Philosophy of history
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Philosophy of history is the philosophical study of history and its discipline. The term was coined by the French philosopher Voltaire.
Thomas Carlyle, Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher of the great man theory
Karl Marx, founder of Marxism and historical materialism
Positivism
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Positivism is a philosophical school that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive—meaning a posteriori facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience. Other ways of knowing, such as intuition, introspection, or religious faith, are rejected or considered meaningless.
Comte first laid out his theory of positivism in The Course in Positive Philosophy
Positivist temple in Porto Alegre, Brazil
Émile Durkheim