Arthur William Nugent, better known as Art Nugent, was an American cartoonist notable for his long-running syndicated puzzle feature, which he drew for four decades. He sometimes used the signature A. W. Nugent. Born in Wallingford, Connecticut, he began his career as an acrobat. From 1911 to 1918, he was the National AAU Tumbling Champion. In 1916, he made the Olympic team, he joined the U. S. Navy during World began doing artwork while in the service. Nugent was friends with illusionist Harry Houdini, the pair would play cards regularly. Returning after World War I, Nugent worked as the New York World's puzzle cartoonist for eight years. For the World, Nugent created a feature called Puzzlers in 1927, syndicated until c. 1931 by the World's Press Publishing Co. Puzzlers featured the same games, connect-the-dots art, crossword puzzles and anagrams that characterized Uncle Art's Funland, launched in 1933; this feature introduced Uncle Nugent. From 1934 to around 1955, Nugent created a variety of single-page puzzle and game features — the same concept as Uncle Art's Funland — for many Golden Age comics: Famous Funnies #1–162 — as Funland and Funland Everybody's Playmate Popular Comics #1–35 — as Nugent's Originals or Real Magic The Comics — as Comics Puzzles or A Page for Little Artists The Funnies #1-27 — as Home Magic or Everybody's Playmate All-American Comics #1–24 — as Real Magic to Mystify Your Friends or Nugent's Original Puzzles, Tricks & Comics Champ Comics — as Champ Puzzlers Victory Puzzles ran in All-American Comics, Sensation Comics, Wonder Woman Detective Puzzles ran in All-Flash, All-American Comics, Detective Comics Sparkling Stars #13–33 — as Puzzle Page Felix the Cat — as Play Fun or Puzzle PageBeginning in 1950, Uncle Nugent's Funland was syndicated.

With the Bell-McClure Syndicate, it became part of United Feature Syndicate in 1972. Nugent's son Art Nugent, Jr. took over Uncle Art's Funland in the early 1970s with occasional contributions by the elder Nugent until 1974. Uncle Art's Funland was revived circa 2009 by United Media, it is now produced by N. A. Nugent. and distributed by Andrews McMeel Syndication under the United Features brand. In the 1940s, Nugent created funny animal stories for Popular Comics and other comic books, including "Pint-Size Pete" for The Big All-American Comics. From 1945 to 1947, Nugent operated the A. W. Nugent Publishing Company, which only published two titles, both of which featured his signature puzzle pages: Cavalier Comics Circus of Fun Comics Living in Newark, New Jersey, Nugent was a member of the Society of Illustrators; the senior Nugent was 84 when he died at St. Mary's Hospital in Orange, New Jersey in 1975. Arthur William Nugent, Jr. studied at Syracuse University and the Newark School of Art. Beginning as his father's assistant, Art Nugent, Jr. was partnering with his father as early as 1953.

The junior Nugent was 71 when he died in 1997. Funland: Super-packed with Puzzles, Amazing Facts and Lots more Exciting Fun!, by Art Nugent and Leo White, is a 132-page paperback collection published by Playmore in 1982. Uncle Art's Funland at GoComics A. W. Nugent Publishing Co. at the Grand Comics Database

Rights affecting lesbian, gay and transgender people vary by country or jurisdiction – encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality. Notably, as of 2019, 28 countries recognize same-sex marriage, they are: Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, France, Greenland, Ireland, Malta, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and Uruguay. By contrast, 6 countries impose the death penalty on consensual same-sex sexual acts, with three in Asia and three in Africa. In addition, the death penalty is a possible punishment in 6 other countries: Afghanistan, Mauritania, Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates. Iraq has been removed from this list following the elimination of the Islamic State, it remains as a "de facto" criminalising country due to reports of State prosecution using laws on public indecency, prostitution or others. In 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council passed its first resolution recognizing LGBT rights, following which the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a report documenting violations of the rights of LGBT people, including hate crimes, criminalization of homosexual activity, discrimination.

Following the issuance of the report, the United Nations urged all countries which had not yet done so to enact laws protecting basic LGBT rights. Laws that affect LGBT people include, but are not limited to, the following: laws concerning the recognition of same-sex relationships, including same-sex marriage, civil unions, domestic partnerships laws concerning LGBT parenting, including adoption by LGBT people anti-discrimination laws in employment, education, public accommodations anti-bullying legislation to protect LGBT children at school hate crime laws imposing enhanced criminal penalties for prejudice-motivated violence against LGBT people bathroom bills affecting access to sex-segregated facilities by transgender people laws related to sexual orientation and military service laws concerning access to assisted reproductive technology sodomy laws that penalize consensual same-sex sexual activity age of consent laws that may impose higher ages for same-sex sexual activity laws regarding donation of blood by men who have sex with men laws concerning access to sex reassignment surgery and hormone replacement therapy legal recognition and accommodation of reassigned gender.

According to Aristotle, although most "belligerent nations" were influenced by their women, the Celts were unusual because their men preferred male lovers. H. D. Rankin in Celts and the Classical World notes that "Athenaeus echoes this comment and so does Ammianus, it seems to be the general opinion of antiquity." In book XIII of his Deipnosophists, the Roman Greek rhetorician and grammarian Athenaeus, repeating assertions made by Diodorus Siculus in the 1st century BC, wrote that Celtic women were beautiful but that the men preferred to sleep together. Diodorus went further, stating that "the young men will offer themselves to strangers and are insulted if the offer is refused". Rankin argues that the ultimate source of these assertions is to be Poseidonius and speculates that these authors may be recording "some kind of bonding ritual... which requires abstinence from women at certain times". Throughout Hindu and Vedic texts, there are many descriptions of saints and the Supreme Lord transcending gender norms and manifesting multiple combinations of sex and gender.

Alka Pande says that alternate sexuality was an integral part of ancient India and homosexuality was considered to be a form of the sacred, drawing upon the examples of the hermaphrodite Shikhandi and Arjuna who became a eunuch. Ruth Vanita argues that ancient India was tolerant and views on it were ambiguous, from acceptance to rejection; some Hindu texts support them. The Kamasutra mentions homosexuality as a type of sexual pleasure. There are legends of Hindu gods change gender or are hermaphrodites and engage in relations that would be considered homoerotic in the other case. Homosexuality was practiced in the royal families with servants. Kamasutra mentions the "svairini" who used to live by herself or with another woman; the king Bhagiratha is described as being born of sexual union of two queens of the king Dilip, however there is a patriarchal background represented as the king left no heir and his younger wife took on the role of a man. Ayoni or non-vaginal sex of all types are punishable in the Arthashastra.

Homosexual acts are however treated as a smaller offence punishable by a fine while unlawful heterosexual sex have much harsher punishment. The Dharmsastras the ones prescribed against non-vaginal sex like the Vashistha Dharmasutra; the Yājñavalkya Smṛti prescribes fines for such acts including those with other men. Manusmriti prescribes light punishments for such acts. Vanita states that the verses about punishment for a sex between female and a maiden is due to its strong emphasis on a maiden's sexual purity; the Narada Purana in 1.15.936 states that those who have non-vaginal intercourse will go to Retobhojana where they have to live on semen. Ruth Vanita states that the punishment in afterlife suggested by it is comical and befitting the act; the Skanda Purana states. There are many tales in Hindu mythology interpreted as representing transsexual