Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856
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The Imperial Reform Edict was an 18 February 1856 edict of the Ottoman government and part of the Tanzimat reforms. The decree from Ottoman Sultan Abdulmejid I promised equality in education, governme
Ottoman constitution of 1876
Stefanos Karatheodori Pasha (1789–1867) played a crucial role in enforcing equality in education, government appointments, and administration of justice.
French translation of the edict, in Législation ottomane Volume 2, written by François Belin
Tanzimat
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The Tanzimat was a period of reforms in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Edict of Gülhane of 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. Driven by reformist statesmen such as Musta
Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856
…اصلاحات خط همايونى, Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümâyûnu; Modern Turkish: Islâhat Fermânı) was an 18 February 1856 edict of the Ottoman government and part of the Tanzimat reforms. The decree from Ottoman Sultan Abdulmejid I promised equality in education, government appointments, and administration of justice to all…
Mustafa Reşid Pasha, chief architect of the Tanzimat reform
Cenab Şehabeddin was known for his liberal ideals and poetry influenced by French Symbolism.
Diplomat Mehmed Cemil Bey wearing a frock coat and a bow tie.
Necip Ahmed Pasha, career officer and composer in French-inspired uniform.