Scotland
Scotland is a country, part of the United Kingdom. Sharing a border with England to the southeast, Scotland is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, by the North Sea to the northeast and by the Irish Sea to the south. In addition to the mainland, situated on the northern third of the island of Great Britain, Scotland has over 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides; the Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms. Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain; the union created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. In 1801, the Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland enacted a political union to create a United Kingdom.
The majority of Ireland subsequently seceded from the UK in 1922. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland; the legal system within Scotland has remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland. The continued existence of legal, educational and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England; the Scottish Parliament, a unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, was established in 1999 and has authority over those areas of domestic policy which have been devolved by the United Kingdom Parliament. The head of the Scottish Government, the executive of the devolved legislature, is the First Minister of Scotland. Scotland is represented in the UK House of Commons by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs.
Scotland is a member of the British–Irish Council, sends five members of the Scottish Parliament to the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly. Scotland is divided into councils. Glasgow City is the largest subdivision in Scotland in terms of population, with Highland being the largest in terms of area. "Scotland" comes from the Latin name for the Gaels. From the ninth century, the meaning of Scotia shifted to designate Gaelic Scotland and by the eleventh century the name was being used to refer to the core territory of the Kingdom of Alba in what is now east-central Scotland; the use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass most of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages, as the Kingdom of Alba expanded and came to encompass various peoples of diverse origins. Repeated glaciations, which covered the entire land mass of modern Scotland, destroyed any traces of human habitation that may have existed before the Mesolithic period, it is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, as the ice sheet retreated after the last glaciation.
At the time, Scotland was covered in forests, had more bog-land, the main form of transport was by water. These settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, the first villages around 6,000 years ago; the well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period. Neolithic habitation and ritual sites are common and well preserved in the Northern Isles and Western Isles, where a lack of trees led to most structures being built of local stone. Evidence of sophisticated pre-Christian belief systems is demonstrated by sites such as the Callanish Stones on Lewis and the Maes Howe on Orkney, which were built in the third millennium BCE; the first written reference to Scotland was in 320 BC by Greek sailor Pytheas, who called the northern tip of Britain "Orcas", the source of the name of the Orkney islands. During the first millennium BCE, the society changed to a chiefdom model, as consolidation of settlement led to the concentration of wealth and underground stores of surplus food.
The first Roman incursion into Scotland occurred in 79 AD. After the Roman victory, Roman forts were set along the Gask Ridge close to the Highland line, but by three years after the battle, the Roman armies had withdrawn to the Southern Uplands; the Romans erected Hadrian's Wall in northern England and the Limes Britannicus became the northern border of the Roman Empire. The Roman influence on the southern part of the country was considerable, they introduced Christianity to Scotland. Beginning in the sixth century, the area, now Scotland was divided into three areas: Pictland, a patchwork of small lordships in central Scotland; these societies were based on the family unit and had sharp divisions in wealth, although the vast majority were poor and worked full-time in subsistence agriculture. The Picts kept slaves through the ninth century. Gaelic influence over Pictland and Northumbria was facilitated by the large number of Gaelic-speaking clerics working as missionaries. Operating in the sixth ce
Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey
Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey was a Scottish judge and literary critic. He was born in the son of George Jeffrey, a clerk in the Court of Session. After attending the Royal High School for six years, he studied at the University of Glasgow from 1787 to May 1789, at Queen's College, from September 1791 to June 1792, he had begun the study of law at Edinburgh before going to Oxford, returned to it afterwards. He became a member of the Speculative Society, where he measured himself in debate with Sir Walter Scott, Lord Brougham, Francis Horner, the Marquess of Lansdowne, Lord Kinnaird and others, he was admitted to the Scottish bar in December 1794, having abandoned the Tory principles in which he had been educated, he found that his Whig politics hampered his legal prospects. In consequence of his lack of success at the bar he went to London in 1798 to try his hand at journalism, but without success, his marriage to Catherine Wilson in 1801 made the question of a settled income more pressing. A project for a new review, brought up by Sydney Smith in Jeffrey's flat in the presence of Henry Brougham, Francis Horner and others, resulted in the appearance on 10 October 1802 of the Edinburgh Review.
At the outset the Review did not have an editor. The first three numbers were edited by Sydney Smith. On his leaving for England the work devolved chiefly on Jeffrey, who, by an arrangement with Archibald Constable, the publisher, was appointed editor at a fixed salary. Most of those involved were Whigs; this article expressed despair of the success of the British arms in Spain, Scott at once withdrew his subscription, the Quarterly being soon afterwards started in opposition. According to Lord Cockburn the effect of the first number of the Edinburgh Review was "electrical." The English reviews were at that time publishers' organs, with articles by hack writers instructed to obey the publishers' interests. The Edinburgh Review, on the other hand, enlisted a brilliant and independent staff of contributors, guided by the editor, not the publisher, they received sixteen guineas a sheet, increased subsequently to twenty-five guineas in many cases, instead of the two guineas earned by London reviewers.
The review was not limited to literary criticism but became the accredited organ of moderate Whig public opinion. The particular work which provided the starting-point of an article was in many cases the occasion for the exposition, always brilliant and incisive, of the author's views on politics, social subjects, ethics or literature; these general principles and the novelty of the method ensured the success of the undertaking after the original circle of exceptionally able men who founded it had been dispersed. It had a circulation of 12,000. Jeffrey's editorship lasted about twenty-six years, ceasing with the ninety-eighth number, published in June 1829, when he resigned in favour of Macvey Napier. Jeffrey's own contributions numbered two hundred, all except six being written before his resignation of the editorship, he wrote at odd moments of leisure and with little special preparation. Great fluency and ease of diction, considerable warmth of imagination and moral sentiment, a sharp eye to discover any oddity of style or violation of the accepted canons of good taste, made his criticisms pungent and effective.
But the essential narrowness and timidity of his general outlook prevented him from detecting and estimating latent forces, either in politics or in matters intellectual and moral. A criticism in the sixteenth number of the Review on the morality of Thomas Moore's poems led in 1806 to a duel between the two authors at Chalk Farm; the proceedings were stopped by the police, Jeffrey's pistol was found to contain no bullet. The affair led to a warm friendship, Moore contributed to the Review, while Jeffrey made ample amends in a article on Lalla Rookh. Jeffrey's wife had died in 1805, in 1810 he became acquainted with Charlotte, daughter of Charles Wilkes of New York, great-niece of John Wilkes; when she returned to the United States, Jeffrey followed her, they were married in 1813. Before returning to Scotland, they visited several of the chief American cities, his experience strengthened Jeffrey in the conciliatory policy he had advocated towards the States. Notwithstanding the increasing success of the Review, Jeffrey continued to look to the bar as the chief field of his ambition.
His literary reputation helped his professional advancement. His practice extended in the civil and criminal courts, he appeared before the general assembly of the Church of Scotland; as an advocate his sharpness and rapidity of insight gave him a formidable advantage in the detection of the weaknesses of a witness and the vulnerable points of his opponent's case, while he grouped his own arguments with an admirable eye to effect excelling in eloquent closing appeals to a jury. Jeffrey was twice, in 1822, elected Rector of the University of Glasgow. In 1829 he w
John Graham-Gilbert
John Graham-Gilbert was a Scottish portrait painter and art collector. Graham-Gilbert was born in Glasgow as John Graham, the son of a West India merchant and was at first trained in his father's counting-house, but preferred art and travelled to London in 1818 where he was admitted into the Royal Academy. In 1819 he won a silver medal for best drawing from the antique, in 1821 a gold medal for his historical painting of ‘The Prodigal Son.’ He established himself in London as a portrait-painter, contributed to the exhibitions of the Royal Academy from 1820 to 1823. He went to Italy to study old masters of the Venetian school, he settled in Edinburgh in 1827, sent a portrait to the first exhibition of the Royal Scottish Academy. In 1834 he married the wealthy heiress Miss Jane Gilbert of Yorkhill, he added her name to his, moved to her native Glasgow. He remained an exhibitor at the Royal Scottish Academy, but from 1844 he exhibited at the Royal Academy in London, he died at Yorkhill. His widow Mrs. Graham-Gilbert, who died in 1877, bequeathed to the Corporation Galleries of Art at Glasgow a small collection left to her by her husband, together with a number of his own pictures, totalling 70 paintings.
These include works by Palma Vecchio, Gaspard Dughet, Paris Bordone and Dutch masters such as Rembrandt, Johannes Lingelbach, Nicolaes Eliasz Pickenoy, Philips Wouwerman, Willem van de Velde the Younger and Ludolf Bakhuizen that are considered highlights of the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum. S:Graham-Gilbert, John John Graham Gilbert in the Oxford Biography Index, Number 101011228 141 paintings by or after John Graham-Gilbert at the Art UK site
Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville
Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, PC, FRSE was a Scottish advocate and Tory politician. He was the first Secretary of State for War and became, in 1806, the last person to be impeached in the United Kingdom, for misappropriation of public money. Although acquitted, he never held public office again. Dundas was instrumental in the encouragement of the Scottish Enlightenment, in the prosecution of the war against France, in opposing the abolition of slavery, in the expansion of British influence in India, dominating the affairs of the East India Company. An accomplished machine politician and scourge of the Radicals, his deft and total control of Scottish politics during a long period when no monarch visited the country, led to him being pejoratively nicknamed King Harry the Ninth, the "Grand Manager of Scotland", the "Great Tyrant" and "The Uncrowned King of Scotland", he is commemorated by one of the most prominent memorials in Edinburgh, the 150-foot high, Category A listed Melville Monument at St Andrew Square, in the heart of the New Town he helped to establish.
Dundas was born in Edinburgh on 28 April 1742 in the house known as'Bishop's Land' on the Royal Mile. He was the fourth son of Robert Dundas of Arniston, Lord President of the Court of Session, by his second wife, Anne Gordon, daughter of Sir William Gordon of Invergordon, he first attended Dalkeith Grammar School before an attack of smallpox interrupted his studies, after which he moved to the Royal High School, before enrolling at the University of Edinburgh to study Law. While a student he was a member of the Edinburgh University Belles Lettres Society, participating in its meetings and gaining his first experience of public speaking at the society's debates. Becoming a member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1763, he soon acquired a leading position in the Scottish legal system, he became Solicitor General for Scotland in 1766. He was Dean of the Faculty of Advocates to 1785. In 1774 he was returned to the Parliament of Great Britain for Midlothian, joined the party of Frederick North, Lord North.
His name appears in the 1776 minute book of the Poker Club. After holding subordinate offices under William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne and William Pitt the Younger, he entered the cabinet in 1791 as Secretary of State for the Home Department, it was during this period that Dundas, without whose "skillful obstructions the slave trade would have been abolished in 1796, if not 1792", was influential in obstructing the abolition of the Slave Trade. Appointed Minister for War on the outbreak of the Wars of the French Revolution, he was Pitt's closest advisor and planner for Britain's military participation in the First Coalition, he is held responsible for the lack of organization and confused planning in the Flanders Campaign the aborted siege of Dunkirk in September 1793. In November 1793, he provided support to Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Graham, the first cousin of his second wife, in the raising of the 90th Regiment of Foot. Although it was said that he was "so profoundly ignorant of war that he was not conscious of his own ignorance", he was still responsible for approving the implementation of the three-deep line which, barring Wellington, was used by British commanders through 1815.
From 1794 to 1801 he was War Secretary under his great friend. From about 1798 on he pleaded to be allowed to resign on health grounds, but Pitt, who relied on him refused to consider it. In 1802 he was elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as Viscount Melville and Baron Dunira, of Dunira in Perthshire. Under Pitt in 1804 he again entered office as First Lord of the Admiralty, when he introduced numerous improvements in the details of the department. Suspicion had arisen, however, as to the financial management of the Admiralty, of which Dundas had been treasurer between 1782 and 1800. In 1802 a commission of inquiry was appointed, which reported in 1805; the result was the impeachment of Dundas in 1806, on the initiative of Samuel Whitbread, for the misappropriation of public money. Although the process ended in an acquittal, nothing more than formal negligence lay against him, he never again held office; this was the last impeachment trial held in the House of Lords. Another reason for his retreat could have been Pitt's death in 1806.
An earldom declined. Lord Melville's first marriage was to Elizabeth, daughter of David Rannie, of Melville Castle, in 1765. All of his wealth, as well as the castle, came to him through this marriage but he left Elizabeth in their country residence while he remained in Edinburgh, she committed adultery with a Captain Faukener in 1778. Within days she had confessed by letter to her husband, a month they were divorced, she never saw her children again, dying in 1843. Henry Dundas, as was the law of the time, kept all of the property. After this divorce Dundas was married again, to Lady Jane Hope, daughter of John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun, in 1793, he died in May 1811, in Edinburgh, aged 69, was succeeded in his titles by his son from his first marriage, Robert. The Viscountess Melville married Thomas Wallace, 1st Baron Wallace and died in June 1
George Jamesone
George Jamesone was Scotland's first eminent portrait-painter. He was born in Aberdeen, where Andrew Jamesone, was a stonemason. Jamesone attended the grammar school near his home on Schoolhill and is thought to have gone on to further education at Marischal College. Legend has it; this is, yet to be proven as his name does not appear to be noted on the Guild registers of the town. Since Rubens was exempt from registering pupils, the absence of Jamesone's name does not mean that the painter did not study there. Jamesone did complete an apprenticeship under the supervision of his uncle, John Anderson, a popular decorative painter in Edinburgh at the beginning of the seventeenth century. Jamesone finished this training in 1618, he is not recorded as being in Aberdeen again until 1620. If the Scotsman had gone to Antwerp, it would have had to have been between the years of 1618 to 1620. Whilst in Aberdeen, Jamesone made a name for himself painting portraits of local academics and scholars from the city's two feuding colleges: King's and Marischal.
In 1633, when Charles I made his grand royal visit to Edinburgh, Jamesone rose from local to national fame. For this occasion the painter was asked to decorate a elaborate triumphal arch with the portraits of all the past kings of Scotland, he was given the honour of painting the portrait of Charles himself. It has been said that the king was so pleased with the result that he gave Jamesone a ring off his own finger as a reward. After hearing of the King's approval, many of the Scottish gentry desired to be painted by the now reputable George Jamesone. One of his finest examples is that of Mary Erskine, on display at the National Gallery of Scotland. Jamesone had studios in Aberdeen and in Edinburgh. Having two bases allowed him to meet the demands of hundreds of patrons from the north to the south of the country. Jamesone was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard in the centre of the city; the grave is illegible but lies on the east wall of the original churchyard. Jamesone's pupil, John Michael Wright went on to be a important portrait painter in seventeenth century British art.
Although Jamesone had several children with his young Aberdonian wife Isabella Tosche, only one lived to adulthood. This was his youngest daughter Mary. Mary Jamesone excelled in the craft of needlework. Four examples of her dexterity, four scenes from the Old Testament and Apocrypha, can be seen to this day in St. Nicholas Kirk in Aberdeen. Attribution Chisholm, Hugh, ed.. "Jameson, George". Encyclopædia Britannica. Cambridge University Press. Works in the National Galleries of Scotland
Corbel
In architecture a corbel is in medieval architecture a structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight, a type of bracket. A corbel is a solid piece of material in the wall, whereas a console is a piece applied to the structure. A piece of timber projecting in the same way was called a "bragger" in England; the technique of corbelling, where rows of corbels keyed inside a wall support a projecting wall or parapet, has been used since Neolithic times. It is common in medieval architecture and in the Scottish baronial style as well as in the vocabulary of classical architecture, such as the modillions of a Corinthian cornice, Hindu temple architecture and in ancient Chinese architecture. A console is more an "S"-shaped scroll bracket in the classical tradition, with the upper or inner part larger than the lower or outer. Keystones are often in the form of consoles. Whereas "corbel" is used outside architecture, "console" is used for furniture, as in console table, other decorative arts where the motif appears.
The word "corbel" comes from Old French and derives from the Latin corbellus, a diminutive of corvus, which refers to the beak-like appearance. The French refer to a bracket-corbel a load-bearing internal feature, as a corbeau. Norman corbels have a plain appearance, although they may be elaborately carved with stylised heads of humans, animals or imaginary "beasts", sometimes with other motifs. In the Early English period corbels were sometimes elaborately carved, as at Lincoln Cathedral, sometimes more so. Corbels sometimes end with a point growing into the wall, or forming a knot, are supported by angels and other figures. In the periods the carved foliage and other ornaments used on corbels resemble those used in the capitals of columns. Throughout England, in half-timber work, wooden corbels abound, carrying window-sills or oriel windows in wood, which are carved; the corbels carrying balconies in Italy and France were sometimes of great size and richly carved, some of the finest examples of the Italian "Cinquecento" style are found in them.
Taking a cue from 16th-century practice, the Paris-trained designers of 19th-century Beaux-Arts architecture were encouraged to show imagination in varying corbels. A corbel table is a projecting moulded string course supported by a range of corbels. Sometimes these corbels carry a small arcade under the string course, the arches of which are pointed and trefoiled; as a rule the corbel table carries the gutter, but in Lombard work the arcaded corbel table was utilized as a decoration to subdivide the storeys and break up the wall surface. In Italy sometimes over the corbels will form a moulding, above a plain piece of projecting wall forming a parapet; the corbels carrying the arches of the corbel tables in Italy and France were elaborately moulded, sometimes in two or three courses projecting over one another. In modern chimney construction, a corbel table is constructed on the inside of a flue in the form of a concrete ring beam supported by a range of corbels; the corbels can be either in-situ or pre-cast concrete.
The corbel tables described here are built at ten-metre intervals to ensure stability of the barrel of refractory bricks constructed thereon. Corbelling, where rows of corbels build a wall out from the vertical, has long been used as a simple kind of vaulting, for example in many Neolithic chambered cairns, where walls are corbelled in until the opening can be spanned by a slab. In medieval architecture the technique was used to support upper storeys or a parapet projecting forward from the wall plane to form machicolation; this became a decorative feature, without the openings. Corbelling supporting upper stories and supporting projecting corner turrets subsequently became a characteristic of the Scottish baronial style. Medieval timber-framed buildings employ jettying, where upper stories are cantilevered out on projecting wooden beams in a similar manner to corbelling. Atlas Dentil Eave Fireplace mantel Modillion Muqarna Chisholm, Hugh, ed.. "Corbel". Encyclopædia Britannica. Cambridge University Press.
The CRSBI website has many examples of James Stevens. A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. Oxford University Press. Pp. 880 pages. ISBN 0-19-860678-8. Beyond-the-pale A discursive and richly-illustrated website showing corbels on hundreds of churches in the British Isles and Spain, depicting the sins of the flesh and their punishment An illustrated glossary of the terms used masonry construction
Tron Kirk
The Tron Kirk is a former principal parish church in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is a well-known landmark on the Royal Mile, it was built in the 17th century and closed as a church in 1952. Having stood empty for over fifty years, it was used as a tourist information centre and, more has been re-opened as the site of the Edinburgh World Heritage Exhibition and John Kay’s book and gift shop; the church was dedicated to Christ by the citizens of Edinburgh in 1641, known as "Christ's Kirk at the Tron". It was built for the North-West parish, one of the four parishes of Edinburgh after the Scottish Reformation of 1560. Prior to the erection of this new church, parishioners of the North-West parish worshipped in St. Giles' Cathedral. An English traveller, visiting the Tron in 1705, recorded his impression in his diary:—"The Nobility resort to the Tron Church, the principally and the Lord High Commissioner has a Throne erected in it, in a spatious Gallery, on his right hand sits the Lord Chancellor, on his left the Lord Provost of Edenborough."
There were special grants of pews made by the Edinburgh Town Council to noblemen, Senators of the College of Justice, citizens of Edinburgh Old Town and Professors of the University. A full list of seat-holders has been preserved for 1650, the year of the battle of Dunbar, for 1745, when Bonnie Prince Charlie was in Edinburgh. Upon the entrance of the Prince to Edinburgh, he intimated that ministers should have full liberty to continue their duties on the following day—Sunday—the only requirement being that no names should be mentioned in the prayers for the royal family; the service at the Tron was taken by the Reverend Neil McVicar of St. Cuthbert's, the two Presbyterian ministers at the Tron having left the city; the church was packed and he prayed as usual for King George by name and added—"and as for this young man who has come among us seeking an earthly crown, we beseech Thee that he may obtain what is far better, a heavenly one!" When this was reported to Prince Charles, he is said to have laughed and expressed himself pleased at the courage and charity of the minister.
In 1697, Thomas Aikenhead, an 18-year-old student, became the last person in Scotland to be executed for the crime of blasphemy after a fellow student reported that he had blasphemed against God outside the Tron Kirk. Aikenhead was prosecuted for saying "I wish I were in that place Ezra calls hell so I could warm myself" as he walked by the kirk on his way back from a night of drinking with some classmates; the baptisms and marriages of many Edinburgh luminaries took place in the Tron, one being the marriage of the famous jurist John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall on 21 January 1669, to Janet, daughter of Sir Andrew Ramsay, Lord Abbotshall, 1st Baronet, the first Lord Provost of Edinburgh, a Senator of the College of Justice. On 25 April 1694 Helen, daughter of George Ogilvy, 2nd Lord Banff by his spouse Agnes, daughter of Alexander 1st Lord Falconer, of Halkerstoun, married Sir Robert Lauder of Beilmouth in the Tron. Rev John Drysdale, who married Mary Adam, daughter of the famous architect William Adam, was a Minister of the Tron Kirk from 1766 to 1788 and was twice Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, though now he is chiefly remembered for his friendship with Adam Smith, the economist.
The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland met in the Tron from 1830 to 1840—the period of the "Ten Years' Conflict". The Tron, as it is called, was ordered to be built by King Charles I when he decided that St Giles' was to become the cathedral for the new see of Edinburgh; the land was purchased by the parish from MD, for £ 1000 Scots. It was erected between 1647 to a design by John Mylne, Royal master mason; the design was inspired by contemporary Dutch architecture. The full Chamberlain's Accounts for this project are still extant; the width of the building was reduced when both side aisles were removed in 1785 to accommodate the South Bridge and Blair Street leading to Hunter Square. In 1828 a new spire was constructed to replace the original, destroyed in the Great Edinburgh Fire of November 1824; the Tron closed as a church in 1952 and was acquired by the City of Edinburgh Council, the congregation moving to a new church in the Moredun area of the city. It was subsequently left to decay, the interiors were gutted.
Excavations took place under the church, from within, in 1974, which revealed some foundations of 16th century buildings in a long-vanished close named Marlins Wynd. A debate continues as to; the Tron's position as the traditional focus of Edinburgh's Hogmanay celebrations has been diminished in recent years, due to the expansion of the City Council's organised Hogmanay Street Party in the city centre. However, it was announced in November 2012 that this historic venue would re-stake its claim to the city's hogmanay celebrations, with a Festival of the Extraordinary planned to include live music, film screenings and, amongst other things, a mixology masterclass; the Tron is used as a venue during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, when it has been operated by Just The Tonic and Freestival as a music and cabaret venue and cafe. A new exhibition which showcases the Old and New Towns of Edinburgh, as well as Scotland’s other five World Heritage Sites, is in place at the Tron Kirk; the exhibition, housed within the atmospheric 17th century former Kirk, attempts to capture the essence of the World Heritage Site in Edinburgh through the voices and opinions of local people.
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