Old Persian is one of the two directly attested Old Iranian languages and it is the ancestor of Middle Persian. Like other Old Iranian languages, this language was known to its native speakers as Iranian language. Old Persian appears in the inscriptions, clay tablets and seals of the Achaemenid era. Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now Iran, Armenia, Iraq and Egypt, with the most important attestation by far being the contents of the Behistun Inscription. Recent research into the vast Persepolis Fortification Archive at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago have unearthed Old Persian tablets, which suggest Old Persian was a written language in use for practical recording and not only for royal display; as a written language, Old Persian is attested in royal Achaemenid inscriptions. It is an Iranian language and as such a member of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family; the oldest known text written in Old Persian is from the Behistun Inscriptions.

Old Persian is one of the oldest Indo-European languages. The oldest date of use of Old Persian as a spoken language is not known. According to certain historical assumptions about the early history and origin of ancient Persians in southwestern Iran, Old Persian was spoken by a tribe called Parsuwash, who arrived in the Iranian Plateau early in the 1st millennium BCE and migrated down into the area of present-day Fārs province, their language, Old Persian, became the official language of the Achaemenid kings. Assyrian records, which in fact appear to provide the earliest evidence for ancient Iranian presence on the Iranian Plateau, give a good chronology but only an approximate geographical indication of what seem to be ancient Persians. In these records of the 9th century BCE, Parsuwash are first mentioned in the area of Lake Urmia in the records of Shalmaneser III; the exact identity of the Parsuwash is not known for certain, but from a linguistic viewpoint the word matches Old Persian pārsa itself coming directly from the older word *pārćwa.

As Old Persian contains many words from another extinct Iranian language, according to P. O. Skjærvø it is probable that Old Persian had been spoken before formation of the Achaemenid Empire and was spoken during most of the first half of the first millennium BCE. Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BCE, when Old Persian was still spoken and extensively used, he relates that the Armenian people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. Old Persian belongs to the Iranian language family, a branch of the Indo-Iranian language family, itself within the large family of Indo-European languages; the common ancestors of Indo-Iranians came from Central Asia sometime in the first half of the 2nd millennium BCE. The extinct and unattested Median language is another Old Iranian language related to Old Persian The group of Old Iranian languages was a large group.

The former are the only languages in that group which have left written original texts while Median is known from loanwords in Old Persian. By the 4th century BCE, the late Achaemenid period, the inscriptions of Artaxerxes II and Artaxerxes III differ enough from the language of Darius' inscriptions to be called a "pre-Middle Persian," or "post-Old Persian." Old Persian subsequently evolved into Middle Persian, in turn the ancestor of New Persian. Professor Gilbert Lazard, a famous Iranologist and the author of the book Persian Grammar states: The language known as New Persian, called at this period by the name of Parsi-Dari, can be classified linguistically as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of Sassanian Iran, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenids. Unlike the other languages and dialects and modern, of the Iranian group such as Avestan, Soghdian, Pashto, etc. Old and New Persian represent one and the same language at three states of its history.

It had its origin in Fars and is differentiated by dialectical features, still recognizable from the dialect prevailing in north-western and eastern Iran. Middle Persian sometimes called Pahlavi, is a direct continuation of Old Persian and was used as the written official language of the country. Comparison of the evolution at each stage of the language shows great simplification in grammar and syntax. However, New Persian is a direct descendant of Old Persian. Old Persian "presumably" has a Median language substrate; the Median element is identifiable because it did not share in the developments that were peculiar to Old Persian. Median forms "are found only in personal or geographical names and some are from religious vocabulary and so could in principle be influenced by Avestan." "Sometimes, both Median and Old Persian forms are found, which gave Old Persian a somewhat confusing and inconsistent look:'horse,' for instance, is both asa and aspa." Old Persian texts were written from left to right in the syllabic Old Persian cuneiform script and had 36 phonetic characters and 8 logograms.

The usage of lo

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The School of Exact and Natural Sciences and informally known as Exactas, is a natural science school belonging to the University of Buenos Aires, the largest university in Argentina. It is located at the Ciudad Universitaria complex in the Núñez neighborhood of Buenos Aires, being the main user of Buildings 1 and 2, the Industries Building in collaboration with the School of Engineering. Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences Department of Computer Science Department of Physics Department of Geology Department of Mathematics Department of Biological Chemistry Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department of Organic Chemistry Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology Department of Ecology and Evolution Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology Department of Industries Institute of Biochemical Investigations CEFIEC Institute of Calculus Research institutes by cooperation between the CONICET and the UBA. Institute of Space Astronomy and Physics Centre of Investigations of the Sea and Atmosphere Centre of Investigations of Carbohydrates Institute of Physical-Chemistry of Materials and Energy Institute of Physiology, Molecular Biology and Neuro-Sciences Institute of Physics of Plasma Institute of Geochronology and Isotropic Geology Microanalysis and Physical Methods Unit in Organic Chemistry Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Atmospheric Sciences Oceanography Biological Sciences Computer Sciences Physical Sciences Geological Sciences Mathematical Sciences Chemical Sciences Paleontology The School offers Masters of Science and Ph.

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