1.
Caltrain
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Caltrain is a California commuter rail line on the San Francisco Peninsula and in the Santa Clara Valley. The northern terminus of the line is in San Francisco at 4th, extra trains were often run for special events held in AT&T Park in San Francisco, Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, and SAP Center in San Jose. Caltrain operates 92 weekday trains,6 of which are extended to Gilroy, weekday ridership in February 2016 averaged 62,416, up 83% since 2010. Caltrain is governed by the Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board which consists of agencies from the three counties served by Caltrain, San Francisco, San Mateo and Santa Clara, each member agency has three representatives on a nine-member Board of Directors. The member agencies are the City and County of San Francisco, SamTrans, Caltrain has 29 regular stops, one football-only stop, and two weekend-only stops. As of October 2012 Caltrain runs 92 weekday trains,36 Saturday, the original commuter railroad built in 1863 was the San Francisco and San Jose Rail Road, it was purchased by Southern Pacific in 1870. Southern Pacific double-tracked the line in 1904 and rerouted it via Bayshore, after 1945, ridership declined with the rise in automobile use, in 1977 SP petitioned the state Public Utilities Commission to discontinue the commute operation because of ongoing losses. To preserve the service, in 1980 Caltrans contracted with SP. Caltrans purchased new locomotives and rolling stock, replacing SP equipment in 1985, Caltrans also upgraded stations, added shuttle buses to nearby employers, and dubbed the operation CalTrain. The Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board was formed in 1987 to manage the line, subsequently, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties commissioned Earth Metrics, Inc. to prepare an Environmental Impact Report on right-of-way acquisition and expansion of operations. With state and local funding, the PCJPB bought the right of way between San Francisco and San Jose from SP in 1991. The following year, PCJPB took responsibility for CalTrain operations and selected Amtrak as the contract operator, PCJPB extended the CalTrain service from San Jose to Gilroy, connecting to VTA Light Rail at Tamien Station in San Jose. In July 1995 CalTrain became accessible to passengers in wheelchairs, five months later, CalTrain increased the bicycle limit to 24 per train, making the service attractive to commuters in bicycle-friendly cities such as San Francisco and Palo Alto. In July 1997 the current logo was adopted, and the name became Caltrain. A year later, VTA extended its rail service from north Santa Clara to the Mountain View Caltrain station. In June 2003, a connection for the Bay Area Rapid Transit. In 2006, Caltrain announced that wireless internet access would be available on trains at no additional charge, Caltrain invested more than $1 million in researching and testing WiFi in 2006. Caltrain still hopes to offer the service eventually as part of a comprehensive communication package
2.
Commuter rail
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Trains operate following a schedule, at speeds varying from 50 to 200 km/h. Distance charges or zone pricing may be used and they primarily serve lower density suburban areas, and often share right-of-way with intercity or freight trains. Some services operate only during peak hours and others uses fewer departures during off peak hours, average speeds are high, often 50 km/h or higher. These higher speeds better serve the longer distances involved, some services include express services which skip some stations in order to run faster and separate longer distance riders from short-distance ones. The general range of commuter trains distance varies between 15 and 200 km, sometimes long distances can be explained by that the train runs between two or several cities. Distances between stations may vary, but are much longer than those of urban rail systems. In city centers the train either has a station or passes through the city centre with notably fewer station stops than those of urban rail systems. Toilets are often available on trains and in stations. Their ability to coexist with freight or intercity services in the same right-of-way can drastically reduce system construction costs, however, frequently they are built with dedicated tracks within that right-of-way to prevent delays, especially where service densities have converged in the inner parts of the network. Most such trains run on the standard gauge track. Some light rail systems may run on a narrower gauge, some countries, including Finland, India, Pakistan, Russia, Brazil and Sri Lanka, as well as San Francisco in the USA and Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia, use broad gauge track. The fact that the terminology is not standardised across countries further complicates matters, most S-bahns typically behave like commuter rail with most trackage not separated from other trains, and long lines with trains running between cities and suburbs rather than within a city. The distances between stations however, are usually short, in larger systems there is usually a high frequency metro-like central corridor in the city center where all the lines converge into. Typical examples of large city S-Bahns include Munich and Frankfurt, S-Bahns do also exist in some mid-size cities like Rostock and Magdeburg but behave more like typical commuter rail with lower frequencies and very little exclusive trackage. A similar network exists in Copenhagen called the S-tog, in Hamburg and Copenhagen, other, diesel driven trains, do continue where the S-Bahn ends. Regional rail usually provides rail services between towns and cities, rather than purely linking major population hubs in the way inter-city rail does, Regional rail operates outside major cities. Unlike Inter-city, it stops at most or all stations between cities and it provides a service between smaller communities along the line, and also connections with long-distance services at interchange stations located at junctions or at larger towns along the line. Alternative names are local train or stopping train, examples include the former BRs Regional Railways, Frances TER, Germanys DB Regio and South Koreas Tonggeun services
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Train station
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A train station, railway station, railroad station, or depot is a railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers or freight. It generally consists of at least one platform and a station building providing such ancillary services as ticket sales. If a station is on a line, it often has a passing loop to facilitate traffic movements. The smallest stations are most often referred to as stops or, in parts of the world. Stations may be at level, underground, or elevated. Connections may be available to intersecting rail lines or other modes such as buses. In British usage, the station is commonly understood to mean a railway station unless otherwise qualified. In the United States, the most common term in contemporary usage is train station, Railway station and railroad station are less frequent. Outside North America, a depot is place where buses, trains, or other vehicles are housed and maintained and from which they are dispatched for service. The two-storey Mount Clare station in Baltimore, Maryland, which survives as a museum, first saw service as the terminus of the horse-drawn Baltimore. The oldest terminal station in the world was Crown Street railway station in Liverpool, built in 1830, as the first train on the Liverpool-Manchester line left Liverpool, the station is slightly older than the Manchester terminal at Liverpool Road. The station was the first to incorporate a train shed, the station was demolished in 1836 as the Liverpool terminal station moved to Lime Street railway station. Crown Street station was converted to a goods station terminal, the first stations had little in the way of buildings or amenities. The first stations in the modern sense were on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, manchesters Liverpool Road Station, the second oldest terminal station in the world, is preserved as part of the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester. It resembles a row of Georgian houses, dual-purpose stations can sometimes still be found today, though in many cases goods facilities are restricted to major stations. In rural and remote communities across Canada and the United States, such stations were known as flag stops or flag stations. Many stations date from the 19th century and reflect the architecture of the time. Countries where railways arrived later may still have such architecture, as later stations often imitated 19th-century styles, various forms of architecture have been used in the construction of stations, from those boasting grand, intricate, Baroque- or Gothic-style edifices, to plainer utilitarian or modernist styles
5.
Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco
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Bayview-Hunters Point or The Bayview, is a neighborhood in the southeastern corner of San Francisco, California, United States. The decommissioned Hunters Point Naval Shipyard is located within its boundaries and Candlestick Park, Redevelopment projects for the neighborhood became the dominant issue of the 1990s and 2000s. Efforts include the Bayview Redevelopment Plan for Area B, which includes approximately 1300 acres of existing residential, commercial and industrial lands and this plan identifies seven economic activity nodes within the area. The former Navy Shipyard waterfront property is also the target of redevelopment to residential, commercial. The Bayview-Hunters Point district is located in the part of San Francisco. The boundaries are Cesar Chavez Boulevard to the north, U. S. Highway 101 to the west, Bayview Hill to the south, and the San Francisco Bay to the east. Neighborhoods within the district include Hunters Point, India Basin, Bayview, Silver Terrace, Bret Harte, Islais Creek Estuary, the entire southern half of the neighborhood is the Candlestick Point State Recreation Area as well as the Candlestick Park Stadium. Primarily composed of wetlands with some small hills, the area was inhabited by the Ohlone people prior to the arrival of Spanish missionaries in the 1700s. It was first surveyed in 1775 by Juan Bautista Aguirre, a pilot for Captain Juan Manuel de Ayala who named it La Punta Concha. Later explorers renamed it Beacon Point, for the next several decades it was used as pasture for cattle run by the Franciscan monks at Mission Dolores. In 1839, the area was part of the 4, 446-acre Rancho Rincon de las Salinas y Potrero Viejo Mexican land grant given to José Cornelio Bernal, following the California Gold Rush, Bernal sold Bayview-Hunters Point property for real estate development in 1849. Within ten years,18 slaughterhouses were located in the area along with their production facilities for tanning, fertilizer, wool. The reservation and the houses and businesses became known as Butchertown. The butcher industry declined following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake until 1971 when the final slaughterhouse closed, shipbuilding became integral to Bayview-Hunters Point in 1867 with the construction there of the first permanent drydock on the Pacific coast. World War I increased the contracts there for building Naval vessels and, in 1940 and they were a presence until the 1960s when they began moving into the suburbs. The shipbuilding industry saw an influx of blue collar workers into the neighborhood. This migration into Bayview increased substantially after World War II due to segregation and eviction of African Americans from homes elsewhere in the city. Between 1940 and 1950, the population of Bayview saw an increase to 51,000 residents
6.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
7.
22nd Street station (Caltrain)
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22nd Street is a Caltrain commuter rail station on 22nd Street beneath the I-280 freeway in San Francisco, California. It is the only station in the Caltrain system. The only way for passengers to reach the platforms is by stairway, like all Caltrain stations except San Francisco 4th & King and San Jose Diridon, the station is unstaffed, passengers buy tickets from machines. In Southern Pacific days the station was called 23rd St, Ticket Machines Caltrain 8-Ride Ticket Validators MUNI48 Quintara-24th Street Media related to 22nd Street at Wikimedia Commons Caltrain 22nd Street station page
8.
Bayshore station (Caltrain)
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Bayshore is a Caltrain commuter rail station on the border of San Francisco, California and Brisbane, California. The parking lot and about the fourth of the platforms are in the Visitacion Valley District of San Francisco. The official address is in San Francisco, like most Caltrain stations it is not staffed with ticket sellers, passengers buy tickets from machines. Caltrain Ticket Machines Caltrain 8-Ride Ticket Validators Pedestrian walkway above tracks to cross to the opposite platform, four tracks pass through, two in the middle and two side tracks for trains stopping at the station. During commute hours on weekdays, some trains are scheduled to wait at Bayshore on the tracks until the Baby Bullet passes on the bypass track. A centerline fence prevents passengers from running across the four rails, Muni intended to establish another light rail connection to the Bayshore station at Visitacion Valley in southern San Francisco with its new Third Street light rail extension. To complicate matters, this connection has also plagued by cost. The Third Street extension opened in early 2007 without the connection, the closest Muni station, Arleta Station, is about a seven-minute walk north from the Bayshore Caltrain station. Bayshore was established by the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1907 along the new Bayshore Cutoff, the railroad planned to build an extensive terminal facility in Visitacion Valley that would serve as the primary maintenance and marshaling facility for the San Francisco Peninsula. Financial problems delayed completion of the project, and the 250-acre Bayshore rail yard, the facility operated around the clock and employed over 1,000 workers. The Bayshore shops maintained all the locomotives on the Southern Pacifics Coast Division which stretched south to Santa Barbara, by 1952, this was 133 steam engines, but by 1954, diesel-electric locomotives had become common enough that the Bayshore steam shops were closed. The roundhouse continued to service locomotives, but the decline of industry and shipping in San Francisco. Media related to Bayshore at Wikimedia Commons Caltrain Bayshore station page Vistacion Valley TOD Project Brisbane Baylands Project
9.
T Third Street
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The T Third Street is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco, California. It is the first new rail line in San Francisco in more than half a century. It is also the first true light rail line in the mostly streetcar Muni Metro system, as it mostly in a street median. Testing on the line took place in summer 2006, with limited service starting on January 13,2007, and full service beginning on April 7,2007. In the future, the line may be extended to Caltrains Bayshore Station and, in the other direction, each train displays its ultimate destination. This system will continue in place until the Central Subway is operational, from there the T turns south on Fourth Street, crossing the bridge over Mission Creek before joining Third Street for the majority of the routes length. It passes through Mission Bay where the UCSF Mission Bay branch is located, then continues on south through the Bayview, once both economically impoverished parts of the City, they have slowly experienced rehabilitation and rebuilding mainly helped by the new T line. From there the T follows Bayshore Boulevard for two stations until it reaches its terminus at Sunnydale Station. A section of track one more block until stopped short at the Daly City limits. All stations along this line feature high platforms, eliminating the need for the raising and lowering of entrance, stations south of Fourth and King feature short platforms that accommodate only two-car trains. The T Third also uses the Muni Metro terminology in which a train goes from West Portal to Embarcadero. This also means that an outbound T Third train runs from Sunnydale and this is the reverse of other lines, as those lines have their outer termini on the southwest and west sides of the city, and those trains enter the subway from the west going inbound toward downtown. T-Third has been built in phases, the first phase extended rail service south to Sunnydale Station. The second phase, currently under construction, is known as the Central Subway project. The southern segment from Sunnydale to 4th and King Street will remain as-is, operating on street-level median tracks. After 4th and King, the line will proceed to a new 4th and Brannan Station, a proposed third phase would build an extension beyond Chinatown, including new stations at Washington Square in North Beach and Fishermans Wharf. In preparation, the tunnels were bored past Chinatown Station, a conceptual fourth phase has been advanced by SFMTA and transit advocates to further extend the line west of Fishermans Wharf to the Presidio. Initially upon opening, the T Third was operated from Castro Station to Bayshore, in the aftermath of the Muni Meltdown of 2007, the T Third was suspended from operating as a distinct line, in favor of being through-routed with the K Ingleside
10.
San Francisco Municipal Railway
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The San Francisco Municipal Railway is the public transit system for the city and county of San Francisco, California. In 2006, it served 46.7 square miles with an budget of about $700 million. In ridership Muni is the seventh largest transit system in the United States, with 210,848,310 rides in 2006 and the second largest in California behind Metro in Los Angeles. With a fleet average speed of 8.1 mph, it is the slowest major urban transit system in America and one of the most expensive to operate, costing $19.21 per mile per bus and $24.37 per mile per train. However, it has more boardings per mile and more vehicles in operation than similar transit agencies, many weekday riders are commuters, as the daytime weekday population in San Francisco exceeds its normal residential population. Muni shares four metro stations with BART, on weekends, most Muni bus lines are scheduled to run every ten to twenty minutes. However, complaints of unreliability, especially on less-often-served lines and older lines, are a system-wide problem. Muni has had difficulty meeting a stated goal of 85% voter-demanded on-time service. Most intercity connections are provided by BART and Caltrain heavy rail, AC Transit buses at the Transbay Terminal, 70% of stops are spaced closer than recommended range of 800–1,000 feet apart. Muni is short for the Municipal in San Francisco Municipal Railway and is not an acronym, thus, the Muni metro is often called the train or the streetcar. Most San Francisco natives use Muni when speaking about the system in general, the E Embarcadero and F Market & Wharves lines are referred to by Muni as a historic streetcar line rather than as a heritage railway. Munis logo is a stylized, trademarked worm version of the word muni and this logo was designed by San Francisco-based graphic designer Walter Landor in the mid-1970s. Bus and trolleybus lines have number designations, rail lines have letters, except for cable cars, cash fares are $2.50 for adults, $1. Clipper card fares are $2.25 for adults and $1 for seniors, youth, proof-of-payment, which fare inspectors may demand at any time, is either a Clipper card, Muni Passport, or paper transfer. One fare entitles a rider to unlimited vehicle transfers for the next 90 to 120 minutes, cable cars are $7 one way, with no transfers unless the rider has a Muni Passport or Fast Pass. As of September 2014 monthly passes cost $70 for adults, $35 for low-income residents, or $24 for youth, seniors, passes are valid on all Muni lines—including cable cars—and the $83 adult Fast Pass allows BART transit entirely within San Francisco. Other passes and stickers are valid on all Muni lines, including cable cars, cable car fare is $7 per trip, with no transfers issued or accepted. Muni has implemented a smart card payment system known as Clipper
11.
City College of San Francisco
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City College of San Francisco, or CCSF, is a two-year community college in San Francisco, California. The Ocean Avenue campus, bordering the Sunnyside, Westwood Park, the College has locations across the District. City College of San Francisco first opened on September 4,1935 as San Francisco Junior College and it was nicknamed Trolley Car College in the early days since students were forced to travel extensively to get between campuses. As the enrollment grew over time, so did the CCSF campus, in February 1948, the name was changed to City College of San Francisco. It now consists of eleven campuses, the Ocean Campus being the primary one, since its founding in 1935, City College has evolved into a multicultural, multi-campus community college that is one of the largest in the country. CCSF offers courses in more than 50 academic programs and over 100 occupational disciplines, in 2012, the college began experiencing significant public turmoil. In July of 2013, the ACCJC elected to take action to terminate the colleges accreditation, subject to a one-year review, the decision was based on a variety of deficiencies in standards. A Fiscal Crisis & Management Assistance Team report was expected to be released by the end of July 2013, the 2013 decision to revoke accreditation in 2014 was put on hold pending the legal challenges. Two years later, ACCJC reaffirmed the colleges accreditation for seven years, the Student Activities Office provides resources, support and leadership training for eight Associated Students Councils and more than 80 clubs and student organizations. It sponsors a variety of concerts and lectures throughout the year. Students can also avail themselves of the Fitness Center, enjoy nationally ranked intercollegiate sports, the College also features a student-run newspaper, The Guardsman, an award-winning magazine, ETC as well as television and radio stations. Performances given by students in music, dance, and theatre Arts further enhance campus life, currently, there is a Queer Alliance student group and a Queer Resource Center on campus. The Queer Resource Center is an academic and informational resource center for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender queer, intersex, questioning, the Queer Resource Center aims to empower and celebrate its demographic as well as its community. The center has participated in anti-violence, anti-homophobia, and anti-transphobia rallies, on campus, there are numerous student activity groups, gender-specific courses, and health services. CCSF is part of the San Francisco Community College District which is independent and co-extensive with the City and County of San Francisco, the districts Board of Trustees is elected by San Francisco residents. District funds are allocated from the legislature, local property taxes, student tuition and fees, lottery funds, sales tax funds. On July 3,2013, the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges voted to revoke CCSFs accreditation, ACCJC has made recommendations to the college several times about major problems. In July 2012, ACCJC gave the eight months to prove it should remain accredited and ordered it to make preparations for closure
12.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
13.
Broadway station (Caltrain)
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Broadway is a Caltrain station in Burlingame, California. Caltrain only serves this stop on weekends and holidays, weekday service is provided by a bus shuttle to Millbrae. The resulting delays were the reason this became a weekend-only station. Media related to Broadway station at Wikimedia Commons Caltrain Broadway station page
14.
Burlingame station
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Burlingame is a Caltrain station in Burlingame, California. With the completion of new northbound and southbound side platforms in early 2008 the hold-out rule has been eliminated and this change increased concerns over pedestrian safety. A few months later, a resident, unaware of the change, was struck. On February 25,2008, Caltrain opened the new platform at the station. This included new ticket machines, wheelchair accessibility, and LED-indicator signs, on April 1, Caltrain opened the newly renovated southbound platform. The temporary southbound platform extension that lengthened the platform by about 100 feet to the north was then demolished, media related to Burlingame at Wikimedia Commons Caltrain Burlingame station page
15.
California Avenue station
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California Avenue is a Caltrain station at milepost 31.7 in Palo Alto, California. It stops at the town center of Mayfield, which was annexed by the town of Palo Alto in 1925. The current structure was built in 1983 at the time as the nearby Palo Alto Central condominium complex. In 2008 Caltrain completed construction of a new underground passage and other improvements to the Palo Alto, a new northbound platform on the east side of the tracks was added. The improvements at the California Avenue station improved safety by replacing the pedestrian crossing with a pedestrian underpass. The center boarding platform was replaced with outside boarding platforms, a fence between the tracks helps keep passengers off the tracks. A ticket vending machine is located at the entrance to the pedestrian underpass so that people can buy or validate their tickets before going to the northbound platform, new shelters for passengers needing assistance are located at the northern end of the platforms, next to the manual wheelchair lifts. The shelters have been modified to accommodate wheelchairs, the California Avenue station is ranked 12th in weekday riders as of 2015 based on the 2015 Caltrain Ridership Counts Publication. Ridership has been recorded at an average of 1,553 weekday riders, station is served by few trains compared to those of similar ridership levels. Starting April 2017, California Ave will be served by Baby Bullet Express trains in the PM peak, a hold-out rule used to exist at this station, where only one train could enter at a time. The new outside-boarding platforms and pedestrian under-crossing eliminated the need for the hold-out rule
16.
College Park station (Caltrain)
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College Park is a lightly used Caltrain station in San Jose, California. It is served by two trains in each direction Monday through Friday, and no train stops there on weekends or holidays and it is in Caltrain Fare Zone 4. College Park serves Bellarmine College Preparatory, a secondary school. Before Caltrain, College Park was a station on Southern Pacifics Peninsula Commute line and it is mentioned in Jack Londons 1903 novel The Call of the Wild. In August 2005, service was reduced from 12 daily trains to four, due to the small size of the station, only two cars within a 5-car train are capable of opening their doors to allow passengers to board/disembark. Caltrain Ticket Machines Sheltered Waiting Bench Clipper Card Validator Media related to College Park at Wikimedia Commons Station information Station information
17.
Gilroy station
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Gilroy is a Caltrain station located in Gilroy, California. It is the southernmost terminus on the Caltrain line, and is served during commute hours on weekdays. It is located in Fare Zone 6, Gilroy is a former Southern Pacific Railroad depot that was adopted by the Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board. Amtraks Coast Starlight passes through Gilroy between Salinas and San Jose Diridon, but does not stop, once every year, Caltrain operated a special limited-stop train from San Francisco to Gilroy that operated during the weekend of the Gilroy Garlic Festival in Christmas Hill Park. Shuttle buses would take passengers from the Caltrain station to the festival, when weekend service resumed in 2004, Caltrain opted to end the annual Garlic Train. The Golden Gate Railroad Museum chartered weekend trains to Gilroy during the festival for a few years, Caltrain announced that the Garlic Train would resume service for the 2013 Garlic Festival. The Gilroy Rail Station is one of two sites that California High Speed Rail is considering for its Gilroy stop, with the site on lands immediately east of Gilroy Premium Outlets. Media related to Gilroy Station at Wikimedia Commons Station information Station information Park & Ride Lots - Gilroy Caltrain Station at VTA
18.
Hillsdale station (Caltrain)
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Hillsdale is one of three Caltrain stations in San Mateo, California. The station is next to the Bay Meadows Racetrack and close to the Hillsdale Shopping Center and this station also has bus service to and from San Francisco International Airport. Until December 20,2005, the former Bay Meadows Racetrack had the now-closed Bay Meadows station, when Hillsdale was renovated, the platform was extended a few hundred feet to the north, eliminating the need for the separate station. Hillsdale is now the closest station to the former racetrack area, the City of San Mateo applied for Measure A funds for a grade separation project in 2013. As part of the grade separation project, Hillsdale Station will be relocated closer to the development at Bay Meadows. Construction is expected to start in 2017 and complete by 2020, media related to Hillsdale station at Wikimedia Commons Caltrain Hillsdale station page
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Menlo Park station
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Menlo Park is a Caltrain station located in Menlo Park, California. The station was built in 1867 by the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad. During the 1890s, Southern Pacific added Victorian ornamentation to the depot to make it more attractive to students. The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and it is also within walking distance of the oldest Round Table Pizza. Caltrain ticket machines 8-Ride ticket validators Media related to Menlo Park Railroad Station at Wikimedia Commons Caltrain Menlo Park station page California State Historic Landmark #955
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Millbrae station
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The Millbrae Intermodal Terminal is an at-grade Bay Area Rapid Transit and Caltrain station located in suburban Millbrae, California, in northern San Mateo County. It was expected to support over 30,000 BART trips per day, Millbrae Station is the largest intermodal terminal in the United States west of the Mississippi. It has three tracks for BART and two for Caltrain. An island platform allows a connection between the two systems. A concourse mezzanine is above the platforms, currently two BART tracks and one island platform usually are kept out of regular service, used instead to hold train sets that are also out of service. The station is also a bus transit hub with multiple bus bays served by several SamTrans lines. Millbrae Station has about 2,900 parking spaces, including a parking garage. The Reserved Parking areas cost $2/day from 10am-3pm on weekdays, a free Library-a-Go-Go Peninsula Library System library book vending machine was added in May 2011. The station has daily Caltrain commuter rail service along the line between San Jose and San Francisco. Midday trains are hourly each way, service is frequent during commute hours. Service south of San Jose to Gilroy is limited to three weekday round trips. Passengers who board the train without a ticket are subject to fines of up to $250 plus court fees. Passengers who use the electronic Clipper card to ride the Caltrain must remember to tag on their card prior to boarding, if they board the train without tagging on, they will be subject to the same fines. In addition, Caltrain passengers are charged the maximum one way fare when they tag on prior to boarding the train, if passengers who use the Clipper card forget to tag off when they exit the train, they will be charged the highest cash fare from point of origin. In 2015, construction began on the rail system. If completed as planned, Millbrae would serve as one of one or two stations between San Francisco and San Jose, and would allow high-speed rail passengers to reach SFO via BART. $290 million has been allocated to lengthen the platforms for connection to High Speed Rail, before the Millbrae Intermodal Terminal was built for the BART San Mateo Extension terminus Millbrae had a free Caltrain shuttle bus between the station and San Francisco International Airport. The former Southern Pacific Depot has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 1,1978, in 1985 Caltrain service began at the original Millbrae depot, replacing Southern Pacific trains that had operated along the San Francisco Peninsula since the early 20th century
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Palo Alto station
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Palo Alto is the main train station in Palo Alto, California and the second busiest in the Caltrain system after the 4th and King Street Station in downtown San Francisco. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance, the station building is across the tracks from Alma Street, with a car entrance to the parking lot at Alma Street and Lytton Avenue. It is on the west side of Downtown Palo Alto and offers access to the downtown Palo Alto Area. It is one of two stations in Palo Alto, the other is south at Alma and California Avenue. On December 11,2009, Cafe Venetia opened inside the historic Palo Alto train station, the station is in the Streamline Moderne style which has connections with American history and is not typically found in Palo Alto. During the 1920s and 1930s most significant buildings in town were designed by an architect, Birge Clark. On October 22,1940 the cornerstone was laid for the new station designed by J. H. Christie. It replaced an 1897 station, it was part of the grade separation project that moved the tracks a few feet southwest from the line that had extended south from Redwood City. The building is 215 feet long by 25 feet wide with an arcade in front, the interior has a ticket office, waiting room, rest rooms, baggage room and a passageway between the waiting room and baggage room. The interior is not open to the now, tickets are purchased from machines on the platform. The interior has a mural by John McQuarrie depicting Leland Stanfords dream of a University influenced by a pageant of transportation and it shows facts and events in the development of California. This one-story streamlined Southern Pacific station personifies the tendency of the 1930s to style buildings like transportation machinery, the building has all the trademarks, porthole windows, horizontal parallel lines to indicate speed and glass blocks. The station was refurbished in the 1980s, due to the high number of bicyclists in Palo Alto, a bike station has been built inside the old Southern Pacific baggage room. There is now a fee to leave a bike there. Use of these facilities requires sign-up
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San Antonio station (Caltrain)
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San Antonio is a Caltrain station in Mountain View, California. It opened in 1999, replacing Castro, a station at Rengstorff Avenue,0.8 miles to the south, a pedestrian tunnel at the south end of the platform area connects the two platforms. An apartment complex near the station has a Valley Transit Authority underground Park and its located behind the San Antonio Shopping Center
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San Bruno station (Caltrain)
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San Bruno is a Caltrain station in San Bruno, California. It is just northeast of downtown San Bruno, above the intersection of San Mateo and San Bruno Avenues and this allowed construction of the BART subway beneath the Caltrain tracks to the airport. The temporary station was open from 2000 to 2003, and a new Caltrain station at the 1962 location reopened in 2003 shortly before completion of the BART extension. Trains began using the tracks on May 26,2013. Media related to San Bruno station at Wikimedia Commons Caltrain San Bruno station page
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San Francisco 4th and King Street Station
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It is next to a Muni Metro light rail station, which provides connections to downtown San Francisco and Bay Area Rapid Transit. The station is in the Mission Bay/China Basin area, bordered on the north by Townsend Street, east by 3rd Street, west by 4th Street and it opened on June 21,1975, replacing a station built in 1914 at 3rd and Townsend, one block away. The Muni extension to the station was opened in 1998, the Caltrain Downtown Extension project to the rebuilt Transbay Terminal includes the construction of an underground 4th and King station. The underground station will be next to the current station on the Townsend side, until that time, California High-Speed Rail trains may also utilize the existing station. All 96 weekday trains and all Saturday and Sunday trains utilize the station as a terminal, San Francisco Giants service 4th and King is one block from AT&T Park, the home of the San Francisco Giants. Caltrain usually operates special trains to transport fans to baseball games, special trains usually depart about fifteen minutes after the last out. One special train, leaving 15 minutes after the last out, expresses to San Carlos and this train is not available for daytime weekday games. Giants fans can either walk or take the Muni to the ballpark, Muni operates special trains from Caltrain to the ballpark on game days. 4th and King hosts a number of Muni bus lines, the E Embarcadero historic streetcar line, and Munis T Third Street and N Judah lines run to Market St downtown. N Judah service replaced the J Church on June 30,2007, the nearest BART access is the Powell Street station, a 1-mile walk up 4th street then left on Market St. California Shuttle Bus runs to Los Angeles via Oakland and San Jose, service to Chinatown via Munis Central Subway will connect to this station in 2019 after a realignment of the T Third Street lines route
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San Jose Diridon station
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San Jose Diridon is the central passenger rail depot for San Jose, California. It also serves as a hub for Santa Clara County. The station is on the Union Pacific Coast Line tracks at 65 Cahill Street in San Jose, the depot is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its Italian Renaissance Revival style architectural and historical significance. The station is served by Caltrain, ACE, VTA light rail and this is in addition to bus services by California Shuttle Bus, Amtrak Thruway Bus, Monterey-Salinas Transit, San Benito Transit, Santa Cruz Metro, SMART, local VTA and employer shuttles and buses. It is to have Bay Area Rapid Transit service when the Silicon Valley BART extension is complete and is to be preceded by a Downtown San Jose BART station, the Cahill Depot opened in December 1935. The opening of the depot was the culmination of a 30-year effort to relocate 4, the new depot replaced the Fourth Street lines station. The Cahill Depot was a stop for several Southern Pacific passenger trains, including the famous San Francisco–Los Angeles train, other named trains that used the station were the all first-class Lark, and the Del Monte. Amtrak took over long distance train service in 1971. Restoration of the station was finished in 1994, when the station was renamed Diridon Station after former Santa Clara County Supervisor Rod Diridon, in 1996, Santa Clara County voters approved a half cent sales tax to fund the 1996 Measure B Transportation Improvement Project. Part of this project was the construction of the Vasona Light Rail extension which included a VTA light rail platform at the Diridon train depot, the passenger platform was featured in the opening scene of Alfred Hitchcocks Marnie as representing the Hartford, Connecticut, train station. Of Amtraks 74 California stations, San Jose was the 19th-busiest in FY2010, the depot is in the Italian Renaissance Revival style, with a three-story central section flanked by two-story wings. The building, a compilation of rectangular sections, is 390 feet long and 40 feet to 78 feet wide, the central section, which contains the passenger waiting room, measures 40 by 80 feet and is 33 feet high. The high center pavilion housing the room is constructed of steel columns. The side wings are framed with wood, the exterior walls are clad with tapestry brick or varied colors and arranged in an English bond pattern. The depot is in an area formerly dominated by warehouses. Several vernacular sheds, a tower, butterfly passenger sheds. This depot is one of only four Italian Renaissance Revival style depots in California, the only other large depot built in California during the 1930s was the Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal. The high-speed rail track and platform locations have not been determined yet, the BART station will be called Diridon/Arena and planned to be a subway station adjacent to the train station and Santa Clara Street
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Santa Clara station (California)
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The Santa Clara Depot is one of two heavy railway stations in Santa Clara, California. The Santa Clara station has a platform serving the southbound Caltrain track. The island platform is connected to the platform by a pedestrian tunnel. Additional tracks are northeast of the Caltrain tracks used by Amtrak, Altamont Corridor Express, the platforms have been rebuilt to eliminate the hold out rule and permit ACE and Amtrak Capitol Corridor trains to stop at the station. The original 24x50 board and batten depot was one of the two way stations built between San Francisco and San Jose, plans for a railroad linking San Francisco and San Jose began as early as 1851. Though the 1851 scheme ultimately failed, the incorporation of the San Francisco, the first passenger service to San Francisco started in January 1864. The Southern Pacific Railroad acquired the San Francisco & San Jose Railroad in 1868, the depot, originally on the east side of the tracks, was moved to its present location in 1877 and attached to the existing 32x50 freight house constructed several years earlier. Because of the volume of agricultural freight shipped from the depot. On November 1,1877, the San Jose Mercury reported the facility nearing completion, following construction of the railroad, farming and fruit-related industries developed in the Santa Clara area, with the depot serving as a focal point for shipping. Rail service provided the link to San Francisco and, in the later 1870s. Typical of these efforts were those of James A. Dawson, by the turn of the century, the Pratt-Low Preserving Company, the largest fruit packing plant in central California, was located just south of the depot. The California Department of Transportation acquired the depot from Southern Pacific in 1980 and it was placed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. In cooperation with the South Bay Historical Railroad Society, a group founded the same year, they began renovation work in 1986 on the depot. A group of volunteers spent over 25,000 hours hauling away debris, replacing support timbers, siding, exterior decking and interior flooring, scraping peeling paint, painting and many other repairs. The station is a transportation center, with Caltrain and Altamont Corridor Express train service. Bus service is extensive and includes limited-stop and, since July 2005, Amtrak Capitol Corridor trains began stopping at the station on May 21,2012, giving Caltrain a second direct connection to Amtrak. Of Amtraks 74 California stations, Santa Clara University was the 73rd-busiest in FY2012, rather, it was decided that two Peninsula stations would be sufficient, one in Palo Alto or Redwood City, and the other serving the larger San Francisco International Airport. This station is planned as the station for the BART extension to San Jose in the second
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South San Francisco station (Caltrain)
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South San Francisco is a Caltrain station in South San Francisco, California, served by local and limited-stop trains. The station is on the east side of Highway 101 beneath East Grand Avenue, in 2012, a southbound Baby Bullet express train passing through the station narrowly avoided striking passengers for a northbound train stopped at South San Francisco. The Baby Bullet express did not have a stop at the station and had ignored the hold-out rule. Automobiles can reach the station from Dubuque Avenue, and a pedestrian staircase climbs to Grand Avenue, several SamTrans routes run near the station on Airport Boulevard, but hills and tight turns make it impossible for large buses to access the station from Dubuque. The south end of the parking lot features a mural on the retaining wall for Grand Avenue entitled Prometheus Brings Fire to Man by artist Nicolai Larsen. This would allow buses currently stopping on Airport Boulevard to directly service the station, in 2012 Caltrain and the City of South San Francisco began work on a Downtown Station Area Plan to redevelop the area around the station and make it easier to reach downtown from the station. The project would update the station by renovating the southbound platform and extending it south, the project would include a bus and shuttle drop-off area on Airport Blvd. and an ADA-compliant pedestrian underpass to the new platform that would connect with Grand Avenue and Airport Boulevard. The plan was approved in February 2015 and will be funded by $49.1 million in San Mateo County Measure A funds, the current plan calls for a new 700-foot long center boarding platform with a pedestrian underpass connecting the platform to Grand Avenue and Poletti Drive. Although construction was scheduled to begin in 2016, the design was not finalized until December 2016, the new station is still projected to open in 2019. Media related to South San Francisco at Wikimedia Commons Caltrain South San Francisco station page Atkins, South San Francisco Downtown Station Area Specific Plan, Draft Environmental Impact Report. South San Francisco Downtown Station Area Specific Plan, Final Environmental Impact Report, pedestrian Access to South San Francisco Caltrain Station Gets a Boost. South San Francisco Caltrain 9-14 on YouTube
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Tamien Station
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Tamien Station is an intermodal passenger transportation station served by the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail system, two bus routes, and the Caltrain commuter rail line. The station has two distinct elevated rail platforms – one for Caltrain, the other for light rail, each is a center platform with two trackways. The two platforms are connected by a walkway at ground-level that is below the two platforms, currently, Caltrain does not serve this station during the middle of the day on weekdays. On weekends, a Caltrain shuttle bus instead of a train connects Tamien to the San Jose Diridon station, the station is named after the Tamien who were some of the Ohlone, a Native American people. The Caltrain platform is located between Lick Avenue and State Route 87, just north of Alma Avenue, menlo Park, CA, Ballena Press Publication,1994. Media related to Tamien Station at Wikimedia Commons Station information Station information
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Salinas station
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Salinas is a passenger rail station in Salinas, California, United States. The depot, constructed in 1941 by the Southern Pacific Railroad, Spanish Revival elements include the red tile roof and stuccoed walls, while the Art Deco influence is visible in the rectilinear composition and clean lines. Of the 74 California stations served by Amtrak, Salinas was the 51st-busiest in FY2012, greyhound moved its Salinas station here in 2015. The Transportation Agency for Monterey County has plans for expanding this station to enable Caltrain or Amtraks Capitol Corridor to be extended to this station as well and this station is located in Monterey County. Amtrak – Stations – Salinas, CA Salinas Amtrak Station Salinas --Great American Stations
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Salesforce Transit Center
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The Transbay Transit Center is a transit station and neighborhood development project in downtown San Francisco that will serve the San Francisco Bay Area’s regional transportation system. It is governed by the Transbay Joint Powers Authority and is currently under construction, during the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 the former Transbay Terminal suffered structural damage and was in need of replacement. To accomplish this, the Transbay Joint Powers Authority was founded in 2001, after breaking ground, the TJPA worked to demolish the preexisting structures including the bus ramps and the terminal structure. Demolition of the former San Francisco Transbay Terminal completed in September 2011, construction of the first phase and accompanying park is scheduled to be completed in late 2017. Phase 1 of the project is construction of a new multimodal, the new facility will accommodate more than 100,000 passengers each weekday and up to 45 million people per year. Phase 1 broke ground in August 2010 and is on schedule to begin operations in late 2017, the bus storage facility will be below the lower deck of the Bay Bridges western spans approach. Phase 2 of the project, the Downtown Rail Extension, will extend Caltrain 1.3 miles underground from its current terminus at 4th and King Street into the new Transit Center. Because the station will only have six tracks that Caltrain can use, 4th, City Park will be the 5.4 acre public rooftop park, comparable to the Highline Park in the Manhattan borough of New York City, atop the future Transbay Transit Center. The park was designed by PWP Landscape Architecture, the park atop the transit facility will offer amenities such as an amphitheater, water features, a restaurant, gardens and more. The rooftop park of the Transbay Transit Center will become an element in the growth of the new neighborhood around this new multi-modal transit facility. It will provide high quality space in a part of San Francisco that lacks in opportunities for park development. The park will be visible and easily reached from the street, the bus deck level is located two levels above ground. The bus deck is designed to surround a central waiting area. This level has a connection to the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, allowing buses from the East Bay to enter. A bus shed has been proposed under the San Francisco entrance/exit as part of the project, the Ground level will serve as the grand hall for the Transbay Transit Center and the primary circulation point of the facility. The main entrance will be off of Mission Square and will include ticket kiosks, automated ticketing booths, the Lower concourse serves as the connection between the ground level and the train station platform. Ticketing, waiting areas and bike storage will be available on this level, the train station platform will be two levels below street level and will contain three passenger platforms that will serve Caltrain and future California High-Speed Rail service. If Amtrak starts running trains into San Francisco, it will use the Transbay Transit Center as well
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AC Transit
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AC Transit is an Oakland-based public transit agency serving the western portions of Alameda and Contra Costa counties in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. AC Transit also operates Transbay routes across San Francisco Bay to San Francisco and selected areas in San Mateo, AC Transit is constituted as a special district under California law. It is governed by seven elected members and it is not a part of or under the control of Alameda or Contra Costa counties or any local jurisdictions. Buses operate out of three operating divisions, Emeryville, East Oakland, and Hayward, the Operations Control Center is located in Emeryville. The Richmond operating division closed in 2011, the District is the public successor to the privately owned Key System. The Districts bus lines also serve parts of some other East Bay communities, including Milpitas, Pinole, most routes connect with regional train service, primarily BART, in addition to ACE and Amtrak, including the Capitol Corridor. While most AC Transit service consists of lines throughout the East Bay. Most of these run across the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to connect communities as distant as El Sobrante, Bus service is also provided across the San Mateo and Dumbarton bridges to the south. AC Transits primary hubs include BART stations, major shopping centers, and points of interest, most routes serve and/or terminate at BART stations, providing convenience for transit users. The hubs include, See also AC Transits page on fares and passes or AC Transits page on bus fares, on July 1,2014, AC Transit introduced a Day Pass, designed for customers taking more than two local buses in a day. The pass is good for unlimited rides on local routes from 3,01 a. m. to 3,00 a. m. Customers can obtain a Day Pass in one of two ways, Using Clipper, Customers keep cash value on their card. Once fares equalling the Day Pass price have been deducted, the Day Pass automatically activates, on subsequent rides, the card is tagged but no additional fare is deducted. On-Board, Customers deposit the amount in the farebox and request a Day Pass from the bus operator. On subsequent rides, the pass is swiped at the farebox, AC Transit fares are structured to promote the use of Clipper. Not only are local bus rides cheaper, but certain interagency transfers and day passes are easier to obtain, monthly passes are only available on Clipper. Local BART-to-bus transfer, $0.25 cash discount to and from BART with paper transfer issued at BART, applied as $0.50 Clipper discount on bus trip away from BART only. To transfer from AC Transit to another bus agency without Clipper, to transfer from another bus agency to AC Transit without Clipper, ask the other bus driver for a transfer. Notes, All fares are in USD,1 Issued upon request when full price is paid
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Altamont Corridor Express
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The Altamont Corridor Express is a commuter rail service in California, connecting Stockton and San Jose. ACE is named for the Altamont Pass, through which it runs, service is managed by the San Joaquin Regional Rail Commission, and operations are contracted to Herzog Transit Services, using AAR assigned reporting mark HTSX. The 86-mile route includes ten stops, with travel time about 2 hours and 10 minutes end-to-end, the tracks are owned by Union Pacific Railroad. ACE uses Bombardier BiLevel Coaches and MPI F40PH-3C locomotives, service began on October 19,1998, with two weekday round trips. A third round trip was added in May 2001, followed by a round trip in October 2012. As of 2016, average ridership is 4,900. Under the ACEforward program, a number of improvements to the service are being considered and these include a rerouted line through Tracy, an extension to Modesto and Merced, and connections to BART at Union City and Tri-Valley. In November 1990, San Joaquin County voters passed Measure K, the highest-priority project was the establishment of passenger rail service to San Jose. In 1995, San Joaquin County and seven cities along the formed the San Joaquin Regional Rail Commission to oversee the creation of the service. In May 1997, the Altamont Commuter Express Joint Powers Authority was formed by the SJRRC, Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority and that agreement formalized financial support, administrative processes, and governance for the rail service. The operation is funded by a variety of state and federal sources, cost sharing for capital projects, excluding stations, during the initial 36 months of service was determined by the JPA on a case-by-case basis and approved by each of the member agencies. The initial purchase of rolling stock, construction of stations, and other start-up costs, Station improvements are the responsibility of the county in which the station is located. ACE pays the owner of the right of way, Union Pacific Railroad, about $1.5 million per year, service began on October 19,1998, which two daily round trips running to San Jose in the morning and Stockton in the evening. The original service used two trainsets, each with 4 bilevel coach cars, for a seated capacity of 1120 passengers in each direction daily. In September 1999, the service reached 1000 daily riders per direction, the trip was added after ACE funded $3 million in track improvements to reduce conflicts with Union Pacific freight trains and Amtrak Capitol Corridor trains. By early 2001, ACE regularly carried more than 700 daily standees, although the third train added 560 seats in each direction, it brought an immediate increase in 380 daily riders. ACE then planned to add a fourth round trip later in the year, however, by late 2001, the deepening dot-com recession was severely hurting ridership, and expansion plans were put on hold. On June 30,2003, the ACE JPA was dissolved in favor of a Cooperative Services Agreement between the three member agencies, on January 6,2003, ACE introduced the Stockton Solution Shuttle, allowing Stockton passengers to use the ACE trip which terminated at Lathrop/Manteca
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Amtrak
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Founded in 1971 to take over most of the remaining U. S. passenger rail services, it is partially government funded yet operated and managed as a for-profit corporation. Amtrak serves more than 500 destinations in 46 states and three Canadian provinces, operating more than 300 trains each day over 21,300 miles of track, some track sections allow trains to run as fast as 150 mph. In fiscal year 2015, Amtrak served 30.8 million passengers and had $2.185 billion in revenue, nearly two-thirds of passengers come from the 10 largest metropolitan areas, 83% of passengers travel on routes shorter than 400 miles. Its headquarters is at Union Station in Washington, D. C, the name Amtrak is a portmanteau of the words America and trak, the latter itself a sensational spelling of track. From the mid-19th century until about 1920, nearly all intercity travelers in the United States moved by rail, historically, U. S. passenger trains were owned and operated by the same privately owned companies that operated freight trains. About 65,000 railroad passenger cars operated in 1929, from 1920 into the later 20th century, passenger rails popularity diminished and there was a series of pullbacks and tentative recoveries. Rail passenger revenues declined dramatically between 1920 and 1934 because of the rise of the automobile, in the same period, many travelers were lost to interstate bus companies such as Greyhound Lines. However, in the mid-1930s, railroads reignited popular imagination with service improvements and new, diesel-powered streamliners, such as the gleaming silver Pioneer Zephyr and Flying Yankee. Even with the improvements, on a basis, traffic continued to decline. World War II broke the malaise, passenger traffic soared sixfold thanks to troop movements, in 1946, there remained 45 percent fewer passenger trains than in 1929, and the decline quickened despite railroad optimism. Passengers disappeared and so did trains, few trains generated profits, most produced losses. Broad-based passenger rail deficits appeared as early as 1948, and by the mid-1950s, by 1965, only 10,000 rail passenger cars were in operation,85 percent fewer than in 1929. Passenger service was provided on only 75,000 miles of track, the 1960s also saw the end of railway post office revenues, which had helped some of the remaining trains break even. The causes of the decline of rail in the United States were complex. Until 1920, rail was the practical form of intercity transport. By 1930, the companies had constructed, with private funding. In 1916, the amount of track in the United States peaked at 254,251 miles, some rail routes had been built primarily to facilitate the sale of stock in the railroad companies, they were redundant from the beginning. These were the first to be abandoned as the financial positions deteriorated
Media related to Paul Avenue station at Wikimedia Commons
