1.
Albion (wherry)
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Built in 1898, she served as a trading vessel and then as a lighter until being acquired by the Norfolk Wherry Trust for restoration and preservation in 1949. Since 1981 she has been moored at the Norfolk Wherry Trust wherry base at Womack Water near Ludham and she is listed on the register of National Historic Ships in the United Kingdom as part of the National Historic Fleet. Albions construction is unique amongst Norfolk Wherries as she is carvel built whereas all others are clinker built and she is steered from a small aft well by rudder and tiller. Albions registered tonnage is 22.78 and her length overall is 65 ft with a 58 ft hull and her beam is 15 ft and she draws 4 ft 6 in. Her mast is 42 feet tall and her sail area is 1,200 square feet. Albion was built by William Billy Brighton at his shipyard on Lake Lothing between Oulton Broad and Lowestoft for W. D. and A. E. Walker and she cost £455 to build and was launched in October 1898 in a livery of green with a brown oxide top. Her crew consisted a man and a boy, Albion was nearly lost in January 1929 when she sank near Great Yarmouth Bridge but was raised 3 days later. She had a mishap in 1931 when she lost her mast but had it replaced with that of the wherry Sirius. Albion was allocated the United Kingdom Official Number 148735, although designed to carry 36 long tons of cargo, she is recorded as carrying 41 long tons of cargo on one occasion. In normal service, Albion made 3 to 5 knots, with 7 to 8 knots being considered her normal maximum and it is rumoured that she achieved 9 to 10 knots in a race on Breydon Water when her mast snapped. She continued to ply as a trading wherry, however, after sinking a further two times, it was recognised that this was economically unsustainable and in 1961 the Trust decided that Albion would never carry dirty cargo again. In 2010, Albion was awarded the position by National Historic Ships in their annual Flagship competition. An award of £250 was made to the Norfolk Wherry Trust in recognition of this, Albion flew a pennant during the 2010 season denoting this achievement. Norfolk Broads wherries The Norfolk Wherry Trust – Home of the Albion Albion on the Register of Historic Vessels
2.
Ludham
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Ludham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, in The Broads, at the end of a dyke leading to Womack Water and flowing into the River Thurne. It lies 1.5 miles to the East of Ludham Bridge and it covers an area of 12.18 km2 and had a population of 1,301 in 582 households at the 2001 census, the population reducing to 1,278 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of government, it falls within the district of North Norfolk. It is part of the Ludham - Potter Heigham NNR, a nature reserve. The village gave its name to a Ham class minesweeper, HMS Ludham and also, in geology and it also effectively gives its name to the preceding age/underlying stage known as the Pre-Ludhamian. Ludham was transferred from No.12 Group RAF to the Admiralty on 24 August 1944, RNAS Ludham was commissioned as HMS Flycatcher, RNAS Ludham on 4 September under the command of the Senior Officer Mobile Naval Airfields Organisation. At Ludham the MNAO assembled and despatched the first five Mobile Naval Air Bases, Flycatcher moved from Ludham to RAF Middle Wallop which was more advantageous to shipping the assembled units to the Far East. In return the RAF took Ludham on again, Ludham was one of the film locations for the 1954 movie Conflict of Wings starring John Gregson and Muriel Pavlow. Adapted from the novel by Don Sharp, the takes place in a Norfolk country village where the locals decide to fight against a proposal to build a rocket range on a bird sanctuary. Filming took place in the centre and shows many buildings
3.
Hathor (wherry)
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Hathor is one of only six surviving Norfolk pleasure wherries to be found on the Norfolk Broads. Like two of the other surviving wherries, Maud and Solace, she was built by D. S, Hathor has been listed on the register of National Historic Ships in the United Kingdom since 1996, and is part of the National Historic Fleet. Hathor was built in 1905 for Ethel and Helen Colman, daughters of Jeremiah Colman, Hathor remained in the Colman/Boardman family until 1954 when she was sold to Claud Hamilton who owned her for almost 10 years. She was then sold on and used as a houseboat until 1985 when the Wherry Yacht Charter Trust purchased her in a dilapidated state and undertook an extensive two-year restoration. As of 2010, Hathor is in sailing order but is currently laid-up at Wroxham awaiting an out-of-the-water survey, the repair and refit are due to be finished in 2013. Her interior has an Egyptian theme designed by Norwich architect Edward Boardman and she is 60 feet 0 inches long, with a beam of 14 feet 2 inches and a draught of 4 feet 0 inches. She is assessed as 23.01 GT, Hathor has not been fitted with an engine and relies on wind and quanting for propulsion. Wherry Yacht Charter Charitable Trust Boats of the Norfolk Broads
4.
River Bure
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The River Bure is a river in the county of Norfolk, England, most of it in The Broads. The Bure rises near Melton Constable,11 miles upstream of Aylsham, nowadays, the head of navigation is 10 miles downstream at Coltishall Bridge. It has two tributaries, the River Thurne and the River Ant. There is also Muck Fleet which connects the Trinity Broads to the main network and it was stated at the time that the river could be improved to enable boats to reach the house. Vessels could not travel beyond Coltishall, and so Aylsham was served by carts, either loaded from wherries at Coltishall and carried north, or loaded from boats at Cromer, plans to extend the limit of navigation were drawn up in 1773. An Act of Parliament was obtained on 7 April 1773, authorising improvements from Coltishall to Aylsham, some £1,500 had already been raised or promised, and the balance was to be funded by subscriptions. Adey acted as clerk to the Bure Commissioners, while John Smith was appointed as engineer, work began on 29 June 1774, and the lock and cut at Coltishall were completed by 16 March 1775, when the first boat used the lock. Progress after that was slow, for in October 1777 Smith announced that he had spent £3,600 so far and it appears that the money had run out, but Smith was persuaded to carry on after 18 traders and landowners provided loans of between £50 and £150. John Green of Wroxham was appointed as joint engineer in March 1779, five locks were provided, at Aylsham, Burgh-near-Aylsham mill, Oxnead mill, Buxton mill at Oxnead Lamas and Coltishall. Small wherries, capable of carrying 13 tons, were used for the carriage of flour, agricultural produce, coal and timber. A brickyard at Oxnead was also served by the boats, while below Coltishall, the marl trade continued until 1870, but the dikes remain, in an area called Little Switzerland. At each of the mills, cuts were made to accommodate the locks, boats could also get from there to Aylsham mill pool, which enabled them to deliver grain and carry flour away. The navigation was reasonably successful until 1880, when railway competition arrived, in the form of the East Norfolk Railway, the East Norfolk later became part of the Great Eastern Railway. Further competition arrived in 1883, when the Eastern and Midlands Railway opened a station near the basin on its line from Melton Constable to North Walsham. Despite this, wherries were using the navigation until 1912, when a flood damaged the locks. Assessment of the damage suggested that repairs would cost £4,000, which the Commissioners could not find and this act was formalised in 1928, when it was officially abandoned. Oxnead Lamas lock was filled in, in 1933, but the structures remain. Bure Valley Railway, a heritage railway Bure Valley Path Bure Marshes NNR, a nature reserve Bure
5.
Horning
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Horning is an ancient village and parish in the English county of Norfolk. It covers an area of 11 km2 and had a population of 1,033 in the 2001 census, Horning parish lies on the northern bank of the River Bure south of the River Thurne and is located in The Broads National Park. For the purposes of government, it falls within the district of North Norfolk, although areas alongside the rivers. The name Horning means the folk who live on the ground between the rivers. Its history dates back to 1020 when the manor was given by King Canute to the newly founded Abbey of St. Benet at Hulme, the Bishop of Norwich, as Abbot of St. Benets, is still Lord of the Manor. Horning Parish extends along the bank of the River Bure to Thurne Mouth. St. Benets Abbey is a Grade I listed building, the importance of the Abbey as a medieval place of pilgrimage is reflected in the medieval finds of two papal seals, that would have secured documents from the Pope. The Church of St. Benedict lies half a mile east of the village, Horning is situated on the River Bure between Wroxham and Ludham. A ferry plied across the river for more than 1,000 years, Horning has an entry in the Domesday Book, noted under the name Horningam. In 1086, Horning had 18 villagers,11 smallholders,4 cattle,10 pigs,360 sheep, archaeologists have found ancient earthworks in Horning, which run alongside the River Bure, possibly dating to the early Saxon period. The earliest ancient monument is a Bronze Age ring ditch and possible burial pit, neolithic and Bronze Age artefacts have also been found. The village of Horning is a popular tourist destination within the Norfolk Broads. The village lies on the bank of the River Bure. Horning is picturesque, and described as the prettiest village on the broads, the sights to see are, the River Bure from the landing stages, Lower Street, St. Benedicts Church and many properties with thatched roofs. Following Lower Street to the east, leads to the school, marina, leisure centre, church, North of Horning are the broads of Barton, Alderfen and Burntfen, and village of Neatishead. West is the area of Hoveton & Wroxham. East lies the quaint village of Ludham, to the south, across the river via the ferry, are Bure Marshes and village of Woodbastwick. Adjacent to the ferry, The Ferry Inn reopened in 2010 after a period of closure, most landed in the local marshes but one hit the ferry and one hit the Inn, where 21 of the 24 people in the pub at the time were killed
6.
Boat
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A boat is a watercraft of a large range of sizes designed to float, plane, work or travel on water. Small boats are found on inland waterways or in protected coastal areas. However, boats such as the whaleboat were designed for operation from a ship in an offshore environment, in naval terms, a boat is a vessel small enough to be carried aboard another vessel. Another less restrictive definition is a vessel that can be lifted out of the water, some definitions do not make a distinction in size, as bulk freighters 1,000 feet long on the Great Lakes are called oreboats. For reasons of tradition, submarines are usually referred to as boats rather than ships, regardless of their size. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on their size, shape. Boats have a variety of shapes, sizes and construction methods due to their intended purpose. Canoe-type boats have used since prehistoric times and various versions are used throughout the world for transportation. Fishing boats vary widely in style partly to local conditions. Pleasure boats include ski boats, pontoon boats, and sailboats, house boats may be used for vacationing or long-term housing. Small boats can provide transport or convey cargo to and from large ships, lifeboats have rescue and safety functions. Boats can be powered by power, wind power and motor power. Dugouts are the oldest type of boats found by archaeologists, the earliest boats are thought to have been logboats, and the oldest boats found by archaeological excavation date from around 7, 000–10,000 years ago. The oldest recovered boat in the world is the Pesse canoe and this canoe is exhibited in the Drents Museum in Assen, Netherlands. Other very old dugout boats have also been recovered, rafts have operated for at least 8,000 years. A7, 000-year-old seagoing reed boat has been found in Kuwait, boats were used between 4000 and 3000 BC in Sumer, ancient Egypt and in the Indian Ocean. Boats played an important role in the commerce between the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia, evidence of varying models of boats has also been discovered at various Indus Valley archaeological sites. Uru craft originate in Beypore, a village in south Calicut, Kerala and this type of mammoth wooden ship was constructed using teak, without any iron, and had a transport capacity of 400 tonnes
7.
The Broads
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The Broads are a network of mostly navigable rivers and lakes in the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. The lakes, known locally as broads, were formed by the flooding of peat workings, the Broads, and some surrounding land, were constituted as a special area with a level of protection equivalent to a national park by the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act 1988. The Broads Authority, a statutory authority responsible for managing the area. The total area is 303 square kilometres, most of which is in Norfolk, there are seven rivers and 63 broads, mostly less than 4 metres deep. Thirteen broads are generally open to navigation, with a further three having navigable channels, some broads have navigation restrictions imposed on them in autumn and winter. Although the terms Norfolk Broads and Suffolk Broads are used to specific areas within the two counties respectively, the whole area is frequently referred to as the Norfolk Broads. Because of its navigation role the Broads Authority was established under its own legislation on 1 April 1989, the Broads Authority Act 2009, which was promoted through Parliament by the authority, is intended to improve public safety on the water. This followed a consultation which resulted in support from 79% of consultees, including unanimous support from the 14 UK national parks. Defra, the Government department responsible for the parks, also expressed it was content that the Authority would make its own decision on the matter. In response to this the Broads Authority has stated that its three purposes will remain in balance and that the branding is simply for marketing the National Park qualities of the Broads. The Broads are administered by the Broads Authority, Special legislation gives the navigation of the waterways equal status with the conservation and public enjoyment of the area. For many years the known as broads were regarded as natural features of the landscape. It was only in the 1960s that Dr Joyce Lambert proved that they were artificial features, in the Middle Ages the local monasteries began to excavate the peatlands as a turbary business, selling fuel to Norwich and Great Yarmouth. Norwich Cathedral took 320,000 tonnes of peat a year, then the sea levels began to rise, and the pits began to flood. Despite the construction of windpumps and dykes, the continued and resulted in the typical Broads landscape of today, with its reedbeds, grazing marshes. Various attempts were made to extend the navigable rivers, the longest-lasting was on the River Waveney, where an Act of Parliament passed on 17 March 1670 authorised improvements which included three locks, at Geldeston, Ellingham and Wainford. The head of navigation became a new staithe at Bungay, the new section was a private navigation which was not controlled by the Yarmouth Haven and Pier Commissioners, who had responsibility for the rest of the Broadland rivers. The next attempt was to extend navigation on the River Bure from Coltishall to Aylsham, five locks were built, to bypass mills, at Coltishall, Oxnead Lamas, Oxnead, Burgh and Aylsham
8.
Norfolk
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Norfolk /ˈnɔːrfək/ is a county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the west and north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea and, to the north-west, The Wash. With an area of 2,074 square miles and a population of 859,400, of the countys population, 40% live in four major built up areas, Norwich, Great Yarmouth, Kings Lynn and Thetford. The Broads is a network of rivers and lakes in the east of the county, the area is not a National Park although it is marketed as such. It has similar status to a park, and is protected by the Broads Authority. Norfolk was settled in times, with camps along the higher land in the west. A Brythonic tribe, the Iceni, inhabited the county from the 1st century BC to the end of the 1st century AD, the Iceni revolted against the Roman invasion in AD47, and again in 60 led by Boudica. The crushing of the second opened the county to the Romans. During the Roman era roads and ports were constructed throughout the county, situated on the east coast, Norfolk was vulnerable to invasions from Scandinavia and Northern Europe, and forts were built to defend against the Angles and Saxons. Norfolk, Suffolk and several adjacent areas became the kingdom of East Anglia, the influence of the Early English settlers can be seen in the many place names ending in -ton and -ham. Endings such as -by and -thorpe are also common, indicating Danish place names, in the 9th century the region came under attack. In the centuries before the Norman Conquest the wetlands of the east of the county began to be converted to farmland, and settlements grew in these areas. Migration into East Anglia must have high, by the time of the Domesday Book survey it was one of the most densely populated parts of the British Isles. During the high and late Middle Ages the county developed arable agriculture, the economy was in decline by the time of the Black Death, which dramatically reduced the population in 1349. During the English Civil War Norfolk was largely Parliamentarian, the economy and agriculture of the region declined somewhat. During the Industrial Revolution Norfolk developed little industry except in Norwich which was an addition to the railway network. In the 20th century the county developed a role in aviation, during the Second World War agriculture rapidly intensified, and it has remained very intensive since, with the establishment of large fields for growing cereals and oilseed rape. Norfolks low-lying land and easily eroded cliffs, many of which are chalk and clay, make it vulnerable to the sea, the low-lying section of coast between Kelling and Lowestoft Ness in Suffolk is currently managed by the Environment Agency to protect the Broads from sea flooding
9.
Suffolk
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Suffolk is an East Anglian county of historic origin in England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west, the North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich, other important towns include Lowestoft, Bury St Edmunds, Newmarket and Felixstowe, the county is low-lying with very few hills, and is largely arable land with the wetlands of the Broads in the north. The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, by the fifth century, the Angles had established control of the region. The Angles later became the folk and the south folk. Suffolk and several adjacent areas became the kingdom of East Anglia, Suffolk was originally divided into four separate Quarter Sessions divisions. In 1860, the number of divisions was reduced to two, the eastern division was administered from Ipswich and the western from Bury St Edmunds. Under the Local Government Act 1888, the two divisions were made the administrative counties of East Suffolk and West Suffolk, Ipswich became a county borough. A few Essex parishes were added to Suffolk, Ballingdon-with-Brundon and parts of Haverhill. On 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, East Suffolk, West Suffolk, the county was divided into several local government districts, Babergh, Forest Heath, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, St. Edmundsbury, Suffolk Coastal, and Waveney. This act also transferred some land near Great Yarmouth to Norfolk, in 2007, the Department for Communities and Local Government referred Ipswich Borough Councils bid to become a new unitary authority to the Boundary Committee. The Boundary Committee consulted local bodies and reported in favour of the proposal and it was not, however, approved by the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government. Beginning in February 2008, the Boundary Committee again reviewed local government in the county, West Suffolk, like nearby East Cambridgeshire, is renowned for archaeological finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. Bronze Age artefacts have been found in the area between Mildenhall and West Row, in Eriswell and in Lakenheath, other finds include traces of cremations and barrows. The majority of agriculture in Suffolk is either arable or mixed, Farm sizes vary from anything around 80 acres to over 8,000. Soil types vary from clays to light sands. The continuing importance of agriculture in the county is reflected in the Suffolk Show, although latterly somewhat changed in nature, this remains primarily an agricultural show. Below is a chart of regional gross value added of Suffolk at current basic prices published by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling, well-known companies in Suffolk include Greene King and Branston Pickle in Bury St Edmunds
10.
Wherry
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London passenger wherries evolved into the Thames skiff, a gentlemans rowing boat. Wherries were clinker-built with long overhanging bows so that patrons could step ashore dryshod before landing stages were built along the river. It is the long angled bow that distinguishes the wherry and skiff from the gig and cutter which have steeper bows following the rise of the Royal Navy, and the building of landing stages. In the late 18th century the name was given to the Norfolk wherry, a kind of sailing barge with large sails which was developed to replace an earlier cargo boat, the Norfolk Keel. The term wherry is also associated with a type of lighter used on the River Tyne largely in connection with the coal trade. The last complete example Elswick No.2 is owned by Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums service, there is a well documented study of the last surviving wrecked examples as surveyed in 2009. There is firm attestation that the term was used in the Irish Sea, vessels like Manx wherries and Shell Wherries are recorded in the early 19th century. Three shell wherries at least were active in 1810 and known to be of 10-12 tons and clinker built. The term wherry or wherrie was a term used for a boat as the Coverdale Bible of 1535 speaks of All whirry men. Wherries along the tideway in London were water taxis operated by watermen, a wherry could be rowed by two men with long oars or by a single waterman using short oars or sculls. An Act of Parliament in 1555 specified that a wherry should be 22½ feet long and 4½ wide amidships. according to one account concerning Shakespeares Globe Theatre, Patrons were transported across the River Thames to Southwark by wherry boats. At one time over two thousand wherries made their way to and from the theatre district, during the eighteenth century rowing competitions for watermen became established on the Thames, and the prize was often a new wherry. The Sporting Magazine describes an event on 6 August 1795 as the contest for the annual wherry given by the Proprietors of Vauxhall by six pairs of oars in three heats. In 1820 there were still 3,000 wherries plying on the Thames, in North America, particularly in the Penobscot Bay region of the Gulf of Maine, wherries became the preferred boat for the longshore Atlantic salmon fishery. The Lincolnville Salmon Wherry, the Rhodes Wherry, the Duck Trap Wherry, and they are generally long and narrow, with a straight stem, a wineglass stern and usually carvel planked. The boat usually has two seats, one for the rower, and one in the sheets for the passenger. Just as the term shell wherry was recognised in 19th century Britain so also was it recognised in 19th century America, for sure in the vicinity of Boston in 1860
