Nick Holonyak
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Nick Holonyak Jr. was an American electronics engineer. He is noted particularly for his 1962 invention and first demonstration of a semiconductor laser diode that emitted visible light. This device w
Holonyak in 2002
The former General Electric laboratory near Syracuse, New York, where Holonyak demonstrated red light from a diode laser and light-emitting diode in 1962.
John Bardeen
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John Bardeen was an American physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for their invention of the transis
Nick Holonyak
…earned his bachelor's (1950), master's (1951), and doctoral (1954) degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Illinois. Holonyak was John Bardeen's first doctoral student there. In 1954, Holonyak went to Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he worked on silicon-based electronic devices. From 1955…
Bardeen in 1956
Bardeen (left), William Shockley, and Walter Brattain at Bell Labs, 1948
A replica of the first transistor, built in 1997 by Lucent Technologies to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the invention of the point-contact transistor
A commemorative plaque at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign remembering John Bardeen and the theory of superconductivity