Petrophysics is the study of physical and chemical rock properties and their interactions with fluids.
Figure 1
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
The rocky side of a mountain creek in Costa Rica
Layers of sedimentary rock in Makhtesh Ramon
A volcanic eruption is the release of stored energy from below Earth's surface.
The magnetosphere shields the surface of Earth from the charged particles of the solar wind. (image not to scale.)