Otter Tail County, Minnesota

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Otter Tail County, Minnesota
Otter Tail.JPG
Map of Minnesota highlighting Otter Tail County
Location in the U.S. state of Minnesota
Map of the United States highlighting Minnesota
Minnesota's location in the U.S.
Founded March 18, March 18, 1858 (created)
September 12, 1868 (organized)[1]
Named for Otter Tail Lake and Otter Tail River
Seat Fergus Falls
Largest city Fergus Falls
Area
 • Total 2,225 sq mi (5,763 km2)
 • Land 1,972 sq mi (5,107 km2)
 • Water 252 sq mi (653 km2), 11%
Population (est.)
 • (2016) 58,085
 • Density 29/sq mi (11/km2)
Congressional district 7th
Time zone Central: UTC−6/−5
Website www.co.otter-tail.mn.us

Otter Tail County is a county located in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 57,303.[2] Its county seat is Fergus Falls.[3] The county was formed in 1858 and organized in 1868.

Otter Tail County comprises the Fergus Falls, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History[edit]

Native Americans used the survey area for hunting and fishing and had permanent dwelling sites. Two Native American tribes were in constant conflict. The Dakota (Sioux) were being pushed from their home area by the Ojibwa (Chippewa) during the late 18th century and early 19th century. Burial mounds and artifacts can still be found. Some of the oldest remains of Native Americans were found near Pelican Rapids, Minnesota. The remains, nicknamed Minnesota Girl, were dated at about 11,000 B.C. (Otter Tail County Historical Museum).

The first white men to enter the county were French and British fur traders. Efforts were made to set up trading posts on the Leaf Lakes and Otter Tail Lake. In the late 19th century, most of the towns were built along the railroad lines. Lumber and agriculture were the major industries in the county at that time. The pine and hardwood forests, transportation system, and markets were instrumental in the development of Fergus Falls into a lumber center.

Soils of Otter Tail County[4]
Soils of Bluff Creek WMA area

In 1870, the population of the county was about 2,000. At that time the principal languages spoken in the county were Norwegian, Swedish, German, and English. Otter Tail County was established in March 1858 by a legislative act. It was organized in 1868. The original county seat was Ottertail City.

The people of Fergus Falls organized a new county named Holcomb. In 1872, a legislative act abolished Holcomb County, added additional townships to the west, and established Fergus Falls as the county seat of Otter Tail County. There are 62 townships in the county. The county is named for Otter Tail Lake and the Otter Tail River.[5]

Geography[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,225 square miles (5,760 km2), of which 1,972 square miles (5,110 km2) are land and 252 square miles (650 km2) (11%) are covered by water.[6] Otter Tail is one of 17 Minnesota savanna region counties with more savanna soils than either forest or prairie soils. According to the official web site, Otter Tail County contains over 1000 lakes and two Minnesota state parks, Maplewood State Park and Glendalough State Park. The highest point in Otter Tail County is Inspiration Peak in the Leaf Mountains, at 1750 feet above sea level.

Adjacent counties[edit]

Transportation[edit]

Major Highways[edit]

Airports[edit]

The following public-use airports are located in Otter Tail County:

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1860240—
18701,968720.0%
188018,675848.9%
189034,23283.3%
190045,37532.6%
191046,0361.5%
192050,81810.4%
193051,0060.4%
194053,1924.3%
195051,320−3.5%
196048,960−4.6%
197046,097−5.8%
198051,93712.7%
199050,714−2.4%
200057,15912.7%
201057,3030.3%
Est. 201658,085[7]1.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10]
1990-2000[11] 2010-2016[2]
Age pyramid of county residents based on 2000 U.S. census data

As of the 2000 census, there were 57,159 people, 22,671 households, and 15,779 families residing in the county. The population density was 29 people per square mile (11/km²). There were 33,862 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile (7/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.11% White, 0.29% African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.84% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.67% of the population. 35.5% were of German and 31.2% Norwegian ancestry.

There were 22,671 households out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the county, the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,395, and the median income for a family was $42,740. Males had a median income of $30,151 versus $20,930 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,014. About 6.7% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.

Politics[edit]

Presidential elections results[12]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2016 64.4% 20,939 28.7% 9,340 6.8% 2,221
2012 59.6% 18,860 38.4% 12,165 2.0% 645
2008 55.3% 18,077 42.4% 13,856 2.3% 754
2004 61.3% 19,734 37.4% 12,038 1.3% 406
2000 59.5% 16,963 34.5% 9,844 6.0% 1,704
1996 45.7% 11,808 40.7% 10,519 13.6% 3,523
1992 41.5% 11,074 34.4% 9,176 24.1% 6,420
1988 57.0% 14,015 42.2% 10,373 0.9% 216
1984 61.3% 15,664 38.0% 9,714 0.7% 173
1980 57.7% 15,091 34.9% 9,108 7.4% 1,939
1976 49.4% 12,113 48.5% 11,881 2.1% 516
1972 62.2% 13,519 36.3% 7,881 1.5% 331
1968 60.3% 12,483 35.8% 7,400 4.0% 818
1964 51.3% 10,542 48.6% 9,997 0.1% 26
1960 62.9% 13,747 36.9% 8,054 0.2% 42
1956 65.9% 12,764 33.9% 6,571 0.2% 40
1952 75.0% 16,447 24.6% 5,388 0.4% 86
1948 61.3% 11,131 36.0% 6,546 2.7% 495
1944 67.6% 12,351 31.9% 5,823 0.6% 110
1940 63.5% 13,737 35.6% 7,705 0.9% 187
1936 49.1% 8,899 47.7% 8,642 3.1% 569
1932 43.7% 7,416 51.9% 8,805 4.4% 743
1928 68.3% 11,624 29.3% 4,990 2.4% 411
1924 55.5% 7,557 4.2% 568 40.4% 5,504
1920 78.5% 11,084 12.3% 1,741 9.2% 1,294
1916 54.3% 4,328 35.9% 2,858 9.8% 780
1912 11.5% 755 26.6% 1,739 61.9% 4,052
1908 58.1% 3,964 34.0% 2,320 7.9% 542
1904 73.7% 4,642 13.8% 869 12.5% 788
1900 47.2% 3,446 44.6% 3,257 8.2% 600
1896 42.7% 3,544 54.0% 4,482 3.2% 268
1892 37.4% 2,140 28.7% 1,642 33.9% 1,940

In the U.S. presidential elections, Otter Tail County has mainly been a Republican county.

During the time period of the Great Depression, however, there was actually a communist faction within the county. The areas where the movement was centered in the county are quite desolate today, however, during mid-1932, the worst possible time for farmers, there were over 900 members involved with one of the state’s communist organizations.[13]

The members of the communist party were very active in the New York Mills area of Newton, Leaf Lake, Blowers, Deer Creek and Paddock Townships. They held meetings, recruited members, placed candidates on local and state tickets, and distributed propaganda. They held dances in Heinola, Menahga, and Sebeka where the Soviet hammer and sickle was proudly displayed and ran a summer camp on East Leaf Lake.[13]

By the time Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented some of the New Deal programs in the county, most of the communist movement began to lose steam. In addition, the Winter War in Europe between Finland and the U.S.S.R. soured the taste of communism amongst many Finnish immigrants (the Finns were a major denomination among the communists at the time). Carl Peltoniemi, a former supporter of the organization, said, "The communist movement within the Finnish community basically ended at the start of the Winter War in 1939–1940."

Ever since the United States presidential election of 1936, Otter Tail County has voted Republican in every Presidential election.[14] Indeed, since Minnesota’s statehood in 1858 the only Democrats to win the county have been Roosevelt and William Jennings Bryan in 1896.

In the Minnesota House of Representatives, Otter Tail County is divided into two districts. District 8A and District 8B. Both are represented by Republicans Bud Nornes (8A) and Mary Franson (8B). Districts 8A and 8B make up the Minnesota State Senate district 8, which is represented by Republican State Senator Bill Ingebrigtsen.

Communities[edit]

The Otter Tail River as it passes Phelps Mill in Otter Tail County, Minnesota. Photo by Scott Backstrom. June 2004
Fergus Falls City Hall in Fergus Falls, Minnesota.
This is a scene of one of Glendalough State Park's picnic and beach areas. The park is close to Battle Lake, Otter Tail County. Photo by James Benjamin Bleeker. 18 July 2010

Cities[edit]

Townships[edit]

Unincorporated communities[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Minnesota Place Names". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  2. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. ^ Nelson, Steven (2011). Savanna Soils of Minnesota. Minnesota: Self. pp. 53 - 56. ISBN 978-0-615-50320-2.
  5. ^ Otter Tail County Website "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-06-25. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
  6. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
  7. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  8. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
  9. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
  10. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
  11. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
  12. ^ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS
  13. ^ a b Tweton, Jerome (1988). The New Deal at the Grass Roots: Programs for the People in Otter Tail County, Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. pp. 29–31.
  14. ^ Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016

External links[edit]

Coordinates: 46°25′N 95°43′W / 46.41°N 95.71°W / 46.41; -95.71

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