1.
Pavonia Yard
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Pavonia Yard is a rail yard in Camden, New Jersey. It was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad and opened in 1888, the yard was used to interchange with the West Jersey and Seashore Railroad during 1896 to 1932, and with the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines during 1932 to 1976. Initially the PRR operated large locomotive and car shops at the yard. In later years the work was discontinued, but the car repair shops remained in operation through the late 1930s. The yard was rebuilt in the 1960s, Pavonia Yard is currently operated by Conrail Shared Assets Operations. It serves as the classification yard for the Southern New Jersey area. It is a hump yard with a 32-track classification bowl. In 2009, Conrail Shared Assets significantly downgraded the yard, reflecting its status from a major hub to a regional classification center. Most of the height was removed, and the tower was torn down. Conrail builds two CSX and one Norfolk Southern train there every day, list of rail yards Pavonia Yard Track Diagram as of 1975 Pavonia Yard photos
2.
Harsimus Cove
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Harsimus is a neighborhood within Downtown Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The neighborhood stretches from the Harsimus Stem Embankment on the north to Christopher Columbus Drive on the south between Coles Street and Grove Street or more broadly, to Marin Boulevard. It borders the neighborhoods of Hamilton Park to the north, Van Vorst Park to the south, the Village to the west, Newark Avenue has traditionally been its main street. The name is from the Lenape, used by the Hackensack Indians who inhabited the region, from many years, the neighborhood was part of the “Horseshoe”, a political delineation created by its position between the converging rail lines and political gerrymandering. Harsimus is a derivative of a Lenape phrase, possibly meaning Crows Marsh, spellings include, Aharsimus, Ahasimus, Hasymes, Haassemus, Hahassemes, Hasimus, Horseemes, Hasseme, Horsimus In current Lenape, ahas means crow. In 1629, the Dutchman Michael Reyniersz Pauw obtained a patent for all the land in what would become Hudson County, a family homestead built in 1647 was demolished in 1967. Conflict with Native Americans compromised the settlement 1643, which continued to grow after the 1645 treaty ending Kiefts War, again in 1655, the area was attacked in a conflict called the Peach Tree War. In 1660, it came under the jurisdiction of Bergen, New Netherland the main village of which was located at Bergen Square, paulus Hook was the first to urbanize, and The City of Jersey was incorporated in various forms in 1820,1829, and again in 1838. John Coles, a merchant from New York, was among the first to expand into Harsimus, the Supreme Court settled the matter of jurisdiction in the 1830s, creating a border mid-river. Harsimus grew with shipping along shoreline and residences farther inland, the short-lived Van Vorst Township later merged with its neighbor. Much of the stock from the maritime era is still intact. Many of the streets in the gridiron laid at the time have been renamed over the years, moving away from the river they were originally called Hudson, River, Kelso, and Barnum. Provost and others to the west have stayed the same, Harsimus was transformed by the development of the railroad industry. By 1870 much of the flood zone was land-filled for the development of railyards. The embankments and elevated lines separated adjoining neighborhoods, a small slip was created and still is called Harsimus Cove. Huge stockyards dominated the waterfront between the train terminals, Harsimus isolation was codified with gerrymandering, forming a horseshoe and creating a new nickname. The community consisted of Catholic immigrants, many of them Irish, infuxes of Ellis Island immigrants swelled the population. A vestige of the Slavic character of the remains at the Ukrainian National Home
3.
Jersey City, New Jersey
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Jersey City is the second-most-populous city in the U. S. state of New Jersey after Newark. It is the seat of Hudson County as well as the countys largest city. 7% from the 2010 United States Census, when the citys population was at 247,597, ranking the city the 75th-largest in the nation. Part of the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is bounded on the east by the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay and on the west by the Hackensack River and Newark Bay. After a peak population of 316,715 measured in the 1930 Census, the land comprising what is now Jersey City was inhabited by the Lenape, a collection of tribes. After spending nine days surveying the area and meeting its inhabitants, by 1621, the Dutch West India Company was organized to manage this new territory and in June 1623, New Netherland became a Dutch province, with headquarters in New Amsterdam. Michael Reyniersz Pauw received a grant as patroon on the condition that he would establish a settlement of not fewer than fifty persons within four years. He chose the west bank of the North River and purchased the land from the Lenape and this grant is dated November 22,1630 and is the earliest known conveyance for what are now Hoboken and Jersey City. Pauw, however, was a landlord who neglected to populate the area and was obliged to sell his holdings back to the Company in 1633. That year, a house was built at Communipaw for Jan Evertsen Bout, superintendent of the colony, during Kiefts War, approximately eighty Lenapes were killed by the Dutch in a massacre at Pavonia on the night of February 25,1643. Scattered communities of farmsteads characterized the Dutch settlements at Pavonia, Communipaw, Harsimus, Paulus Hook, Hoebuck, Awiehaken, and other lands behind Kil van Kull. The first village established on what is now Bergen Square in 1660, among the oldest surviving houses in Jersey City are the Newkirk House, the Van Vorst Farmhouse, and the Van Wagenen House. During the American Revolutionary War, the area was in the hands of the British who controlled New York, in the Battle of Paulus Hook Major Light Horse Harry Lee attacked a British fortification on August 19,1779. During the 19th century, former slaves reached Jersey City on one of the four routes of the Underground Railroad that led to the city. The City of Jersey was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 28,1820, from portions of Bergen Township, while the area was still a part of Bergen County. The city was reincorporated on January 23,1829, and again on February 22,1838, on February 22,1840, it became part of the newly created Hudson County. Soon after the Civil War, the idea arose of uniting all of the towns of Hudson County east of the Hackensack River into one municipality. A bill was approved by the legislature on April 2,1869. An element of the bill provide that only contiguous towns could be consolidated, while a majority of the voters across the county approved the merger, the only municipalities that had approved the consolidation plan and that adjoined Jersey City were Hudson City and Bergen City
4.
Erie Railroad
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It expanded west to Chicago with its 1941 merger with the former Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, also known as the New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad. Its mainline route proved influential in the development and economic growth of the Southern Tier, including such as Binghamton, Elmira. The Erie Railroad repair shops were located in Hornell, and were Hornells largest employer, Hornell was also where Eries main line split into two routes, one north to Buffalo and the other west to Cleveland. On October 17,1960, the Erie merged with the former rival Delaware, the Hornell repair shops were closed, and repair operations moved to the Lackawannas Scranton facility, this had a devastating effect on Hornell from which it has never recovered. Most of the former Erie line between Hornell and Binghamton was destroyed in 1972 by the floods of Hurricane Agnes, what was left of the Erie Lackawanna became part of Conrail in 1976. In 1983, Erie remnants became part of New Jersey Transit rail operations, today, most of the surviving Erie Railroad routes are operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway. The New York and Erie Rail Road was chartered April 24,1832 by Governor of New York, Enos T. Throop to connect the Hudson River at Piermont, north of New York City, west to Lake Erie at Dunkirk. On February 16,1841 the railroad was authorized to cross into the northeast corner of Pennsylvania on the west side of the Delaware River, construction began in 1836, and it opened from Piermont to Goshen on September 23,1841. After some financial problems, construction resumed in August 1846, further extensions opened to Binghamton December 27,1848, Owego January 1,1849, and the full length to Dunkirk May 19,1851. At Dunkirk steamboats continued across Lake Erie to Detroit, Michigan, the line was built as 6 ft wide gauge, this was believed to be a superior technology to standard gauge, providing more stability. In 1848 the railroad built the Starrucca Viaduct, a railroad bridge over Starrucca Creek in Lanesboro. The viaduct is 1,040 feet long,100 feet high and 25 feet wide at the top and it is the oldest stone rail bridge in Pennsylvania still in use. The Eries charter was amended April 8,1845 to allow the building of the Newburgh Branch, running from the line near Harriman north-northeast to Newburgh. The branch opened January 8,1850 and it was later used as a connection to the New York and New England Railroad via a car float operation across the river to Beacon, New York. Through ticketing began in 1851, with a change of cars at Ramapo due to the gauge break. In 1852 the Buffalo and Rochester Railroad, part of the New York Central Railroad system, the alignment from Buffalo to Attica was sold to the Eries Buffalo and New York City Railroad, a reorganization of the Attica and Hornellsville Railroad, and converted to the Eries wide gauge. The extension from Attica southeast to Hornellsville opened on November 17,1852, giving the Erie access to Buffalo, the Erie began operating the Chemung Railroad in 1850, this provided a branch from Horseheads north to Watkins. The Canandaigua and Elmira Railroad opened in 1851 as an extension from Watkins to Canandaigua and was operated by the Erie until 1853
5.
Main Line (NJ Transit)
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The Main Line is a rail line owned and operated by New Jersey Transit running from Suffern, New York to Hoboken, New Jersey, in the United States. It runs daily commuter service and was once the main line of the Erie Railroad. It is colored yellow on NJ Transit system maps, and its symbol is a water wheel, the Bergen County Line splits off the Main Line just west of the Secaucus Junction transfer station and rejoins it at Ridgewood. Trains on both lines are push-pull, powered by diesel locomotives, the Erie Railroads main line ran from Jersey City to Chicago via Binghamton, New York, Buffalo, Akron, Ohio, and Marion, Indiana, with a spur to Cleveland. The section in New Jersey and lower New York State saw frequent commuter service to the waterfront Pavonia Terminal, Jersey City, the final run of this route was on January 4,1970. The Erie Jersey City terminal was abandoned circa 1959 after all Erie service had moved to the Lackawanna Hoboken Terminal, service under Erie Lackawanna introduced new GE U34CH diesels and Comet I cars in 1970 which lasted under NJ DOT and Conrail into the NJ Transit era. Metro-North took over service north of Suffern in 1983, service was increased along with the opening of the Secaucus Transfer Station in late 2003. Midway through the tunnel there are air shafts allowing light through, exiting the tunnel, the train curves right onto the Main Line at West End interlocking in Jersey City. Until 1963 this was the DL&W Boonton Branch, about a mile ahead was the connection built circa 1956 with the Erie main line, two trains collided head-on here in 1996, killing two engineers and a passenger. New Jersey Turnpike Interchange 15X is now on the Erie alignment, at Secaucus Junction all trains stop for passengers to change to and from Northeast Corridor Line North Jersey Coast Line, Raritan Valley Line and Midtown Direct trains on the upper level. The Main Line then runs through a section of Secaucus. Shortly afterwards the Bergen County Line curves right on its new connection to the Erie alignment, the Main Line then crosses over the Hackensack River on the single-track Upper Hack Lift bridge, built in 1958. Double track resumes under the New Jersey Turnpikes western spur after 0.4 mile of single track, the train continues through the Meadowlands and passes the first grade crossing at Valley Brook Avenue in Lyndhurst. The line curves slightly and passes through the 1903 Kingsland tunnel, Kingsland station is shortly after the tunnel in an open cut. Just beyond Kingsland station is Lyndhurst station, on an embankment, after Lyndhurst the train crosses the Passaic River on a swing bridge that has been bolted shut, although it is required by Federal regulation to be opened on 24 hours notice. The train passes under Route 3 and approaches Delawanna station, next stop is Passaic, on an embankment. After Passaic, the Main Line has a stretch through some areas before the Clifton station. The Main Line passes under U. S. Route 46 and the Garden State Parkway before it crosses under and over several streets in south Paterson
6.
New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway
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The New York, Susquehanna & Western Railway is a Class II American freight railway operating over 500 miles of track in the northeastern states of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. It was formed in 1881 from the merger of smaller railroads. Passenger service in Northern New Jersey was offered until 1966, the railroad was purchased by the Delaware Otsego Corporation in 1980, and became a regional player during the 1980s in the intermodal freight transport business. That same year, the New York and Oswego Midland Railroad was chartered to connect the Great Lakes port at Oswego, New York, several competing companies sprang up in 1867, but the New Jersey Western Railroad was the most successful, constructing westward from Paterson and Hawthorne. Cornelious Wortendyke, president of the NJW, signed a agreement with DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn of the NY&OM giving his road a through route into New Jersey. Construction on the NY&OM started in 1868 and progressed rapidly, the NJW changed its name to the New Jersey Midland Railway in 1870, and construction had stretched from Hackensack, New Jersey, all the way through to Hanford. The NY&OM reached Middletown, New York, and leased the connecting Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap Railroad, the last stretch of construction from Hackensack to Jersey City completed the NJM in 1872. The first through train from Oswego to Jersey City operated on July 9,1873, while the goals of the two partners had been reached, the Panic of 1873 caused financial ruin for both companies. The NY&OM suspended lease payments, and the agreement was broken, the NY&OM was reorganized as the New York, Ontario and Western Railway in 1879, and went its separate way. The NJM took over the lease of the MU&WG as well, unable to weather the financial storm, the NJM was put into receivership in 1875. In 1880, the railroad was reorganized as the New Jersey Midland Railroad, by 1882, the newly reorganized New York, Susquehanna & Western had extended west to Gravel Place, Pennsylvania, and a connection with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railway. The NYS&W also had a connection to the DL&W at Delaware, due to the increased volume of traffic, the railroad was double-tracked from Paterson to Jersey City in 1887. To reach the port on the Hudson River waterfront, traffic was handed off to the Pennsylvania Railroad at Marion Junction via the Hudson Connecting Railway. The NYSW also reached west of the Delaware River and leased the Wilkes-Barre and Eastern Railroad to access the Scranton area directly and divert traffic away from the Lackawanna. American financier J. P. Morgan began to notice of this rapidly expanding coal-hauler. The railroad was leased by the Erie in 1898, and soon took over complete operation of the line. The NYS&W fell on hard times during the recession of 1957. The NYS&W lost its connection to the Lehigh and New England Railroad when the L&NE ceased operations in 1961
7.
Bergen County Line
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The Bergen County Line is a commuter rail line and service owned and operated by New Jersey Transit in the U. S. state of New Jersey. The line loops off the Main Line between the Meadowlands and Glen Rock, New Jersey, with trains continuing in either direction along the Main Line and it is colored on NJT system maps in pale blue, and its symbol is a cattail. Some trains of Metro-North Railroads Port Jervis Line also operate over the line, the Norfolk Southern Railway provides freight service along the line via trackage rights. As on the Main Line, trains are powered by diesel locomotives operated push-pull and this portion was opened in 1833 by the Paterson and Hudson River Railroad and leased by the New York and Erie Rail Road in 1852. The rest of the line, from East Rutherford north to Glen Rock, until the late 1950s, the main function of the Eries Bergen County Cutoff was as a freight bypass of the at-grade Main Line through Passaic. In 1963 the Lackawanna Boonton Line up to Paterson became the new Erie Main Line and this was due to the abandonment of the Main Line section through downtown Passaic and also due to the fact that Interstate 80 construction used the old Boonton Line right-way in Paterson. The old Main Line up to Rutherford was now part of the Bergen Line. A curving track was built between the HX Draw at Hackensack River and the Main Line north of Secaucus Junction to allow Bergen County Line trains to use Secaucus Junction. Approaching Secaucus Junction, a train headed for the Bergen County Line will use the more northerly pair of tracks. West of the transfer, these tracks diverge from the Main Line over a new right-of-way opened in 2003, during this stretch, the Hackensack River is to the left, while industrial plants on Meadowlands Parkway are to the right. A former station, Harmon Cove was located nearby along the old Erie right-of-way, soon the train joins the old Erie Main Line right-of-way and crosses the Hackensack over HX Bridge, a two-track bascule draw. Here, the track parallels Berrys Creek and eventually crosses it just before passing below Route 3, beyond Route 3, the landscape changes to industrial. Office buildings line the side of the track, some serviced by sidings, the Pascack Valley Line soon splits off to the right at Pascack Junction, and the train then crosses Route 17 and approaches the Rutherford station. Soon, the form the border of Carlstadt and Wallington. Presently the train passes Wood-Ridge and South Hackensack before crossing the Saddle River into Garfield reaching the Garfield station, shortly after passing beneath U. S. Highway 46 the track becomes the border of Saddle Brook and Elmwood Park, once again crossing Midland Avenue. Interstate 80 passes above the train, which crosses the Garden State Parkway. The Broadway station in Fair Lawn straddles a border formed by the track, in Fair Lawn, the line is paralleled by Plaza Road, named for Radburn Plaza, the commercial area serving the Radburn development for which the boroughs more northerly station is named. The line crosses below Route 208 before reaching Radburn, beyond the station, the train passes housing to the right and industry to the left, with a spur to a Nabisco plant
8.
New Jersey and New York Railroad
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The New Jersey and New York Railroad was a railroad company that operated north from Rutherford, New Jersey, to Haverstraw, New York beginning in the mid-to-late 19th century. The line was chartered as the Hackensack and New York Railroad in 1856. The H&NY would eventually run from Rutherford to Hackensack, New Jersey, in 1866 under the leadership of David P. Patterson the company was rechartered as the Hackensack and New York Extension Railroad and it extended its line north of Hackensack. It later reorganized as the New Jersey and New York Railroad, the line reached the town of Haverstraw, New York by 1870, the village of West Haverstraw by 1873, and the village of Haverstraw by 1887. The NJ&NY was in turn leased for 99 years by the Erie Railroad in 1896, the NJ&NY continued to exist as an Erie subsidiary until the 1960 merger that created the Erie Lackawanna Railroad. In 1976 the Erie Lackawanna was merged with other railroads to create Conrail. In 1983, after years under operation by Conrail, operations of the Pascack Valley Line were transferred to New Jersey Transit Rail Operations. The segments of the two railroad lines in New York, north of Spring Valley to Haverstraw and north of Nanuet to New City, are no longer in service. In 1956 NJ&NY reported 4.4 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 21 million passenger-miles on 39 miles of railroad, a typical NJ&NY station in the 1900s or 1910s had a gable or hip roof and often had board and batten siding. The larger and more elaborate station at Hillsdale served as the headquarters and was built in a mixture of the Second Empire. Early photographs of stations along the NJ&NY line include, A system map at, Historical Information, Railroad of New Jersey
9.
Newark Branch
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The Newark Branch was a branch of the Erie Railroads Main Line in New Jersey, United States, running between Jersey City and Paterson with stops in the Broadway Section in North Newark. Inaugurated in the 1870s, passenger service was discontinued on the line on September 30,1966, service began by 1870 but was hindered by unresolved issues with landowners opposed to the seizure of their riverfront property. Originally a crossing of the Lower Passaic River was planned so trains from Newark could travel east using the New Jersey Railroad bridge, ROW, in 1871, construction began on a new alignment from Newark to Jersey City. The company was re-organized in 1872 and renamed the Paterson, Newark, when a crossing was developed at the site of NX Bridge. Eventually trackage from the river crossing converged with the New York and Greenwoood Lake Railway, from Pavonia Terminal, and later Hoboken Terminal, service ran west to Harrison and Kearny. Laying over at nearby Waldwick Yard, commuter operations on the Newark Branch were discontinued in October 1966. By the 1960s, only one of the two tracks was in a condition, The line became part of Conrail and later Norfolk Southern Railway. In 1977 the line was severed when the NX Bridge over the Passaic the taken out of service, by 2002 the line east of it was out of service. A portion of the line along the west bank of the Passaic known as the Newark Industrial Track is still used to serve industries in Newark. Timeline of Jersey City area railroads List of bridges, tunnels, and cuts in Hudson County, New Jersey
10.
Northern Branch
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The Northern Branch is a railroad line that runs from Jersey City to Northvale in northeastern New Jersey. The line was extended to Nyack, New York in 1870. Ownership of the line passed into the hands of Conrail upon the formation in 1976. It survives as two separate but connected pieces of railroad, the Northern Running Track is an approximately two-mile-long freight railroad line in Hudson County, New Jersey. North of the yard the Northern Branch diverges from the CSX River Subdivision. The Northern Railroad of New Jersey was chartered in 1854, when it opened on May 28,1859, it was the second railroad in modern Bergen County with stage connections to Hackensack and other points. The northern terminal was Piermont, New York on the New York and Erie Rail Road, which had opened in 1841. After running on the Erie for one mile, trains reached the Northerns own line at Sparkill, New York and ran for 21 miles to another junction with the Erie at Croxton in Jersey City, New Jersey. From there trains ran on the Erie and the New Jersey Railroad for two and a half miles to the later called Exchange Place. Passengers could continue by ferry to Chambers St in Manhattan, because of its running over the Erie, the Northern was built to the same 6-foot broad gauge. By September 1859, there were three trains in each direction, with one express running from Piermont to Jersey City in 70 minutes. Sometime in the 1860s the Northern began running service westward from Sparkill on the Eries Piermont Branch as far as Monsey, the southern terminal was moved to the Eries Jersey City Terminal late in 1868, about six months before the Northern Railroads formal lease to the Erie. At that time the company had six locomotives,21 passenger and baggage cars, the Northern track was changed to standard gauge along with the rest of the Erie system in 1878. For five miles in Hudson County, Croxton to Granton, the New York, Susquehanna, joint stations were constructed between the railroads with platforms on each side. Although the Erie lease ended in 1940, the continued to the late 1950s. The Northern Railroad was mainly a commuter and local line, with significant freight business only near its southern end, business dropped off in the 1930s, and in 1942 the companys property was sold off to its long-term lessor, the Erie. From that time it was the Northern Branch, by 1954, the Northern Branch had only three rush hour passenger trains each way. Between 1956 and 1958, the allied Erie and Delaware, Lackawanna, during transition Erie trains continued to use the Erie Pavonia Terminal for about an hour in each rush hour, to distribute the heaviest crowds
11.
Rutherford station
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Rutherford is a New Jersey Transit railroad station served by the Bergen County Line. The station straddles the border between Rutherford and East Rutherford in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, the tracks serve as the border between the two municipalities and the Suffern-bound platform is actually located in East Rutherford along with its parking lot. The original station was built in 1862 by the New York and Erie Railroad and was replaced by the current station which was built in 1898 by its successor, a two phase restoration project was started by New Jersey Transit in May 2008. The first phase to restore the outside of the building cost 1.4 million dollars and was completed in June 2009, the second phase of the project was to restore the interior and cost $1.9 million. The second phase was completed on October 25,2010
12.
Dearborn Station
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Dearborn Station was the oldest of the six intercity train stations serving downtown Chicago, Illinois. It currently serves as office and retail space, located at Dearborn and Polk Streets, the station was owned by the Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad, which itself was owned by the companies operating over its line. The Romanesque Revival structure, designed by Cyrus L. W. Eidlitz, the three-story buildings exterior walls and twelve-story clock tower were composed of pink granite and red pressed brick topped by a number of steeply-pitched roofs. Modifications to the following a fire in 1922 included eliminating the original pitched roof profile. Behind the head house were the platforms, shielded by a large train shed. Inside the station were ticket counters, waiting rooms, and Fred Harvey Company restaurants, amtrak chose to consolidate its Chicago operations at the Union Station. The final intercity passenger train to depart Dearborn Station was the Grand Trunk Western Railroads International Limited, the arrival of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railways San Francisco Chief and Grand Canyon from California on May 2 brought intercity operations at Dearborn to a close. The Norfolk & Western Railways Orland Park commuter service, the Orland Park Cannonball, by 1976, Dearborn Stations train shed was demolished and tracks were removed, the head house building was retained. The train station stood abandoned into the mid-1980s when it was converted to retail, the former rail yards were converted for use as Dearborn Park. As of 1920 the Dearborn Station served as a terminal for 25 railroads, although the Santa Fe by far operated the greatest number of trains from the station, it was only a tenant. From July 31,1904 to August 1,1913, Chicago & Eastern Illinois trains used LaSalle Street Station, Chicago, Indianapolis and Louisville Railway — Hoosier and Tippecanoe to Indianapolis, Indiana, Thoroughbred to Louisville, Kentucky. Erie Railroad — Phoebe Snow and Lake Cities to Hoboken, or Jersey City, Grand Trunk Western Railroad — Maple Leaf, Inter-city Limited and International Limited to Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec. Wabash Railroad — Blue Bird and Banner Blue to St. Louis, the following commuter rail services also operated from the station, Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad — operated from Dearborn Station to Crete, Illinois. Metra is planning to revive the route as its SouthEast Service, Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad — operated between Dearborn Station and Dolton, Illinois serving mostly local stops within Chicagos far south side. Chicago and Erie Railroad — operated from Dearborn Station to Rochester, Grand Trunk Western Railroad — operated from Dearborn Station to Valparaiso, Indiana. Wabash Railroad — used a track west of the station until 1976, in blues musician Henry Thomas 1927 song Railroadin Some, the Polk Street Depot is the next to last stop on a journey that begins in Fort Worth, Texas, and ends in Chicago. He calls the station master from South Korea to get the restaurants name, Dearborn Station is a song by the rock band Fortune that was released in 1985. IL-6, Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad, Dearborn Station Trainshed Property Valuation Map of Dearborn Station in 1953
13.
Ridgewood station
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Ridgewood is a major New Jersey Transit rail station hub. It is located in downtown Ridgewood, Bergen County, New Jersey and it is served by the NJT Main Line as well as the Bergen County Line. The Erie Railroad built Ridgewood station in 1916 as an elevated station. It has been listed in the New Jersey Register of Historic Places, Ridgewood station underwent a major renovation project in which high-level platforms were installed. Wheelchair ramps were installed on both high platforms and elevators were also built to carry passengers from the platforms to the floor of the underpass on Franklin Avenue. Track 1 is for all trains heading to Hoboken Terminal and intermediate points on the Main, many Bergen County Line trains also use Track 3. Underpasses beneath the tracks and beneath a bridge on Franklin Avenue connect the two tracks
14.
Paterson station
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Paterson Station is a New Jersey Transit commuter rail train station located on an elevated viaduct above Market Street in downtown Paterson, New Jersey. The railway through the station is double tracked, for north and south traffic on the NJT Main Line, the Paterson station consists of a high-level island platform spanning from Market Street to Ward Street in downtown Paterson. Handicapped passengers must access the station via an elevator located on Ward Street, however, the Main Line itself has changed substantially over the years, leading to significant changes in usage, destinations, and connections. Originally a single track at grade, the station was built between 1924-30 when the Erie Railroad eliminated street level crossings on its Main Line in Paterson. The Erie Main Line ran from Jersey City to Chicago via Binghamton, Buffalo, Akron, Ohio, major long distance passenger and freight trains passed through this section of track, and many of those passenger trains stopped at Paterson. This situation was stable from the inception of the station until the early 1960s, due to the financial issues, the Erie merged with the Lackawanna in 1960, to form the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad, or EL. The EL immediately looked to reduce costs by eliminating redundant lines, there was no viable rerouting available pre-merger, and so negotiations never went through. Further east along the line, the state of New Jersey wished to extend State Route 21 and this would have required difficult rerouting of that line for the Lackawanna Railroad. With the 1960 EL merger, the legacy Lackawanna lines were now available to create a new Main Line, the route 21 and downtown Passaic plans require severing the entire Passaic portion of the Main Line, and stranded adjacent sections in Clifton, and Paterson and beyond. Included in this section was the Paterson station. To fix this problem, a connection from the Boonton Branch was built, once these trains reached Paterson, they used the new connection to continue on the original Main Line tracks, including service to Paterson Station. The connection was single-tracked for many years, but double-tracked in 2002, the EL went bankrupt in the early 1970s. As a result, Conrail wished to all freight operations on the former E-L lines. The State of New Jersey agreed to take over the E-L commuter lines from Conrail, the Main Line saw little to no freight traffic after this transfer. Some maps still list the trackage as Conrail or Erie-Lackawanna, the station now only serves commuter line, with no full service/long distance passenger traffic. It has direct service to Hoboken over the current Main Line, heading north, service goes to Port Jervis and Suffern, a joint service of New Jersey Transit and the New York Metro-North Railroad. This included both commuter and conventional passenger trains, EL abandoned that branch in 1966. Media related to Paterson at Wikimedia Commons Historic American Engineering Record No, nJ-37, Erie Railway, Paterson Station Market Street entrance from Google Maps Street View Ward Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
15.
Hoboken Terminal
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Hoboken Terminal is one of the New York metropolitan areas major transportation hubs. The commuter-oriented intermodal facility is in Hoboken, Hudson County, New Jersey, Hoboken Terminal is wheelchair accessible, with high-level platforms for light rail and PATH services and portable lifts for commuter rail services. The site of the terminal has been used since colonial times to link Manhattan Island and it was long a ferry landing accessible via turnpike roads, and later plank roads. In 1811, the first steam-powered ferries began service under John Stevens, the coming of the railroads brought more and more travelers to the west bank of the Hudson River. At the peak, five passenger terminals were operated by competing railroad companies along the Hudson Waterfront, of these, Hoboken Terminal is the only one still in active use. Cuts and tunnels were constructed through Bergen Hill to the terminals on the west bank of the river, one of the Bergen Hill Tunnels under Jersey City Heights was opened in 1876 by the Morris and Essex Railroad. A parallel tunnel was added in 1908 by Delaware, Lackawanna, both are still used by NJ Transit. It resumed in 1989 on the side of the terminal. The Phoebe Snow was a passenger train that departed daily from the station. In 1956, four years before its merger with the DL&W to form the Erie Lackawanna Railway, the Erie Railroad began shifting its trains from its Jersey City terminal to Hoboken. In October 1965, on former Erie routes, there were five trains ran to Midvale. All those trains were dropped in 1966, trains to Chicago and Buffalo were discontinued on January 5,1970. Numerous streetcar lines, including the Hoboken Inclined Cable Railway, originated/terminated at the station until bustitution was completed on August 7,1949, the station was badly damaged during Hurricane Sandy on October 29,2012, with a 5 feet storm surge inundating the facility. The waiting room reopened in January 2013, while repairs were still in progress. On the morning of September 29,2016, an NJ Transit train crashed through a block and into the concourse of the station, killing one person. In 1930, Thomas Edison was at the controls for the first departure of an electric multiple unit train from Hoboken Terminal to Montclair. One of the first installations of central air-conditioning in a space was at the station. PATH trains provide 24-hour service on three routes from an underground station located north of the surface platforms
16.
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad
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The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company was a U. S. Class 1 railroad that connected Buffalo, New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey, incorporated in 1853, the DL&W was profitable during the first two decades of the twentieth century, but its margins were gradually hurt by declining traffic in coal and competition from trucks. In 1960, the DL&W merged with rival Erie Railroad to form the Erie Lackawanna Railroad, the Liggetts Gap Railroad was incorporated on April 7,1832, but stayed dormant for many years. It was chartered on March 14,1849, and organized January 2,1850, on April 14,1851, its name was changed to the Lackawanna and Western Railroad. The line, running north from Scranton, Pennsylvania, to Great Bend, just south of the New York state line, opened on December 20,1851. From Great Bend the L&W obtained trackage rights north and west over the New York and Erie Rail Road to Owego, New York, where it leased the Cayuga and Susquehanna Railroad to Ithaca on Cayuga Lake. The C&S was a re-organized and partially re-built Ithaca and Owego Railroad, which had opened on April 1,1834, and was the oldest part of the DL&W system. The whole system was built to 6 ft broad gauge, the same as the New York and Erie, although the original I&O was built to standard gauge and converted to wide gauge when re-built as the C&S. The Delaware and Cobbs Gap Railroad was chartered December 4,1850 and that section got its name from Warren County, the county through which it would primarily run. The rest of the line, now known as the Southern Division, opened on May 27,1856, a third rail was added to the standard gauge Central Railroad of New Jersey east of Hampton to allow the DL&W to run east to Elizabeth via trackage rights. On December 10,1868, the DL&W bought the Morris and this line ran east-west across northern New Jersey, crossing the Warren Railroad at Washington and providing access to Jersey City without depending on the CNJ. The M&E tunnel under Bergen Hill opened in 1876, also relieving it of its use of the New York, Lake Erie, along with the M&E lease came several branch lines in New Jersey, including the Boonton Line, which bypassed Newark for through freight. The DL&W bought the Syracuse, Binghamton and New York Railroad in 1869 and leased the Oswego and this gave it a branch from Binghamton north and northwest via Syracuse to Oswego, a port on Lake Ontario. The Greene Railroad was organized in 1869, opened in 1870, also in 1870 the DL&W leased the Utica, Chenango and Susquehanna Valley Railway, continuing this branch north to Utica, with a branch from Richfield Junction to Richfield Springs. The Valley Railroad was organized March 3,1869, to connect the end of the line at Great Bend, Pennsylvania to Binghamton, New York. The new line opened October 1,1871, by 1873, the DL&W controlled the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg Railroad, a branch from Scranton southwest to Northumberland. On March 15,1876, the system was re-gauged to standard gauge in one day. The New York, Lackawanna and Western Railroad was chartered August 26,1880, the main line ran to the International Bridge to Ontario, and a branch served downtown Buffalo
17.
Exchange Place (PRR station)
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The Pennsylvania Railroad Station was the intermodal passenger terminal for the Pennsylvania Railroads vast holdings on the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay in Jersey City, New Jersey. By the 1920s the station was called Exchange Place in response to local nomenclature, the terminal was located on Paulus Hook, which in 1812 became the landing of the first steam ferry service in the world, and to which rail service began in 1834. Train service to the station ended in November 1961 and demolition of the complex was completed in 1963. Part of the terminal complex is now the PATH systems Exchange Place Station. Ferry service between Paulus Hook and Manhattan began in 1812, the first steam ferry service in the world, the New Jersey Rail Road and Transportation Company opened a rail line from Paulus Hook, then part of the newly incorporated City of Jersey, west to Newark in 1834. The PRR acquired the railroad in 1871 and replaced the terminal in 1876, passengers could move directly between the trains and ferries without going outside. The railroad referred to the location simply as Jersey City, and if necessary to distinguish it from other railroads terminals, in the 1870s the PRR began exploring ways to improve rail access between New Jersey and New York. A number of route realignments produced a track, with the final realignment. The 1910 opening of the North River Tunnels under the Hudson River led to a reduction in PRR traffic at Exchange Place. On October 1,1911 the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad, a transit system, began operating over the PRR line west of Waldo Yard. The Lehigh Valley Railroad, which had operated its Black Diamond train service from Buffalo, New York since 1896, Ferry service at Exchange Place ended in 1949. The last PRR passenger train used the branch on November 17,1961, PATH continues to use the line through Bergen Hill to the Journal Square Transportation Center and onward to Newark Penn Station. The Exchange Place terminal fell into gradual disuse, the last of the buildings of the complex, along with the elevated portion of the rail line, were demolished in 1963. Part of the terminal complex is now the PATH systems Exchange Place Station. Hudson-Bergen Light Rail maintains two stations in the district while ferries are now served by the Paulus Hook Ferry Terminal,1905 PRR system map 1899 Travellers description of cut 1800s
18.
Pennsylvania Railroad
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The Pennsylvania Railroad was an American Class I railroad, founded in 1846. Commonly referred to as the Pennsy, the PRR was headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the PRR was the largest railroad by traffic and revenue in the U. S. for the first half of the 20th century. Over the years, it acquired, merged with or owned part of at least 800 other rail lines and companies and its only formidable rival was the New York Central, which carried around three-quarters of PRRs ton-miles. At one time, the PRR was the largest publicly traded corporation in the world, with a larger than that of the U. S. government. The corporation still holds the record for the longest continuous dividend history, in 1968, PRR merged with rival NYC to form the Penn Central Transportation Company, which filed for bankruptcy within two years. The viable parts were transferred in 1976 to Conrail, which was broken up in 1999, with 58 percent of the system going to the Norfolk Southern Railway. Amtrak received the electrified segment east of Harrisburg, with the opening of the Erie Canal and the beginnings of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Philadelphia business interests became concerned that the port of Philadelphia would lose traffic. The state legislature was pressed to build a canal across Pennsylvania and it soon became evident that a single canal would not be practical and a series of railroads, inclined planes, and canals was proposed. Because freight and passengers had to change several times along the route and canals froze in winter, it soon became apparent that the system was cumbersome. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted a charter to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1846 to build a rail line that would connect Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. The Directors chose John Edgar Thomson, an engineer from the Georgia Railroad, to survey, the crest of the mountain was penetrated by the 3, 612-foot Gallitzin Tunnels and then descended by a more moderate grade to Johnstown. The western end of the line was built from Pittsburgh east along the banks of the Allegheny. In 1857, the PRR purchased the Main Line of Public Works from the state of Pennsylvania, the line was double track from its inception, and by the end of the century a third and fourth track were added. Over the next 50 years, PRR expanded by gaining control of railroads by stock purchases. This line is still an important cross-state corridor, carrying Amtraks Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line and he served as PRRs first Chief Engineer and third President. Track connection in Philadelphia was made via the PRRs Connecting Railway, the PRRs Baltimore and Potomac Rail Road opened on July 2,1872, between Baltimore and Washington, D. C. This route required transfer via horse car in Baltimore to the lines heading north from the city. On June 29,1873, the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel through Baltimore was completed, the PRR started the misleadingly named Pennsylvania Air Line service via the Northern Central Railway and Columbia, Pennsylvania
19.
Weehawken Terminal
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Weehawken Terminal was the waterfront intermodal terminal on the North River in Weehawken, New Jersey for the New York Central Railroads West Shore Railroad division. It opened in 1884 and closed in 1959, the complex contained five ferry slips, sixteen passenger train tracks, car float facilities, and extensive yards. The facility was used by the New York, Ontario. The terminal was one of five passenger railroad terminals lined the Hudson Waterfront during the 19th and 20th centuries, with others located at Hoboken, Pavonia, Exchange Place. A patent for a route from Weehawken to Manhattan was first granted by Governor of New York Richard Coote in 1700. It was a sail and row service later superseded by steamboat service, the route then operated sporadically for years, and became object of a legislative investigation in 1870. It was purchased by the New Jersey Midland Railway in 1871, in addition to 42nd Street, boats also travelled to Cortland Street. The Weehawken was the last ferry to the West Shore Terminal on March 25,1959 at 1,10 am, the West Shore Railroad maintained extensive routes to the north and west. Trains departed the terminal and travelled under Bergen Hill, as the portion of the Hudson Palisades is known. They travelled inland and north along the Palisade ridge between the competing Erie Railroad Northern Branch and Pascack Valley Line, at Haverstraw the route returned to the river proceeding north to Kingston and Albany and eventually to Buffalo. Suburban service to the Northern Valley in Bergen County and Rockland County included stops at Bogota, Dumont, Tappan, in the early 1990s there were studies made to consider the revival of service along the right-of-way to Nyack. The NYO&W mainline ran to Oswego, a city on Lake Ontario. It had branch lines to Scranton, Pennsylvania and to Kingston, Port Jervis, Dehli, Utica, using the same tunnel, the New York Central also operated the New Jersey Junction Railroad south to Jersey City and the New Jersey Shore Line Railroad north to Edgewater. Portions of those rights-of-way became part of Conrails River Line and subsequently the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail, just over the road from the former site of the station is now Port Imperial HBLR Station. Many duels, including the famous 1804 the Burr–Hamilton duel took place on a site latter obliterated by rail infrastructure, the Erie Railroad Pier D and Piershed is a remnant of the rail era that is New Jersey Register of Historic Places site designated in 1984. Renovated and used as office space, the United Fruit Company once maintained the largest banana warehouse in the USA nearby. The Hudson River Waterfront Walkway is a partially completed promenade along the bulkhead, on a much smaller scale restoration of rail and ferry services began in 2006 at Weehawken Port Imperial provided by Hudson Bergen Light Rail and New York Waterway. Which opened its new ferry terminal Ferries travel to Pier 79, Battery Park City Ferry Terminal
20.
New York Central Railroad
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The New York Central Railroad was a railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. NYCs Grand Central Terminal in New York City is one of its best known extant landmarks, in 1968 the NYC merged with its former rival, the Pennsylvania Railroad, to form Penn Central. That company went bankrupt in 1970 and was taken over by the federal government, Conrail was broken up in 1998, and portions of its system was transferred to the newly formed New York Central Lines LLC, a subsidiary leased to and eventually absorbed by CSX and Norfolk Southern. Those companies lines included the original New York Central main line, but outside that area it included lines that were never part of the New York Central system. At the end of 1925, the New York Central System operated 11,584 miles of road and 26,395 miles of track, at the end of 1967 the mileages were 9,696 miles and 18,454 miles. The Mohawk and Hudson opened on September 24,1831, and changed its name to the Albany, the Utica and Schenectady Railroad was chartered April 29,1833, as the railroad paralleled the Erie Canal it was prohibited from carrying freight. Revenue service began August 2,1836, extending the line of the Albany and Schenectady Railroad west from Schenectady along the side of the Mohawk River, opposite the Erie Canal. The Syracuse and Utica Railroad was chartered May 1,1836, the full line opened July 3,1839, extending the line further to Syracuse via Rome. This line was not direct, going out of its way to stay near the Erie Canal and serve Rome, nothing of that line was ever built, though the later West Shore Railroad, acquired by the NYC in 1885, served the same purpose. The Auburn and Syracuse Railroad was chartered May 1,1834, and opened mostly in 1838, a month later, with the opening of the Syracuse and Utica Railroad, this formed a complete line from Albany west via Syracuse to Auburn, about halfway to Geneva. The Auburn and Rochester Railroad was chartered May 13,1836, as an extension via Geneva and Canandaigua to Rochester. The two lines merged on August 1,1850, to form the rather indirect Rochester and Syracuse Railroad, to fix this, the Rochester and Syracuse Direct Railway was chartered and immediately merged into the Rochester and Syracuse Railroad on August 6,1850. That line opened June 1,1853, running more directly between those two cities, roughly parallel to the Erie Canal. The Tonawanda Railroad, to the west of Rochester, was chartered April 24,1832 to build from said city to Attica. The first section, from Rochester southwest to Batavia, opened May 5,1837, the Attica and Buffalo Railroad chartered in 1836 and opened on November 24,1842, running from Buffalo east to Attica. On March 19,1844, the Tonawanda Railroad was authorized to build the connection, the Albany and Schenectady Railroad bought all the baggage, mail and emigrant cars of the other railroads between Albany and Buffalo on February 17,1848, and began operating through cars. On December 7,1850, the Tonawanda Railroad and Attica and Buffalo Railroad merged to form the Buffalo and Rochester Railroad. A new direct line opened from Buffalo east to Batavia on April 26,1852, the line was added to the New York and Erie Railroad system and converted to the Eries 6 ft broad gauge
21.
Pavonia Terminal
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Pavonia Terminal was the Erie Railroad terminal on the Hudson River situated on the landfilled Harsimus Cove in Jersey City, New Jersey. The station opened in 1887 and closed in 1958 when the Erie Railroad moved its services to nearby Hoboken Terminal. The New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway also ran trains from the terminal and various street cars, ferries. The Erie began developing the waterfront site in 1856 and it has been described as a brightly colored Victorian eclectic three story terminal located at the foot of Pavonia Avenue to serve a twelve track station. It was designed by George E. Archer, the end of track was at about 40.7266 N74.0304 W. Besides the railroad, the complex was served by ferries, streetcars, the terminal was also used by New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway trains. Long distance and suburban passenger trains reached the terminal by travelling through Bergen Hill via the Long Dock Tunnel, Eries Northern Branch trains moved to Hoboken in 1959, the New York, Susquehanna and Western operated to the terminal until it pulled back to Susquehanna Transfer in 1961. The terminal was razed by 1961, the Erie Railroads Main Line ran from Jersey City to Chicago via Binghamton and Youngstown, with a line to Buffalo, and a line to Akron with a spur to Cleveland. The name and a portion of the route exists in the form of the New Jersey Transit Main Line to Suffern, New York and, under contract for Metro North, all the way to Port Jervis. Parts of the contemporary Bergen County Line and Pascack Valley Line were also Erie operated, the Northern Branch of the Northern Railroad of New Jersey is another line from the Erie era along which freight is transported and that may be revived as light rail service. The last train to leave the station, the #1205 at 6,35 p. m. on Friday, the Newark Branch and the Orange Branch were also parts of its suburban network. The timetable for 17 August 1947 shows 96 weekday departures,48 to the main line, the Pavonia Ferry began running in 1851, along a route that had been established some decades earlier as Budds Ferry. It was taken over by the Erie and sold to the Pavonia Ferry Company of Jersey City for what was considered a low price of $9,050, at New York City Hall, in February 1854. In February 1859 Nathaniel Marsh of the Erie Railroad Company purchased the lease on behalf of the Pavonia Ferry Company and he started a ferry which ran from Chambers Street to the foot Pavonia Avenue on the other side of the Hudson River. Legal problems had prevented the Pavonia Ferry Company from establishing a ferry along this route, the New York and Erie Railroad paid an annual rent of $9,050 to transport passengers back and forth. Eventually the railroad constructed its Pavonia Terminal on the land-filled Harsimus Cove, suburban and long distance travelers would transfer from trains to boats for the passage across the river. Its final two routes from the terminal across the Hudson to Lower Manhattan, one to 23rd Street, many streetcar systems began at the Manhattan side of the many ferries that at landed there. The Metropolitan Street Railway system began after the merger of the Chambers Street & Grand Street Ferry Railway, the roads were capitalized for $800,000 and $250,000 respectively, totaling a combined capital of $1,050,000
22.
Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal
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It was also serviced by the Reading Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and Lehigh Valley Railroad during various periods in its 78 years of operation. The current terminal building was constructed in 1889 but was abandoned in 1967 and it was later added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and incorporated into Liberty State Park. The terminal was one of five passenger railroad terminals lined the Hudson Waterfront during the 19th and 20th centuries. The terminal was built in 1889, replacing an earlier one that had been in use since 1864 and it operated until April 30,1967. The station has been listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places, additionally it is a New Jersey State Historic Site. The terminal is part of Liberty State Park, and along with nearby Ellis Island and Statue of Liberty recalls the era of immigration through the Port of New York. It is estimated that around 10.5 million entered the country through the station, the area has long been known as Communipaw, which in the Algonquian language Lenape means big landing place at the side of a river. The first stop west of the station was indeed called Communipaw, the land on which the extensive yards were built was reclaimed, or filled. The terminal itself is next to the Morris Canal Big Basin, the long cobbled road which ends at the terminal is Audrey Zapp Drive, for the environmentalist active in the creation of the park. The main building is designed in a Richardsonian Romanesque style, the intermodal facility contains more than a dozen platforms and several ferry slips. Arriving passengers would walk to the concourse and could either pass through its main waiting room, by-pass it on either side. The ferry slips have also been restored though the structure which housed them has been removed, as have the tracks. The Bush-type trainsheds, the largest ever to be constructed and designed by A. Lincoln Bush, were not part of the original construction, but were built in 1914 and have not been restored. The terminal, along with its docks and yards, was one of several massive terminal complexes that dominated the waterfront of the New York Harbor from the mid 19th to the mid 20th century. Of the two standing, the Hoboken Terminal is the only one still in use. Lines from the station headed to the southwest, for its mainline, the railroad constructed the Newark Bay Bridge to Elizabeth. Its Newark branch cut through Bergen Hill and crossed two bridges at Kearny Point, both rights-of-way in Hudson County are now used by the Hudson Bergen Light Rail, one terminating at West Side Avenue and the other at 8th Street Station in Bayonne. The main ferry from the crossed the river to Liberty Street Ferry Terminal at Liberty and West Streets in Manhattan
23.
Central Railroad of New Jersey
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The Central Railroad of New Jersey, also known as the Jersey Central or Jersey Central Lines, was a Class I railroad with origins in the 1830s. It filed for three times, in 1939,1947 and on 3/22/1967 the CNJ filed for bankruptcy for the final time. It foreshadowed the rest of New Jerseys railroads, but not by much and it then pulled out of Pennsylvania completely in 1972. The Elizabethtown and Somerville Railroad was chartered on February 9,1831, the line to Plainfield was completed in March 1839, connecting to the New Jersey Rail Road in Elizabeth. Extensions took it west to Dunellen in 1840, just east of Bound Brook in 1841, the Somerville and Easton Railroad was chartered on February 26,1847, to continue the line west to Easton, Pennsylvania. The first extension, to Whitehouse, opened in 1848 and was leased to the Elizabethtown and Somerville Railroad. The rest of the line to Phillipsburg opened in 1852, and on September 8,1855, at that time, Lehigh Valley coal trains began running over the CNJ to Elizabeth. A similar operation with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, joining at Hampton and this required the addition of a third rail as the DL&W was 6 ft broad gauge. On December 1,1859, the CNJ arranged to run over the New Jersey Rail Road to the terminal in Jersey City. That operation began December 19, and included a rail for DL&W trains. The South Branch Railroad, controlled by the CNJ, opened July 1,1864, on July 23,1869, the Newark and New York Railroad opened, providing a straight route from downtown Newark to the CNJs Jersey City terminal. The Newark Branch, running north from Elizabethport to the N&NY in Newark, on October 6,1873, the CNJ leased the New York and Long Branch Railroad, which was in the process of building from Perth Amboy southeast to Long Branch. At the same time the Perth Amboy and Elizabethport Railroad was building from Elizabethport on the CNJ south to Perth Amboy, hostilities at the crossing of the Pennsylvania Railroads Perth Amboy and Woodbridge Railroad in April 1872 led to an injunction against the PRR interfering with the construction. The CNJ bought the PA&E later that year, the full line to Long Branch opened September 7,1875, and was later extended south, reaching Bay Head in 1881 by acquiring other companies. The first commercially successful diesel-electric locomotive, manufactured by Alco in 1924, was built for the Central Railroad of New Jersey, in 1929 the CNJ began operating its most famous train, the Blue Comet, from Jersey City to Atlantic City. The Interstate Commerce Commission authorized the CNJ to acquire the Wharton and Northern Railroad, the Hibernia Mine Railroad was merged into the CNJ on November 25,1930. CNJ had its terminus at Elizabethport, New Jersey. In 1864 CNJ extended its railroad across the bay into Bayonne and it had used a succession of bridges over the years, the last being Newark Bay Bridge, demolished in the 1980s
24.
Port of New York and New Jersey
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Considered one of the largest natural harbors in the world, the port is by tonnage the third largest in the United States and the busiest on the East Coast. The port is the nations top gateway for flights and its busiest center for overall passenger. There are two foreign-trade zones within the port, the port handled $208 billion in shipping cargo in 2011, and 3,342,286 containers and 393,931 automobiles in 2014. The port is one of the largest natural harbors globally, encompassing an area within an approximate 25-mile radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, the port district comprises all or part of seventeen counties in the region. Abutting sections of Passaic, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, and Somerset in New Jersey, the Atlantic Ocean is to the southeast of the port. The sea at the entrance to the port is called the New York Bight, in Lower New York Bay and its western arm, Raritan Bay, vessels orient themselves for passage to the east into Arthur Kill or Raritan River or to the north to The Narrows. To the east lies the Rockaway Inlet, which leads to Jamaica Bay, the Narrows connects to the Upper New York Bay at the mouth of the Hudson River, which is sometimes called the North River. Large ships are able to navigate upstream to the Port of Albany-Rensselaer, to the west lies Kill van Kull, the strait leading to Newark Bay, fed by the Passaic River and Hackensack River, and the northern entrance of Arthur Kill. The Gowanus Canal and Buttermilk Channel are entered from the east, the East River is a broad strait that travels north to Newtown Creek and the Harlem River, turning east at Hell Gate before opening to Long Island Sound, which provides an outlet to the open sea. The port consists of a complex of approximately 240 miles of shipping channels, as well as anchorages, most vessels require pilotage, and larger vessels require tugboat assistance for the sharper channel turns. The Ambrose leads from the sea to the Upper Bay, where it becomes the Anchorage Channel. Connecting channels are the Bay Ridge, the Red Hook, the Buttermilk, the Claremont, the Port Jersey, the Kill Van Kull, the Newark Bay, the Port Newark, the Elizabeth, anchorages are known as Stapleton, Bay Ridge and Gravesend. The natural depth of the harbor is about 17 feet, but it was deepened over the years, by 1891, the Main Ship Channel was minimally 30 feet deep. In 1914, Ambrose Channel became the entrance to the port. During World War II the main channel was dredged to 45 feet deep to accommodate ships up to Panamax size. This has been a source of environmental concern along channels connecting the facilities in Port Newark to the Atlantic. PCBs and other pollutants lay in a blanket just underneath the soil, in June 2009 it was announced that 200,000 cubic yards of dredged PCBs would be cleaned and stored en masse at the site of the former Yankee Stadium and at Brooklyn Bridge Park. In many areas the sandy bottom has been excavated down to rock, dredging equipment then picks up the rock and disposes of it
25.
Train station
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A train station, railway station, railroad station, or depot is a railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers or freight. It generally consists of at least one platform and a station building providing such ancillary services as ticket sales. If a station is on a line, it often has a passing loop to facilitate traffic movements. The smallest stations are most often referred to as stops or, in parts of the world. Stations may be at level, underground, or elevated. Connections may be available to intersecting rail lines or other modes such as buses. In British usage, the station is commonly understood to mean a railway station unless otherwise qualified. In the United States, the most common term in contemporary usage is train station, Railway station and railroad station are less frequent. Outside North America, a depot is place where buses, trains, or other vehicles are housed and maintained and from which they are dispatched for service. The two-storey Mount Clare station in Baltimore, Maryland, which survives as a museum, first saw service as the terminus of the horse-drawn Baltimore. The oldest terminal station in the world was Crown Street railway station in Liverpool, built in 1830, as the first train on the Liverpool-Manchester line left Liverpool, the station is slightly older than the Manchester terminal at Liverpool Road. The station was the first to incorporate a train shed, the station was demolished in 1836 as the Liverpool terminal station moved to Lime Street railway station. Crown Street station was converted to a goods station terminal, the first stations had little in the way of buildings or amenities. The first stations in the modern sense were on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, manchesters Liverpool Road Station, the second oldest terminal station in the world, is preserved as part of the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester. It resembles a row of Georgian houses, dual-purpose stations can sometimes still be found today, though in many cases goods facilities are restricted to major stations. In rural and remote communities across Canada and the United States, such stations were known as flag stops or flag stations. Many stations date from the 19th century and reflect the architecture of the time. Countries where railways arrived later may still have such architecture, as later stations often imitated 19th-century styles, various forms of architecture have been used in the construction of stations, from those boasting grand, intricate, Baroque- or Gothic-style edifices, to plainer utilitarian or modernist styles
26.
North River (Hudson River)
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North River is an alternate name for the southernmost portion of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City and northeastern New Jersey in the United States. The colonial name for the entire Hudson was given to it by the Dutch in the seventeenth century. However it still retains currency as an alternate or additional name among local mariners and others as well as appearing on some nautical charts and maps. The term is used for infrastructure on and under the river, such as the North River piers, North River Tunnels, the names for the lower portion of the river appear to have remained interchangeable for centuries. In 1909, construction of two projects was under way, one was called the North River Tunnels, the other. The origin of the name North River is generally attributed to the Dutch, in describing the major rivers in the New Netherland colony, they called what is now the Hudson the North River, the Connecticut the Fresh River, and the Delaware the South River. Another theory is that the North River and East River were so named for the direction of travel they permitted once having entered the Upper New York Bay. In 1808 the Secretary of the Treasury, Albert Gallatin, issued his report of proposed locations for transportation and communication internal improvements of national importance and this peculiarity distinguishes the North River from all the other bays and rivers of the United States. The tide in no other ascends higher than the ridge or comes within thirty miles of the Blue Ridge or eastern chain of mountains. In the North River it breaks through the Blue Ridge at West Point, a few miles above Troy, and the head of the tide, the Hudson from the north and the Mohawk from the west unite their waters and form the North River. The Hudson in its course upwards approaches the waters of Lake Champlain, hagstrom Maps, formerly the leading mapmaker in the New York metropolitan area, has labeled all or part of the Hudson adjacent to Manhattan as North River on several of its maps. On a 2000 map of Northern Approaches to New York City, Piers along the Hudson shore of Manhattan were formerly used for shipping and berthing ocean-going ships. In shipping notices, they were designated as, for example, Pier 14, most of the piers that once existed in lower Manhattan fell into disuse or were destroyed in the last half of the 20th century, although a number have been adapted to new uses. As with the river, the name North River piers has largely supplanted by Hudson River piers, or just by a pier and number. The remaining piers are Pier A at the Battery and piers ranging from Pier 25 at North Moore Street to Pier 99 at 59th Street, many of these piers and the waterfront between them are part of the Hudson River Park which stretches from 59th Street to the Battery. Several piers are being rebuilt as part of the park project, Piers above Pier 40 have addresses approximately that of Manhattans numbered streets plus 40 – thus, for example North River Pier 86 is at West 46th Street. Pier A is a national and New York City landmark. The building on the dates to 1886, and was used by the citys Department of Docks, Harbor Police
27.
PATH (rail system)
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The PATH is operated by, and named after, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. PATH trains run 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, the system has a route length of 13.8 miles, not including any route overlap. As of October 2016, PATH had a weekday ridership of 276,417. PATH trains only use tunnels in Manhattan, Hoboken and downtown Jersey City, the tracks cross the Hudson River through century-old cast iron tubes that rest on the river bottom under a thin layer of silt. PATHs route from Grove Street in Jersey City west to Newark runs in open cuts, at grade level, PATH does accept the same pay-per-ride MetroCard used by the New York City Transit system, but it does not accept unlimited ride, reduced fare, or EasyPay MetroCards. The history of PATH predates the New York City Subways first underground line, PATH was originally known as the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad. Although the railroad was first planned in 1874, existing technologies could not safely tunnel under the Hudson River, construction began on the existing tunnels in 1890, but stopped shortly thereafter when funding ran out. Construction resumed in 1900 under the direction of William Gibbs McAdoo, McAdoo later became president of what was known, for many years, as the H&M, Hudson Tubes or McAdoo Tunnels. Haskins plan was to excavate the tunnel, then fill it with compressed air to expel the water and to hold the iron plate lining in place. When the New York & Jersey Tunnel Company resumed construction on the tunnels in 1902, an enormous mechanical shield was pushed through the silt at the bottom of the river. The displaced mud was placed into a chamber, where it was later shoveled into small cars that hauled it to the surface. In some cases, the silt was baked with kerosene torches to facilitate removal of the mud. The southern tunnel of the pair was constructed using the tubular cast iron method. Construction of the tunnels was completed in 1906. A second pair of tunnels was built about 1 1⁄4 miles south of the first pair, construction began in 1906 and was completed in 1909, also using the tubular cast iron method. Each track enjoys its own tunnel, which enables a better ventilation via the piston effect. By contrast, the ends of the tunnels, located underneath Manhattan, employed cut. On July 19,1909, service began between the Hudson Terminal in Lower Manhattan and Exchange Place in Jersey City, through the downtown tubes, the connection between Exchange Place and the junction near Hoboken Terminal opened on August 2,1909
28.
Hudson Waterfront
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The Hudson Waterfront, sometimes called the Gold Coast, is an urban area of northeastern New Jersey along the lower reaches of the Hudson River, the Upper New York Bay and the Kill van Kull. Though the term can mean the shoreline, it often used to mean the contiguous urban area between the Bayonne Bridge and the George Washington Bridge that is approximately 19 miles long. Historically, the region has been known as Bergen Neck, the lower peninsula, and Bergen Hill, lower Hudson Palisades. To the east, lies the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn, to the south Staten Island, to the west Newark Bay and the New Jersey Meadowlands, and to the north Palisades Interstate Park. The Hudson River Waterfront Walkway, which includes sections of the East Coast Greenway and its communities have some of the highest residential densities in the United States. Of municipalities in the United States over 50,000 people, Guttenberg, although one of the smallest municipalities, stretching from 68th Street to 71st Street at 128 acres, is the most densely populated town in the country. Many others are on the list of most densely populated places in the United States, the region is very ethnically diverse. Jersey City is the twenty-first most racially diverse city in the United States, six municipalities are on the list of the 100 cities with the highest percent of foreign-born residents, West New York, Union City, Palisades Park Guttenberg, Fairview and Fort Lee. North Hudson has the second largest Cuban American population in the United States after Miami, West New York, North Bergen, Union City, Guttenberg and Weehawken have Cuban American populations between 8. 75% and 19. 64%. Another large immigrant group is the Korean American community, near the GWB Plaza -, india Square in the Journal Square district is home to many from the country from which it takes its name. A large Filipino community is located nearby at Five Corners, the first Coptic Orthodox Church in the United States, St. Mark is one of many congregations in Jersey City and Bayonne. In many communities in the Hudson Waterfront English is not the first language spoken at home, the PATH provides 24-hour subway service from Hoboken Terminal and Downtown Jersey City and Journal Square to Midtown Manhattan, the World Trade Center, and Newark Penn Station. Cape Liberty Cruise Port, opened in 2004, restored passenger service to the waterfront. New Jersey Transit as well as private companies provide bus service, Journal Square, Exchange Place, Hoboken Terminal, and Bergenline Station are major origination, destination and transfer points. Manhattan and some service is identified by triple digits,120,121,123,125,154,156,158,159,163,165,166,168,181 and 188. LaGuardia Airport is in Flushing, Queens and John F. Kennedy Airport is on Jamaica Bay in Queens, teterboro Airport, in the Hackensack Meadowlands, serves private and corporate planes. They are recalled throughout the region in countless places names, during that exploration he laid anchor in the Upper New York Bay and Weehawken Coves. In 1630, land along the west bank of the river which bears his name was acquired and called Pavonia, clusters of settlements were located at Communipaw, Harsimus, and Paulus Hook, and later at Hoboken, Pamrapo, Kewan/ Minkakwa, and Vriessendael
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Intermodal passenger transport
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Intermodal passenger transport, also called mixed-mode commuting, involves using two or more modes of transportation in a journey. Mixed-mode commuting is often used to combine the strengths of various transportation options, a major goal of modern intermodal passenger transport is to reduce dependence on the automobile as the major mode of ground transportation and increase use of public transport. To assist the traveller various intermodal journey planners such as Rome2rio and Google Transit have been devised to help travellers to plan and schedule their journey. Mixed-mode commuting often centers on one type of transit, such as regional rail. Trains offer quick transit from a suburb into an urban area, most transportation modes have always been used intermodally, for example, people have used road or urban railway to an airport or inter-regional railway station. Passenger transport has always been intermodal, people switched from carriages to ferries at the edge of a river too deep to ford. In the 19th century, people who lived inland switched from train to ship for overseas voyages, Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken, New Jersey was built to let commuters to New York City from New Jersey switch to ferries to cross the Hudson River in order to get to Manhattan. A massive ferry slip, now in ruins, was incorporated into the terminal building, later, when a subway was built through tunnels under the Hudson, now called the PATH, a station stop was added to Hoboken Terminal. More recently, the New Jersey Transits Hudson-Bergen Light Rail system has included a stop there, ferry service has recently been revived, but passengers must exit the terminal and walk across the pier to the more modest ferry slip. With the opening of the Woodside and Birkenhead Dock Street Tramway in 1873, public transportation systems such as train or metro systems have the most efficient means and highest capacity to transport people around cities. Therefore, mixed-mode commuting in the environment is largely dedicated to first getting people onto the train network. Although automobiles are used as a single-mode form of transit. They can provide a commute to train stations, airports, and piers. Used in this context, cars offer commuters the relative comfort of single-mode travel, taxicabs and Rental cars also play a major role in providing door-to-door service between airports or train stations and other points of travel throughout urban, suburban, and rural communities. Transport planners often try to encourage commuters to make much of their journey by public transport. Similar to Park-and-Ride is what is often termed Kiss-and-Ride, rather than drive to the train or bus station and park the commuter is driven to the station by a friend or relative The Kiss refers to the peck on the cheek as the commuter exits the car. Kiss-and-Ride is usually conducted when the station is close to home, so that the driver doing dropping the commuter off has a short journey to. Many large cities link their railway network to their bus network and this enables commuters to get to places that are not serviced directly by rail as they are often considered to be too far for walking
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Pavonia, New Netherland
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The first European to record exploration of the area was Robert Juet, first mate of Henry Hudson, an English sea captain commissioned by the Dutch East India Company. Their ship, the Halve Maen, ventured in the Kill van Kull and Newark Bay and anchored at Weehawken Cove during 1609, while exploring the Upper New York Bay, by 1617 a factorij, or trading post, was established at Communipaw. Others may have established at Arresick or Hobokan Hackingh. Initially, these posts were set up for fur trade with the indigenous population, at that time the area was inhabited by bands of Algonquian language speaking peoples, known collectively as Lenni Lenape and later called the Delawares. Early maps show it to be the territory of the Sangicans, later, the group of seasonally migrational people who circulated in the region were to become known by the exonym, Hackensack. They, along with the Tappan, the Wappinger, the Raritan, the Manhattan, the Canarsee, further explorations and settlement led to the establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of the island of Manhattan in 1625. In 1629, with the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions, the Dutch West India Company started to grant the title of patroon, the deeded tracts spanned 16 miles in length on one side of a major river, or 8 miles if spanning both sides. The title came with powerful rights and privileges, including creating civil and criminal courts, appointing local officials, in return, a patroon was expected to establish a settlement of at least fifty families within four years of the original grant. These first settlers were relieved of the duty of public taxes for ten years, a patent for the west bank of the North River was given to Michael Pauw, a burgermeester of Amsterdam and a director of the Dutch West India Company. Pavonia is the Latinized form of Pauws surname, which means peacock, as was required, Pauw purchased the land from the indigenous population, although the concept of ownership differed significantly for the parties involved. Three Lenape sold the land for 80 fathoms of wampum,20 fathoms of cloth,12 kettles, six guns and these transactions, dated July 12,1630, and November 22,1630, represent the earliest known conveyance for the area. It is said that the three were part of the band who had sold Manhattan Island to Peter Minuit then sold this land. On August 10,1630, Pauw obtained a deed for Staten Island, the area encompassed by Pauws holdings on Bergen Neck likely included the eight miles of shore line on each of the Hudson and Hackensack Rivers from Bergen Point to todays Bergen County line. His agent set up a small factorij and ferry slip at Arresick on the island that stills bears his anglicized name. He operated an intermittent ferry and traded with the local Lenape population, by 1630 a plantation worked by African slaves had been set up. Pauw, however, failed to fulfill the condition of establishing a community of at least 50 permanent settlers and was required to re-sell his speculative acquisition back to the company and they commissioned construction of a homestead at Gemoenepaen for their representative Jan Evertsen Bout during 1633. During 1634 a homestead was built at Ahasimus for Cornelis Hendriksen Van Vorst, abraham Isaac Planck, also known as Verplank, received a land patent for Paulus Hook on May 1,1638. A small farm went up at Kewan Punt, the leasehold of Aert Van Putten at Hobuk was the site of North Americas first brewery
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George E. Archer
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George Edward Archer was an American architect. Several stations built in the late 19th century in New Jersey, as a young man Archer was educated at Amesbury, Massachusetts, and later graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After working in a variety of jobs – as an apprentice, florist. He returned to the east in the early 1880s and worked for the Chief Engineer of the New York & New England Railroad, later he worked for the Pennsylvania Railroad at Columbus, Ohio. He then worked for the Wilmington & Northern Railroad, until moving to the Erie, Archer was born in New York City, the son of Stephen Durkee Archer and Mary Magray. He died at home in Nutley, New Jersey, in 1903 and he is interred at Laurel Grove Memorial Park, in Totowa, New Jersey. Bradford Gilbert Frank J. Nies, DL&W Railroad contemporary
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Tram
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A tram is a rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways, Tramways powered by electricity, the most common type historically, were once called electric street railways. However, trams were used in urban areas before the universal adoption of electrification. Tram lines may run between cities and/or towns, and/or partially grade-separated even in the cities. Very occasionally, trams also carry freight, Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than conventional trains and rapid transit trains, but the size of trams is rapidly increasing. Some trams may also run on railway tracks, a tramway may be upgraded to a light rail or a rapid transit line. For all these reasons, the differences between the modes of rail transportation are often indistinct. In the United States, the tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tired trackless trains. Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a pantograph, in some cases by a sliding shoe on a third rail. If necessary, they may have dual power systems — electricity in city streets, trams are now included in the wider term light rail, which also includes segregated systems. The English terms tram and tramway are derived from the Scots word tram, referring respectively to a type of truck used in coal mines and the tracks on which they ran. The word tram probably derived from Middle Flemish trame, a Romanesque word meaning the beam or shaft of a barrow or sledge, the identical word la trame with the meaning crossbeam is also used in the French language. The word Tram-car is attested from 1873, although the terms tram and tramway have been adopted by many languages, they are not used universally in English, North Americans prefer streetcar, trolley, or trolleycar. The term streetcar is first recorded in 1840, and originally referred to horsecars, when electrification came, Americans began to speak of trolleycars or later, trolleys. The troller design frequently fell off the wires, and was replaced by other more reliable devices. The terms trolley pole and trolley wheel both derive from the troller, Modern trams often have an overhead pantograph mechanical linkage to connect to power, abandoning the trolley pole altogether. Conventional diesel tourist buses decorated to look like streetcars are sometimes called trolleys in the US, the term may also apply to an aerial ropeway, e. g. the Roosevelt Island Tramway. Over time, the trolley has fallen into informal use
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Rapid transit
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Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains and they are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land, variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The worlds first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a railway in 1863. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, china has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world. The worlds longest single-operator rapid transit system by length is the Shanghai Metro. The worlds largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of revenue track (665 miles and number of stations is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. One of these terms may apply to a system, even if a large part of the network runs at ground level. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway, in the US, underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, whereas the term metro is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area. In that vein, Chicagos commuter rail system, serving the area, is called Metra. Exceptions in naming rapid transit systems are Washington DCs subway system the Washington Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, and the Miami Metrorail, the opening of Londons steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant, experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam, in 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset, budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services, hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems
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Bergen Hill
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Bergen Hill refers to the lower Hudson Palisades in New Jersey, United States, where they emerge on Bergen Neck, which in turn is the peninsula between the Hackensack and Hudson River, and their bays. In Hudson County, it reaches a height of 260 feet, defining features of Bergen Hill include the 19th century and early 20th century railroad rights-of-way. Cuts and tunnels created to access to the terminals and ferries on the North River and Upper New York Bay. From south to north they are, The Central Railroad of New Jersey lines traveled on the CRRNJ Newark Bay Bridge across Newark Bay and through Bayonne, portions are used by the Hudson Bergen Light Rail. Newark and New York Railroad Branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, now the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail West Side Branch, other major excavations and structures for vehicular traffic have significantly altered Bergen Hill. Kennedy Boulevard at Journal Square and Journal Square Transportation Center both span the large ravine created there, the Divided Highway connecting the Pulaski Skyway to the Holland Tunnel runs parallel to the Long Dock Tunnel. The Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix connects the Lincoln Tunnel, which enters the Palisades before submerging under the Hudson River. Paterson Plank Road, the Wing Viaduct, Hackensack Plank Road, Pershing Road, shippen Street in Weehawken is small street that makes a double hairpin turn
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Long Dock Tunnel
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The Long Dock Tunnel is a freight rail tunnel in Jersey City, New Jersey that is part of the North Jersey Shared Assets Area and used by CSX Transportation on the National Docks Secondary. The single track runs through Bergen Hill, a section of the lower New Jersey Palisades in Hudson County. The tunnel was built under the oversight of engineer James P. Kirkwood and was started in 1856 and opened in 1861, costing 57 lives to build. The new tunnel formed became route for both the Erie and Delaware-Lackawanna railroads to reach their respective stations, the Pavonia Terminal and Hoboken Terminal, the tunnel runs 4,311 feet long,23 feet high, and 30 feet wide. Eight shafts, 70–90 feet in depth were sunk down from atop the Palisades to reach the tunnel, in 1910 the Erie Railroad replaced the Long Dock Tunnel with the Erie Cut, though primarily for use by passenger trains. Erie freight trains continued to use the tunnel as do freight railroads to this day, the northwestern portal is just northwest of where Kennedy Boulevard passes over New Jersey State Route 139 at 40. 7398°N74. 0624°W /40.7398, -74. 0624. The southeastern portal is near State Route 139 between where it intersects Palisade Avenue and passes over Interstate 78 at 40. 7312°N74. 0524°W /40.7312, -74. 0524. Part of the viaduct which carried trains to the yards and the terminals are parallel to Boyle Plaza which now serves as a road to Newport Mall
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Bergen Arches
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Bergen Arches is an abandoned railroad right of way through Bergen Hill in Jersey City, New Jersey. From 1906 to 1910, using 250,000 pounds of dynamite, the term Bergen Arches originally referred to the massive bridges over the cut, but the two terms have become synonymous. The last trains to the terminal ran in 1957, the line was abandoned that year. Various projects have been proposed for the track bed, for a four-lane or six-lane highway that would connect the New Jersey Turnpike. A freeway proposed in 1989 by Governor Thomas Kean. was strongly supported by then-Mayor Bret Schundler, in 1998, this project was allocated $26 million in the federal Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century. During the 2001 mayoral race candidates instead lobbied for a transit line. In that year, Parsons Brinkerhoff, a firm, released another report commissioned by New Jersey Department of Transportation and describing the conditions. NJDOT has continued to fund studies for the project, in March 2011, an additional $13.4 million was allocated to advance the project. NJ-22, Erie Railway, Bergen Hill Open Cut Urban Enterprise Zone Five Year Strategic Plan, the Arches are just southwest of the northwest-southeast Route 139. Http, //www. njcu. edu/programs/jchistory/Pages/B_Pages/Bergen_Arches. htm 40. 7369°N74. 0594°W /40.7369, -74.0594
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Erie Lackawanna Railway
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The Erie Lackawanna Railway, known as the Erie Lackawanna Railroad until 1968, was formed from the 1960 merger of the Erie Railroad and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad. The official motto of the line was The Friendly Service Route, like many railroads in the northeast already financially vulnerable from the expanding U. S. Interstate Highway System, the line was severely weakened fiscally by the extent, duration and it would never recover, and most of the corporations holdings were subsumed into the federal rescue purchases creating Conrail in 1976, ending its days as an operating railroad company. The EL struggled for most of the 16 years it existed, the two railroads that created it were steadily losing passengers, freight traffic and money, and were heavily burdened by years of accumulated debt and extensive, money-losing commuter operations. The Lackawanna route was affected by the decline of anthracite. The Erie was burdened by the loss of high-tariff fruit. The DL&W had previously carried traffic to and from ocean ships. The northeasts railroads, including the EL, were all beginning to decline because of over-regulation, subsidized highway and waterway competition, commuter operations, and market saturation. Also, additional rail traffic was diverted to the EL because of service problems on the troubled Penn Central lines. The EL built a state of the art diesel engine repair facility in Marion, Ohio, the EL also gained a lucrative contract with United Parcel Service in 1970, which led to the operation of five dedicated intermodal trains daily between New Jersey and Chicago. The Erie Lackawanna Railway was formed March 1,1968, as a subsidiary of Dereco, the company of the Norfolk and Western Railway. On April 1, the assets were transferred as a condition of the proposed, Dereco also owned the Delaware & Hudson Railway at the time. In 1972, Hurricane Agnes destroyed many miles of track and related assets, the main line between Hornell and Binghamton was abandoned as not worth the high cost of rebuilding it. The cost of repairs were done, and the loss of revenue, forced the company into bankruptcy. After its 1972 bankruptcy, EL management attempted to plot an independent course, therefore, it initially declined interest in joining the Consolidated Rail takeover of the other major bankrupt eastern lines. The preliminary and final plans for Conrail showed the EL being merged into the Chessie System. However, the unions could not reach a compromise. Therefore, the EL petitioned and was accepted into Conrail at the last minute, in 1976, much of the companys railroad assets were thus purchased by the federal government and combined with other companies railroad assets to form Conrail
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Susquehanna Transfer (NYS&W station)
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Susquehanna Transfer was a passenger station on the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway, located in North Bergen, New Jersey at the Route 495 overpass. It was a station where transfer was possible from the railroad to a bus through the Lincoln Tunnel to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan. The station opened on August 1,1939,1,100 feet south of the old North Bergen station, at the time, the company was in bankruptcy proceedings, as part of the also bankrupt Erie Railroad. The buses were leased from the Public Service Bus Company and were only to NYS&W passengers transferring to them. The bus fare was 15 cents, the Erie Railroad also used the transfer station for trains on its Northern Branch, at least through 1957, with an agreement with the NYS&W to use their buses in 1944. The Lincoln Tunnel had been completed in 1937, and Kidde offered the idea that it might be faster for commuters to head to Midtown by connecting with bus companies that used State Highway Route S-3. A couple years later, Railway Age noted that it was common to backtrack from the Erie Railroads Pavonia Ferry terminal at Chambers Street to midtown and this new connection would save money for commuters from Paterson, Hackensack and Butler to get service to Times Square. However, the idea immediately met opposition by bus companies and the Hudson, the Interstate Commerce Commission held hearings during 1938 and 1939 and in May 1939, the rulings fell in favor of the Susquehanna. Kidde decided to develop a new plan for a new transfer, the first part was construction of Susquehanna Transfer, a station in North Bergen, where it would meet with Route S-3,2 miles west of the tunnel. The original proposal that Kidde offered was to remodel the former North Bergen station 1,100 feet to the north and if successful, however, the disparity in costs between remodeling the North Bergen station and constructing a brand new station was small. The new station would allow a platform where commuters could transfer from railroad cars to buses for the trip to Times Square at 42nd Street, in July 1939, the Public Service Interstate Transportation Company was selected for the bus routes of the five companies that applied for the service. The Susquehanna timed the trains to connect with the buses, the station facility was finished at the end of the month and on July 31, Train No.924 ran from Butler to Susquehanna Transfer loaded in media which returned to Butler that evening on Train No.919. The next day, the station opened to the public, with 65 passengers using the transfer station, with ridership quickly increasing, the Erie Railroad started service on their Northern Branch on September 25. In opening Susquehanna Transfer, Kiddes work became a heavy promotion point for Susquehanna independence from the Erie Railroad, on September 25,1939, the Erie Railroad added two special trains to their schedule for midday service, the Noontimer and the Matinee Special. The increase in service also benefited the Susquehanna financially, showing the railroad made 2. 34% in October 1939 than it did in October 1938, Public Service also did their part, advertising the Susquehanna service heavily with wall maps and pictures in Times Square. The railroad also decided to reconstruct the former Paterson City Branch, the Susquehanna received permission to spend $14,000 to reconstruct the roadbed and an extra $9,000 to build a brand new station to replace the old brick depot. The Susquehanna almost sold off the rights of the branch to the city of Paterson, the Paterson City station re-opened on July 15,1940 and was quickly required to be expanded twice by 1941. In order to make service suitable, the new service would require the best new equipment, the Susquehanna was still using steam locomotives and Kidde felt it would require upgrading service
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Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
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Binghamton, New York
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Binghamton /ˈbɪŋəmtən/ is a city in, and the county seat of, Broome County, New York, United States. It lies in the states Southern Tier region near the Pennsylvania border, in a valley at the confluence of the Susquehanna. Binghamton is the city and cultural center of the Binghamton metropolitan area. The population of the city itself, according to the 2010 census, is 47,376. From the days of the railroad, Binghamton was a crossroads and a manufacturing center, and has been known at different times for the production of cigars, shoes. IBM was founded nearby, and the simulator was invented in the city, leading to a notable concentration of electronics-. This sustained economic prosperity earned Binghamton the moniker of the Valley of Opportunity, however, following cuts made by defense firms after the end of the Cold War, the region has lost a significant portion of its manufacturing industry. The city was named after William Bingham, a wealthy Philadelphian who bought the 10,000 acre patent for the land in 1786, then consisting of portions of the towns of Union, significant agricultural growth led to the incorporation of the village of Binghamton in 1834. The Chenango Canal, completed in 1837, connected Binghamton to the Erie Canal and this growth accelerated with the completion of the Erie Railroad between Binghamton and New York City in 1849. With the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad arriving soon after, several buildings of importance were built at this time, including the New York State Inebriate Asylum, opened in 1858 as the first center in the United States to treat alcoholism as a disease. Binghamton incorporated as a city in 1867, and due to the presence of several homes, was nicknamed the Parlor City. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many moved to the area. During the 1880s, Binghamton grew to become the second-largest manufacturer of cigars in the United States, however, by the early 1920s, the major employer of the region became Endicott Johnson, a shoe manufacturer whose development of welfare capitalism resulted in many amenities for local residents. An even larger influx of Europeans immigrated to Binghamton, and the working class prosperity resulted in the area being called the Valley of Opportunity, in 1913,31 people perished in the Binghamton Clothing Company fire, which resulted in numerous reforms to the New York fire code. Major floods in 1935 and 1936 resulted in a number of deaths, the floods were devastating, and resulted in the construction of flood walls along the length of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers. During the Second World War, growth and corporate generosity continued as IBM, along with Edwin Links invention of the flight simulator in Binghamton, IBM transitioned the region to a high-tech economy. Other major manufacturers included Ansco and General Electric, until the Cold War ended, the area never experienced an economic downfall, due in part to its defense-oriented industries. The population of the city of Binghamton peaked at around 85,000 in the mid-1950s, post-war suburban development led to a decline in the city population, as the towns of Vestal and Union experienced rapid growth
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Youngstown, Ohio
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Youngstown is a city in and the county seat of Mahoning County in the U. S. state of Ohio, with small portions extending into Trumbull County. Youngstown is located on the Mahoning River, approximately 65 miles southeast of Cleveland and 61 miles northwest of Pittsburgh. Despite having its own market, Youngstown is often included in commercial and cultural depictions of both Northeast Ohio as well as the Pittsburgh Tri-State Area due to these proximities. Youngstown lies 10 miles west of the Pennsylvania state line, midway between New York City and Chicago via Interstate 80, the city was named for John Young, an early settler from Whitestown, New York, who established the communitys first sawmill and gristmill. Youngstown is in a region of the United States that is referred to as the Rust Belt. The city has experienced a decline of over 60% of its population since 1959, Youngstown also falls within the Appalachian Ohio region, among the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. Youngstown was named for New York native John Young, who surveyed the area in 1796, on February 9,1797, Young purchased the township of 15,560 acres from the Western Reserve Land Company for $16,085. The 1797 establishment of Youngstown was officially recorded on August 19,1802, the area including present-day Youngstown was part of the Connecticut Western Reserve, a section of the Northwest Territory that Connecticut initially did not cede to the Federal government. Upon cession, Connecticut retained the title to the land in the Western Reserve, while many of the areas early settlers came from Connecticut, Youngstown attracted a significant number of Scots-Irish settlers from neighboring Pennsylvania. The first European Americans to settle permanently in the area were Pittsburgh native James Hillman, by 1798, Youngstown was the home of several families who were concentrated near the point where Mill Creek meets the Mahoning River. Boardman Township was founded in 1798 by Elijah Boardman, a member of the Connecticut Land Company, also founded in 1798 was Austintown by John McCollum who was a settler from New Jersey. As the Western Reserves population grew, the need for administrative districts became apparent, in 1800, territorial governor Arthur St. Clair established Trumbull County, and designated the smaller settlement of Warren as its administrative center, or county seat. In 1813, Trumbull County was divided into townships, with Youngstown Township comprising much of what became Mahoning County, the village of Youngstown was incorporated in 1848, and in 1867 Youngstown was chartered as a city. It became the county seat in 1876, when the center of Mahoning County was moved from neighboring Canfield. Youngstown has been Mahoning Countys county seat to this day, the discovery of coal by the community in the early 19th century paved the way for the Youngstown areas inclusion on the network of the famed Erie Canal. The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal Company was organized in 1835, the arrival of the railroad in 1856 smoothed the path for further economic growth. Youngstowns industrial development changed the face of the Mahoning Valley, the communitys burgeoning coal industry drew hundreds of immigrants from Wales, Germany, and Ireland. With the establishment of mills in the late 19th century, Youngstown became a popular destination for immigrants from Eastern Europe, Italy
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Buffalo, New York
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Buffalo is a city in western New York state and the county seat of Erie County, on the eastern shores of Lake Erie at the head of the Niagara River. As of 2014, Buffalo is New York states 2nd-most populous city after New York City, the metropolitan area has a population of 1.13 million. After an economic downturn in the half of the 20th century, Buffalos economy has transitioned to sectors that include financial services, technology, biomedical engineering. Residents of Buffalo are called Buffalonians, the citys nicknames include The Queen City, The Nickel City and The City of Good Neighbors. The city of Buffalo received its name from a creek called Buffalo Creek. British military engineer Captain John Montresor made reference to Buffalo Creek in his journal of 1764, there are several theories regarding how Buffalo Creek received its name. In 1804, as principal agent opening the area for the Holland Land Company, Joseph Ellicott, designed a radial street and grid system that branches out from downtown like bicycle spokes similar to the street system he used in the nations capital. Although Ellicott named the settlement New Amsterdam, the name did not catch on, during the War of 1812, on December 30,1813, Buffalo was burned by British forces. The George Coit House 1818 and Samuel Schenck House 1823 are currently the oldest houses within the limits of the City of Buffalo, on October 26,1825, the Erie Canal was completed with Buffalo a port-of-call for settlers heading westward. At the time, the population was about 2,400, the Erie Canal brought about a surge in population and commerce, which led Buffalo to incorporate as a city in 1832. In 1845, construction began on the Macedonia Baptist Church, an important meeting place for the abolitionist movement, Buffalo was a terminus point of the Underground Railroad with many fugitive slaves crossing the Niagara River to Fort Erie, Ontario in search of freedom. During the 1840s, Buffalos port continued to develop, both passenger and commercial traffic expanded with some 93,000 passengers heading west from the port of Buffalo. Grain and commercial goods shipments led to repeated expansion of the harbor, in 1843, the worlds first steam-powered grain elevator was constructed by local merchant Joseph Dart and engineer Robert Dunbar. Darts Elevator enabled faster unloading of lake freighters along with the transshipment of grain in bulk from barges, canal boats, by 1850, the citys population was 81,000. At the dawn of the 20th century, local mills were among the first to benefit from hydroelectric power generated by the Niagara River, the city got the nickname City of Light at this time due to the widespread electric lighting. It was also part of the revolution, hosting the brass era car builders Pierce Arrow. President William McKinley was shot and mortally wounded by an anarchist at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo on September 6,1901, McKinley died in the city eight days later and Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in at the Wilcox Mansion as the 26th President of the United States. The Great Depression of 1929–39 saw severe unemployment, especially working class men
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Akron, Ohio
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Akron /ˈækrən/ is the fifth-largest city in the U. S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County. It is located on the edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. As of the 2015 Census Estimate, the city proper had a population of 197,542. The Akron, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area covers Summit and Portage counties and it is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which in 2013 had a population of 3,501,538, ranking 15th. Co-founded along the Little Cuyahoga River in 1825 by Simon Perkins and Paul Williams, it was done so being a point at the summit of the developing Ohio. The name derived from the Greek word ἄκρον signifying a summit or high point, due to Eliakim Crosby founding North Akron in 1833, South was added to its name until the two merged into an incorporated village in 1836. Neighboring settlements Kenmore and Ellet became annexed in 1929 and it is a setting for several movie films, television shows and novel stories, and is the origin of fictional characters. Residents of the city are called Akronites and it has had many nicknames, three of which are Rubber Capital of the World, Rubber City and City of Invention. Akron became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the canal, as well as being connected to numerous others and railroad lines. The city is home to the All-American Soapbox Derby, WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens, Akron City Hospital, the Goodyear Polymer Center, and Alcoholics Anonymous. Listed by Newsweek as one of ten Information Age high tech havens, it was awarded by the National Civic League, residents Frank and Charles Menches have a disputed claim of inventing the hamburger thus the annual national festival is hosted in the city. A creature often referred to as the Kenmore Grassman is reported through history, Notable historical events that occurred in the city includes the Akron School Law of 1847 creating the K-12 system, and Sojourner Truth giving her Aint I A Woman. Resident Ferdinand Schumacher supplied the Union Army with quaker oats during the American Civil War. Akron is known for the rubber, tire, and airship industries among others, including the trucking, stoneware, sewer pipe, fishing tackle, farming equipment, mining, match, zipper, and toy industries. With a population increase of 201. 8% during the 1910s, three major civil unrest events took place during the riot of 1900, rubber strike of 1936, and the Wooster Avenue riots of 1968. Du Bois and President Bill Clinton gave speeches on race relations in the city, while visiting during August 1914, Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association. In 1971, James R. Williams founded Alpha Phi Alpha Homes Inc. to build the Channelwood Village area of Akron. During a 2016 march on West Market Street, purple heart Vietnam War veteran, Notable criminal history includes mobster Rosario Borgio headquartering the areas black hand operations, and Pretty Boy Floyds Walker-Mitchell mobs activities
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Cleveland
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Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
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NJ Transit Rail Operations
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NJ Transit Rail Operations is the rail division of NJ Transit. It provides commuter service in New Jersey, with most service centered on transportation to and from New York City, Hoboken. NJ Transit also operates service in Orange and Rockland counties in New York under contract to Metro-North Railroad. This does not include NJ Transits light rail operations, as of 2012, NJ Transits commuter rail network consists of 11 lines and 164 stations, primarily concentrated in northern New Jersey, with one line running between Atlantic City and Philadelphia. The former Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines Atlantic City Line is also included in the Newark Division, Conrail, CSX, Norfolk Southern and several short lines currently have trackage rights contracts to operate freight service on NJ Transit lines. The Morristown & Erie Railway can only use NJT trackage to get between its owned trackage, it cannot serve customers on NJ Transit trackage, a similar situation exists for Conrail on the Atlantic City Line. These lines were purchased by the New Jersey Department of Transportation in the late 1970s for railbanking purposes, other major yard facilities are located at Hoboken Terminal. Amtraks Sunnyside Yard in Queens, New York serves as a facility for trains to New York Penn Station. Additional yards are located at outlying points along the lines, there are eight non-revenue work diesels used for these purposes. Equipment owned by Metro-North carries AAR reporting marks MNCW without exception and these locomotives carry NJTR reporting marks for revenue service. Not included are the EMU cars, which are technically locomotives, ONLY active revenue locomotives are listed, retired equipment is unlisted. All non-revenue locomotives are diesel-powered and legally carry the same NJTR AAR reporting marks as all other equipment without exception, as these locomotives lack HEP, they do not haul trains in passenger service unless performing a rescue. NJ Transit has a fleet of over 1,000 passenger cars, the fleet and examples are described below. Except for the Comet IIM, all examples shown are cab cars leading or on the end of trains. Car groupings are, except for the Arrow III MUs, arranged in the order, cab cars, trailers with lavatories, and trailers without lavatories. Single Arrow III MUs are GE Model MA-1J, married pairs are GE Model MA-1H, NJ Transit provides passenger service on 12 lines at total of 165 stations, some operated conjunction with Amtrak and Metro North. NJ Transit NJ Transit Rail Draft 2012 State Rail Plan
