager, who directs the business and financial side. The Business Manager and the Editor-in-Chief report independently to the board of trustees, in order to prevent business. The Editor-in-Chief and Business Manager are chosen in December and appoint the remainder of their respective boards, the current Editor-in-chief is Sarah Sakha and the business manager is Matt McKinlay. Those boards take control of the newspaper with the beginning of the second semester, the editorial boards serve for two semesters. Typically, the Editor-in-Chief and Business Manager begin their service in the spring of their junior year and this staggered system was created in part to allow graduating seniors time to finish their senior theses. The first woman elected editor of the Prince was Anne C. Mackay- Smith, Class of 1980, Judy E. Piper, the staff is grouped into several sections, including news, sports, opinion, photography, copy editing, multimedia, design, business and web. In December 2006, Larry DuPraz, an employee of the newspaper who directed its publication and guided its editors from 1946 to 1987. In 2012, the papers digitized archives was launched and named in his honor
3.
Big Sister (radio)
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Big Sister was a daytime radio drama series created by Lillian Lauferty and broadcast on CBS from September 14,1936 to December 26,1952. It was sponsored by Lever Brothers for Rinso until 1946 when Procter & Gamble became the sponsor. Set in the town of Glen Falls, the program dramatized the life of Ruth Evans who sacrificed her own happiness to care for her younger sister Sue. After Sue married reporter Jerry Miller, Ruth continued to care for Neddie and she fell in love with Neddies doctor, John Wayne, who cured Neddie. Ruth and John married on October 19,1939, but during World War II and he returned to Glen Falls suffering from shell-shock. John was played by Staats Cotsworth, Martin Gabel, and Paul McGrath, the actresses who portrayed Ruth over the decades were Alice Frost, Nancy Marshall, Marjorie Anderson and Mercedes McCambridge. Sue was played by Haila Stoddard, Dorothy McGuire, Peggy Conklin, michael ODay was heard in the role of little Neddie Evans. In 1940, ZaSu Pitts joined the cast as Mamie Wayne, over the years the programs writers, in addition to Lauferty, were Julian Funt, Carl Bixby, Bob Newman and Bill Sweets. Announcers for the program were Fred Uttal, Jim Ameche and Hugh Conover, organist Richard Leibert furnished the background music and the opening theme, Valse Bluette. Ameches son, Jim Ameche, Jr. played Richard, the son of John, in an indication of the programs popularity, listeners sent truckloads of wedding presents to the CBS studio when characters Ruth Evans and Dr. John Wayne were married. Its success led to a radio series, Bright Horizon. To attract audience to the new show, Alice Frost reprised her role as Ruth Evans Wayne in early episodes of Bright Horizon, big Sister, The Story, in Radio and Television Mirror, January 1942 issue
4.
Dick Tracy (radio series)
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Dick Tracy was an American detective radio drama series based on the popularity of the newspaper comic strip Dick Tracy by Chester Gould. The show first aired in 1934 for the NBC Radio New England region, himan Brown, then still at college, arranged the radio rights for the comic strip. On February 4,1935, it was picked up by CBS Radio, returning next season it aired on Mutual Broadcasting System from September 30,1935 to March 24,1937. From April 29,1939, Dick Tracy became a prime time radio serial. When the USA got involved in the Second World War, the show was temporarily cancelled, ABC Blue Network picked it up again from March 15,1943 to July 16,1948 and broadcast it on Saturdays. Around this time it was sponsored by Tootsie Rolls, so the theme was changed to Toot, Toot Tootsie. The musical arrangements were composed by Ray Carter, the show was directed by Mitchell Grayson, Charles Powers and Bob White. At Mutual, Bill McClintock did the sound effects, at NBC, Keene Crockett did this job. During its run on ABC, Walt McDonough and Al Finelli were hired for this task, the beginning of the May 1,1945 episode was interrupted on the Blue Network for a special news flash relating that Adolf Hitler had died of a stroke. Copies of this episode, complete with the mistaken news flash—Hitler had committed suicide the day before, on July 8,1945, during a New York newspaper deliverers strike, New York mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia read a complete Dick Tracy strip over the radio, on Feb.15,1945, Command Performance broadcast the musical comedy Dick Tracy in B-Flat with Bing Crosby as Tracy, Bob Hope as Flattop, and Dinah Shore as Tess Trueheart. Dick Tracys wedding was interrupted as Tracy chased one villain after another. In the strip, his marriage wasnt until 1950, and his honeymoon was disrupted by his going after Wormy
5.
Young Widder Brown
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Young Widder Brown was a daytime radio drama series broadcast on NBC from 1938 to 1956. Sponsored by Sterling Drugs and Bayer Aspirin, it examined the life of attractive Ellen Brown. Produced by Frank and Anne Hummert, this soap opera series opened with the theme music In the Gloaming as rendered by organist John Winters, heard in the title role during the 18-year run were Florence Freeman and Wendy Drew. Ellen Brown was romanced by Peter Turner and Anthony Loring, ellens children were Janey and Mark. Directors for the series included Martha Atwell, Richard Leonard and Ed Slattery
