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Phineas Gage
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Phineas P. Gage was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of
Gage and his "constant companion"‍—‌his inscribed tamping iron‍—‌sometime after 1849, seen in the portrait (identified in 2009) that "exploded the common image of Gage as a dirty, disheveled misfit" [K]
Gage and his "constant companion"‍—‌his inscribed tamping iron‍—‌sometime after 1849, seen in the portrait (identified in 2009) that "exploded the com
The first known report of Gage's ac­ci­dent, under­stat­ing the thick­ness of his tamp­ing iron (by confusing its diam­e­ter with its cir­cum­fer­ence
The first known report of Gage's ac­ci­dent, under­stat­ing the thick­ness of his tamp­ing iron (by confusing its diam­e­ter with its cir­cum­fer­ence) and over­stat­ing the iron's length and the damage to Gage's jaw.​[M] "[Gage's] fame is of the kind that is, and in his case literally so, thrust upon other­wise ordinary people", writes Malcolm Macmillan.[M]
The entry damage to Gage's left cheek, and the raised bone fragment in the exit area above his forehead, are visible in this plaster cast taken in lat
The entry damage to Gage's left cheek, and the raised bone fragment in the exit area above his forehead, are visible in this plaster cast taken in late 1849.​
"Disfigured yet still hand­some".[T] Note ptosis of the left eye and scar on forehead.
"Disfigured yet still hand­some".[T] Note ptosis of the left eye and scar on forehead.
Henry Molaison
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Henry Gustav Molaison, known widely as H.M., was an American epileptic man who in 1953 received a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy to surgically resect parts of his brain—the anterior two thirds of
Phineas Gage
…than cerebral cortex (gray matter) damage.[V] Thiebaut de Schotten et al. estimated white-matter damage in Gage and two other case studies ("Tan" and "H.M."), concluding that these patients "suggest that social behavior, language, and memory depend on the coordinated activity of different [brain] regions…
Molaison in 1953 before his surgery
Molaison in 1953 before his surgery