Phineas P. Gage was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of
Gage and his "constant companion"—his inscribed tamping iron—sometime after 1849, seen in the portrait (identified in 2009) that "exploded the common image of Gage as a dirty, disheveled misfit" [K]
The first known report of Gage's accident, understating the thickness of his tamping iron (by confusing its diameter with its circumference) and overstating the iron's length and the damage to Gage's jaw.[M] "[Gage's] fame is of the kind that is, and in his case literally so, thrust upon otherwise ordinary people", writes Malcolm Macmillan.[M]
The entry damage to Gage's left cheek, and the raised bone fragment in the exit area above his forehead, are visible in this plaster cast taken in late 1849.
"Disfigured yet still handsome".[T] Note ptosis of the left eye and scar on forehead.
John Martyn Harlow was an American physician primarily remembered for his attendance on brain-injury survivor Phineas Gage, and for his published reports on Gage's accident and subsequent history.
Phineas Gage
…Gage (née Swetland) of Grafton County, New Hampshire. Little is known about his upbringing and education beyond that he was literate.[M][M10] Physician John Martyn Harlow, who knew Gage before his accident, described him as a perfectly healthy, strong and active young man, twenty-five years of age, nervo-bilious temperament…