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Custo Dalmau
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Custo Dalmau is a fashion designer. He spent his childhood and adolescence in Barcelona, where he studied architecture, in 1980 he founded the label Custo Line with his brother David which in 1996 became Custo Barcelona and today is a label of Blue Tower S. L. Since 2008 licenses for fragrances and perfumes have been issued, Custo Dalmau is married to Eva Vollmer who is responsible for the labels kids line Custo Growing. Custo Dalmau is father to 2 daughters and two sons and he spends his time between the family home in Barcelona and the USA which is the most important market for Custo Barcelona. Custo Barcelona Custo Dalmau at the Internet Movie Database Custo Dalmau at the Fashion Model Directory
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New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
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United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
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Eleanor Lambert
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Eleanor Lambert Berkson was a central figure in the American fashion and public relations industries. Lambert was born in Crawfordsville, Indiana and she attended the John Herron School of Art and the Art Institute of Chicago to study fashion. Lambart wanted to be a sculptor but went into advertising and she started at an advertising agency in Manhattan, dealing mostly with artists and art galleries. She was married twice, firstly to Wills Conner, in the 1920s, which ended in divorce and secondly to Seymour Berkson in 1936, Eleanor and Seymour had one son together, the renowned poet Bill Berkson. She died in Manhattan in New York City, in the mid 1930s, Lambert was the first Press Director of the Whitney Museum of American Art and helped with the founding of the Museum of Modern Art. Jackson Pollock, Jacob Epstein, and Isamu Noguchi were a few of the artists she represented. In the 1940s, Lambert founded the International Best Dressed List, the Coty Fashion Critics’ Award, and New York Fashion Week. In 1959 and 1967, she was asked by the US Department of State to present American fashion for the first time in Russia, Germany, Italy, Australia, Japan, Britain, and Switzerland. In 1965, she was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson to the National Council on the Arts of the National Endowment for the Arts, in 1962, she organized the Council of Fashion Designers of America and stayed an honorary member until her death in 2003. In 2001, the CFDA created The Eleanor Lambert Award, that is presented for a contribution to the world of fashion and/or deserves the industry’s special recognition. ”Months before she died. Shortly after her last public appearance at New York Fashion Week in September, shortly after her death her grandson, Moses Berkson, completed a documentary film about her life. Fashion historian John A. Tiffany was mentored by Lambert, Lambert created the Council of Fashion Designers of America. One source credits Lambert as she was a factor in the domestic product of the U. S. Lamberts influence is described as exogenous event risk in mathematical modeling, New York NY2003, ISBN 0-8109-4637-8. CFDA website Vanity Fair feature 2004
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Fashion design
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Fashion design is the art of application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social attitudes, and has varied over time, Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories such as bracelets and necklace. Because of the required to bring a garment onto the market. Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing and they consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it will be worn. They have a range and combinations of materials to work with. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a range of conventional styles. Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring, today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and every-day wear are called ready to wear. Fashion designers may work full-time for one house, as in-house designers. They may work alone or as part of a team, freelance designers work for themselves, selling their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyers label, some fashion designers set up their own labels, under which their designs are marketed. Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for individual clients, other high-end fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-end fashion department stores. These designers create original garments, as well as those that follow established fashion trends, most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of mens, womens, and childrens fashions for the mass market. Fashion designers work in different ways, some sketch their ideas on paper, while others drape fabric on a dress form. Finally, a garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit. Fashion design is considered to have started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created. Before the former draper set up his maison couture in Paris, clothing design and creation was handled by largely anonymous seamstresses, worths success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier dressmakers had done. The term couturier was in fact first created in order to describe him, while all articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only clothing created after 1858 is considered as fashion design. It was during this period that many design houses began to hire artists to sketch or paint designs for garments, the images were shown to clients, which was much cheaper than producing an actual sample garment in the workroom
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Fashion week
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A fashion week is a fashion industry event, lasting approximately one week, wherein fashion designers, brands or houses display their latest collections in runway shows to buyers and the media. These events influence trends for the current and upcoming seasons, the most prominent fashion weeks are held in the fashion capitals of the world, the Big Four receiving the majority of press coverage being New York, London, Milan, and Paris. While the fashion scene turns more multipolar in the 21st century, other centers like Berlin, Los Angeles, Madrid, Rome, São Paulo, Shanghai and Tokyo host important fashion weeks. The concept of fashion began in Paris, when marketers would hire women to wear couture items in public places. These parades gradually began to become social events of their own, in 1903, a New York City shop called Ehrich Brothers put on what is thought to have been the country’s first fashion show to lure middle-class females into the store. By 1910, many big department stores were holding shows of their own and it is likely that American retailers saw what were called fashion parades in couture salons, and decided to use the idea. These parades were a way to promote stores, and improved their status. By the 1920s, the show had been used by retailers up. They were staged, and often held in the restaurant during lunch or teatime. These shows were more theatrical than those of today, heavily based upon a single theme. The shows were popular, enticing crowds in their thousands – crowds so large. This was a moment, as before World War II. The fashion publicist Eleanor Lambert organized an event she called Press Week to showcase American designers for fashion journalists, Press Week was a success, and, as a result, magazines like Vogue began to feature more and more American innovations. Until 1994, shows were held in different locations, such as hotels and this was the first time shows were organized into a set period of time. Although these key organizations still organize most shows, there are independents and multiple producers in all cities, although there are many notable fashion weeks around the world, only four are known as the Big Four, Paris, Milan, London and New York. There are primarily two kinds of shows, womenswear and menswear, there are also shows particular to each location. For example, there are haute couture shows in Paris, and in New York, there are resort / cruise, womenswear shows are held in February and September/October, in the following order, New York, London, Milan and Paris. Menswear fashion weeks are held in January and June/July, in the order, London, Milan, Paris
7.
Paris Fashion Week
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Paris Fashion Week is a series of designer presentations held biannually in Paris, France with spring/summer and autumn/winter events held each year. Dates are determined by the French Fashion Federation, Fashion Week is held at venues throughout the city. In addition to shows, there are mens and haute couture shows. Paris Fashion Week is part of the global Big 4 fashion weeks, the schedule begins with New York, followed by London, and then Milan and ends in Paris. Although the first fashion week was held in New York, the event itself derives from salon shows in Paris couture salons, a fashion week consists of a week of organized events of multiple designer’s collections. Before this organized event was recognized in New York City, fashion showings were being held in Paris as early as the 1700s and these early showings were only to clients purchasing items and were shown on mannequins. In the 1800s, showings began to change, Charles Frederick Worth, noted for haute couture, began showing multiple pieces together and of a higher design. Jeanne Paquin is the first designer to make her showings public, Haute Couture, the style of high sewing, was created by Englishman Charles Frederick Worth. In the mid 1800s Mme Pauline von Metternich, an Austrian Princess and wife to the Ambassador of Paris, saw one of Worth’s sketches and employed him to make her a gown. He gained much recognition through his powerful clients and opened his own couture house in Paris in 1858. In 1868 the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture was created to set the specifications to determine what constituted a ‘couture house’. To ensure the copyright of the designers, their creations were photographed on a model or mannequin from the front, back, in 1945 the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture established another set of rules to regulate and determine Haute Couture houses. Others included having at least 20 members on staff, and that every design must include fittings, the first recognized Paris Fashion Week was held in 1973 and organized Haute Couture, Ready-to-Wear, and Men’s Fashion into one grouped showing by the Fédération Française de la Couture. The event was a fundraiser held at the Palace of Versailles to restore the palace, the amount aimed to reach to repair the palace was estimated at $60 million USD which converts to 53,026,956 Euros. The fundraiser was started because the French government had stated they could not handle the cost of the renovations. It was overseen by the founder of New York Press Week, now known as New York Fashion Week, Eleanor Lambert, in accordance with, the at the time Versailles curator, Gereld van der Kemp. The restorations and renovations included Marie Antoinette’s dressing room, Louis XV’s children’s play room, both American and Parisian designers attended the event including, Anne Klein, Bill Blass, Stephen Burrows, Oscar de la Renta, Hubert de Givenchy, and Yves Saint Laurent. The French designer’s each held their own showing set to various themes whose pieces included, a ship, pumpkin coach
8.
London Fashion Week
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London Fashion Week is a clothing trade show held in London twice each year, in February and September. It is one of the Big Four fashion weeks, along with the New York, Milan, organised by the British Fashion Council for the London Development Agency with help from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, London Fashion Week first took place in October 1983. It currently ranks alongside New York, Paris and Milan as one of the Big Four fashion weeks and it presents itself to funders as a trade event that also attracts significant press attention and benefit to taxpayers. Currently, it is sponsored by Mercedes-Benz, and Toni & Guy and it states that it is attended by over 5,000 press and buyers, and has estimated orders of £40 million or £100 million. A retail-focused event, London Fashion Weekend, takes place immediately afterwards at the venue and is open to the general public. However, many events, such as Vauxhall Fashion Scout and On|Off, are organised by other private-funded groups. London is the first city to host Fashion Week in the World, in Summer 2012, London introduced London Collections, Men, in addition to the collections shows in spring / summer and autumn / winter. Since its first instalment, the showcase has grown by 67%, feeric Fashion Week Berlin Fashion Week Shanghai Fashion Week Milan Fashion Week New York Fashion Week Paris Fashion Week São Paulo Fashion Week London Fashion Events Official website
9.
IMG (company)
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IMG, originally known as the International Management Group, is a global sports, other events and talent management company headquartered in New York City. It has been owned by William Morris Endeavor and Silver Lake Partners since 2013, trans World International is the event company of IMG. In 2004 Forstmann Little led by Theodore J. Forstmann acquired the company, Forstmann served as chairman, in 2006, IMG Media acquired nunet AG, a provider of mobile TV services to mobile network operators around the world. Clients of nunets mobile TV CMS currently include, Vodafone, Proximus, content distributed currently includes MTV, Fashion TV, Eurosport, and Discovery Networks. The sports-related businesses were combined with the Collegiate Licensing Company to form IMG College, IMG was founded and headquartered in Downtown Cleveland in a complex built in 1965 diagonally across the street from Erieview Tower. When the IMG Center was built, it housed the Cuyahoga Saving Bank. In 1997, IMG renovated the Cuyahoga Savings Bank Building and renamed it IMG Center, at street level they have a projection screen showing their businesses, events and clients, with images ranging from Formula One racing to professional golfers. On October 15,2010, IMG acquired ISP, the rights holder for more than 50 universities based in Winston-Salem. As a result of the acquisition, IMG College retained ISPs former headquarters in Winston-Salem, on December 3,2012, The Premier League announced that IMG Media had agreed a new three-year deal with the Premier League for aeroplanes and ships rights. On December 18,2013, IMG was acquired by William Morris Endeavor, wME’s Ari Emanuel and Patrick Whitesell will serve as co-CEOs. IMG and its more than 3,000 employees worldwide will continue as an independent entity, IMG Academy is a private educational institution located in Bradenton, Florida, and specializing in sports training. The boarding school offers an Academy program for Pre-K/Elementary, Middle & High School, sport programs include, baseball, golf, soccer, tennis, basketball, football, lacrosse, and track & field and cross-country. IMG Models is a management firm. Consulting works with corporations on marketing and sponsorship programs, and IMGs stadium. Speakers book talent for Fortune 500 companies, associations, healthcare organizations, IMG operates joint ventures with four major partners in four key emerging markets—Brazil, China, India, and Turkey. IMX, CC-TV IMG, IMG Reliance and IMG Dogus all work to develop sports, fashion, IMG has also partnered with John and Chris Evert to found the Evert Tennis Academy located in Boca Raton, Florida. In 2015, IMG and Euroleague Basketball agreed on a 10-year joint venture, together they will manage the commercial operation, and management of all global rights covering both media and marketing of the EuroLeague and its 2nd-tier competition, the EuroCup. S. In 2010 IMG acquired ISP Sports, which was based in Winston-Salem, additionally, IMG Seating serves more than 100 universities, and IMG Learfield Ticket Solutions provides outsourced ticketing services to 30 universities nationwide
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World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
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Fashion journalism
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Fashion journalism involves all aspects of published fashion media, including fashion writers, fashion critics, and fashion reporters. This can be fashion features in magazines and newspapers, and may also include books about fashion, fashion related reports on television and online magazines, websites. The work of a fashion journalist can be quite varied, typical work includes writing or editing articles, or helping to formulate and style a fashion shoot. Fashion journalists are either employed full-time by a publication or are employed on a freelance basis, a fashion website named Fashion Net was started in 1995. It was soon followed by American Fashion Mall and French ELLE, Fashion Live produced Internets first live fashion webcast of Yves Saint Laurents runway show in 1996. CNN Style and Hint Magazine arrived in 1998, the following year saw the rise and fall of Boo. com as the company burned through $135 million in 18 months. Style. com, the umbrella for Vogue and W. Style. com is not a journalistic website but a resource to show the collections of selected fashion shows each season. Following a tiff in 2007, W left Style. com making it the home for Vogue alone. In late 2000, Beauty Flow magazine flourished with exclusive content for editorials, portraits, and reports. The work of a fashion journalist has been depicted in such as The Devil Wears Prada, Confessions of a Shopaholic. Fashion journalism is only now becoming a subject of academic interest, with the rise of social media, cross-platform content production, and democratization of fashion around the world - interest in the study of fashion journalism is rising quickly. Robin Givhan is the fashion journalist to win The Pulitzer Prize for Criticism. Fashion editor List of fashion magazines
12.
Vogue (magazine)
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Vogue is an American fashion and lifestyle magazine made up of many components including fashion, beauty, culture, living, and runway. Vogue began as a newspaper in 1892 in the United States. The British Vogue was the first international edition launched in 1916, Turnures intention was to create a publication that celebrated the ceremonial side of life, one that attracts the sage as well as debutante, men of affairs as well as the belle. From its inception, the magazine targeted the new New York upper class, the magazine at this time was primarily concerned with fashion, with coverage of sports and social affairs included for its male readership. Despite the magazines content, it very slowly during this period. Condé Montrose Nast purchased Vogue in 1905 one year before Turnures death and he changed it to a bi-weekly magazine and started Vogue overseas in the 1910s. Under Nast, the magazine shifted its focus to women. The magazines number of publications and profit increased dramatically under Nasts management, by 1911, the Vogue brand had garnered a reputation that it continues to maintain, targeting an elite audience and expanding into the coverage of weddings. According to Condé Naste Russia, after the First World War made deliveries in the Old World impossible, the decision to print in England proved to be successful causing Nast to release the first issue of French Vogue in 1920. The magazines number of subscriptions surged during the Great Depression, during this time, noted critic and former Vanity Fair editor Frank Crowninshield served as its editor, having been moved over from Vanity Fair by publisher Condé Nast. In July of 1932, American Vogue placed its first color photograph on the cover of the magazine, the photograph was taken by photographer Edward Steichen and portrays a woman swimmer holding a beach ball in the air. Nast was responsible for introducing color printing and the two-page spread and he greatly impacted the magazine and turned it into a successful business and the womens magazine we recognize today and greatly increased the sales volumes until his death in 1942. Toward this end, Vogue extended coverage to include East Village boutiques such as Limbo on St, marks Place, as well as including features of downtown personalities such as Andy Warhols Superstar Jane Holzers favorite haunts. Vogue also continued making household names out of models, a practice continued with Suzy Parker, Twiggy, Jean Shrimpton, Lauren Hutton, Veruschka, Marisa Berenson, Penelope Tree. In 1973, Vogue became a monthly publication, under editor-in-chief Grace Mirabella, the magazine underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience. Mirabella states that she was chosen to change Vogue because women werent interested in reading about or buying clothes that served no purpose in their changing lives and she was selected to make the magazine appeal to the the free, working, liberated woman of the seventies. She changed the magazine by adding text with interviews, arts coverage, when that type of stylihtic ceange f ell out of favor in the 1980s, Mirabella was brutally fired. Her take on it, For a magazine devoted to style, in July of 1988, after Vogue had began to lose ground to a three-year-old upstart Elle, Anna Wintour was named editor-in-chief
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Fern Mallis
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Fern Mallis was the executive director of the Council of Fashion Designers of America from 1991–2001, and created 7th on Sixth productions or New York Fashion Week as it is known today. She was also vice president of IMG Fashion from 2001 to 2010. Mallis is currently president of her own fashion and design consultancy. She received her BFA from University at Buffalo, Mallis also served as a global ambassador for IMG, advising in many countries on organizing fashion events, judging fashion shows, and mentoring students. She was also a producer for The Fashion Show and for CWs reality television series ReModeled. She chaired the Sidewalk Catwalk exhibition in the Fashion District, a display of 32 mannequins created by leading designers in summer 2010. Mallis is President of her own fashion and design consultancy, Fern Mallis LLC. She is on the Board of Directors for Robert Graham in New York and Tara Jewels in Mumbai and she is a consultant to Charleston Fashion Week and Seoul Fashion Week, and has served as Executive Advisor to Concept Korea for New York Fashion Week. She serves on a number of boards, including Industrial Revolution II. She also hosts Fashion Insiders w/Fern Mallis on Sirius XMs celebrity talk channel STARS, in January 2012, she made her theatre stage debut in the Off-Broadway production of Nora & Delia Ephron’s Love, Loss, and What I Wore. In February 2012, she launched a line called FERN FINDS. In February 2015, Mallis was quoted by the New York Post as saying she was unimpressed by Kanye West, in June 2015, at the CFDA Awards, West was quoted as saying, I totally respect Fern s voice. In May 2013, she gave the Fashion Institute of Technology’s keynote commencement address and was awarded the rarely bestowed FIT President’s Lifetime Achievement Award, Fern Mallis LLC Fern Mallis FIT commencement speech Fashion Culture, Fashion Lives, Fashion Icons with Fern Mallis from Archive on Demand
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Bryant Park
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Bryant Park is a 9. 603-acre privately managed public park located in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is located between Fifth and Sixth Avenues and between 40th and 42nd Streets in Midtown Manhattan, even though it is part of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, Bryant Park is managed by the private not-for-profit corporation Bryant Park Corporation. The park is cited as a model for the success of public-private partnerships, in 1686, when the area was still a wilderness, New Yorks colonial governor, Thomas Dongan, designated the area now known as Bryant Park as a public space. George Washingtons troops crossed the area while retreating from the Battle of Long Island in 1776, beginning in 1823, Bryant Park was designated a potters field and remained so until 1840, when thousands of bodies were moved to Wards Island. The first park at this site opened in 1847 as Reservoir Square and it was named after its neighbor, the Croton Distributing Reservoir. In 1853, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations with the New York Crystal Palace, featuring thousands of exhibitors, the Crystal Palace]], also known as the Great Exhibition Hall, burned down in 1858. In 1884, Reservoir Square was renamed Bryant Park, to honor the New York Evening Post editor, in 1899, the Reservoir structure was removed and construction of the New York Public Library building began. Terrace gardens, public facilities, and kiosks were added to the park, the park was redesigned in 1933–4 as a Great Depression public works project under the leadership of Robert Moses. The new park featured a great lawn, and added hedges, the park was temporarily degraded in the late 1930s by the tearing down of the El and the construction of the New York City Subways underground Sixth Avenue line. On October 15,1969, a rally attended by 40,000 people was held in Bryant Park as part of the nationwide Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Tony Conrad captured the event live from the window of his 42nd Street apartment, by the 1970s, Bryant Park had been taken over by drug dealers, prostitutes and the homeless and was considered a no-go area by ordinary citizens and visitors. The re-design was drafted by Hanna/Olin Ltd. and Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates, the Bryant Park Restoration Corporation was founded in 1980 by Dan Biederman and Andrew Heiskell, chairman of Time Inc. and the New York Public Library. The BPRC immediately brought significant changes made the park once again a place that people wanted to visit. BPRC also created a security staff to confront unlawful behavior immediately. BPRC’s plan also included restoring of the monuments, and renovating its long-closed restrooms. In the effort, Biederman worked with William H. Whyte, an American sociologist, whyte’s influence led them to implement two decisions essential to making the park the successful public space that it is. The second decision was to lower the park itself, because Bryant Park had been elevated from the street and isolated by tall hedges prior to the 1988 redesign, the 1988 renovation lowered the park to nearly street level and tore out the hedges. The parks restrooms, which had closed for 35 years, were renovated as well
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Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts
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Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a 16. 3-acre complex of buildings in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It hosts many notable performing arts organizations, which are nationally and internationally renowned, including the New York Philharmonic, the Metropolitan Opera, and the New York City Ballet. Respected architects were contracted to design the buildings on the site. Rockefeller was Lincoln Centers inaugural president from 1956 and became its chairman in 1961, the centers three buildings, David Geffen Hall, David H. Koch Theater and the Metropolitan Opera House were opened in 1962,1964 and 1966, respectively. While the center may have been named because it was located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood, the name was bestowed on the area in 1906 by the New York City Board of Aldermen, but records give no reason for choosing that name. There has long been speculation that the name came from a local landowner, City records from the time show only the names Johannes van Bruch, Thomas Hall, Stephan de Lancey, James de Lancey, James de Lancey, Jr. and John Somerindyck as area property owners. One speculation is that references to President Lincoln were omitted from the records because the mayor in 1906 was George B, mcClellan, Jr. son of General George B. McClellan, who was general-in-chief of the Union Army early in the American Civil War, Architects who designed buildings at the center include, Max Abramovitz, David Geffen Hall Pietro Belluschi, The Juilliard School. Koch Theater Eero Saarinen, Vivian Beaumont Theater Davis, Brody and Associates, The Samuel B. the centers cultural institutions also make use of facilities located away from the main campus. In 2004, the center was expanded through the addition of Jazz at Lincoln Centers newly built facilities, in March 2006, the center launched construction on a major redevelopment plan that modernized, renovated, and opened up its campus. Redevelopment was completed in 2012 with the completion of the Presidents Bridge over West 65th Street, when it was first announced in 1999, Lincoln Centers campuswide redevelopment was to cost $1.5 billion over 10 years and radically transform the campus. Among the architects that have been involved were Frank Gehry, Cooper, Robertson & Partners, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Beyer Blinder Belle, Fox & Fowle, Olin Partnership, and Diller & Scofidio. Additionally, Alice Tully Hall was modernized and reopened to critical and popular acclaim in 2009, topped by a sloping lawn roof, the film center is part of a new pavilion that also houses a destination restaurant named Lincoln, as well as offices. Subsequent projects were added which addressed improvements to the main plazas, under the direction of the Lincoln Center Development Project, Diller Scofidio + Renfro in association with FXFOWLE Architects and Beyer Blinder Belle Architects provided the design services. Additionally, Turner Construction Company and RCDolner, LLC were the managers for the projects. April 21,1955, Lincoln Square designated for urban renewal, june 22,1956, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. incorporated. May 14,1959, Ground-breaking ceremony with U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower September 23,1962, a two-hour live CBS special, Opening Night at Lincoln Center, preserved the event on videotape. April 6,1964, Lincoln Center Fountain opened, renamed the Revson Fountain April 23,1964, New York State Theater opened
16.
William Morris Endeavor
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William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC, also known as William Morris Endeavor, WME or WME-IMG, is an American talent agency with offices in Beverly Hills, California, United States. The company was founded in April 2009, after the merger of the William Morris Agency, WME represents artists across all media platforms, specifically movies, television, music, theatre, digital and publishing. It also represents the NFL and NHL, WME also owns the Ultimate Fighting Championship and Miss Universe. The company is run by Co-CEOs Ari Emanuel and Patrick Whitesell, as the entertainment industry evolved, so did WMA, which soon expanded into television, film, literature and music representation. The Endeavor Talent Agency launched in 1995, nearly 100 years after WMA, by 2009, Endeavor was one of the fastest-growing Hollywood talent agencies, with the New York Times singling out its reputation for quick thinking, ferocity and barely bridled ambition. On April 27,2009, WMA and the Endeavor Talent Agency announced that they were forming William Morris Endeavor, or WME, Endeavor executives Ari Emanuel and Patrick Whitesell were widely seen as the architects of the merger and quickly became the Co-CEOs of WME. In 2011, Emanuel was quoted in a Financial Times profile about the company, Emanuel and Whitesell have implemented several leadership strategies to boost the productivity of their agents, most notably, the Farmhouse training program. Following the merger, WME moved its headquarters into the offices of Endeavor, the company now takes up several floors at 9601 Wilshire Boulevard in the heart of Beverly Hills. Additionally, WME has offices in New York, London, Miami, since the merger, WME has grown to include several subsidiary companies and expanded divisions. Fortune named Co-CEOs Ari Emanuel and Patrick Whitesell to their 2010 Businessperson of the Year list, Emanuel had previously been recognized as a 21st-century super agent by both The Wall Street Journal and The Guardian, as well as an Advertising Age Influencer. Shortly after the merger, WME helped launch the investment group Raine, in 2010 WME partnered with RED Interactive, giving clients access to an award-winning digital advertising agency. 2013 brought a partnership between WME and creative music agency Jingle Punks, which creates, publishes and licenses music. WME is also an investor in the e-commerce platform OpenSky, which was named one of Americas Most Promising Companies by Forbes, in 2013, Whitesell and Emanuel were profiled in Fast Company, highlighting the companys digital growth. In July 2013, WME acquired a minority stake in the creative agency Droga5. The partnership combines the companies’ advertising and entertainment resources, creating new opportunities for their clients in the branded content. Founded by David Droga, Droga5 was named Adweek’s 2012 Agency of the Year and oversees accounts for Coca-Cola, Motorola, WME could help provide the answer given its substantial reach in television, publishing, music, film and theater. On December 18,2013, WME and Silver Lake announced the acquisition of IMG for $2.4 billion, wME’s Ari Emanuel and Patrick Whitesell will serve as co-CEOs. On January 21,2015, it was announced that WME had acquired Global eSports Management, on September 14,2015, WME acquired from Donald Trump the Miss Universe Organization, which produces the Miss Universe, Miss USA and Miss Teen USA beauty pageants and related content
17.
Jamie Brewer
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Jamie Brewer is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in the FX horror anthology television series American Horror Story, Brewer grew up loving all forms of the arts, especially movies and theater productions. She started by taking classes in 1999 at a College for Kids class during her middle school years. She performed in dramas, musicals, comedies, and many improvisations during her training at Dionysus Theater. Brewer appeared and spoke in PSAs for the Super Bowl of Caring Houston Food Drive in Houston, Brewer continues her stage training through The Groundlings Theater and School. In 2011, Brewer made her debut as Adelaide Addie Langdon in American Horror Story. I first got word of the audition for the show from a friend of mine and they were looking for a young lady with Down syndrome who could act. My headshot and resume were submitted and I was called for an audition and and this is a new challenge for me. After the shows first season ended, she appeared on Southland in an episode titled Heat, also in 2013, she returned to American Horror Story for the third season, subtitled Coven, playing the supporting role of Nan, a young witch who is clairvoyant. It was announced at the 2014 PaleyFest that Brewer would return to the series for the season, subtitled American Horror Story. Although, at a date, show creator Ryan Murphy indicated Brewer may not appear during the season. Brewer was later confirmed after appearing in a promo for the two episodes. She both voiced and played Marjorie, the ventriloquist dummy / alternate personality of another character, in February 2015, Brewer became the first woman with Down syndrome to walk the red carpet at New York Fashion Week, which she did for designer Carrie Hammer. Talking about the experience, Brewer said, Its amazing that the industry are including individuals with disabilities. Its an amazing opportunity for women, women that are disabled, during Another time she also said, Young girls and even young women and say hey, if she can do it so can I. Its a true inspiration being a model for any young women to in being who they are. In July 2015, she appeared as a character named Jamie in three episodes of the web series Raymond & Lane. While In September, Brewer appeared on Switched at Birth in an episode titled Between hope, Brewer was the first model with Down Syndrome to walk the New York Fashion Week catwalk
18.
Burberry
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Burberry Group, Inc. is a British luxury fashion house headquartered in London, England. Its main fashion house focuses on and distributes ready-to-wear outerwear, fashion accessories, fragrances, sunglasses, the first shop opened up in the Haymarket, London, in 1891. Burberry was an independent family controlled company until 1955, when it was reincorporated, the fashion house has dressed notable actors, world leaders, musicians, and athletes. Its distinctive check pattern has one of its most widely copied trademarks. Burberry is most famous for its trench coat, Burberry has branded stores and franchises around the world and sells through concessions in third-party stores. Christopher Bailey has been the CEO and Chief Creative Officer since 2014, the company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index. In 2015, Burberry ranked 73rd in Interbrands Best Global Brands report, ahead of Ralph Lauren, Burberry has more than 500 stores in over 50 countries. Burberry was founded in 1856 when 21-year-old Thomas Burberry, a drapers apprentice, opened his own store in Basingstoke, Hampshire. By 1870, the business had established itself by focusing on the development of outdoors attire, in 1879, Burberry introduced in his brand the gabardine, a hardwearing, water-resistant yet breathable fabric, in which the yarn is waterproofed before weaving. Burberry was the name, but then the company soon switched to using the name Burberrys. In 1999, it reverted to its old name, Burberry, the name Burberrys of London is still visible on many older Burberry products. In 1891, Burberry opened a shop in the Haymarket, London, in 1901, the Burberry Equestrian Knight Logo was developed containing the Latin word Prorsum, meaning forwards, and later registered it as a trademark in 1909. In 1911 they became the outfitters for Roald Amundsen, the first man to reach the South Pole, and Ernest Shackleton, a Burberry gabardine jacket was worn by George Mallory on his attempt on Mount Everest in 1924. Adapted to meet the needs of military personnel, the coat was born during the First World War. After the war, the coat became popular with civilians. The iconic Burberry check has been in use since at least the 1920s, Burberry also specially designed aviation garments. In 1937, A. E. Clouston and Betty Kirby-Green broke the record for the fastest return flight from London to Cape Town in The Burberry plane – which was sponsored by the brand. Burberry was an independent family controlled company until 1955, when it was taken over by Great Universal Stores, stars of the modern world began wearing the Burberrys brand
19.
Trademark
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The trademark owner can be an individual, business organization, or any legal entity. A trademark may be located on a package, a label, for the sake of corporate identity, trademarks are often displayed on company buildings. A trademark identifies the owner of a particular product or service. The unauthorized usage of trademarks by producing and trading counterfeit consumer goods is known as brand piracy, the owner of a trademark may pursue legal action against trademark infringement. Most countries require formal registration of a trademark as a precondition for pursuing this type of action, the United States, Canada and other countries also recognize common law trademark rights, which means action can be taken to protect an unregistered trademark if it is in use. Still, common law trademarks offer the holder in general less legal protection than registered trademarks. A trademark may be designated by the symbols, ™ ℠ ® A trademark is typically a name, word, phrase, logo, symbol, design, image. There is also a range of non-conventional trademarks comprising marks which do not fall into these categories, such as those based on colour, smell. Trademarks which are considered offensive are often rejected according to a nations trademark law, the term trademark is also used informally to refer to any distinguishing attribute by which an individual is readily identified, such as the well-known characteristics of celebrities. When a trademark is used in relation to services rather than products, it may sometimes be called a service mark, in other words, trademarks serve to identify a particular business as the source of goods or services. The use of a trademark in this way is known as trademark use, certain exclusive rights attach to a registered mark. Different goods and services have been classified by the International Classification of Goods, in trademark treatises it is usually reported that blacksmiths who made swords in the Roman Empire are thought of as being the first users of trademarks. Other notable trademarks that have used for a long time include Löwenbräu. The first trademark legislation was passed by the Parliament of England under the reign of King Henry III in 1266, the first modern trademark laws emerged in the late 19th century. In France the first comprehensive system in the world was passed into law in 1857 with the Manufacture. In Britain, the Merchandise Marks Act 1862 made it an offense to imitate anothers trade mark with intent to defraud or to enable another to defraud. In 1875 the Trade Marks Registration Act was passed which allowed formal registration of marks at the UK Patent Office for the first time. Registration was considered to comprise prima facie evidence of ownership of a trade mark, in the United States, Congress first attempted to establish a federal trademark regime in 1870
20.
Berlin Fashion Week
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Berlin Fashion Week is a fashion week held twice annually in Berlin, Germany. Since its establishment in July 2007 it has gained international attention for its many creative young designers who are flourishing in the fashion capital of Berlin. Since July 2011, the event has taken part in front of the Brandenburg Gate. Mercedes-Benz is the sponsor of the fashion week. The last Berlin Fashion Week took place between January 17 and 20,2017, the next is scheduled for 5 July, since the Spring/Summer 2012 season, Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week features young international talents in an exclusive show in cooperation with Elle. Fashion entrepreneurs can vie in the Start your Fashion Business competition, another important event for young designers is the Designer for Tomorrow Award, which is held every summer season. A jury, which famous designer Marc Jacobs belongs to, chooses a winner who will be able to present his own show in the winter season. Another specialty is the Berlin U-Bahn fashion show, that place in a chartered train of the U5 line. Different trade fairs are a part of the Berlin Fashion Week, such as BREAD & BUTTER, Premium Fair, Bright Tradeshow, Show&Order, PanoramaBerlin. Widely publicly available are the showfloors at Mercedes-Benz showfloor, Showfloor Berlin, Lavera Showfloor, GREENshowroom, musicians like Lady Gaga, HURTS, Alphaville and Icona Pop performed at StyleNites. Michalsky also chooses non-mainstream ways when it comes to selecting the models, the famed female model Toni Garrn is part of every show
21.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
22.
Women's Wear Daily
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Womens Wear Daily is a fashion-industry trade journal sometimes called the bible of fashion. It is the publication of Fairchild Fashion Media, which is owned by Penske Media Corporation. The publisher of WWD is Paul Jowdy, and its editor-in-chief is Edward Nardoza, the final newsprint edition of WWD was printed on April 24,2015, and a weekly edition was launched on April 29,2015. The journal was founded by Edmund Fairchild on July 13,1910, john Fairchild, who became the European bureau chief of Fairchild Publications in 1955 and the publisher of WWD in 1960, improved WWDs standing by focusing on the human side of fashion. He turned his newspapers attention to the scene of fashion designers and their clients. Fairchild also played hardball to help his circulation, after two couturiers forbade press coverage until one month after buyers had seen their clothes, Fairchild published photos and sketches anyway. He even sent reporters to fashion houses disguised as messengers, or had them observe designers new styles from windows of buildings opposite fashion houses, I have learned in fashion to be a little savage, he wrote in his memoir. John Fairchild was publisher of the magazine from 1960 to 1996, under Fairchild, the companys feuds were also legendary. When a designers statements or work offended Fairchild, he would retaliate, in response, some designers forbade their representatives from speaking to WWD reporters or disinvited WWD reporters from their fashion shows. In general, though, those excluded kept their mouths shut, in 1999, Fairchild Publications was sold by the Walt Disney Company to Advance Publications, the parent company of Condé Nast Publications. As a result, Fairchild Publications became a unit of Condé Nast, though WWD was technically operated separately from Condé Nasts consumer publications such as Vogue, on August 19,2014, Conde Nast sold Womens Wear Daily to Penske Media Corporation. The purchase by PMC included WWDs sister publications Footwear News, Menswear, M Magazine, on April 12,2015, Womens Wear Daily announced on their website that they will launch a weekly print format from April 23 on. A Daily Digital edition of WWD is also available to subscribers, isadore Barmash, Edward Gold, Marvin Klapper, Sandy Parker, Sidney Rutberg, Mort Sheinman & Stanley Siegelman. Fashion, Retailing and a Bygone Era, Inside Womens Wear Daily—A Look Back
23.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
24.
Los Angeles Fashion Week
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Fashion Week in Los Angeles occurs biannually. Multiple show producers hold events throughout the Greater Los Angeles area each March, traditionally, the City of Los Angeles identified the third weekend of those respective months as the beginning of its Fashion Week. However, new independent event producers have been transitioning Fashion Week related activities to coincide closer in time with the LA Fashion Market Week, Los Angeles Fashion Week was an evolution of press week, which has been around since the early 1970s. Independently produced events, working alongside designers began inviting fashion journalists to see collections from Southern California, since the late 1990s, Fashion Week has been represented by a community of L. A. fashion producers, designers, journalists, and marketers interested in its success. In 2002, IMGs fashion division, which produces Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week in New York, made its first foray west, simultaneously, Davis Factor and Dean Factor produced Smashbox Fashion Week Los Angeles at Smashbox Studios in Culver City. In 2003, IMG and Smashbox united under one banner to streamline services and venues, the relationship between IMG and Smashbox Studios lasted for five years, with the October 2008 shows marking their final presentation together. In October 2005, the now-defunct LA Fashion Awards debuted to celebrate, the annual Awards were timed at the closing of Fashion Week and the opening of Market Week in October, at the service of both retail store buyers and press. A nominating committee of more than forty of LAs top fashion journalists, merchandisers, stylists, designers, the Awards were placed on hiatus in October 2008 after sponsorship support was put on hold in the wake of the financial market meltdown that September. In Spring 2007, after just six weeks of preparation, BOXeight Fashion Week had its first show at the Los Angeles Theater, in Fall 2007, it moved to Vibiana LA, the newly restored Cathedral of Saint Vibiana. In 2008, it moved again, this time eastward to BOXeights headquarters on the fringe of downtowns warehouse district, Los Angeles Fashion Week has traditionally been characterized by the diversity of independent productions operating throughout the metro area. As of October 2016, main productions actively producing multi-brand runway shows are, LA Fashion Week, Art Hearts, Style FW, LA Times, Los Angeles Fashion Week
25.
Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week
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Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Madrid, was known as Pasarela Cibeles until 2008 or Cibeles Madrid Fashion week up until 2012, is the principal platform to promote fashion in Spain. Based in Madrid and often takes place twice a year, in September 2008 held its edition No.48, the No.49 edition, which lasted two weeks, was held in February 2009. It is organized by IFEMA, the fair in Madrid. In the edition organized for September 18,2009 they celebrate the 50th edition of the former Pasarela Cibeles. Many models see in the Spanish capital as a continuum of work during their available free days after the conclusion of New York Fashion Week and just before the start of the Milan fashion shows. Some designers that showing their collections in Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Madrid are, Davidelfin, Juan Duyos, Adolfo Dominguez, Andres Sarda, Aristocrazy, TCN, web oficial Especial 50 aniversario de Pasarela Cibeles
26.
Italian fashion
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Italy is one of the leading countries in fashion design, alongside others such as France, United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Japan. Cities such as Palermo, Venice, Milan, Naples, Florence and Vicenza started to produce goods, hats, cosmetics, jewelry. Milan is generally considered to be one of the big four fashion capitals, along with New York City, Paris, and London, occasionally. Italian fashion can be connected to the most generalized concept of Made in Italy. Italian luxury goods are renowned for the quality of their own textiles. The non profit making association which disciplines, co-ordinates and promotes the development of Italian Fashion is the National Chamber of Italian Fashion and it was set up in 1958 in Rome and now is settled in Milan and represents all the highest cultural values of Italian Fashion. This association has pursued a policy of organisational support aimed at the knowledge, promotion and development of fashion through events with a highly intellectual image in Italy, a few Italian designers head some important fashion brands outside Italy. Among the newest labels or younger designers, the most prominent are Aquilano. Piccione, Andrea Pompilio, Fausto Puglisi, San Andres Milano, Francesco Scognamiglio, Vivetta and Alberto Zambelli. Italy also is home to fashion magazines, such as Vogue Italia, Vanity Fair, Elle, Glamour, Grazia, Amica, Flair. Italian fashion reached its peak during the Renaissance, until the 1970s, Italian fashion was mainly designed for the rich and famous, more or less like the French Haute Couture. Yet, in the 1970s and 80s, Italian fashion started to concentrate on ready-to-wear clothes, such as coats, jackets, trousers, shirts, jeans, jumpers and miniskirts. Today, Milan and Rome are Italys fashion capitals, and are international centres for fashion design, competing with other cities such as Tokyo, Los Angeles, London, Paris. Also, other such as Venice, Florence, Naples, Vicenza, Bologna, Genoa. The countrys main shopping districts are the Via Montenapoleone fashion district and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele, Via dei Condotti, and Via de Tornabuoni. Italian fashion is dominated by Milan, Rome, and to an extent, Florence. Nonetheless, there are other cities which play an important role in Italian fashion. In 2009, Milan was regarded as the fashion capital, even surpassing New York, Paris, Rome. In 2011, Milan was ranked #4, behind London, New York, international fashion labels also operate shops in Milan, including an Abercrombie & Fitch flagship store which has become a main consumer attraction
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Japanese street fashion
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There are many styles of street fashion in Japan, created from a mix of both local and foreign labels. Some of these styles are extreme and avant-garde, similar to the haute couture seen on European catwalks. The rise and fall of many of these trends has been chronicled by Shoichi Aoki since 1997 in the fashion magazine Fruits, in 2003, Japanese hip-hop, which had long been present among underground Tokyos club scene, influenced the mainstream fashion industry. The popularity of the music was so influential that Tokyos youth imitated their favorite hip hop stars from the way they dress with oversized clothes to tanned skin, though the styles have changed over the years, street fashion is still prominent in Tokyo today. Young adults can often be found wearing subculture attire in large urban districts such as Harajuku, Aoyama, Ginza, Odaiba, Shinjuku. Containing many different themes within its boundaries, Lolita has become one of the larger, the more well-known styles within Lolita fashion are as follows, Gothic Lolita - is Lolita with a heavy influence from the Eastern and Victorian Goth style. Often characterized by dark colors, crosses, bats and spiders, Victorian iron gates and architectural designs are also often seen in dress prints. Skirts are usually worn knee length with petticoats beneath for volume, blouses or shirts are lace-trimmed or ruffled in the Victorian style. Knee length socks with boots, bonnets, brooches, and a parasol finish out this style of Lolita, Sweet Lolita - is the most childlike style, mostly characterized by baby animals, fairy tale themes and innocent, childlike attire. It was originally inspired by Victorian childrens clothing and Alice in Wonderland, hello Kitty, Rilakkuma and other cute pop culture characters are popular among the Sweet lolitas. Pastel colors are used, as well as other muted colors like black and dark reds, large headbows, cute purses, elegant parasols and stuffed animals are popular accessories for Sweet Lolita. Punk Lolita - An experimental style, mixing the influences of Punk with Lolita and it can sometimes look deconstructed or crazy, while keeping most of the Lolita silhouette. It is more business-like and focuses on light colors such as, blue, green, kodona, a. k. a. boystyle and ouji, is a more masculine counterpart of lolita, influenced by Victorian boys clothing. Prince pants, which are short capri-style pants that are cut off the knee, usually some sort of detail are commonly worn with masculine blouses, top hats. Gyaru, which is known as ganguro, which is actually a subcategory of gyaru, is a type of Japanese street fashion that originated in the 1970s. Gyaru focuses on style, dwelling on man-made beauty. Gyaru is also inspired by Western fashion. The ganguro style of Japanese street fashion became popular among Japanese girls in the early 1990s, ganguro falls into the larger subculture of gyaru fashion
