The One Ring, also called the Ruling Ring, Isildur's Bane, or the Precious, is a central plot element in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. It first appeared in the earlier story The Hobbit as
Critics have noted parallels with Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, as seen here in Josef Hoffman's 1876 set design for Das Rheingold, though they disagree on its influence on Tolkien.
Tolkien visited the temple of Nodens at a place called "Dwarf's Hill" and translated an inscription with a curse upon the thief of a ring. It may have inspired his dwarves, mines, rings, and Celebrimbor "Silver-Hand", the Elven-smith who forged Rings of Power.
The Ring of Silvianus is a Roman gold ring of around the 4th century, found near a former Roman town, Silchester that has an inscription naming Senecianus.
The shepherd Gyges finds the magic ring, setting up a moral dilemma. Ferrara, 16th century
Sauron is the title character and the main antagonist of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, where he rules the land of Mordor. He seeks to conquer Middle-earth using the power of the One Ring,
One Ring
…conferred invisibility, though there is no suggestion that Tolkien borrowed from the story. In Middle-earth, the One Ring was forged by the Dark Lord Sauron during the Second Age to gain dominion over the free peoples of Middle-earth. In his disguise as Annatar, or the "Lord of Gifts", he aided the Elven…
J. R. R. Tolkien's unfinished watercolour illustration of Sauron
Sauron, portrayed by Sala Baker, in Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring