1.
New York State Department of Transportation
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This transportation network includes, A state and local highway system, encompassing over 110,000 miles of highway and 17,000 bridges. A5,000 mile rail network, carrying over 42 million short tons of equipment, raw materials, manufactured goods, over 130 public transit operators, serving over 5.2 million passengers each day. Twelve major public and private ports, handling more than 110 million short tons of freight annually,456 public and private aviation facilities, through which more than 31 million people travel each year. It owns two airports, Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, and Republic Airport on Long Island, Stewart is currently leased to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Its regulations are compiled in title 17 of the New York Codes, Rules, in 1878, the Superintendent of Public Works took over the duties of the canal commissioners. In 1908, the New York State Department of Highways was established by the Highway Act and it was headed by a three-member Highway Commission, appointed in 1909. In 1911, the Highway Commission was abolished, and was succeeded by a State Superintendent of Highways, the department comprises 11 regional offices and 68 county transportation maintenance residencies. Tioga County was moved to adjacent region in August 2007, Wayne County was moved from Region 3 to Region 4 in the late 1990s, averell Harriman State Office Building Campus in Albany, NY. The TMC moved in September,2012 along with SP COMSEC to the new NYSP Troop G Headquarters located in Latham, New York City Department of Transportation Raymond T. Schuler Official website Department of Transportation in the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations 511ny. org
2.
Little Falls (city), New York
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Little Falls is a city in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 4,946 at the 2010 census, the name is derived from a small cataract near the city. The city is built on both sides of the Mohawk River, at a point at which rapids had impeded travel upriver, transportation through the valley was improved by construction of the Erie Canal, completed in 1825 and connecting the Great Lakes with the Hudson River. The city of Little Falls is located at the corner of the Town of Little Falls and is east of Utica. Little Falls has a location on the slope of a narrow and rocky defile, flowing through which the river falls 45 feet in less than a mile. Little Falls was first settled by Europeans around 1723, when German Palatines were granted land under the Burnetsfield Patent and it was then the westernmost European settlement in the colony of New York. The need to portage around the falls promoted a trading location on the site of the future city and it was the first settlement in the town. The settlers were attacked during the French and Indian War, the small settlement here was destroyed by Iroquois Indians, mostly Mohawk, and Tories in June 1782. The village was not resettled until 1790, and it was known at times as Rockton, Little Falls was incorporated as a village in 1811, and reincorporated in 1827. The City of Little Falls was chartered in 1895, the Western Inland Canal was constructed in 1792 and helped the local economy. The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, passes through the city, lock 17 of the New York State Erie Canal replaced the three locks of the original 1825 Erie Canal and is 40.5 feet in height. With dairy farms located throughout the town, Little Falls was a center for the manufacturing of cheese in the third quarter of the 19th century. Its products were shipped to market in New York City and other major cities, in the 20th century it attracted immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, who worked in factories for textiles, gloves and other products. In 1900,10,381 people lived in Little Falls and it had its peak of population in 1920 with 13,029. Increasing urbanization of larger cities and the decline of manufacturing in the Mohawk Valley in mid-century have led to a decline in population, in 1903, a westbound New York Central special newspaper train derailed due to excessive speed on a sharp curve killing the engine crew. In 1940, a more serious crash at the same location of a fifteen car luxury passenger train killed 31. Benjamin T. Babbitt operated a shop in Little Falls early in his career. Francis Bellamy, author of the Pledge of Allegiance, lived in the city, natale H. Bellocchi, United States diplomat, was born in Little Falls David H. S
3.
New York State Route 5S
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New York State Route 5S is an east–west state highway located in the Mohawk Valley of New York in the United States. It extends for 72.92 miles from an interchange with NY5, NY 5A, NY8, the route runs along the south side of the Mohawk River for its entire length and parallels NY5, which runs along the north side of the Mohawk River. In some locations, NY 5S has been upgraded into a two or an expressway, mostly in Utica and western Herkimer County. The route is part of New York State Bicycle Route 5 west of its junction with NY103 in Schenectady County, when NY 5S was assigned in 1930, the route stretched from Oneida in the west to Schenectady in the east. It was later truncated on both ends to eliminate overlaps with other routes and to accommodate the construction of other roadways. NY 5S begins at an interchange with I-790 in downtown Utica, at this interchange, I-790 is concurrent with NY5, NY8, and NY12 along Uticas North–South Arterial. The freeway connects NY 5S to the New York State Thruway, from this interchange, NY 5S travels east across Utica as an urban arterial roadway with at grade intersections. After it crosses Broad Street, it continues east as a highway with grade-separated intersections to the Herkimer County line. The highway meets Culver Avenue as it enters Herkimer County, not far to the east is an interchange for Turner Street, a small connector road. Route 5S enters West Frankfort and has an exit for Dyke Road, in West Frankfort, it parallels one of its many old alignments. Route 5S continues southward, encountering Higby Road and Cemetery Street in Frankfort, just past the Herkimer County Fairgrounds, Route 5S crosses under NY171. In East Frankfort, Route 5S intersects with its old routing, Route 5S enters Ilion, where it meets NY51. Route 5S passes to the south of Herkimer and has junctions with local roads before intersecting NY28 in Mohawk, while in Mohawk, Route 5S also intersects with NY 922B, an unsigned reference route. Past Mohawk, Route 5S begins to parallel the Mohawk River, Route 5S enters Little Falls and intersects with NY167. Route 5S passes through farmlands and parallels the Thruway even farther, passing through the villages of Fort Plain, in the latter, NY 5S is village-maintained in the immediate vicinity of its junction with NY10. This 0. 19-mile stretch is the part of the route that is not maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation. Route 5S enters Fultonville and intersects with NY 30A, Route 5S begins to make different turns in direction and continues to parallel the Thruway. Route 5S enters Amsterdam and intersects with NY30, Route 5S enters the Rotterdam area, paralleling Route 5 and the Mohawk River as it begins to head to the south
4.
Danube, New York
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Danube is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 1,039 at the 2010 census, Early Palatine German immigrants in the eighteenth century named the town after the Danube River in Europe. The Town of Danube is in southeastern Herkimer County, southeast of the City of Little Falls, the town was first settled by Europeans around 1730 on the territories of Lindseys and Van Hornes patents. The town was within the territory of the Mohawk tribe, in coordination with the colonial government the Mohawk had allowed a fortified settlement east of here. They had agreed in 1712 to allow settlement by Palatine Germans in exchange for Queen Anne helping with their defense against the French. Fort Schuyler was constructed south of the Mohawk River near one of their settlements at the time. The Town of Danube was formed in 1817 from the Town of Minden, part of Danube was taken off in 1828 to form the Town of Stark. The Herkimer Home and Mohawk Upper Castle Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, king Hendrick, Mohawk leader, lived in Canajoharie, what was also known to the English as the Upper Indian Castle. The site of the village is a National Historic Landmark, the east town line is the border of Montgomery County. The north town line is marked by the Mohawk River and the Erie Canal, the New York State Thruway passes across the north part of the town. New York State Route 5S is an east-west highway that parallels the Thruway, New York State Route 169 intersects NY-5S and the Thruway in the northwest part of Danube. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,098 people,398 households, the population density was 37.4 people per square mile. There were 442 housing units at a density of 15.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 96. 90% White,0. 82% African American,0. 36% Native American,0. 91% Asian,0. 09% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 91% of the population. 23. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.22. In the town, the population was out with 31. 1% under the age of 18,6. 6% from 18 to 24,28. 8% from 25 to 44,22. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 111.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.0 males, the median income for a household in the town was $31,815, and the median income for a family was $32,500
5.
Interstate 90 in New York
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Interstate 90 is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from Seattle, Washington, to Boston, Massachusetts. Although most of the route is part of the tolled New York State Thruway, within New York, I-90 has a complete set of auxiliary Interstates, which means that there are interstates numbered I-190 through I-990 in the state, with no gaps in between. For most of its length in New York, I-90 runs parallel to the former Erie Canal route, New York State Route 5, U. S. Route 20, I-90 was assigned in 1957 as part of the establishment of the Interstate Highway System. Ultimately, the freeway was built from the Thruway mainline in Albany to the Berkshire Connector in Schodack, the Albany–Schodack freeway was completed in stages during the 1960s and 1970s and fully open by 1977. West of Albany, I-90 in New York is designated along the mainline of the New York State Thruway, two auxiliary routes, I-190 and I-290 connect with I-90 here. Both auxiliary routes provide access between I-90 and Canadas largest city, Toronto, East of Erie County, the Thruway turns east and passes through the suburbs of several major cities in Upstate New York, generally following the path of the Erie Canal. It passes south of Rochester and north of Syracuse, which are served by three auxiliary Interstate Highways, I-490 and I-390 connect to Rochester, while I-690 leads to Syracuse. The speed limit, enforced by the New York State Police, is 65 miles per hour along most of this stretch. It rejoins I-90 in Albany County, where I-90 leaves the mainline of the Thruway at exit 24 in Albany, here, the route designation of the Thruway changes from I-90 east to I-87 south. Traffic intending to continue on I-90 or reach I-87 north must exit the Thruway here, Exit numbers and mile markers for I-90 reset after exiting. Now a toll-free highway, I-90 and I-87 continue to exits 1N and 1S, located off exit 1S and Fuller Road Alternate, a spur of the Northway leading to Western Avenue, is the Crossgates Mall in Guilderland. I-90 proceeds eastward, meeting Washington Avenue at an interchange connecting to UAlbany, I-90 subsequently crosses over NY5 and passes north of Westgate Plaza as it connects to Everett Road. The freeway continues along the edge of Albany to exit 5A. After that project was cancelled, it was repurposed as an exit for Corporate Woods Boulevard, East of exit 5A, I-90 passes by slightly more residential areas ahead of a stack interchange with US91 mile north of downtown Albany. Albany Memorial Hospital is located just north of the exit on US9, not far to the east of US9 is a second stack interchange, connecting I-90 to I-787 in the industrial northeasternmost section of the city of Albany. At this point, I-90 turns to the southeast and follows the Patroon Island Bridge over the Hudson River, across the river, I-90 becomes the Rensselaer County Veterans Memorial Highway and passes through much less developed areas. South of NY43, I-90 and US4 follow parallel routings into East Greenbush, the freeway and the overlapping U. S. Routes follow similar routings to Schodack Center, at which point I-90 finally connects to US9 and US20 at exits 11E, I-90 heads due south from this point, passing over NY150 and paralleling US9, which splits from US20 at Schodack Center
6.
New York State Thruway
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The New York State Thruway is a system of limited-access highways located within the state of New York in the United States. The tolled mainline of the Thruway extends for 496.00 miles from the New York City line at Yonkers to the Pennsylvania state line at Ripley by way of Albany, Syracuse, and Buffalo. According to the International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association, the Thruway is the fifth busiest toll road in the United States, a tolled highway connecting the major cities of New York was first proposed as early as the 1940s. The first section of the Thruway, between Utica and Rochester, opened on June 24,1954, the remainder of the mainline and many of its spurs connecting to highways in other states and provinces were built in the 1950s. When the Interstate Highway System was created in 1957, much of the Thruway system was included as portions of Interstate 87, I-90, other segments became part of I-190 and I-287 shortly afterward. The portion of I-84 in New York was part of the Thruway system from 1991 to 2010, the Thruway utilizes both open tolling and closed tolling. Tickets are used on the Thruway mainline between Harriman and the suburbs of Buffalo and from the southern suburbs of Buffalo to the Pennsylvania state line. The Berkshire Connector also utilizes a ticket-based tolling system, the portion of the mainline south of Harriman, the New England Thruway, and the Niagara Thruway have open tolling systems, with all three highways containing at least one toll barrier. The last two components—the Garden State Parkway Connector and the Cross-Westchester Expressway—and the section of the mainline in, together, the highways extend for 569.83 miles, making the Thruway system one of the largest toll highway systems in the United States. The longest of the six components is the 496-mile mainline, of the 570 miles in the Thruway system,560.85 miles carries at least one Interstate Highway designation. They are designated as New York State Route 982L, NY 912M, the speed limit, enforced by the New York State Police, is 65 miles per hour along most of the Thruway. I-90, which comprises the bulk of the mainline and the Berkshire Connector, I-87 comprises the remaining 148.15 miles of the mainline, including an 18. 86-mile concurrency with I-287 north of New York City. I-287 covers another 29.76 miles, while I-190 spans 21.24 miles, all highways maintained by the New York State Thruway Authority lack the reference markers that exist on all New York State Department of Transportation-maintained roads, as would be expected. In their place, NYSTA-controlled roadways use small, square tenth-mile markers with a white background and blue numbering. The mainline of the Thruway begins, both in terms of numbers and mileposts, at the boundary between the New York City borough of the Bronx and the Westchester County city of Yonkers. Here, I-87 changes from the Major Deegan Expressway to the Thruway as the mainline proceeds northward through Yonkers and it connects with Central Park Avenue at exit 1, the first of 12 exits within the county. The first few exits serve various local streets, with exit 2 providing access to Yonkers Raceway, the Hutchinson River and Bronx River parkways leave to the northeast midway through Yonkers, while the Saw Mill and Sprain Brook parkways follow the Thruway out of the city. All three highways take generally parallel tracks to Elmsford, where I-87 directly intersects the Saw Mill River Parkway at exit 7A, not far to the north is exit 8, a semi-directional T interchange with I-287
7.
New York State Route 5
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New York State Route 5 is a state highway that extends for 370.80 miles across the state of New York in the United States. S. Route 9, here routed along the roads for Interstate 787. Prior to the construction of the New York State Thruway, it was one of two main east–west highways traversing upstate New York, the other being US20, West of New York, NY5 continues as Pennsylvania Route 5 to Erie. NY5 overlaps with US20 twice along its routing, the second, a 68-mile overlap through western and central New York, is the second-longest concurrency in the state, stretching from Avon east to the city of Auburn in Cayuga County. The concurrency is known locally as Routes 5 and 20, as the route proceeds across the state, it also directly or indirectly meets every major north–south highway in upstate New York, including all three north–south Interstate Highways. NY5 was assigned in 1924 as a true cross-state highway, extending from the Pennsylvania state line in the west to the Massachusetts state line in the east, at the time, modern NY5 between Buffalo and Albany was designated as New York State Route 5A. By 1926, NY5 was moved onto the routing of NY 5A while the old routing of NY5 became NY7. It was truncated in 1927 to Athol Springs in the west and Albany in the east following the assignment of US20, and again in 1930 to downtown Buffalo. NY5 was reextended to the Pennsylvania state line c. 1932 by way of its old routing to Athol Springs, an old alignment of US20, only local realignments have occurred since. Although it is no commonly used for long distance travel. NY5 is named Main Street in Buffalo, Erie Boulevard and West Genesee Street in Syracuse, State Street in Schenectady, and Central Avenue in Albany and it is a major local road in many other locations along its path. NY5 runs concurrent to US20 twice between its endpoints, for three miles between Silver Creek and Irving and for 68 miles across western and central New York. At 67.6 miles in length, the overlap between US20 and NY5 is the longest surface-road concurrency in New York state, behind only the concurrency of I-86. Maintenance of the majority of NY 5s 371 miles is performed by the New York State Department of Transportation, however, locally owned and maintained sections exist in six cities. At the New York–Pennsylvania border in Ripley, PA5 becomes NY5 upon entering New York and it very closely follows the shore of Lake Erie through all of Chautauqua County. Once reaching the village of Silver Creek it briefly overlaps US20 until entering Erie County at the Cattaraugus Reservation, once in Erie County it pulls slightly inward from the lake shore from Brant to the hamlet of Wanakah. Near the northern edge of the city, NY5 begins to ascend onto an elevated roadway as it connects to Ridge Road, here, the route becomes the Buffalo Skyway, a limited-access highway with exits for Ohio and Tifft streets and Fuhrmann Boulevard. After a quarter-mile, NY5 passes seamlessly into the city of Buffalo, a short distance past the city line, NY5 passes over the Union Ship Canal on a span of the elevated road known as the Father Baker Bridge
8.
New York State Route 167
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New York State Route 167 is a north–south state highway in the Mohawk Valley region of New York in the United States. It extends for 26.17 miles from an intersection with U. S. Route 20 in the Otsego County village of Richfield Springs to a junction with NY29 in the Herkimer County village of Dolgeville. Midway between the two endpoints, NY167 passes through the city of Little Falls, where it meets NY5 and indirectly connects to the New York State Thruway by way of NY169. Most of NY167 is a rural highway, however, in Little Falls. The piece of NY167 between Richfield Springs and Paines Hollow, a hamlet southwest of Little Falls, was originally part of an unsigned legislative route in the early 20th century. Farther north, the segment between Little Falls and Dolgeville was added to the route system in 1910. NY 28s former routing between Richfield Springs and Paines Hollow became part of the new NY167, which continued north through Little Falls to Dolgeville as it does today. NY167 begins at an intersection with US20 near the tip of Canadarago Lake in the village of Richfield Springs. Past Cullen, NY167 makes a bend to the northeast. Here, the highway intersects with Jordanville Road, an east–west two-lane road that NY167 briefly follows as it runs through the community, a short distance east of Jordanville, NY167 splits from Jordanville Road to head northeast as a two-lane rural road. After leaving Paines Hollow, NY167 continues northeast into the town of Little Falls, the route remains rural through the town, intersecting with Johnny Cake and Oregon roads as it winds to the northeast. Just under 2 miles from Paines Hollow, the highway curves to the southeast ahead of a hairpin turn that leads northward to a junction with Newville Road. NY167 heads generally northward through Little Falls, veering to the east and west at various points as it traverses the town, about 3 miles south of the city of Little Falls, the highway passes under the New York State Thruway with no connection to the road. After the Thruway overpass, NY167 heads into an area surrounding its junction with NY 5S. The two routes briefly overlap before NY167 turns north into a populated, mostly wooded area along the southern bank of the Mohawk River. NY167 follows the river into a section of the city of Little Falls. North of the river, the passes over NY5 before intersecting Albany Street just west of downtown Little Falls. Albany Street is the half of a one-way couplet with nearby Main Street, as a result
9.
Little Falls, New York
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Little Falls is a city in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 4,946 at the 2010 census, the name is derived from a small cataract near the city. The city is built on both sides of the Mohawk River, at a point at which rapids had impeded travel upriver, transportation through the valley was improved by construction of the Erie Canal, completed in 1825 and connecting the Great Lakes with the Hudson River. The city of Little Falls is located at the corner of the Town of Little Falls and is east of Utica. Little Falls has a location on the slope of a narrow and rocky defile, flowing through which the river falls 45 feet in less than a mile. Little Falls was first settled by Europeans around 1723, when German Palatines were granted land under the Burnetsfield Patent and it was then the westernmost European settlement in the colony of New York. The need to portage around the falls promoted a trading location on the site of the future city and it was the first settlement in the town. The settlers were attacked during the French and Indian War, the small settlement here was destroyed by Iroquois Indians, mostly Mohawk, and Tories in June 1782. The village was not resettled until 1790, and it was known at times as Rockton, Little Falls was incorporated as a village in 1811, and reincorporated in 1827. The City of Little Falls was chartered in 1895, the Western Inland Canal was constructed in 1792 and helped the local economy. The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, passes through the city, lock 17 of the New York State Erie Canal replaced the three locks of the original 1825 Erie Canal and is 40.5 feet in height. With dairy farms located throughout the town, Little Falls was a center for the manufacturing of cheese in the third quarter of the 19th century. Its products were shipped to market in New York City and other major cities, in the 20th century it attracted immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, who worked in factories for textiles, gloves and other products. In 1900,10,381 people lived in Little Falls and it had its peak of population in 1920 with 13,029. Increasing urbanization of larger cities and the decline of manufacturing in the Mohawk Valley in mid-century have led to a decline in population, in 1903, a westbound New York Central special newspaper train derailed due to excessive speed on a sharp curve killing the engine crew. In 1940, a more serious crash at the same location of a fifteen car luxury passenger train killed 31. Benjamin T. Babbitt operated a shop in Little Falls early in his career. Francis Bellamy, author of the Pledge of Allegiance, lived in the city, natale H. Bellocchi, United States diplomat, was born in Little Falls David H. S
10.
New York State Route 28
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New York State Route 28 is a state highway extending for 281.69 miles in the shape of a C between the Hudson Valley city of Kingston and southern Warren County in the U. S. state of New York. Along the way, it intersects several major routes, including Interstate 88, U. S. Route 20, the southern terminus of NY28 is at NY32 in Kingston and the northern terminus is at US9 in Warrensburg. In Kingston, NY28 is co-designated as Interstate 587 from its terminus at NY32 to the roundabout linking it to the Thruway. NY28 was originally assigned in 1924 to an alignment extending from Colliersville in the south to Utica in the north via Ilion. From Colliersville to Cooperstown, the highway followed its current routing, north of Cooperstown, the route was extended south to Kingston and north to Warrensburg as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. At the same time, NY28 was realigned between Cooperstown and Mohawk to follow its modern routing, other than minor realignments in Kingston, Oneonta, and Oneida County, NY28 has remained the same to this day. NY 28s southern terminus is with NY32 in the city of Kingston, the route heads north, then northwest on Colonel Chandler Drive, a four-lane limited-access highway. The roadway is designated and signed as I-587, which begins at NY32 as well. Although Colonel Chandler Drive is built to Interstate Highway standards, it has no intermediary interchanges, after crossing over the Esopus Creek into Ulster, I-587 terminates at a roundabout that links I-587 and NY28 to the New York State Thruway at exit 19. West of I-87, the crosses the Blue Line of Catskill Park. Not long afterward, the highway meets US209 by way of a cloverleaf interchange, past US209, the highway enters a rural area as it heads northwest into the center of the state park. Near the eastern tip of the Ashokan Reservoir, in the town of Kingston, West of NY 28A, NY28 continues towards the north and west along the northern edge of the reservoir. In West Hurley, the route intersects the terminus of NY375. It proceeds along the reservoir to its end in the town of Olive community of Boiceville. At Phoenicia, the largest settlement since Kingston, NY214 reaches its terminus at the highway. Past Phoenicia, the slopes become steeper as the road and creek curve around Panther Mountain, one of the Catskill High Peaks. At Allaben, the Shandaken Tunnel crosses under the road, bringing water from Schoharie Reservoir into the creek. The road and creek start bending to the south to the hamlet of Shandaken, as NY28 continues trending southwest, the valley becomes less developed
11.
New York State Route 29
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New York State Route 29 is a state highway extending for 94.79 miles across the eastern portion of the U. S. state of New York. The western terminus of the route is at NY28 and NY169 in Middleville, the eastern terminus of the route is at NY22 just south of Salem, Washington County. NY29 also serves the cities of Johnstown and Saratoga Springs and intersects four major north–south roadways, NY10, NY30, U. S. Route 9, and U. S. Route 4. When the NY29 designation was created in the 1920s, the route extended from Barneveld in the west to Salem in the east, the Trenton-Middleville segment became part of an extended NY28 in 1930. Since that time, the route has remained unchanged, excluding minor realignments in Fulton County. NY29 begins at an intersection with NY28 and NY169 in Middleville, a small village situated on West Canada Creek in western Herkimer County. The route heads east, passing out of the village and into the towns of Fairfield and Salisbury, past NY 170A, as well as the hamlet of Salisbury centered around the junction, NY29 continues to Salisbury Center. In the center of the community, NY 29A, an alternate to NY29, splits off. NY29, however, curves south, paralleling Spruce Creek to the village of Dolgeville, within the village, NY29 meets NY167 prior to crossing over the East Canada Creek and leaving Dolgeville. Once in Fulton County, NY29 turns southeast as it heads through Oppenheim, farther east, NY29 begins to turn to the east as it passes into Ephratah. Just across the line, NY29 intersects NY 10A. NY29 continues on, passing north of the Cork Center Reservoir, at Green Street, NY29 bears right on William Street, then joins with NY67 at East Main Street. After crossing downtown, the ends with NY67 following East State Street toward Amsterdam. NY29 then reaches Comrie Avenue, turning left to join with NY 30A briefly to an intersection with Briggs Street and this portion of the street is generally wider than that of the city-maintained portion. Several businesses are accessed on both sides, as well as an entrance to the nearby Johnstown Arterial Plaza. The Jansen Avenue Elementary School playground is also along this route, East of Johnstown, NY29 heads northeast, intersecting Steele Avenue Extension just west of the Mayfield town line. NY29 continues into Mayfield, meeting both the current eastern terminus of NY 29A and NY30 in the vicinity of the hamlet of Vail Mills, past Mayfield, NY29 passes through both the village and town of Broadalbin before crossing into Saratoga County. For its first few miles in Saratoga County, NY29 roughly parallels the Galway-Providence town line as it heads eastward through a rural area of the county
12.
Middleville, New York
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Middleville is a village in Herkimer County, New York, New York. The population was 512 at the 2010 census, the Village of Middleville is on the boundary of the Towns of Newport and Fairfield. The village is about 8½ miles north of the Village of Herkimer and is about 17 miles east of Utica, the community was first settled around 1806. People settled on the land purchased by Sheffield Kenyon and built houses and industries, the village was incorporated in 1890, ten years after the railroad arrived. The Lalino Stone Arch Bridge and Route 29 Stone Arch Bridge are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Middleville is located at 43°8′18″N 74°58′10″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 0.8 square miles. The West Canada Creek flows through the middle of the village, maltanner Creek enters West Canada Creek in Middleville. New York State Route 28, New York State Route 29, NY29 has its western terminus and NY169 has its northern terminus at that intersection. As of the census of 2000, there were 550 people,201 households, the population density was 739.2 people per square mile. There were 224 housing units at a density of 301.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 97. 09% White,1. 27% African American, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 55% of the population. 26. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.04. In the village, the population was out with 22. 0% under the age of 18,7. 3% from 18 to 24,24. 0% from 25 to 44,28. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 43 years, for every 100 females there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males, the median income for a household in the village was $39,231, and the median income for a family was $42,727. Males had an income of $34,306 versus $22,727 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,499, about 4. 4% of families and 8. 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. 8% of those under age 18 and 9. 8% of those age 65 or over. Herkimer County, NY Historical information about Middleville, NY The Newport History Center
13.
Herkimer County, New York
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Herkimer County is a county in the U. S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 64,519, the county was created in 1791 north of the Mohawk River out of part of Montgomery County. It is named after General Nicholas Herkimer, who died from wounds in 1777 after taking part in the Battle of Oriskany during the Revolutionary War. Herkimer County is part of the Utica-Rome, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, in 1791, Herkimer County was created as one of three counties split off from Montgomery as New York State was developed after the American Revolutionary War. Its area was larger than the present county, however. Suddenly the state was selling 5 million acres of land in upstate, central, in 1794, Onondaga County was split off from Herkimer County. This county was larger than the current Onondaga County, and included the present Cayuga, Cortland, in 1798, portions of Herkimer and Tioga counties were taken to form Chenango County. Another part of Herkimer was split off to form Oneida County and it was then larger than the current Oneida County, including the present Jefferson, Lewis, and part of Oswego counties. In 1802, parts of Herkimer, Clinton and Montgomery counties were combined to form the new St. Lawrence County, during the American Civil War, Herkimer contributed five companies to the 34th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, leading to the units nickname The Herkimer Regiment. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,458 square miles. Herkimer County is in central New York State, northwest of Albany, the northern part of the county is in the Adirondack Park. The Mohawk River flows across the part of the county. As of the census of 2000, there were 64,427 people,25,734 households, the population density was 46 people per square mile. There were 32,026 housing units at a density of 23 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 83% White,0. 51% Black or African American,0. 22% Native American,0. 41% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 18% from other races, and 0. 84% from two or more races. 0. 90% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 20. 6% were of Italian,16. 3% German,13. 9% Irish,9. 3% English,7. 7% Polish,6. 2% American and 5. 2% French ancestry according to Census 2000. 95. 2% spoke English,1. 2% Spanish and 1. 1% Italian as their first language,27. 60% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
14.
Numbered highways in New York
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The New York State Department of Transportation is responsible for the establishment and classification of a state highway network which includes Interstate Highways, U. S. Highways, and state routes. U. S. and Interstate Highways are classified as state routes in New York, however, as a result, there is apparent duplication between U. S. Routes, Interstate Highways and state routes. The New York state highway system is supplemented by the county route system. While neighboring New Jersey employs a statewide numbering system, no system exists in New York. Instead, each county numbers its highways independently of other counties, as a result, county routes typically change numbers when they cross county lines. In some cases, the highway and county highway systems overlap. More specifically, some portions of U. S, Routes and state routes in New York are signed as U. S. Routes or state routes but are maintained by the county that the lies within. These county-maintained segments also carry a county route designation that may or may not be posted alongside the U. S. or state designation, some state routes, such as New York State Route 148 in Niagara County, are entirely county-maintained. Highways maintained by the New York State Thruway Authority lack any signed numbers apart from Interstate Highway designations, there are no standard NYSDOT reference markers on any of the highways, instead, the Thruway Authority posts their own mileposts, which bear special Thruway codes. See the Thruway article for details, Transportation in New York List of New York State Bicycle Routes New York State Department of Transportation
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Parkways in New York
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A handful of other roads in the Hudson Valley and on Long Island are also known as parkways but are not part of the state system. The state parkway system introduced the concept of limited-access roads and these highways were not divided and allowed no driveway cuts, but did have intersections for some of the streets they crossed. The individual parkways vary widely in composition, some, such as the Sprain Brook Parkway, are functionally equivalent to a freeway, others, like Seven Lakes Drive, are a two-lane undivided surface road. The majority of parkways are located in downstate New York, where the parkway system originated in the early 20th century. The states parkway system originally began as a series of then-high-speed four-lane roads that were created to provide a way into, out of. The first section of this opened in 1908. Most of the roads have been replaced and redesigned to address higher speed requirements. In later sections north of New York City, the roadways were typically divided by a landscaped median and provided service areas along the way that offered fuel. Most are now maintained, if not owned, by NYSDOT outside New York City, today, the state parkways are for the most part equivalent to expressways and freeways built in other parts of the country, except for a few oddities. Second, because designers focused more on making routes scenic rather than efficient, the parkways are meandering, often built to follow a river, and so contain many turns. Finally, because most use low, decorative stone-arch overpasses that would trap trucks, commercial vehicles, trucks, some regions of New York have parkways that are not owned or maintained by a state agency
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New York State Route 168
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New York State Route 168 is an east–west state highway in southern Herkimer County, New York, in the United States. The highway runs for 14.32 miles through a rural area of Upstate New York. Along the way, it one state highway and crosses multiple creeks. The route was designated as part of Route 5, an unsigned legislative route, in 1908. In the 1930 renumbering of highways in New York, NY28 was realigned to follow a new alignment to the west while its former routing between Mohawk and Paines Hollow became NY168. The route was extended eastward to its current terminus at NY80 c. 1932, NY168 begins at a fork from NY28 in the village of Mohawk. NY168 immediately proceeds southward into the town of German Flatts, winding alongside Fulmer Creek, the route is going to pass through the dense wilderness of German Flatts, crossing past several residences hidden in the woods. NY168 leaves the wilderness, winding southwest past Casey Road. The route does not change much in the first several miles. NY168 bends eastward along Fulmer Creek, crossing through the mix of wilderness, the route crosses through the hamlet of Edicks and an intersection with Heath Road. The route becomes more residential through German Flatts, passing numerous residences. After CR68, NY168 winds southeast alongside the creek once again, after another bend, now to the east, NY168 enters the town of Little Falls and the hamlet of Paines Hollow, a small residential community where it intersects with NY167. After NY167, the route continues east through the town of Little Falls, bending southeast past multiple farms, in Stark, NY168 crosses southeast into the hamlet of Deck, a residential hamlet near the junction with Upper Deck Road. After CR189, NY168 turns eastward along a rural road through Stark. Paralleling several power lines, the route winds southeast through the wilderness of Stark. A short eastbound portion of NY168 appears near the intersection with Fiery Hill Road, continuing southeast, the dense wilderness returns until entering the hamlet of Starkville, where NY168 intersects with NY80. This intersection serves as the terminus of NY168. The highway connecting Mohawk to Paines Hollow was originally designated as part of Route 5 and it was improved to state highway standards by way of two separate projects assigned and completed during the 1910s
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New York State Route 170
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New York State Route 170 is a north–south state highway in Herkimer County, New York, in the United States. It runs from NY169 in the city of Little Falls to NY29 in the town of Fairfield and it has only one other junction with a signed state highway, that being NY 170A, its spur route in the town of Fairfield. NY170 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of highways in New York and has not been altered since. NY170 begins at an intersection with NY169 in the city of Little Falls, the route proceeds eastward through the north end of Little Falls along the two-lane East Monroe Street, traversing several blocks of homes until the intersection with Moreland Street. At Moreland Street, NY170 winds northward on a gradual bend up a hill west of Moreland Park, the route then gradually curves northwest, passing Holy Trinity Cemetery and an intersection with the western terminus of Burrell Road. NY170 passes a large complex in Little Falls before turning north past the Little Falls Municipal Golf Course, continuing north through Little Falls, the route intersects with Sabin Road and Dise Road at a four-way junction. Still in the town of Little Falls, NY170 crosses under power lines, crossing an intersection with Top Notch Road, at this intersection, the route crosses into the town of Fairfield, where two-lane rural roadway continues north, winding past several farms in Fairfield. The route soon intersects with the terminus of NY 170A, a spur route of NY170. At NY 170A, NY170 bends northwest, crossing past several farms, the surroundings of NY170 remain unchanged as the road continues northwest to an intersection with NY29 in Fairfield that serves as NY 170s north end. The origins of NY170 date back to the mid-1910s when the portion of the route outside of Little Falls was first brought up to highway standards. A contract to rebuild the road was awarded on July 29,1914, in the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, hundreds of state-maintained highways were assigned a posted route number for the first time. SH468 became part of NY170, which continued southwest to NY169 in Little Falls by way of locally maintained streets, an alternate route of NY170 through the town of Fairfield was designated as NY 170A by the following year. NY 170A is a 2. 95-mile spur connecting NY170 to the hamlet of Salisbury in Fairfield, the entire route is in Herkimer County
18.
State highway
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Depending on the state, state highway may be used for one meaning and state road or state route for the other. In some countries such as New Zealand, the state is used in its sense of a nation. By this meaning a state highway is a maintained and numbered by the national government rather than local authorities. Australias State Route system covers urban and inter-regional routes that are not included in the National Route or the National Highway systems and these routes are marked with a blue shield. Sometimes a state route may be formed when a national route is decommissioned. Most states and territories have introduced an alphanumeric numbering system. Brazil is another country that is divided into states and has state highways, canada is divided into provinces and territories, each of which maintains its own system of provincial or territorial highways. Canadas federal National Highway System is a dual system which includes the Trans-Canada Highway network. Italys Strade Statali extend for some 18,000 km, overseen by the Azienda Nazionale Autonoma delle Strade founded in 1946, State highways in India are numbered highways that are laid and maintained by state governments. Mexicos State Highway System is a system of urban and state routes constructed and maintained by each Mexican state, the main purpose of the state networks is to serve as a feeder system to the federal highway system. All states except the Federal District operate a road network, each state marks these routes with a white shield containing the abbreviated name of the state plus the route number. New Zealand state highways are national highways – the word state in this sense means government or public, New Zealands state highway system is a nationwide network of roads covering the North Island and the South Island. As of 2006, just under 100 roads have a State Highway designation, the NZ Transport Agency administers them. The speed limit for most state highways is 100 km/h, with reductions when one passes through a populated area. The highways in New Zealand were originally designated on a system, national and provincial, with national highways having a higher standard. Now all of them are state highways, and the network consists of SH1 running the length of main islands, SH 2–5 and 10–58 in the North Island, and SH 6–8. National and provincial highways are numbered north to south. State Highway 1 runs the length of both islands, local highways are the next important roads under the National highways
19.
Mohawk River
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The Mohawk River is a 149-mile-long river in the U. S. state of New York. It is the largest tributary of the Hudson River, the Mohawk flows into the Hudson in the Capital District, a few miles north of the city of Albany. The river is named for the Mohawk Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy and it is a major waterway in north-central New York. The river and its canal, the Erie Canal, connect the Hudson River and port of New York with the Great Lakes at Buffalo. The lower part of the Mohawk River has five permanent dams, nine movable dams, Schoharie Creek and West Canada Creek are the principal tributaries of the Mohawk River. Both of these tributaries have several significant dams including the Hinckley Dam on the West Canada, the Gilboa Dam, which was completed in 1926 as part of the New York City water supply system, is the subject of an active and aggressive rehabilitation project. The Mohawk Valley allowed easier passage than going over the mountains to the north or south of the valley, as a result, it was strategically important during the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War, and a number of important battles were fought here. The fertile Mohawk Valley also attracted early settlers, in the early nineteenth century water transport was a vital means of transporting both people and goods. A corporation was formed to build the Erie Canal off the Mohawk River to Lake Erie, the canal cut shipping costs to Lake Erie by 95%. It also simplified and reduced the difficulties of westward settler migration, the Mohawk Valley still plays an important role in transportation. Railroads followed the Water Level Route, as did major east-west roads such as Route 5, the Mohawk River Heritage Corridor Commission was created to preserve and promote the natural and historic assets of the Mohawk River. This commission was created by the NY State Legislature in 1997 to improve historic preservation along the river, the Mohawk watershed drains a large section of the Catskill Mountains, the Mohawk Valley proper, and a section of the southern Adirondack Mountains. All three regions have distinct geology, and the underlying rocks become progressively younger to the south. Overall, this part of New York is represented by lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks that overlie the Grenville-aged metamorphic rocks of the Adirondacks. In the watershed, these rocks are only significant in the headwaters of the West Canada Creek, much of the main trunk of the Mohawk River sits in Cambro-Ordovician carbonates and Middle Ordovician sandstones and shales. The southern tributaries are underlain by a sequence of Devonian limestones that are overlain by a thick sequence of sandstones and shale of the Catskill Delta. During the Pleistocene, the watershed was extensively modified by continental glaciation, as a result of glacial scour and deposition, the surficial deposits in much of the watershed are poorly sorted boulder- and clay-rich glacial till. During deglaciation, several glacial lakes left varved clay deposits, in the final stages of deglaciation, approximately 13,350 years ago, the catastrophic draining of Glacial Lake Iroquois, a pro-glacial lake, was through what would become the modern Mohawk Valley
20.
Erie Canal
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The Erie Canal is a canal in New York that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System. Originally, it ran about 363 miles from Albany, on the Hudson River, to Buffalo and it was built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. First proposed in the 1780s, then re-proposed in 1807, a survey was authorized, funded, proponents of the project gradually wore down opponents, its construction began in 1817. The canal has 35 numbered locks, plus the Federal Black Rock Lock, and it opened on October 26,1825. In a time when bulk goods were limited to pack animals and it was faster than carts pulled by draft animals, and cut transport costs by about 95%. The canal fostered a population surge in western New York and opened regions farther west to settlement and it was enlarged between 1834 and 1862. The canals peak year was 1855, when 33,000 commercial shipments took place. In 1918, the part of the canal was enlarged to become part of the New York State Barge Canal, which ran parallel to the eastern half of the Erie Canal. Mainly used by recreational watercraft since the retirement of the last large ship, the Day Peckinpaugh in 1994. This was not unique to the Americas, and the still exists in those parts of the world where muscle power provides a primary means of transportation within a region. An equally ancient solution was implemented in many cultures — things in the water weighed far less, passengers and freight had to travel overland, a journey made more difficult by the rough condition of the roads. In 1800, it typically took 2.5 weeks to travel overland from New York to Cleveland, the principal exportable product of the Ohio Valley was grain, which was a high-volume, low-priced commodity, bolstered by supplies from the coast. Frequently it was not worth the cost of transporting it to far-away population centers and this was a factor leading to farmers in the west turning their grains into whiskey for easier transport and higher sales, and later the Whiskey Rebellion. In time, projects were devised in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, the successes of the Canal du Midi in France, Bridgewater Canal in Britain, and Eiderkanal in Denmark spurred on what was called in Britain canal mania. Two men, Gouverneur Morris and Elkanah Watson, were proponents of a canal along the Mohawk River. Their efforts led to the creation of the Western and Northern Inland Lock Navigation Companies in 1792, by 1788, Washingtons Potomac Company was successful in constructing five locks which took boats 4,500 feet past the Potomac Great Falls. However, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal superseded the Potomac Canal in 1823, christopher Colles surveyed the Mohawk Valley, and made a presentation to the New York state legislature in 1784, proposing a shorter canal from Lake Ontario. The proposal drew attention and some action, but was never implemented, jesse Hawley finally got the canal built
21.
CSX Transportation
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CSX Transportation is a Class I railroad in the United States. The main subsidiary of the CSX Corporation, the railroad is headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, CSX operates one of the three Class I railroads serving most of the East Coast, the other two being the Norfolk Southern Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway. It also serves the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, together CSX and Norfolk Southern Railway have a duopoly over all east-west freight rail traffic east of the Mississippi River. As of October 1,2014, CSXs total public stock value was slightly over $32 billion, CSX Transportation was formed on July 1,1986, by combining the Chessie System and Seaboard System Railroad. The origin of the Chessie System was the former Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, which had merged with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, on June 6,1998, the STB approved the CSX–NS application and set August 22,1998, as the effective date of its decision. CSX acquired 42 percent of Conrails assets, and NS received the remaining 58 percent, as a result of the transaction, CSXs rail operations grew to include some 3,800 miles of the Conrail system. CSX began operating its trains on its portion of the Conrail network on June 1,1999, CSX now serves much of the eastern U. S. with a few routes into nearby Canadian cities. The name came about during merger talks between Chessie System, Inc. and Seaboard System Railroad, Inc. commonly called Chessie, the company chairmen said it was important for the new name to include neither of those names because it was a partnership. Employees were asked for suggestions, most of which consisted of combinations of the initials, at the same time a temporary shorthand name was needed for discussions with the Interstate Commerce Commission. CSC was chosen but belonged to a company in Virginia. The lawyers decided to use CSX, and the name stuck, in the public announcement, it was said that CSX is singularly appropriate. C can stand for Chessie, S for Seaboard, and X, however, in the August 9,2016 article on the Railway Age website stated that. And the X was for Consolidated, the T had to be added to CSX when used as a reporting mark because reporting marks that end in X means that the car is owned by a leasing company or private car owner. Its current slogan, How Tomorrow Moves, appeared in 2008, in 2014 Canadian Pacific Railway approached CSX with an offer to merge the two companies, but CSX declined and in 2015 Canadian Pacific made an attempt to purchase and merge with Norfolk Southern. In 2017 CSX announced Hunter Harrison as its new chief executive, CSX added 5 new directors to their board, including Harrison and Mantle Ridge founder Paul Hilal. Mantle Ridge owns 4.9 percent of CSX, CSX operates two regions of five divisions each, the Northern, based in Calumet City, Illinois, and Southern, based in Jacksonville, Florida. The CEO of CSX is Hunter Harrison as of Feb 2017, o823, Q740 and Q741, Q743, and Q745—which consists of Tropicana cars that carry fresh orange juice between Bradenton, Florida, and the Greenville section of Jersey City, New Jersey. The train also runs from Bradenton to Fort Pierce, Florida, in the 21st century, the Juice Train has been studied as a model of efficient rail transportation that can compete with trucks and other modes in the perishable-goods trade
22.
Dual carriageway
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A dual carriageway is a class of highway with carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation. Roads with two or more carriageways which are designed to higher standards with controlled access are generally classed as motorways, freeways, a road without a central reservation is a single carriageway regardless of the number of lanes. Dual carriageways have improved road traffic safety over single carriageways and typically have speed limits as a result. In some places, express lanes and local/collector lanes are used within a system to provide more capacity. A very early example of a dual carriageway was the Via Portuensis, in 1907 the Long Island Motor Parkway opened, and roughly 20% of it featured a semi-dual-carriageway design. The New York City Belt Parkway system, which was built between 1907 and 1934, also pioneered the same design, however the majority of it featured concrete or brick railings as lane dividers instead of grass medians. In 1924 the first Italian autostrada was opened running 55 km from Milan to Varese and it featured a broad road bed and did not feature lane dividers except near cities and through the mountains. The London end of the Great West Road became Britains first dual carriageway when it was opened in 1925 by King George V, in 1927 the Rome bypass was opened. It ran 92 km bypassing Rome to the east, almost the entire length featured a dual-carriageway design. In the early 1930s it was extended all the way to Naples. Most of the routing was destroyed by the Allies in the World War II. By 1930 several US and European cities had built dual-carriageway highways, in 1932 the first German autobahn opened between Cologne and Bonn. It ran 21 km and became a precedent for future highways, although it, like the first autostrada, did not feature a dual-carriageway design, it inspired the mass construction of future high-speed roadways. During the 1930s, Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union began construction of a network of dual carriageway expressways. By 1942, Germany had over 3,200 km of dual carriageway roads, Italy had nearly 1,300 km, opened to traffic in 1940, the 160-mile-long Pennsylvania Turnpike was the first rural dual carriageway built in the United States. By 1955 several states had built dual carriageway freeways and turnpikes, completed in 1994, the major highway system links all the major cities of the United States. In the UK, although the dual carriageway applies to any road with physically separated lanes. Such major dual carriageways usually have two lanes of traffic in each direction, with the lane nearest the centre being reserved for overtaking, occasionally dual carriageways have only one lane in each direction, or more than two lanes each way
23.
Concurrency (road)
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A concurrency in a road network is an instance of one physical road bearing two or more different highway, motorway, or other route numbers. When two freeways share the same right-of-way, it is called a common section or commons. Other terminology for a concurrency includes overlap, coincidence, duplex, triplex, multiplex, concurrent numbering can become very common in countries that allow it. In some countries, however, concurrent numbering is avoided by posting only one number on road signs. Criticism of concurrencies include environmental intrusion, as well as being considered a factor in road accidents, most concurrencies are simply a combination of two route numbers on the same physical road. This is often advantageous as well as economically advantageous, it may be better for two route numbers to be combined into one along riverways or through mountain valleys. Some nations allow for concurrencies to occur, however, some nations specifically do not allow it to happen, in those nations which do permit concurrencies, it can become very common. In these countries, there are a variety of concurrences which can occur, an example of this is the concurrency of I-70 and I-76 on the Pennsylvania Turnpike in western Pennsylvania. A triple Interstate concurrency is found north of Madison, Wisconsin, with I-39, I-90, Wisconsin has another triple Interstate concurrency along the five-mile section of I-41, I-43, and I-894 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The concurrency of I-41 and I-43 on this roadway is an example of a wrong-way concurrency, the longest Interstate highway concurrency is I-80 and I-90 for 265 miles across Indiana and Ohio. There are examples of eight-way concurrencies, I-465 around Indianapolis and Georgia State Route 10 Loop around downtown Athens, Georgia. Portions of the 53-mile I-465 overlap with I-74, US31, US36, US40, US52, US421, SR37, seven of the eight other designations overlap between exits 46 and 47 to create an eight-way concurrency. In the United States, concurrencies are simply marked by placing signs for both routes on the same or adjacent posts, the federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices prescribes that when mounting these adjacent signs together that the numbers will be arranged vertically or horizontally in order of precedence. The order to be used is Interstate Highways, U. S. Highways, state highways, and finally county roads, several states do not officially have any concurrencies, instead officially ending routes on each side of one. There are several circumstances where unusual concurrencies exist along state borders, one example occurs along the Oklahoma–Arkansas state line. At the northern end of this border Oklahoma State Highway 20 runs concurrently with Arkansas Highway 43, concurrencies are also found in Canada. In Manitoba, the Trans-Canada Highway from Winnipeg to Portage la Prairie is concurrently signed with Yellowhead Highway, in Ontario, the Queen Elizabeth Way and Highway 403 run concurrently between Burlington and Oakville, forming the provinces only concurrency between two 400-series highways. In the United Kingdom, routes do not run concurrently with others, where this would normally occur, the roadway takes the number of only one of the routes, while the other routes are considered to have a gap and are signed in brackets
24.
Mobil
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Mobil, previously known as the Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, is a major American oil company which merged with Exxon in 1999 to form a parent company called ExxonMobil. It was previously one of the Seven Sisters which dominated the petroleum industry from the mid-1940s until the 1970s. Today, Mobil continues as a brand name within the combined company. Following the break-up of Standard Oil in 1911, the Standard Oil Company of New York, or Socony, was founded, in 1920, the company registered the name Mobiloil as a trademark. Henry Clay Folger was head of the company until 1923, when he was succeeded by Herbert L. Pratt, Socony continued to sponsor the show when it moved to CBS in 1934. In 1935, it became the Socony Sketchbook, with Christopher Morley, in 1931, Socony merged with Vacuum Oil to form Socony-Vacuum. In 1933, Socony-Vacuum and Jersey Standard merged their interests in the Far East into a 50–50 joint venture, standard-Vacuum Oil Co. or Stanvac, operated in 50 countries, including New Zealand, China, and the region of East Africa, before it was dissolved in 1962. In 1963, it changed its name from Mobilgas to simply Mobil. To celebrate its 100th anniversary in 1966, Socony was dropped from the corporate name, the Economy Run originated with the Gilmore Oil Company of California in 1936 and later became the Mobilgas Economy Run, and still later the Mobil Economy Run. The cars driven in the run were fueled with Mobil gasoline. The vehicles in class that achieved the highest fuel economy numbers were awarded the coveted title as the Mobilgas Economy Run winner. During American involvement in World War II, April 29,1942, Soconys unescorted tanker, named Mobiloil, was sunk by a German U-boat, socony-Mobil ranked 86th among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts. Through the years, Mobil was among the largest sellers of gasoline and motor oils in the United States and even held the top spot during the 1940s and much of the 1950s. In 1954, Mobil introduced a new and improved Mobilgas Special in response to trends toward new automobiles powered by engines that demanded higher and higher octane gasolines. Later Mobil campaigns advertised Mobilgas as the New Car Gasoline following extensive testing during the annual Mobilgas Economy Run, during the early 1970s, Mobil ran a TV commercial featuring a character known as Mr. At the end of the 1980s Mobil sold its stations in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark to Norsk Hydro. William P. Tavoulareas was President of Mobil Corporation until succeeded by Allen E. Murray in 1984, Mobil moved its headquarters from 150 East 42nd Street, New York City to Fairfax County, Virginia, in 1987. In 1998, Mobil and Exxon agreed on a merger to create ExxonMobil, lou Noto was Chairman of Mobil at the time of the merger, and Walter Arnheim was treasurer
25.
Google
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Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products. These include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, software, Google was founded in 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph. D. students at Stanford University, in California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares, and they incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4,1998. An initial public offering took place on August 19,2004, in August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabets leading subsidiary, will continue to be the company for Alphabets Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Googles core search engine. The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, the Google Chrome web browser, and Chrome OS, the new hardware chief, Rick Osterloh, stated, a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier, alexa, a company that monitors commercial web traffic, lists Google. com as the most visited website in the world. Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites, including YouTube, Googles mission statement, from the outset, was to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful, and its unofficial slogan was Dont be evil. In October 2015, the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase Do the right thing, Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California. They called this new technology PageRank, it determined a websites relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine BackRub, because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site. Originally, Google ran under Stanford Universitys website, with the domains google. stanford. edu, the domain name for Google was registered on September 15,1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4,1998. It was based in the garage of a friend in Menlo Park, craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee. The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was incorporated. At least three other investors invested in 1998, Amazon. com founder Jeff Bezos, Stanford University computer science professor David Cheriton. Author Ken Auletta claims that each invested $250,000, early in 1999, Brin and Page decided they wanted to sell Google to Excite. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million, vinod Khosla, one of Excites venture capitalists, talked the duo down to $750,000, but Bell still rejected it. Googles initial public offering took place five years later, on August 19,2004, at that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for 20 years, until the year 2024
26.
Google Maps
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Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google. It offers satellite imagery, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets, real-time traffic conditions, Google maps began as a C++ desktop program designed by Lars and Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen at Where 2 Technologies. In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google, which converted it into a web application, after additional acquisitions of a geospatial data visualization company and a realtime traffic analyzer, Google Maps was launched in February 2005. The services front end utilizes JavaScript, XML, and Ajax, Google Maps offers an API that allows maps to be embedded on third-party websites, and offers a locator for urban businesses and other organizations in numerous countries around the world. Google Map Maker allows users to expand and update the services mapping worldwide. Much of the satellite imagery is no more than three years old and is updated on a regular basis. Google Maps uses a variant of the Mercator projection. The current redesigned version of the application was made available in 2013. Google Maps for mobile was released in September 2008 and features GPS turn-by-turn navigation, in August 2013, it was determined to be the worlds most popular app for smartphones, with over 54% of global smartphone owners using it at least once. In 2012, Google reported having over 7,100 employees, Google Maps provides a route planner under Get Directions. Up to four modes of transportation are available depending on the area, driving, public transit, walking, in combination with Google Street View, issues such as parking, turning lanes, and one-way streets can be viewed before traveling. China mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, Jordan, Lebanon, only public transit directions are provided for South Korea. All countries of mainland North and Central America are covered contiguously, all countries of mainland South America are covered. All countries including Trinidad and Tobago* are treated contiguously, all inhabited countries and territories in the Caribbean are covered, though in general there are no connections between islands. Like many other Google web applications, Google Maps uses JavaScript extensively, as the user drags the map, the grid squares are downloaded from the server and inserted into the page. When a user searches for a business, the results are downloaded in the background for insertion into the panel and map. Locations are drawn dynamically by positioning a red pin on top of the map images, a hidden IFrame with form submission is used because it preserves browser history. The site also uses JSON for data rather than XML
27.
Albany, New York
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Albany is the capital of the U. S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County. Roughly 150 miles north of New York City, Albany developed on the west bank of the Hudson River, the population of the City of Albany was 97,856 according to the 2010 census. With a Census-estimated population of 98,4242013, the Capital District is the third-most populous metropolitan region in the state and 38th in the United States. Fortune 500 companies that have offices in Albany include American Express, J. P. Morgan and Chase, Merrill Lynch, General Electric, Verizon, Goldman Sachs, International Paper, and Key Bank. In the 21st century, the Capital District has emerged as an anchor of Tech Valley. This was the first European settlement in the state, settled by Dutch colonists who built Fort Nassau for fur trading in 1614 and they formed successful relations with both the Mahican and the Mohawk peoples, two major Native American nations in the region. The fur trade attracted settlers who founded a village called Beverwijck near Fort Orange, in 1664 the English took over the Dutch settlements, renaming the city as Albany, in honor of the then Duke of Albany, the future James II of England and James VII of Scotland. The city was chartered in 1686 under English rule. It became the capital of New York State in 1797, following the United States gaining independence in the American Revolutionary War, Albany is one of the oldest surviving settlements of the original British thirteen colonies, and the longest continuously chartered city in the United States. Its charter is possibly the longest-running instrument of government in the Western Hemisphere. During the late 18th century and throughout most of the 19th, Albany was a center of trade, Albanys main exports at the time were beer, lumber, published works, and ironworks. Beginning in 1810, Albany was one of the ten most populous cities in the United States, in the 20th century, the city opened one of the first commercial airports in the world, the precursor of todays Albany International Airport. During the 1920s a powerful political machine controlled by the Democratic Party arose in the state capital and it marshalled the power of immigrants and their descendants in both cities. In the early 21st century, Albany has experienced growth in the high-technology industry, Albany has been a center of higher education for over a century, with much of the remainder of its economy dependent on state government and health care services. The city has rebounded from the decline of the 1970s and 1980s. Albany is known for its history, commerce, culture, architecture. Albany won the All-America City Award in both 1991 and 2009, Albany is one of the oldest surviving European settlements from the original thirteen colonies and the longest continuously chartered city in the United States. The Hudson River area was inhabited by Algonquian-speaking Mohican, who called it Pempotowwuthut-Muhhcanneuw
28.
Rand McNally
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Rand McNally is an American technology and publishing company that provides mapping, software and hardware for the consumer electronics, commercial transportation and education markets. The company is headquartered in the Chicago suburb of Skokie, Illinois, with a center in Richmond. In 1856, William Rand opened a shop in Chicago. The shop did big business with the forerunner of the Chicago Tribune, in 1868, the two men established Rand McNally & Co. and bought the Tribunes printing business. The company initially focused on printing tickets and timetables for Chicagos booming railroad industry, in 1870, the company expanded into printing business directories and an illustrated newspaper, the Peoples Weekly. The first Rand McNally map, created using a new cost-saving wax engraving method, Rand McNally became an incorporated business in 1873, with Rand as its president and McNally as vice president. The Business Atlas, containing maps and data pertinent to business planning, was first published in 1876, the atlas is still updated today, now titled the Commercial Atlas & Marketing Guide. The Trade Book department was established in 1877, publishing such titles as The Locust Plague in the United States, Rand McNally began publishing educational maps in 1880 with its first line of maps, globes, and geography textbooks, soon followed by a world atlas. Also in 1894, the opened an office in New York City headed by Caleb S. Hammond. Rand McNally published its first road map, the New Automobile Road Map of New York City & Vicinity, in 1910, the company acquired the line of Photo-Auto Guides from G. S. Chapin, which provided photographs of routes and intersections with directions. Andrew McNally II personally took photos on his honeymoon for the Chicago-to-Milwaukee edition, the company continued to expand its book publishing business, with best-selling childrens books such as The Real Mother Goose in 1916 and Kon-Tiki in 1950. Rand McNally was the first major map publisher to embrace a system of numbered highways, one of its cartographers, John Brink, invented a system that was first published in 1917 on a map of Peoria, Illinois. In addition to creating maps with numbered roads, Rand McNally also erected many of the actual roadside highway signs and this system was subsequently adopted by state and federal highway authorities. The oil industry quickly developed an interest in maps, enticing Americans to explore. In 1920, Rand McNally began publishing road maps for the Gulf Oil Company, by 1930, Rand McNally had two major road map competitors, General Drafting and Gousha, the latter of which was founded by a former Rand McNally sales representative. The Rand McNally Auto Chum, later to become the ubiquitous Rand McNally Road Atlas, the first full-color edition was published in 1960 and in 1993, it became fully digitized. The Goodes School Atlas, named for its first editor, Dr. J. Paul Goode, was published in 1923 and it became a standard text for high school and college geography curricula. Later retitled Goodes World Atlas, it is now in its 22nd edition, the first Rand McNally Travel Store was opened in New York City in 1937
29.
Shell Oil Company
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Shell Oil Company is the United States-based subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell, a multinational oil major of Anglo-Dutch origins, which is amongst the largest oil companies in the world. Approximately 22,000 Shell employees are based in the U. S, the U. S. head office is in Houston, Texas. Shell is the leader through approximately 25,000 Shell-branded gas stations in the U. S. which also serve as Shells most visible public presence. At its gas stations Shell provides diesel fuel, gasoline and LPG, Shell products include oils, fuels, and car services as well as exploration, production, and refining of petroleum products. The Shell Oil Refinery in Martinez, California, the first Shell refinery in the United States, supplies Shell, Shell gasolines previously included the RU2000 and SU2000 lines but they have been superseded by the V-Power line. In 1997, Shell and Texaco entered into two refining/marketing joint ventures, one combined their Midwestern and Western operations and was known as Equilon. The other, known as Motiva, combined the Eastern and Gulf Coast operations of Shell Oil and Star Enterprise, after Texaco merged with Chevron in 2001, Shell purchased Texacos shares in the joint ventures. In the year 2016, Shell Nederland Raffinaderij BV said that it has started a new unit at the large Pernis refinery in Rotterdam. Until the mid-1980s Shells business in the United States was substantially independent, limited direct involvement from the main office in The Hague, Netherlands and having its stock Shell Oil traded on the New York Stock Exchange were factors.7 billion. Despite the acquisition, however, Shell Oil remained an independent business. This was due in part to legal reasons as Royal Dutch Shell feared that there could be onerous liability problems if a closer control of Shell Oils affairs was exercised by the parent company. One consequence of independence was that the Shell logo used in the U. S. was slightly different from that used in the rest of the world. In the 1980s Shell Oils independence began to erode as the parent company took a more hands-on approach in running the business. The logo used in the United States is the same as used elsewhere since June 1,1998. Aera Energy —joint venture with ExxonMobil operating in California, Motiva Enterprises —joint venture with Saudi Refining. Shell Development Emeryville —research facility that operated from 1928–1966 in California, pennzoil Shell Puget Sound Refinery, Anacortes, Washington, was fined $291,000 from 2006 to 2010 for violations of the Clean Air Act making it the second most-fined violator in the Pacific Northwest. As of 2011, it was listed as high priority violator since 2008, in 2008, a lawsuit was filed against Shell Oil Company for alleged Clean Air Act violation. Shell Deer Park facility,20 miles east of Houston, was the nations eighth-largest oil refinery, the facility was also the second largest source of air pollution in Harris County, which ranked among the lowest in the nation in several measures of air quality
NY 5S in Danube
I-90 / New York Thruway in Danube
NY 5 / NY 167 in Little Falls
NY 28 / NY 29 in Middleville
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