Pathological science is an area of research where "people are tricked into false results... by subjective effects, wishful thinking or threshold interactions." The term was coined by Irving Langmuir,
Irving Langmuir coined the term pathological science in a talk in 1953.
Dowsing is a type of divination employed in attempts to locate many types of objects and materials without the use of technical equipment or a scientific apparatus. It may be applied to seek ground wa
Pathological science
…1985 version of Langmuir's speech offered more examples, although at least one of these (polywater) occurred entirely after Langmuir's death in 1957: Water dowsing Martian canals (observed in late 19th century and early 20th century, they turned out to be optical illusions…
A dowser, from an 18th-century French book about superstitions
Dowsing for metal ore, from 1556 "De re metallica libri XII" book
Use of a divining Rod observed in Great Britain in the late 18th century
Skeptic James Randi at a lecture at Rockefeller University, on October 10, 2008, holding a US$800 device advertised as a dowsing instrument